Physics (A.

S) Edexcel Answer Chapter 1 /Units& introduction

Jan 201
The only correct answer is C
1 1
This is because density is a scalar and velocity is a vector.

201

The only correct answer is D

2 A is not correct as work and time are both scalar quantities (1)
B is not correct as work and time are both scalar quantities
C is not correct as work and time are both scalar quantities

1 t 1

A is the correct answer

3 B is not correct as both the micro and centi columns are incorrect. (1)
C is not correct as the micro column is incorrect.
D is not correct as the centi column is incorrect.

2 t 1

B is the correct answer

4 A is not correct as they are the units for force. (1)
C is not correct as they are the units for momentum.
D is not correct as they are the units for power.

t 1
C is the correct answer
5
A is not correct as diameter is being used for radius. (1)
B is not correct as diameter is being used for radius.
D is not correct as the anomalous point (1.36) has not been ignored.

Dr.Michael Kerolos 2
Physics (A.S) Edexcel Answer Chapter 1 /Units& introduction

1 n

C is the correct answer

6 A is not the correct answer as units would be kg m s-2

B is not the correct answer as units would be kg m s-1
D is not the correct answer as units would be kg m2 s-2 (1)

1 20

C is the correct answer (1)

7
A is not the correct answer as joules are used for energy, a scalar
B is not the correct answer as metres are used for distance, a scalar
D is not the correct answer as watts are used for power, a scalar

n 1
8 C is the correct answer (1)
A is incorrect because the acceleration does not reach zero
B is incorrect because the acceleration does not reach zero
D is incorrect because the acceleration does not reach zero

1 1
B is the correct answer 1
A is incorrect because gradient is velocity, not acceleration
C is incorrect because gradient is rate of change of
9
acceleration,not velocity
D is incorrect because gradient is rate of change of acceleration, not
displacement

n
D is the only correct answer 1
A is not the correct answer because mass is a scalar and force and acceleration are
10 vectors
B is not the correct answer because force is a vector
C is not the correct answer because mass is a scalar and acceleration is a vector

1 n
B is the only correct answer
11 A is incorrect because one watt is defined as one joule per second
1
C is incorrect because a 1 N = 1 kg m s−2
D is incorrect because a joule is the unit for work, and work = force × distance

Dr.Michael Kerolos 3
 Physics (A.S) Edexcel Answer Chapter 2 / Motion & projectile
9

Question Answer 1 201 Mark

Number
Initial velocity = 12 m s-1 and comes to rest at 6 s (1)

Uniformly accelerates/decelerates
Or velocity decreases/changes at a constant rate (1)

(1) 3
with a value 2 m s-2
(minus not required if stated that is a deceleration)

Example of calculation
𝑣−𝑢
a=
𝑡
13(a) 0 − 12 m s−1
a=
2s
a = 2 m s2
13(b) 1
Use of 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 for X (1)
2

1
Use of 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 for Y (1)
2

Equates their expressions for s for X and Y

(1)
Time = 4.0 s (allow e.c.f from 13(a)) (1)

Alternative method:
Uses area under graph = displacement [over any time] (1)

Uses trapezium area rule or triangle to determine area

(1)
Displacement at overtake = 32 m
(1)
Time at overtake = 4.0 s
(1) 4
(accept trial and error method with t = 0, t = 1 etc. to determine time
where distances are the same)

Example of calculation
1
𝑠 = (12 m s−1 )𝑡 − (2 m s−2 )𝑡 2
2
1
𝑠 = (4 m s −2 )𝑡 2
2
1 1
12𝑡 − 2𝑡 2 = 4𝑡 2
2 2
12 = 3𝑡
𝑡 = 4.0s

Dr.Michael Kerolos 11
 Physics (A.S) Edexcel Answer Chapter 2 / Motion & projectile

*13(c) (QWC – Work must be clear and organised in a logical manner using
technical wording where appropriate)

Max 4
The time between frames in a video is known
Or each frame = 1/25 s
Or playback video for stated/small time (1)

Ensure that there is a length measure within the footage (to scale off
distances)
Or markers placed on road/track a known/fixed/ stated distance apart (1)

Measure distance moved over a short/stated/corresponding time

Or measure the distance moved over a number of frames (1)

Velocity = distance divided by corresponding time interval

(1)
Frames known from the start to give the time to plot against the (1) 4
(instantaneous) velocity

Total for question 13 11

5 t 1
10
B is the correct answer (1)

This is because the horizontal component is calculated using the

equation 𝑣𝑣H = �𝑣𝑣 2 −𝑣𝑣V2 = √0.52 − 0.32 = 0.4

Dr.Michael Kerolos 12
 Physics (A.S) Edexcel Answer Chapter 2 / Motion & projectile
12

1 t 1
Question Answer Mark
Number
13(a) Method 1 – Calculate the vertical displacement at 102 m.
See (uv =) 33sin28 Or 15 to 16 (m s 1) Or (uh =) 33cos28 Or 29 (m s 1) (1)

Use of v = s/t with s = 102 m for the time of flight needed

Or Use of v = s/t with s = 10 m for the extra time of flight needed (1)

Use of equation(s) to determine the vertical displacement at the time calculated (1)

Vertical displacement = (−) 5.8 to 6.0 m (1)

Comparison with required height AND height is insufficient (1)

(Allow correct conclusion based on the calculated height)

Method 2 – Calculate the horizontal displacement for a height of 4.5 m.

See (uv =) 33sin28 Or 15 to 16 (m s 1) Or (uh =) 33cos28 Or 29 (m s 1) (1)

Use of vertical equation(s) with s = ( 4.5 m to determine the actual time of

flight Or to determine the time beyond 92 m (1)

Use of v = s/t to determine the range

Or Use of v = s/t for the extra displacement beyond 92 m (1)

Horizontal displacement = 98 to 101 m Or extra displacement = 7.7 to 7.9 m (1)

Comparison with required displacement AND height is insufficient

Or Comparison of extra displacement AND height is insufficient (1)
(Allow correct conclusion based on the calculated distance)

Method 3 – Calculate the actual time of flight and that needed for 102 m
See (uv =) 33sin28 Or 15 to 16 (m s 1) Or (uh =) 33cos28 Or 29 (m s 1) (1)

Use of v = s/t with s = 102 m for the time of flight needed (1)

Use of vertical equation(s) to determine the actual time of flight (1)

Time of flight needed = 3.5 s AND actual time of flight = 3.4 s (1) (5)

Time needed > actual time AND height is insufficient (1)

(Allow correct conclusion based on the calculated times)

Example of calculation
uv = (33m s−1) sin28 ° = 15.5 m s−1
uh = (33 m s−1) cos28 °= 29.1m s−1
102 m
t=
29.1 m s−1
t = 3.50 s
s = (15.5 m s−1 × 3.50 s) + (½ × (−9.81 N kg−1) ×(3.50 s)2)
s = − 5.87 m

Dr.Michael Kerolos 13
Physics (A.S) Edexcel Answer Chapter 2 / Motion & projectile

*13(b) This question assesses a student’s ability to show a coherent and logically
structured answer with linkages and fully-sustained reasoning.
Marks are awarded for indicative content and for how the answer is structured and
shows lines of reasoning.
The following table shows how the marks should be awarded for indicative
content and lines of reasoning.

IC points IC mark Max linkage Max final

mark available mark
6 4 2 6
5 3 2 5
4 3 1 4
3 2 1 3
2 2 0 2
1 1 0 1
0 0 0 0

Number of marks awarded for

structure of answer and sustained
line of reasoning
Answer shows a coherent and logical 2
structure with linkages and fully sustained
lines of reasoning demonstrated throughout
Answer is partially structured with some 1
linkages and lines of reasoning
Answer has no linkages between points and 0
is unstructured

Indicative content
With air resistance:
Vertical motion
• When moving up weight and (vertical component of) air resistance are
acting.
Or When moving up air resistance increases the resultant force.

• (When moving up,) downwards/vertical acceleration/deceleration increases

Or upward velocity decreases more quickly.

• (So maximum) height is lower.

Horizontal motion
• There is a horizontal deceleration/force (due to air resistance).

• (So the average) horizontal velocity is lower.

• The (ball travels a) shorter (total) distance. (6)

Total for question 13 11

Dr.Michael Kerolos 14
Physics (A.S) Edexcel Answer Chapter 2 / Motion & projectile
13

17 t 1

Question Answer Mark

Number
17(a)(i) The graph is less steep
Or The gradient is smaller (1) (1)
𝑣𝑣 −𝑢𝑢
17(a)(ii) Use of a = Or Use of a = gradient (1)
𝑡𝑡

(1) (2)
a2 = 0.96 to 1.3 m s−2

Example of calculation
13.2 m s−1 −6.8 m s−1
a2 = (10.5 −4)s
= 0.98 m s−2

17(a)(iii) Velocity is large(r) (in higher gears) (1)

so force (of the engine) will be smaller. (1) (2)

17(b)(i) Conversion of mph to m s−1 (1)

Use of acceleration values for first and second gears only. (1)
𝑣𝑣 −𝑢𝑢 (1)
Use of a = to determine a time
𝑡𝑡

(1) (4)
total time = 13.0 to 14.0 s

Example of calculation
60 mph ×1600 m
Velocity conversion = = 26.7 m s−1
3600
−2 18 m s−1 −0
2.9 m s = t1 = 6.21 s
𝑡𝑡1
26.7 m s − 18 m s−1
−1
1.2 m s−2 = 𝑡𝑡
t2 = 7.22 s
Total time = 6.21 s + 7.22 s = 13.4 s

17(b)(ii) As velocity increases the air resistance increases (1)

(When) frictional forces are equal to the (driving) force of engine/car (1)

There is no resultant/net/unbalanced force and no acceleration (1) (3)

Total for question 17 12

Dr.Michael Kerolos 15
Physics (A.S) Edexcel Answer Chapter 2 / Motion & projectile
1
Question Answer Mark
16 n
Number

16(a)(i) • Use measurement and scaling factor (1) (1)

• h = 3.4 ± 0.1 cm (1)

OR

1
• Use of = 𝑎𝑎 2 with t = 0.083 s (1)
2

• h = 3.4 cm (1)
(2)

16(a)(ii) • Use of (average) speed = s/t with s = value from part (a)(i) (1)

• Use of initial speed = 2 × average speed

(1)
• Speed = 0.82 m s-1 ecf from (a)(i)
(1)
OR
(1)
• Use of Eg = mgh with h = value from (a)(i)

• Use of ½mv2 = Eg(initial) (1)

• Speed = 0.82 m s-1 ecf from (a)(i) (1)

OR
(1)
• Use of v = u + at with v = 0
(1)
• Use of a = -g
(1)
• Speed = 9.81 × 0.083 = 0.81 m s-1

OR

• Use of with s = ut + ½at2 with s = value from part (a)(i)

(1)
• Use of a = - g (1)
(1)
• Speed = 0.82 m s-1 ecf from (a)(i)

Example of calculation
u = s/t - ½at
u = 0.034/0.083 + ½ × 9.81 × 0.083

OR

• Use of v2 = u2 + 2as with s = value from (a)(i) and v = 0

(1)
• Use of a = -g (1)

Dr.Michael Kerolos 17
Physics (A.S) Edexcel Answer Chapter 2 / Motion & projectile

(1)
• Speed = 0.82 m s-1 ecf from (a)(i)

Example of calculation
Actual distance travelled by popcorn = 6.2 cm 1.8 = 3.4 cm
0.034 m
(average speed) = = 0.41 m s−1
83 ×10− s
Initial speed = 2 × average speed = 0.82 m s−1 (3)

16(b) • Use of 14% to determine mass (of water/popcorn). (1)

Or
mpopcorn/mwater = 86/14
(1)
• Use of p = mv
(1)
• Use of momentum conservation
(1)
• v = (–) 9.2 m s-1

Example of calculation
0 = (0.0946 g × 1.5 m s−1) + (0.0154 g × v)
−0.0946 g × 1.5 m s−1
𝑣𝑣 = 0.0154 g
v = −9.21 m s−1

(4)

Total for question 16 9

Dr.Michael Kerolos 18
 Physics (A.S) Edexcel Answer Chapter 2 / Motion & projectile
15

1 n 1

Question Answer Mark

Number
13(a)
• Use of v2 = u2 + 2as
(1)
• Vertical component, = sin 35° (1)
• Speed of ball = 17.3 (m s 1) (1) 3
Example of calculation
0 = uv2 – 2 × 9.81 m s 2 × 5.0 m
uv2 = 98.1, uv = √98.1 = 9.9 m s 1
u = 9.9 / sin 35 = 17.3 m s 1

13(b)
• Use of uH = u cos θ
(1)
• Use of t = s/uH (1)
1
• Use of = + 𝑎𝑎 2 with uV = u sin θ and a = g (1)
2
• Height = 3.2 (m) (1)
• Comparison of result consistent with calculation of height at 22 m. (1) 5

Example of calculation
Horizontal speed = 17.0 cos 35 = 13.9 m s 1
Time to travel 22 m = 22 ÷ 13.9 = 1.58 s
Initial vertical speed = 17.0 sin 35 = 9.8 m s 1
Height gained in 1.58 s = 9.8 1.58 – 0.5  9.81 1.582 = 3.16 m

Total for question 13 8

7 1

B is the correct answer (1)

A is incorrect because the acceleration is g which has constant magnitude and direction
C is incorrect because the objects gain the same k.e. for the same drop height
D is incorrect because both objects start with the same k.e. and gain the same k.e.

Dr.Michael Kerolos 22
Physics (A.S) Edexcel Answer Chapter 2 / Motion & projectile

18(c)
Air resistance act to oppose the motion of the motorcyclist (1)

So it decreases the time for which the motorcyclist is in the air

Or
There is deceleration in the horizontal direction
Or
Speed in horizontal direction is reduced
Or
The (maximum) height reached by the motorcyclist is reduced (1)

Horizontal distance travelled is reduced (dependent on MP1 or MP2) (1) 3

Total for question 18 9

5 2

The correct answer is B 1

A is incorrect because air resistance would reduce the acceleration
C is incorrect because drop time is unaffected by horizontal motion
D is incorrect because a greater time would give a lower acceleration

6 2
The correct answer is B because for a constant resultant force acceleration 1
increases if mass decreases
A is incorrect because a constant acceleration for a decreasing mass would
require a decreasing resultant force
C is incorrect because a decreasing acceleration for a decreasing mass would
require a decreasing resultant force
D is incorrect because a decreasing acceleration for a decreasing mass would
require a decreasing resultant force

8 2

16 The correct answer is D because the area below the t axis represents negative 1
displacement
A is incorrect because P is above the line and Q should be subtracted
B is incorrect because P is above the line
C is incorrect because Q should be subtracted

Dr.Michael Kerolos 29
 Physics (A.S) Edexcel Answer Chapter 2 / Motion & projectile

16
Question
Answer 18 2 Mark
Number
18(a)
Use of trigonometry (1)
Vertical component = 34 (m s 1) (1) 2

Example of calculation
52 m s 1 × sin 41° = 34.1 m s 1

18(b)
Method 1:
Use of s = u t + ½ a t2 with s = 11 m and a = .81 m s (1)
Use of quadratic formula (1)
t = 6.62 (s) [Allow ecf from (a)] (1)

Method 2:
Use of v = u + at, with v = 0 to find time to max height [3.48 s] (1)
Use of s = ½(u + v) t, or other correct suvat equation, to find max height [59.3 m]
And
Use of s = u t + ½ a t2 to find time to fall to 11 m [3.14 s] (1)
t = 6.62 (s) depending on rounding of (a) [Allow ecf from (a)] (1) 3
(allow ecf from (a))
[Allow any valid suvat method]

Example of calculation
Let time to max height = t
11 m = 34.1 m s 1 × t × 9.81 m s × t2
2 1
4.91 × t 4.1 m s × t + 11 m = 0
t = (34.1 ± √( 4.12 4 × 11 × 4.91) m s 1 ÷ 9.81 m s
= 6.62 s (or 0.34 s)

18(c)
Resolves for horizontal component of velocity (1)
Use of s = v t (1)
260 m so no (1) 3
(Allow ecf from (b) with correct conclusion based on student’s value)

Example of calculation
Horizontal component of velocity = 52 m s 1 × cos 41° = 39.2 m s 1

s = 39.2 m s 1 × 6.62 s = 260 m

Distance required 245 m to 255 m and 260 m > 255 m so no.

Dr.Michael Kerolos 30
Physics (A.S) Edexcel Answer Chapter 2 / Motion & projectile

5 n
The correct answer is C 1

A is not the correct answer because the acceleration is not 5 m s−2

B is not the correct answer because the acceleration is not 9.81 m s−2
D is not the correct answer because this expression is not dimensionally
correct and the acceleration is not 9.81 m s−2

7 n

The correct answer is B 1

A is not the correct answer because the acceleration is not positive

C is not the correct answer because the acceleration does not increase
D is not the correct answer because the acceleration does not decrease

17
11 n
Question
Answer Mark
Number
2
Use of s = u t + ½ a t with u = 0 and a = g for flight time (1)
Use of s = u t + ½ a t2 with a = 0 for horizontal displacement of stone (1)
Distance travelled = 5.9 m (1) 3

Example of calculation
12 m = 0.5 × 9.81 m s−2 × t2
t = √(12.0 m ÷ 4.905 m s−2) = 1.56 s
sstone = 3.8 m s−1 × 1.56 s = 5.94 m

Total for question 11 3

Dr.Michael Kerolos 33
Physics (A.S) Edexcel Answer Chapter 6 / Work, energy & power

Q 18 / 21
27

Questio Answer Mark

n
Number
18(a) Use of P = W / t and ΔW = F Δs (1)
Force = 13.9 (kN) (1) 2

Example of calculation
In 1 second W = 6250 J and distance travelled = 0.450 m
F = 6 250 W ÷ 0.450 m s−1 = 13.9 kN

18(b) Use of ΔW = F Δs (1)

Use of Δs = 4.35 / sin 6.0° (1)
Total work = 5.8 × 105 J (allow ecf from (a)) (1) 3

Example of calculation
ΔW = 13.9 × 103 N × 4.35 m ÷ sin 6.0° = 578 kJ

18(c) Use of ΔEgrav = m g Δh (1)

Useful work done = 89.6 (kJ) (1) 2

Example of calculation
ΔEgrav = 2.10 × 103 kg × 9.81 N kg−1 × 4.35 m = 89.6 kJ

18(d) Use of ε = useful energy output / total energy unput (1)

Efficiency = 0.16 (allow ecf from (b) and (c)) (1) 2

Example of calculation
ε = 89.6 kJ ÷ 578 kJ = 0.155

Total for question 18 9

Dr.Michael Kerolos 121

 Physics (A.S) Edexcel Answer Chapter 6 / Work, energy & power

28 Q 12 / n 2
19
Question Answer Mark
Number
12(a) 2
Amount of work from the electric motor is reduced (1)

Because there is energy transfer between the counterweight and the lift
Or
Because counterweight contributes to total work done (on lift cage)
Or
Because the counterweight reduces the force required from the motor
Or
Because total work done (on lift cage) is sum of work done by
counterweight/gravity and by the motor. (1)

12(b) 4
Use of ΔW = FΔx or ΔEgrav = mgΔh (1)

Use of conservation of energy (1)

Use of P = W / t (1)

P = 12.4 (kW) (1)

Or

Calculates resultant force (1)

Use of ΔW = FΔx (1)

Use of P = W / t (1)

P = 12.4 (kW) (1)

Example of calculation
For counterweight ΔEgrav = mgΔh
= 1300 kg × 9.81 ms−2 ×40.0 m = 5.101 × 105 J
For lift ΔEgrav = mgΔh
= 2250 kg × 9.81 ms−2 ×40.0 m = 8.829 × 105 J
Energy required = 8.829 × 105 J − 5.101 × 105 J = 3.728 × 105 J
P = 3.728 × 105 J ÷ 30 s = 1.243 × 104 W

12(c) 2
Use of efficiency = useful power output ÷ total power input (1)

Efficiency = 0.78 (ecf from (b) (1)

Example of calculation
Efficiency = 12.4 kW÷ (12.4 + 3.6) kW = 0.775
Total for question 12 8

Dr.Michael Kerolos 122

Physics (A.S) Edexcel Answer Chapter 6 / Work, energy & power

Q1/ 2

The correct answer is C 1

A is incorrect because the numerator and denominator are the wrong way
29 around, and a factor of 1 000 is missing in the numerator
B is incorrect because the factor 750 should be in the denominator and the 1
000 in the numerator
D is incorrect because the numerator and denominator are the wrong way
around.

Q7/ 2

The correct answer is D 1

30 A is incorrect because springs in series increase the extension and springs in
parallel decrease the extension for the same force
B is incorrect because springs in series increase the extension for the same
force
C is incorrect because springs in parallel decrease the extension for the same
force

Q9/ 2

The correct answer is D 1

20 A is incorrect ecause the distance mo ed y the force is not Δh cos θ
31 B is incorrect because the distance moved by the force is not Δh / cos θ
is incorrect ecause the distance mo ed y the force is not Δh sin θ

Dr.Michael Kerolos 123

Physics (A.S) Edexcel Answer Chapter 6 / Work, energy & power

21 Q 14 / 2
32
Question
Answer Mark
Number
14(a)
Use EK = ½ m v2 (1)
useful energy output (1)
Use of efficiency =
total energy input

Efficiency = 0.56 Or 56% (1) 3

Example of calculation
EK = 0.5 × 1 560 kg × (13 m s−1) 2 = 1.32 × 105 J
efficiency = 73.9 × 104 J ÷ 1.32 × 105 J = 0.56

14(b)(i)
As the velocity increases the drag forces increase. (1) 1

14(b)(ii)
At higher speeds more work done against air resistance. (1)
So more energy dissipated. (1)
So a smaller proportion of energy is available to charge battery. (1)
(Hence) the efficiency of the system is lower. (1) 4

Total for question 14 8

Q8/

C is the correct answer 1

A is incorrect because the extension is wrong and the force has been neglected
33
B is incorrect because the force has been neglected, or the extension is wrong
D is incorrect because the extension has been neglected

Q 10 /

C is the correct answer 1

34 A is incorrect because it gives 48% of only the power output.
B is incorrect because it gives is 52% of the power output.
D is incorrect because it gives is the total power input.

Dr.Michael Kerolos 124

Physics (A.S) Edexcel Answer Chapter 6 / Work, energy & power

Q2/ 3

22 B is the correct answer 1

40 A is incorrect because the force is not acting in the direction of motion
D is incorrect because tan 40° does not give parallel component of force
C is incorrect because sin 40° does not give parallel component of force

Q4/ 3

B is the correct answer 1

41 Ais incorrect because area under graph is not a rectangle
B is incorrect because work done is not the gradient of the graph
C is incorrect because work done is not the gradient−1 of the graph

Q8/ 3

42 C is the correct answer 1

Because KE gained is GPE lost and the height lost is 20 m × sin 23°

43 Q 13 / 3
Question
Answer Mark
Number
13(a)
Use of Ek = ½ m v2 (1)

Ek = 2.1 × 109 (J) (1) 2

Example calculation
Ek = 0.5 × 7.2 × 105 kg × (76 m s−1)2 = 2.08 × 109 J

13(b)
Use of P = W / t (1)

D = 8.0 × 108 J (ecf from (a)) (1) 2

Example calculation
W = 16 × 106 W × 180 s = 2.9 × 109 J
D = 2.9 × 109 J – 2.1 × 109 J = 8.0 × 108 J

Total for question 13 4

Dr.Michael Kerolos 130