DBMS Mini Project (22CSL55) ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CHAPTER 1:

INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM
1.1Introduction
Formally, a "database" refers to a set of related data and the way it is organized.
Access to this data is usually provided by a "database management system" (DBMS)
consisting of an integrated set of computer software that allows users to interact with one
or more databases and provides access to all of the data contained in the database
(although restrictions may exist that limit access to particular data). The DBMS provides
various functions that allow entry, storage and retrieval of large quantities of information
and provides ways to manage how that information is organized. Because of the close
relationship between them, the term "database" is often used casually to refer to both a
database and the DBMS used to manipulate it.

Outside the world of professional information technology, the term database is often
used to refer to any collection of related data (such as a spreadsheet or a card index) as
however size and usage requirements typically necessitate use of a database management
system. Existing DBMSs provide various functions that allow management of a database
and its data which can be classified into four main functional groups:

 Data definition – Creation, modification and removal of definitions that define the
organization of the data.
 Update – Insertion, modification, and deletion of the actual data.
 Retrieval – Providing information in a form directly usable or for further processing
by other applications. The retrieved data may be made available in a form basically
the same as it is stored in the database or in a new form obtained by altering or
combining existing data from the database.
 Administration – Registering and monitoring users, enforcing data security,
monitoring performance, maintaining data integrity, dealing concurrency control,
recovering information that has been corrupted by some event such as an unexpected
system failure.

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Both a database and its DBMS conform to the principles of a particular database
model. "Database system" refers collectively to the database model, database
management system, and database.

Physically, database servers are dedicated computers that hold the actual databases
and run only the DBMS and related software. Database servers are usually multiprocessor
computers, with generous memory and RAID disk arrays used for stable storage. RAID is
used for recovery of data if any of the disks fail. Hardware database accelerators,
connected to one or more servers via a high-speed channel, are also used in large volume
transaction processing environments. DBMSs are found at the heart of most database
applications. DBMSs may be built around a custom multitasking kernel
with built- in networking support, but modern DBMSs typically rely on a standard
operating system to provide these functions.

Since DBMSs comprise a significant market, computer and storage vendors often
take into account DBMS requirements in their own development plans.

Databases and DBMSs can be categorized according to the database model(s) that
they support (such as relational or XML), the type(s) of computer they run on (from a
server cluster to a mobile phone), the query language(s) used to access the database (such
as SQL or XQuery), and their internal engineering, which affects performance,
scalability, resilience, and security.

1.2 History
The sizes, capabilities, and performance of databases and their respective DBMS
have grown in orders of magnitude. These performance increases were enabled by the
technology progress in the areas of processors, computer memory, computer storage,
and computer networks. The development of database technology can be divided into
three eras based on data model or structure: navigational, SQL/relational, and post-
relational. The two main early navigational data models were the hierarchical model and
the CODASYL model (network model).

The relational model, first proposed in 1970 by Edgar F. Codd, departed from
this tradition by insisting that applications should search for data by content, rather than
by following links. The relational model employs set of ledger-style tables, each used
for a

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different type of entity. Only in the mid-1980s did computing hardware become
powerful enough to allow the wide deployment of relational systems (DBMSs plus
applications). By the early 1990s, however, relational systems dominated in all large-
scale data processing applications, and as of 2018 they remain dominant:
IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft SQL Server are the most searched DBMS.[9]
The dominant database language, standardized SQL for the relational model, has
influenced database languages for other data models.

Object databases were developed in the 1980s to overcome the inconvenience

of object-relational impedance mismatch, which led to the coining of the term "post-
relational" and also the development of hybrid object-relational databases.

The next generation of post-relational databases in the late 2000s became known
as No SQL databases, introducing fast key-value stores and document-oriented
databases. A competing "next generation" known as New SQL databases attempted new
implementations that retained the relational/SQL model while aiming to match the high
performance of No SQL compared to commercially available relational DBMS.

1.3Characteristics of Database Approach

1.3.1 Data redundancy and inconsistency.

1.3.2 Self describing nature of DBMS.
1.3.3 Insulation between programs and data.
1.3.4 Supports multiple views of data.
1.3.5 Sharing of data and multiuser transaction processing.
1.3.6 Restricting unauthorized access.
1.3.7 Provides persistent storage for the program object.
1.3.8 Provides backup and recovery.
1.3.9 Enforcing integrity constraints.
1.3.10 Provides storage structure and search technique for
efficient storage processing.

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1.4Application of DBMS

A Database management system is a computerized record-keeping system. It is a

repository or a container for collection of computerized data files. The overall purpose of
DBMS is to allow the users to define, store, retrieve and update the information contained
in the database on demand. Information can be anything that is of significance to an
individual or organization.

Databases touch all aspects of our lives. Some of the major areas of application are
as follows:
1.4.1 Banking
1.4.2 Airlines
1.4.3 Universities
1.4.4 Manufacturing and Selling
1.4.5 Human Resources

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CHAPTER 2:

PROJECT DESIGN
2.1PURPOSE
The purpose of developing attendance management system is to computerized the
tradition way of taking attendance. Another purpose for developing this software is to
generate the report automatically at the end of the session or in the between of the session.

2.2 DESCRIPTION
Attendance management is the act of managing attendance or presence in a work
setting to minimize loss due to employee downtime.
ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: attendance control has traditionally been
approached using time clocks, timesheets and time tracking software, but attendance
management goes beyond this to provide a working environment which maximizes and
motivates student attendance. Recently it has become possible to collect attendance data
automatically through using real-time location systems, which also allow for cross-
linking between attendance data and performance.
Attendance management takes place in all educational campuses be it university,
college or school.

It will make to the attendance database all students. Entered attendance to store in
the database subject. Period wise into the particular date. It will help to get report of
weekly and consolidate of the attendance. It will retrieve the subject information from the
subject database and assign time tables to the staffs.

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2.3 ER DIAGRAM

Fig 2.3 ER DIAGRAM FOR ATTENDENCE MANAGEMENT SYTEM

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2.4 SCHEMA DIAGRAM

Schema diagram formulates all the constrains that are to be applied on the data. A
database schema defines its entities and the relationship among them. It contains a
descriptive detail of the database, which can be depicted by means of schema diagrams.

Fig 2.4 SCHEMA DIAGRAM FOR ATTENDENCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

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CHAPTER 3:

RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Hardware Requirements
 Processor : Intel CORE i3

 RAM : 4 GB

 System type : 64-bit processor

 Monitor : VGA compatible (CRT or LCD-TFT)

3.2 Software Requirements

 XAMPP server

 Front End: PHP, HTML

 Back End: MYSQL

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CHAPTER 4:
DESCRIPTION OF TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES
4.1Description of tools
4.1.1 XAMPP Server

XAMPP stands for Cross-Platform (X), Apache (A), Maria DB (M), PHP (P) and Perl
(P). Since XAMPP is simple, lightweight Apache distribution it is extremely easy for
developers to create a local web server for testing and deployment purposes. Everything
you needed is to set up a web server – server application (Apache), database (Maria DB),
and scripting language (PHP). XAMPP works equally well on Linux, Mac, and Windows.

4.1.2 MySQL SERVER

It is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). Its name is a

combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius 's daughter, and " SQL
", the abbreviation for Structured Query Language. The MySQL development project has
made its source code available under the terms of the GNU General Public License, as
well as under a variety of proprietary agreements.

MySQL was owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company
MySQL AB, now owned by Oracle Corporation. For proprietary use, several paid
editions are available, and offer additional functionality.

The MySQL server package will install the MySQL database server which can
interact with using a MySQL client. User can use the MySQL client to send commands to
any MySQL server; on a remote computer The MySQL server is used to persist the data
and provide a query interface for it (SQL). The MySQL client’s purpose is to allow you to
use that query interface. The client package also comes with utilities that allow ‘s you to
easily backup/restore data and administer the server.

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4.2Description of technologies

4.2.1 HTML

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language, it is the standard markup language for
creating web pages and web applications. With Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and
JavaScript it forms a triad of cornerstone technologies for the World Wide Web.

Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and
render them into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a web page
semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the document.

HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages, with HTML constructs,
images and other objects, such as interactive forms, may be embedded into the rendered
page. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics
for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. HTML elements
are delineated by tags, written using angle brackets. Browsers do not display the HTML
tags, but use them to interpret the content of the page.

4.2.2 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

It is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written
in a markup language. Although most often used to set the visual style of web pages and
user interfaces written in HTML, the language can be applied to any document, including
plain XML, SVG and XUL, and is applicable to rendering in speech, or on other media.
Along with HTML and JavaScript, CSS is a cornerstone technology used by most
websites to create visually engaging webpages, user interfaces for web applications, and
user interfaces for many mobile applications.

CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of presentation and content,

including aspects such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can improve
content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of
presentation characteristics, enable multiple HTML pages to share formatting by
specifying the relevant CSS in a separate.css file, and reduce complexity and repetition in
the structural content..

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4.2.3 PHP

It is a server-side scripting language designed primarily for web development but also
used as a general-purpose programming language. PHP was originally created by
RasmusLerdorf in 1994, the PHP reference implementation is now produced by The PHP
Development Team. PHP stands for the acronym: Hypertext Preprocessor.

PHP code may be embedded into HTML or HTML5 markup, or it can be used in
combination with various web template systems, web content management systems and
web frameworks. PHP code is usually processed by a PHP interpreter implemented as a
module in the web server or as a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) executable. The web
server software combines the results of the interpreted and executed PHP code, which
may be any type of data, including images, with the generated web page. PHP code may
also be executed with a command-line interface (CLI) and can be used to implement
standalone graphical applications.

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CHAPTER 5:
IMPLEMENTATION OF CODE
Database configuration code
<?php

$dbServer = 'localhost';

$dbUsername = 'root';

$dbPassword = '';

$dbDatabase = 'attendance_management';

$adminConfig =

array( 'adminUsername' => "admin",

'adminPassword' => "21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3",

'notifyAdminNewMembers' => "",

'defaultSignUp' => "1",

'anonymousGroup' => "anonymous",

'anonymousMember' => "guest",

'groupsPerPage' => "10",

'membersPerPage' => "10",

'recordsPerPage' => "10",

'custom1' => "Full Name",

'custom2' => "Address",

'custom3' => "City",

'custom4' => "State",

'MySQLDateFormat' => "%m/%d/%Y",

'PHPDateFormat' => "n/j/Y",

'PHPDateTimeFormat' => "m/d/Y, h:i a",

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'senderName' => "Membership management",

'senderEmail' => "admin@admin.com",

'approvalSubject' => "Your membership is now approved",

'approvalMessage' => "Dear member,\n\nYour membership is now approved

by the admin. You can log in to your account
here:\nhttp://localhost/attendance\n\nRegards,\nAdmin",

'hide_twitter_feed' => "",

'maintenance_mode_message' => "<b>Our website is currently down for

maintenance</b><br>\r\nWe expect to be back in a couple hours. Thanks for
your patience.",

'mail_function' => "mail",

'smtp_server' => "",

'smtp_encryption' => "",

'smtp_port' => "25",

'smtp_user' => "",

'smtp_pass' => ""

);

Attendance view code

<?php

// This script and data application were generated by AppGini 5.70

// Download AppGini for free from https://bigprof.com/appgini/download/

$currDir=dirname( FILE );

include("$currDir/defaultLang.php");

include("$currDir/language.php");

include("$currDir/lib.php");

@include("$currDir/hooks/attendance.php");

include("$currDir/attendance_dml.php");

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// mm: can the current member access this page?

$perm=getTablePermissions('attendance'); if(!

$perm[0]){

echo error_message($Translation['tableAccessDenied'], false);

echo '<script>setTimeout("window.location=\'index.php?signOut=1\'",
2000);</script>';

exit;

$x = new DataList;

$x->TableName = "attendance";

// Fields that can be displayed in the table view

$x->QueryFieldsTV = array(

"IF( CHAR_LENGTH(`students1`.`name`), CONCAT_WS('',

`students1`.`name`), '') /* Student */" => "student",

"IF( CHAR_LENGTH(`students1`.`regno`), CONCAT_WS('',

`students1`.`regno`), '') /* Regno */" => "regno",

"`attendance`.`week`" => "week",

"if(`attendance`.`date`,date_format(`attendance`.`date`,'%m/%d/%Y'),'')" =>
"date",

"IF( CHAR_LENGTH(`units1`.`name`), CONCAT_WS('',

`units1`.`name`), '') /* Unit */" => "unit",

"concat('<img src=\"', if(`attendance`.`attended`, 'checked.gif',

'checkednot.gif'), '\" border=\"0\" />')" => "attended",

"`attendance`.`id`" => "id"

);

// mapping incoming sort by requests to actual query fields

$x->SortFields = array(

1 => '`students1`.`name`',

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2 => '`students1`.`regno`',

3 => 3,

4 => '`attendance`.`date`',

5 => '`units1`.`name`',

6 => 6,

7 => '`attendance`.`id`'

);

// Fields that can be displayed in the csv file

$x->QueryFieldsCSV = array(

"IF( CHAR_LENGTH(`students1`.`name`), CONCAT_WS('',

`students1`.`name`), '') /* Student */" => "student",

"IF( CHAR_LENGTH(`students1`.`regno`), CONCAT_WS('',

`students1`.`regno`), '') /* Regno */" => "regno",

"`attendance`.`week`" => "week",

"if(`attendance`.`date`,date_format(`attendance`.`date`,'%m/%d/%Y'),'')" =>
"date",

"IF( CHAR_LENGTH(`units1`.`name`), CONCAT_WS('',

`units1`.`name`), '') /* Unit */" => "unit",

"`attendance`.`attended`" => "attended",

"`attendance`.`id`" => "id"

);

// Fields that can be filtered

$x->QueryFieldsFilters = array(

"IF( CHAR_LENGTH(`students1`.`name`), CONCAT_WS('',

`students1`.`name`), '') /* Student */" => "Student",

"IF( CHAR_LENGTH(`students1`.`regno`), CONCAT_WS('',

`students1`.`regno`), '') /* Regno */" => "Regno",

"`attendance`.`week`" => "Week",

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"`attendance`.`date`" => "Date",

"IF( CHAR_LENGTH(`units1`.`name`), CONCAT_WS('',

`units1`.`name`), '') /* Unit */" =>

"Unit", "`attendance`.`attended`" =>

"Attended", "`attendance`.`id`" => "ID"

);

// Fields that can be quick searched

$x->QueryFieldsQS = array(

"IF( CHAR_LENGTH(`students1`.`name`), CONCAT_WS('',

`students1`.`name`), '') /* Student */" => "student",

"IF( CHAR_LENGTH(`students1`.`regno`), CONCAT_WS('',

`students1`.`regno`), '') /* Regno */" => "regno",

"`attendance`.`week`" => "week",

"if(`attendance`.`date`,date_format(`attendance`.`date`,'%m/%d/%Y'),'')" =>
"date",

"IF( CHAR_LENGTH(`units1`.`name`), CONCAT_WS('',

`units1`.`name`), '') /* Unit */" => "unit",

"concat('<img src=\"', if(`attendance`.`attended`, 'checked.gif',

'checkednot.gif'), '\" border=\"0\" />')" => "attended",

"`attendance`.`id`" => "id"

);

// Lookup fields that can be used as filterers

$x->filterers = array( 'student' => 'Student', 'unit' => 'Unit');

$x->QueryFrom = "`attendance` LEFT JOIN `students` as students1 ON

`students1`.`regno`=`attendance`.`student` LEFT JOIN `units` as units1 ON
`units1`.`id`=`attendance`.`unit` ";

$x->QueryWhere = '';

$x->QueryOrder = '';

$x->AllowSelection = 1;

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$x->HideTableView = ($perm[2]==0 ? 1 : 0);

$x->AllowDelete = $perm[4];

$x->AllowMassDelete = false;

$x->AllowInsert = $perm[1];

$x->AllowUpdate = $perm[3];

$x->SeparateDV = 1;

$x->AllowDeleteOfParents = 0;

$x->AllowFilters = 1;

$x->AllowSavingFilters = 0;

$x->AllowSorting = 1;

$x->AllowNavigation = 1;

$x->AllowPrinting = 1;

$x->AllowCSV = 1;

$x->RecordsPerPage = 10;

$x->QuickSearch = 1;

$x->QuickSearchText = $Translation["quick search"];

$x->ScriptFileName = "attendance_view.php";

$x->RedirectAfterInsert = "attendance_view.php?SelectedID=#ID#";

$x->TableTitle = "Attendance Record";

$x->TableIcon = "resources/table_icons/application_view_icons.png";

$x->PrimaryKey = "`attendance`.`id`";

$x->ColWidth = array( 150, 150, 150, 150, 150, 150);

$x->ColCaption = array("Student", "Regno", "Week", "Date", "Unit",

"Attended");

$x->ColFieldName = array('student', 'regno', 'week', 'date', 'unit', 'attended');

$x->ColNumber = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6);

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// template paths below are based on the app main directory

$x->Template = 'templates/attendance_templateTV.html';

$x->SelectedTemplate = 'templates/attendance_templateTVS.html';

$x->TemplateDV = 'templates/attendance_templateDV.html';

$x->TemplateDVP = 'templates/attendance_templateDVP.html';

$x->ShowTableHeader = 1;

$x->ShowRecordSlots = 0;

$x->TVClasses = "";

$x->DVClasses = "";

$x->HighlightColor = '#FFF0C2';

// mm: build the query based on current member's permissions

$DisplayRecords = $_REQUEST['DisplayRecords']; if(!

in_array($DisplayRecords, array('user', 'group'))){ $DisplayRecords = 'all';

}

if($perm[2]==1 || ($perm[2]>1 && $DisplayRecords=='user' &&

!$_REQUEST['NoFilter_x'])){ // view owner only

$x->QueryFrom.=', membership_userrecords';

$x->QueryWhere="where
`attendance`.`id`=membership_userrecords.pkValue and
membership_userrecords.tableName='attendance' and
lcase(membership_userrecords.memberID)='".getLoggedMemberID()."'";

}elseif($perm[2]==2 || ($perm[2]>2 && $DisplayRecords=='group' &&

!$_REQUEST['NoFilter_x'])){ // view group only

$x->QueryFrom.=', membership_userrecords';

$x->QueryWhere="where
`attendance`.`id`=membership_userrecords.pkValue and
membership_userrecords.tableName='attendance' and
membership_userrecords.groupID='".getLoggedGroupID()."'";

}elseif($perm[2]==3){ // view all

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// no further action

}elseif($perm[2]==0){ // view none

$x->QueryFields = array("Not enough permissions" => "NEP");

$x->QueryFrom = '`attendance`';

$x->QueryWhere = '';

$x->DefaultSortField = '';

// hook: attendance_init

$render=TRUE;

if(function_exists('attendance_init')){

$args=array();

$render=attendance_init($x, getMemberInfo(), $args);

if($render) $x->Render();

// hook: attendance_header

$headerCode='';

if(function_exists('attendance_header')){

$args=array();

$headerCode=attendance_header($x->ContentType, getMemberInfo(),
$args);

if(!$headerCode)

include_once("$currDir/header.php");

}else{

ob_start(); include_once("$currDir/header.php");
$dHeader=ob_get_contents(); ob_end_clean();

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echo str_replace('<%%HEADER%%>', $dHeader, $headerCode);

echo $x->HTML;

// hook: attendance_footer

$footerCode='';

if(function_exists('attendance_footer')){

$args=array();

$footerCode=attendance_footer($x->ContentType, getMemberInfo(), $args);

if(!$footerCode)

include_once("$currDir/footer.php");

}else{

ob_start(); include_once("$currDir/footer.php"); $dFooter=ob_get_contents();

ob_end_clean();

echo str_replace('<%%FOOTER%%>', $dFooter, $footerCode);

?>

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CHAPTER 6:
TEST CASES

Sl.no Input Expected Actual Remarks

Output Output
1 If Mail id and If Mail id and password is Yes
Example password is valid login valid login to Main page
Enter login mail id to Main page
Enter Password
If Mail id and Remains in the same page
password is not valid NO
It shows pop up
message to enter
correct mail id and
password
2

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CHAPTER 7:
RESULTS

6.1 Login page of project

Fig6.1 Login page of project

6.2 Home page

Fig6.2 Home page

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6.3Student page

Fig6.3 Student page

6.4 Course page

Fig6.4 Course page

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6.5Admin area

Fig6.5 Admin area

6.6Attendance record page

Fig6.6 Attendance record page

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6.6 Student database page

Fig6.7 Student database page

6.8 Membership group permission

Fig6.8 Membership_grouppermission

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CONCLUSION
The Attendance Management System is developed using php, html fully meets the
System which it has been developed. The System has reached a steady state where all
bugs have been eliminated. The system is operated at a high level of efficiency and all the
teachers and user associated with the system understands its advantage. The system solves
the problem. It was intended to solve as requirement specification.

The project greatly helped in understanding the various phases in website development
and exposure to a new developer platform using php, html and database My SQL.

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FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
Although the project work has been done in a complete and detailed manner but due
to the constraints of time, we could not include some more feature we wanted to. We left
these features as a part of the future development. As soon as we‘ll get time we’ll try to
add them to my project.

 Bar code reader-based attendance system.

 Individual attendance system with photo using student login.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
References
URL’S:
[1] www.w3schools.com

[2] www.tutorialspoint.com/mysql/

Reference Books:
[1] Elmasri Navathe - “Fundamentals of Database System “, 2017[7th Edition]

[2] Ramakrishnan and Gehrke - “Database Management

System” 2014[3rd Edition]

[3] Bipin Desai – “An Introduction to Database System “

[4] Thomas A. Powell – “HTML and XHTML: The Complete Reference”

[5] Kevin Yank – “PHP & MySQL Novice to Ninja “

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