,

Vocabulary for
for IeLTS
advanced

By Saidbek Ikromov
 Unit – 1
“Character, psychology”
New words Pronun Meaning in Uzbek Form Definition
ciation
Eccentric ɪkˈsentrɪk g’alati, (qiziq, g’alati adj. considered by other people to
harakter/kiyim) be strange or unusual
Stray streɪ daydi (hayvon) adj. (of animals normally kept as pets)
away from home and lost
Bump bʌmp urulib ketmoq, urib olmoq, verb to hit or knock against something.
turtulib ketmoq (panda) Tim was clumsy boy, always
bumping into the furniture
Trip trɪp qoqilib tushmoq, qoqilmoq verb lose balance

Miserable mɪzrəbl g’amgin, hayotdan zerikkan adj. extremely unhappy, because you
feel lonely, cold or badly treated.B2
Apprehensive æprɪˈhen havotir olish, hayajonlanish, adj. Someone who is apprehensive is afraid
sɪv that something bad may happen.
yomon tarafini o’ylaydigan
Assertive əˈsɜːtɪv dadil, ishonch bilan adj. someone who behaves confidently
and is not frightened to say what
they want or believe.
Cynical sɪnɪkl o’z manfaatini ko’zlab ish adj. believing that people only do things to
help themselves rather than for good or
tutadigan, hechkimga
honest reasons C1
ishonmaydigan
Egotist iːɡəʊɪst egoist noun also egoist

Gullible ɡʌləbl go’l, sodda, laqma adj. a gullible person is easy to trick

Self- self uyaatchang, boshqala nima adj. nervous or embarrassed about your
conscious ˈkɒnʃəs derkin deydigan appearance or what other people
think of you
Sensible sensəbl mulohazali adj. (of people and their behaviour) able to
make good judgements based on
reason and experience rather than
emotion; practical B1
Tactful tæktfl xafa qilib qo’ymaslikka adj. someone who is tactful is very
harakat qiladigan, careful in the way that they
speak and behave
xushmuomala
Well-liked wel laɪkt ko’pchilikga yoqadigan adj. liked by many people, popular

Self- self o’zi bilan o’zi ovora, adj. only thinking about or interested
absorbed əbˈzɔːbd boshqalar bilan ishi yo’q in yourself
Self-assured self o’ziga ishongan adj. having a lot of confidence in
əˈʃʊəd yourself and your abilities
Self-centred self faqat o’zini o’ylaydigan adj. tending to think only about yourself
ˈsentəd and not thinking about the needs or
feelings of other people

2
Self- self o’zini o’zi xursand adj. showing that you think you have
kənˌɡrætʃə done something very well and are
congratulatory ˈleɪtəri qiladigan
pleased with yourself
Self- self o’zini past sanash adj. trying to make yourself, your abilities,
ˈdeprəkeɪtɪ or your achievements seem less
deprecating ŋ important
Self-reliant self mustaqil adj. able to do or decide things by yourself,
rɪˈlaɪənt rather than depending on other people
for help
Well- wel o’zini o’zi boshqara adj. (of a person) able to deal with
adjusted əˈdʒʌstɪd oladigan people, problems and life in
general in a normal, sensible way
Well-bred wel ˈbred odobli, tarbiyali (old adj. having or showing good manners;
fashioned) typical of a high social class
Well- brɔːt yaxshi tarbiya ko’rgan adj. a child who is well-brought-up has
been taught to be polite and to behave
brought-up well
Well- wel yaxshi/yetarlicha adj. having or showing knowledge or
informed ɪnˈfɔːmd ma’lumotga ega information about many subjects or
about one particular subject
Well- wel odobli, tarbiyali adj. having good manners
mannered ˈmænəd
Well- wel ser qirra, ko’p mahoratli adj. having a variety of experiences and
ˈraʊndɪd abilities and a fully developed personality
rounded
Irritate ɪrɪteɪt jahlini chiqarmoq verb make angry

life and soul səʊl davrani qizdiradigan odam, phrase someone who enjoys social
of the party u siz qizig’ o’tmaydigan occasions and is fun and exciting to
be with
Bubbly bʌbli (har doim) xursand, asosan adj. (of a person) always cheerful,
qizlaga nisbatan friendly and enthusiastic
Clash klæʃ zid bo’lmoq verb fight, a short fight between two groups
of people, an argument between two
people or groups of people who have
different beliefs and ideas C1
look down on daʊn past nazar bilan qaramoq phrase to think that you are better than
sb/sth somebody
Superiority suːˌpɪəriˈ yaxshiroq/kuchliroq bo’lish noun the state or quality of being better,
ɒrəti more powerful, greater, etc. than
others
Disrupt dɪsˈrʌpt uzilib qolish (vaqtinchaga) verb to prevent sth, especially a system
C1
Tend to tend moyil bo’lish be likely to

Fidget fɪdʒɪt (asabiylashib yoki o’ynab) verb to keep moving your body, your
(ruchkani) yoki nimanidir hands or your feet because you
are nervous, bored, excited, etc.
likkilatash
Talkative tɔːkətɪv sergap,vaysaqi adj. liking to talk a lot

3
Clumsy klʌmzi beso’naqay, qo’pol adj. moving or doing things in a way that is
not smooth or steady or careful
Anxious æŋkʃəs hayajonlanmoq, xavotir adj. feeling worried or nervous B2
olmoq, bezovtalanmoq
Commitment kəˈmɪtm majburiyat, va’da noun a promise to do something or to
ənt behave in a particular way B2
Bully bʊli 1-kuzr, mushtimzo’r noun a person who uses their strength
Peer pɪə(r) tengdosh noun a person who is the same age
Cheerful tʃɪəfl xursand, quvnoq adj. happy, and showing it by the way
that you behave B1
Inseparable ɪnˈseprəblajralmas adj. not able to be separated
Charming tʃɑːmɪŋ maftunkor, jozibali, istarasi adj. very pleasant or attractive
issiq
Inherent ɪnˈherənt merosiy harakter
character kærəktə
Reflect rɪˈflekt aks ettirmoq verb to show the image of somebody/something
on the surface of something such as a
mirror, water or glass
Indecisive ɪndɪˈsaɪsɪv qatiyatsiz, ikkilangan adj. not able to make decisions quickly
and effectively
Lack læk ishonch yetishmasligi
kɒnfɪdəns
confidence
Dedication dedɪˈkeɪʃn fidokorlik, o’zini noun the hard work and effort that somebody
puts into an activity or a purpose because
bag’ishlash they think it is important C1
Trait treɪt o’ziga xos noun a particular quality in your
xususiyat/xislat/jihat personality B2
Perceive pəˈsiːv payqamoq, sezmoq, his verb to understand or think of sb/sth
etmoq in a particular way B2

4
 Unit – 2
“Time, change”
New words Pronun Meaning in Uzbek Form Definition
ciation
Pioneer paɪəˈnɪə( yangilik yaratuvchi, noun a person who is the first to study
r) and develop a particular area of
birinchi bo’lib boshlagan
knowledge, culture, etc. C1
Remnant remnənt qoldiq, sarqit noun a part of something that is left after
the other parts have been used,
removed, destroyed, etc.
Retrospect retrəspek in retrospect (o’tmishga verb thinking about a past event or
t situation
nazar tashlasak)
Status quo steɪtəs ayni paytdagi holat, mavqe noun the situation as it is now
ˈkwəʊ
Abrupt əˈbrʌpt bexosdan, qo’qqisdan adj. sudden and unexpected, often
in an unpleasant way
Bygone baɪɡɒn ancha oldin sodir bo’lgan adj. happening or existing a long
time ago [only before noun]
Fleeting fliːtɪŋ qisqa, bir oz, tezda adj. lasting only a short time [only
before noun]
Immense ɪˈmens katta (g’oyat), ulkan adj. extremely large or great C1

Infinitesimal ɪnfɪnɪˈtes juda ham kichkina adj. extremely small

ɪml
Moderate mɒdərət o’rtacha, o’rtamiyona adj. that is neither very good, large, hot,
etc. nor very bad, small, cold, etc.
C1
Periodic pɪəriˈɒdɪ vaqt-vaqti bilan bo’ladigan adj. happening fairly often and
k regularly
Preceding prɪˈsiːdɪŋ oldingi, avvalgi adj. happening before something

Prehistoric priːhɪˈstɒ juda eskicha, zamondan adj. connected with the time in history
rɪk before information was written
qolgan
down
Profound prəˈfaʊn ulkan, katta, juda og’ir adj. very great; felt or experienced
d very strongly C1
Topical tɒpɪkl ayni paytda bo’layotgan adj. connected with something that is
happening or of interest at the
voqealar
present time
Tremendous trəˈmend juda ko’p/katta adj. very great C1
əs

5
Turbulent tɜːbjələnt katta o’zgarishli o’ng’ir adj. in which there is a lot of sudden
cho’ng’ir, notekis change
Pressed for prest yetishmasligi (pulni yoki phrase
time vaqtni)
Have the laɪf maza qilmoq, rohatlanmoq phrase
time of your
life
Have time on hændz qiladigan ishi yo’q, phrase
your hands bekorchi
In the blink blɪŋk aɪ ko’z ochib yumguncha phrase
of an aye
Excavate ekskəveɪt qazilma ishlarini olib verb to dig in the ground to look for old
buildings or objects that have been
bormoq, olib bormoq
buried for a long time
Maintain meɪnˈteɪ saqlab kelmoq, davom verb to make something continue at the
n same level, standard, etc. B2
ettirmoq (shu zaylda)
Hindsight haɪnds bo’lar ish bo’lgandan keyin noun the understanding that you have of
a situation only after it has
aɪt xatoni tushunish, nima
happened and that means you
bo’lishi endi malum would have done things in a
bo’lishi different way
Charcoal tʃɑːkəʊl pista ko’mir noun Charcoal is used as a fuel or for
drawing.
Altogether ɔːltəˈɡeð butunlay, umuman, to’liq adv. completely; in every way B2
ə(r)
the process by which the surface of
Erosion ɪˈrəʊʒn yemirilish noun
something is gradually destroyed
through the action of wind, rain, etc.
Looter luːtə(r) talon-taroj qiluvchi noun a person who steals things from
shops or buildings after a riot,
fire, etc.
Modest mɒdɪst uncha qimmat yoki muhim adj. not very large, expensive,
emas important, etc. B2
Gradual ɡrædʒuəl asta sekin adj. happening slowly over a long
period; not sudden
Extraordinary ɪkˈstrɔːd kutilmagan (g’ayritabiiy, adj. unexpected, surprising or
nri strange B2
o’zgacha)
Minor maɪnə(r) kichik adj. not very large, important or
serious
Drastic dræstɪk keskin,qatiy, qattiq adj. extreme in a way that has a sudden,
serious or violent effect on something

6
Major meɪdʒə(r asosiy adj. very large or important A2
)

Smooth smuːð silliq, tekis adj. completely flat and even, without
any rough areas or holes

Witness wɪtnəs guvoh adj. a person who sees something happen

and is able to describe it to other
people
Surveillance sɜːˈveɪlə kuzatish noun the act of carefully watching a
ns person suspected of a crime C1
Drag on dræɡ cho’zilib ketish phrase to go on for too long
Pressed prest yetishmaslik adj. pressed for time/money, you
mean not enough
Dwell dwel istiqomat qilmoq, verb to live somewhere
yashamoq
Yield jiːld keltirib chiqarmoq verb the total amount of crops, profits,
(natijani), ishlab chiqarmoq etc. that are produced C1
Fleck flek zarra, parcha noun a small piece of something

Conserve kənˈsɜːv asramoq, saqlamoq verb to protect something and prevent it

from being changed or destroyed
On the verge vɜːdʒ arafasida phrase very near to the moment when
(of) sth somebody does something
Contemporary kənˈtemp zamonaviy, hozirgi adj. belonging to the same time B2
rəri
Reflect rɪˈflekt aks ettirmoq, (biror narsa verb to show the image of
somebody/something on the surface of
haqida chuqur o’ylamoq) something such as a mirror, water or
glass
Minute mai’nju:t juda kichkina adj. small a minute amount/quantity

Sweeping swiːpɪŋ keng miqyosidagi, ulkan adj. having an important effect on a

ko’lamli large part of something
Drastic dræstɪk keskin, qattiy adj. extreme in a way that has a sudden,
serious or violent effect on
something
Reversal rɪˈvɜːsl butunlay o’zgarish, noun a change of something so that it
(to’sqinlik) is the opposite of what it was
Marked mɑːkt yaqqol, sezilarli adj. easy to see

Level off/out levl muallaq turmoq, o’zgarmay phrase to stop rising or falling and
turmoq remain level
Immerse ɪˈmɜːs botirmoq verb to put somebody/something
into a liquid
a liquid in which something is dissolved (=
Solution səˈluːʃn 4. eritma, qorishma noun mixed in so that it forms part of the liquid)

7
Tease sth tiːz kamsitish, ajratib olish sth ni phrase to laugh at somebody and make
jokes about them
Afar əˈfɑː(r) uzoqdan, olisdan adv. from a long distance away

Glean ɡliːn ma’lumot to’plamoq verb to collect information

Shed light ʃed oydinlik kiritmoq, yoritmoq phrase to make easier to understand
Minuscule mɪnəskju kichkina, mayda adj. extremely small
ːl
Perishables perɪʃəblz tez ayniydigan plural product or food that decay
quickly
noun
Frayed freɪd titilgan, qipig’i chiqib adj. (of cloth) with threads in it that
are starting to come apart
ketgan (kiyimga)
Withstand wɪðˈstæn bardosh bermoq verb a bridge designed to withstand
d earthquake
Rigour rɪɡə(r) ziyraklik noun the fact of being careful and
paying great attention to detail
unc.
Fungus fʌŋɡəs zamburug’ noun an organism (= a living thing) that is
similar to a plant without leaves,
flowers or green coloring, and that
usually grows on plants or
on decaying matter.
Degrade dɪˈɡreɪd kamsitmoq verb to show or treat somebody in a
way that makes them seem not
worth any respect
Arid ærɪd juda quruqlik, cho’llik adj. having little or no rain; very dry

Burgeoning bɜːdʒənɪ jadal rivojlanayotgan adj. developing quickly

ŋ
Remarkable rɪˈmɑːkə diqqatga sazovor, ajoyib, adj. unusual or surprising in a way
bl that causes people to take
misli ko’rilmagan
notice B2
Yarn jɑːn g’altak, kalava noun thread that has been spun, used
for knitting
Infer ɪnˈfɜː(r) xulosa qilmoq, nazarda verb to reach an opinion
tutmoq
Scrap skræp parcha, bo’lak noun a small piece of something,
especially paper, cloth, etc.
Mound maʊnd do’ng, tepalik noun a large pile of earth or stones; a
small hill
[uncountable] (of a person) the fact
Presence prezns mavjud, borlik noun
of being in a particular place B2
Affix əˈfɪks yopishtirmoq verb to stick something

Cache kæʃ ombor (yashirin qurol) noun a hidden store of things such as
weapons

8
Fixative fɪksətɪv rang o’chishini yoki hidni noun a substance that is used to prevent
colours or smells from changing or
yo’qotish moddasi
becoming weaker, for example in
photography, art or the making
of perfume
Colour fast kʌlə fɑːst rangi o’chmaydigan adj. will not lose colour when it is
washed
Mummy mʌmi mummiyo noun a body of a human or an animal
that has been mummified
Votive vəʊtɪv shukuronalik bilan adj. presented to a god as a sign of
thanks
(qurbonlik qilish)
Hawk hɔːk qirg’iy noun a strong fast bird of prey

Embalm ɪmˈbɑːm mumiyolamoq verb to prevent a dead body

from decaying
Beeswax biːzwæks mum, (yog’) noun a yellow sticky substance that is
produced by bees and is used
especially for making
Resin rezɪn ba’zi o’simlikdan oqib noun a thick sticky liquid that comes
out of some trees
chiqib qotib qoladigan shira
Counterpoint kaʊntəpɔ o’xshatish , taqqoslash noun an effective or interesting
ɪnt contrast
Skew skjuː buzib/no’to’gri ko’rsatish verb to change or influence
something with the result that it
is not accurate, fair, normal, etc.
Comprise kəmˈpraɪ - dan tashkil topmoq verb to have somebody/something as
z parts or members SYN consist of
Assert əˈsɜːt aniq gapirmoq verb to state clearly and definitely
that something is true C1
Expertise ekspɜːˈtiː bilim va tajriba, mahorat noun expert knowledge or skill in a
z particular subject, activity or job
In no time taɪm juda tezda phrase so soon or so quickly that it is
surprising
For hours aʊə to’xtovsiz phrase
and hours at
a time
Make the məʊst maksimal/unumli phrase
most of sth foydalanish
Constantly kɒnstəntl muntazam adv. all the time; repeatedly
i
Conduct kənˈdʌkt tadqiqot olib borish phrase
research
Shore ʃɔː(r) qirg’oq noun the land along the edge of the
sea, the ocean or a lake B2
Dig dɪɡ qazish verb to make a hole in the ground B2

9
Layer leɪə(r) qatlam, qavat noun a quantity or sheet of something
that lies over a surface
Vital vaɪtl muhim adj. necessary or essential

Fade feɪd hiralashmoq verb to become or to make

something become paler or less
bright C1
Profound prəˈfaʊn ulkan, katta adj. very great; felt or experienced
d very strongly
Transition trænˈzɪʃn o’tish, o’zgarish noun the process or a period of
changing from one state or
condition to another
Hardship hɑːdʃɪp qiyinchilik noun a situation that is difficult and
unpleasant because you do not have
enough money, food, clothes, etc.
Strand strænd tola, qil noun a single thin piece of thread,
wire, hair C1
Fragile frædʒaɪl nozik, nimjon adj. easily broken or damaged

Seal siːl bosish, pechat qo’yish, verb to close an envelope, etc. by

sticking the edges of the
(tyulen)
opening together C1
Enable ɪˈneɪbl imkoniyat bermoq verb to give a chance B2

Feather feðə(r) pat noun parts covering a bird’s body

Last an ɪˈtɜːnəti butunlayga muhrlab qo’yish phrase

eternity
Value væljuː qiymat noun how much something is worth in
money
Spare time speə bo’sh vaqt noun
Instant ɪnstənt bir zumda adj. [usually before noun] happening
immediately B2
Burry beri ko’mmoq verb to place a dead body in the
ground
Sediment sedɪmənt cho’kma, cho’kindi noun the solid material that settles at
the bottom of a liquid
Destruction dɪˈstrʌkʃ vayron qilish noun the act of destroying something
n
Resist rɪˈzɪst qarshilik qilmoq verb to refuse to accept something
and try to stop it from happening
B2
Shift ʃɪft siljitmoq, ko’chirmoq noun a period of time worked by a
group of workers who start work
as another group finishes
Steady stedi bir maromda adj. gradually

Alter ɔːltə(r) o’zgarmoq, o’zgartirmoq verb to become different; to make

somebody/something different
Deterioration dɪˌtɪəriəˈ yomonlashish noun the fact or process of becoming
reɪʃn worse
10
Reveal rɪˈviːl oshkor qilmoq verb to make something known to
somebody b2
Bark bɑːk daraxt po’stlog’i noun the outer layer of a tree

Scholar skɒlə(r) olim, donishmand, ulamo noun a person who knows a lot about
a particular subject because
they have studied it in detail B2
Chore tʃɔː(r) yumush, ish noun a task that you do regularly

Eternity ɪˈtɜːnəti abadiylik noun time without end

Ancestor ænsestə(r ajdod noun a person in your family who

) lived a long time ago B2
Beneath bɪˈniːθ ostida, tubida prepos under somebody/something C1

Site saɪt biror binoning belgilangan noun a place where a building, town,
etc. was, is or will be located
joyi, tomon
Temporary temprəri vaqtinchalik adj. lasting or intended to last or be
used only for a short time B2
Transformation trænsfəˈ shaklini/tusini o’zgartirish noun a complete change
meɪʃn
Thread θred ip, tola noun a thin string of cotton, wool, silk

Fibre faɪbə(r) tola noun a material such as cloth or rope

that is made from a mass of
natural or artificial threads C1
Tomb tuːm maqbara, qabr noun a large grave (= where a dead
person is buried)
Weave wiːv to’qimoq verb to make cloth, a carpet, a basket,
etc. C1
Fur fɜː(r) mo’yna, teri, jun noun the soft thick mass of hair that
grows on the body of some
animals B1
Twist twɪst bukmoq verb to bend or turn something into a
particular shape C1
Tribe traɪb qabila noun a social group in a traditional
society consisting of people with
the same language, culture,
religion, etc. B2

11
 Unit – 3
“Individuality, community”
New words Pronun Meaning in Uzbek Form Definition
ciation
Minority maɪˈnɒrəti kamhcilik, kam sonli (guruh) noun the smaller part of a group B2
Pressure preʃə(r) bosish, bosim, ezish noun the force you produce when you
press something C2
Antisocial æntiˈsəʊʃl
qo’rs, odamovi, odamlarga adj. harmful or annoying to other
qo’shilmaydigan people, or to society in general
Conservative kənˈsɜːvə eskicha, SSR odamlari adj. not usually liking or trusting change,
tɪv especially sudden change C1

Conventional kənˈvenʃ oddiy, soda, ana’naviy adj. traditional and ordinary B2

ənl
Harmonious hɑːˈməʊ ahil, hamohang, uzviy adj. friendly, peaceful and without any
niəs bog’liq arguments
Influential ɪnfluˈenʃl ta’sir o’tkaza oladigan, adj. having a lot of influence on
nufuzli somebody/something C1
Suburban səˈbɜːbən shahar atrofidagi adj. suburban schools/housing C1

Unconventional ʌnkənˈve noodatiy, o’zgacha, adj. different and interesting

nʃənl yangicha
Conform kənˈfɔːm talabga javob bermoq, verb to behave according to the usual
muvofiq bo’lmoq standards of behaviour that are
expected by a group or society
Exclude ɪkˈskluːd kirishga/ishtirok verb to deliberately not include
etishga/qo’shilishiga yo’l something B2
qo’ymaslik
Obey əˈbeɪ itoat qilmoq, bo’ysinmoq verb to do what you are told or
expected to do
Skew skjuː no’to’g’ri qilmoq, aniqligini verb to change or influence something with
the result that it is not accurate, fair,
pasaytirmoq normal, etc.
Individuality ɪndɪˌvɪdʒ o’ziga xoslik, alohida jihat verb the qualities that make
uˈæləti somebody/something different from
other people or things (Singular)
if someone or something blends in with
Blend in blend aralashib ketmoq, singib phrase
people or objects, they match them or are
(with) ketmoq similar, and you do not notice them С1
Stand out stænd alohida ajralib turmoq, phrase to be very easy to see or notice
ko’zga tashlanib turmoq
Fit in (with) fɪt toifag mos bo’lmoq, phrase if someone fits in, they are accepted by
the other people in a group
guruhga loyiq bo’lmoq

12
Opt out (of ɒpt qatnashmaslikni/qilmaslikni phrase to choose not to take part in
sth) /qo’shilmaslikni tanlamoq something С1

Drop out (of drɒp boshqa qatnashmaslik, phrase to no longer do

sth) o’qishni an activity or belong to a group
tashlamoq/to’xtatmoq
Maintain meɪnˈteɪ bir xil davom ettirmoq verb to make something continue at
n the same level, standard, etc.

Participate pɑːˈtɪsɪpe qatnashmoq, ishtirok etmoq verb to take part in or become

ɪt involved in an activity

Noticeable nəʊtɪsəbl sezilarli, yaqqol ko’rinib adj. easy to see or notice; clear or
turgan definite

Rather rɑːðə(r) (ko’pincha salbiy va adv. fairly or to some degree

yoqimsiz holatlada)
anchagina, juda
Reject rɪˈdʒekt yuz o’girmoq, verb to refuse to accept or consider
moslashmaslik something

Consider kənˈsɪdə( ko’rib chiqmoq, o’ylab verb to think about something

r) ko’rmoq carefully, especially in order to
make a decision
Dissociate dɪˈsəʊsie qo’shilmaslik, ajratmoq, verb to make it publicly known that you
ɪt aloqasini uzmoq are not in any way connected to

Abandon əˈbændə tashlab ketmoq, voz verb to leave somebody, especially

somebody you are responsible for,
n kechmoq, yuz o’girmoq with no intention of returning B2
Assimilate əˈsɪməleɪ to’liq anglab yetmoq, verb to fully understand an idea or
t tushunib yetmoq. some information so that you
are able to use it yourself
(yangi mamlakatga)
moslashib/qo’shilib ketmoq
Approve əˈpruːv ma’qullamoq, rozilik verb to think that somebody/something
bildirmoq is good, acceptable or suitable B2

Establish ɪˈstæblɪʃ Asos solmoq, yo’lga verb to start or create an

qo’ymoq, shakllanitirmoq organization, a system, etc. B2

Pattern pætn tarz, shakl, (naqsh) noun the regular way in which
something happens or is done

Towards təˈwɔːdz -ga nisbatan prepos in the direction of

somebody/something

Stereotype steriətaɪp no’to’g’ri noun idea or image which is often not

tushuncha/tassavur/qarrash true in reality C1

Self- self o’zini vayron qiladigan, adj. doing things to deliberately

dɪˈstrʌktɪ harm yourself
destructive v
o’ziga ziyon yetkazadogan

13
Steadily stedəli bir maromda, bir tekis adv. gradually and in an even and
regular way B2
to develop gradually, especially from a
Evolve ɪˈvɒlv shakllantirmoq verb
simple to a more complicated form

to start to use a particular method or to

Adopt əˈdɒpt asrab olmoq, yo’lga verb
show a particular attitude towards
qo’ymoq, tatbiq etmoq somebody/something B2
Flaunt flɔːnt ko’z-ko’z qilmoq verb to show something you are proud of to
other people, in order to impress them

Heavily hevɪli ko’p miqdorda, og’ir adv. to a great degree; in large

darajada amounts

Seek siːk izlamoq, qidirmoq verb to look for something/somebody

Open- əʊpən dunyo qarashi keng adj. willing to listen to, think about or
minded ˈmaɪndɪd accept different ideas

Association əˌsəʊsiˈe birlashma, uyushma noun an official group of people who have
ɪʃn joined together for a particular purpose

Bill bɪl to’lov, harajat, sho’t noun a document that shows how much you owe
somebody for goods or services

Dull dʌl zerikarli, qiziqarsiz adj. not interesting or exciting

a door, gate, passage, etc. used for

Entrance entrəns kirish, kiraverish, dahliz noun
entering a room, building or place

Rebel rebl isyonchi, qarshi chiquvchi noun a person who fights against the
government of their country C1

Against əˈɡenst qarama-qarshi prepos opposing or disagreeing

Vibrant vaɪbrənt jo’shqin, zavqli, yorqin adj. full of life and energy C1

Close-knit kləʊs ˈnɪt qadrdon adj. having strong relationships with

each other and taking a close

Decline dɪˈklaɪn pasayish,kamayish noun to become smaller, fewer,

weaker, etc.

Induction ɪnˈdʌkʃn tanishtirish, tayinlash noun the process of introducing somebody

to a new job, skill, organization, etc.; a
(marosimi) ceremony at which this takes place
Undergo ʌndəˈɡəʊ boshidan o’tkazmoq verb to experience something, especially a
change or something unpleasant

care that you take in order to avoid

Caution kɔːʃn ehtiyotkorlik, ogohlik, noun
danger or mistakes; the fact of not
ehtiyot taking any risks

14
Coarsen kɔːsn dag’allashmoq verb to become or make something
become thicker and/or rougher

Censure senʃə(r) ayblamoq, yomonlamoq verb strong criticism

Partial pɑːʃl qisman adj. not complete or whole C1

an object that has been wrapped in

Parcel pɑːsl posilka SYN: package noun
paper or put in a special envelope,
especially so that it can be sent by post
Chic ʃiːk bashang, orasta adj. the quality of being fashionable
and attractive
a person whose job is to drive a car,
Chauffeur ʃəʊfə(r) shafyor noun
especially for somebody rich or important

Furnish fɜːnɪʃ jihozlamoq verb to put furniture in a house,

room, etc.
a space surrounded on all sides by
Furnace fɜːnɪs pechka, pech noun
walls and a roof for heating metal or
glass to very high temperatures

Subtle sʌtl xira, noaniq, bilinar- adj. not very obvious or easy to
bilinmas notice C1

Shuttle ʃʌtl yo’nalish bo’ylab noun a plane, bus or train that travels
qatnaydigan avtobus, regularly between two places
transport
Crust krʌst qatlam, qobiq noun the hard outer surface of bread

Seal siːl tyulen noun a large sea animal that eats fish
and lives around coasts
a large piece of metal or leather carried
Shield ʃiːld qalqon noun
by soldiers in the past to protect the
body when fighting
a red-brown substance that is formed on
Rust rʌst zang noun
some metals by the action of water and air

Rushed rʌʃt shoshib qilingan adj. done too quickly or made to do

something too quickly

Sip sɪp ho’plab/qultumlab ichmoq verb to drink something, taking a very

small amount each time
a large boat
Ship ʃɪp qayiq verb

Extent ɪkˈstent daraja, ko’lam, miqyos noun how large, important, serious,
etc. something is

15
Especially ɪˈspeʃəli ayniqsa, hammasidan ham adv. more with one person, thing,
etc.

Comparison kəmˈpær solishtirish, qiyoslash noun [uncountable] the process of

ɪsn comparing two or more people
or things
Customize kʌstəm moslashtirish verb to make or change something to
suit the needs of the owner
aɪz
No man is an aɪlənd hechkim odamlardan ajralib saying
island hayot kechira olmaydi,
hamma bir-biriga bog’liq
Mores mɔːreɪz qadriyatlar plural the customs and behaviour that
noun are considered typical of a
particular social group
Label leɪbl yorliq yopishtirish verb a piece of paper, etc. that is
attached to something and that
gives information about it B1
Inevitably ɪnˈevɪtə bo’lishi muqarar adv. as is certain to happen B2
bli
Shun ʃʌn o’zini obqochish verb to avoid somebody/something

Ironically aɪˈrɒnɪk piching qilib gapirish adv. in a way that shows that you
li really mean the opposite of what
you are saying C1
Crush krʌʃ majaqlamoq, ezmoq verb to press something so hard that
it is damaged or injured, or
loses its shape C1
Mainstream meɪnst hammada shakllangan bir- noun the ideas and opinions that are
xil qarash thought to be normal because
riːm they are shared by most people
C1
Consumption kənˈsʌ istemol noun the act of using energy, food or
materials; the amount used B2
mpʃn
Ensure ɪnˈʃʊə(r taminlash, ishoch hosil verb to make sure that something
qilmoq (make sure) happens or is definite B2
)
Preserve prɪˈzɜːv saqlash verb to keep a particular quality,
feature, etc.; to make sure that
something is kept B2
Force fɔːs majburlash noun [uncountable] violent physical
action used to obtain or achieve
something B1
Lead to liːd olib keldi (shu holatgacha) phrase to be an introduction to or the
cause of something

Exclude ɪkˈskluː Chiqarib tashlash verb to deliberately not include

something in what you are doing
d or considering

16
Include ɪnˈkluːd O’z ichiga olish verb if one thing includes another, it
has the second thing as one of
its parts
Second- sekənd ishlatilgan adj. not new; owned by somebody
else before
hand ˈhænd

17
 Unit – 4
“Chemistry, medicine”
New words Pronun Meaning in Uzbek Form Definition
ciation
Compound kɒmpaʊn aralashma, qorishma, noun a thing consisting of two or more
d separate things combined
together B2
Consequence kɒnsɪkw oqibat, natija, ta’sir noun a result of something that has
əns happened, especially an unpleasant
result B1
Deserve dɪˈzɜːv munosib bo’lmoq, loyiq verb to do something or show qualities that
mean a particular reaction, reward or
bo’lmoq (arzimoq) punishment is appropriate B2
Dose dəʊs doza, miqdor (doriniki) noun an amount of a medicine or a
drug that is taken once C1
Emission ɪˈmɪʃn ajralib chiqgan narsa/modda noun the production or sending out of
issiqlik light, heat, gas, etc. B2
Exposure ɪkˈspəʊʒ qarovsiz qoldirish noun the state of being in a place or situation
ə(r) where there is no protection from
something harmful or unpleasant B2
Food chain fuːd ovqat zanjiri noun a series of living creatures in which
each type of creature feeds on the
tʃeɪn one below it in the series
Interaction ɪntərˈækʃ o’zaro muloqot noun the act of communicating with
n somebody, especially while you
work, play or spend time with
them B2
Pesticide pestɪsaɪd zararkunandalaga qarshi noun a chemical used for killing pests,
ishlatiladigan kimyoviy especially insects
vosita
Protein prəʊtiːn oqsil noun one of several natural substances that
exist in food such as meat, eggs, and
beans, and which your body needs in
order to grow and remain strong and
healthy B2
Contagious kənˈteɪdʒ (kasalliklarga nisbatan) noun a contagious disease spreads by
əs yuqumli close contact between people
Contaminated kənˈtæmɪ bulg’angan, ifloslangan noun to make a substance or place dirty or
neɪt no longer pure by adding a substance
that is dangerous or carries disease
Controversial kɒntrəˈv baxs-munozarali, adj. causing a lot of angry public
ɜːʃl discussion and disagreement B2
Crucial kruːʃl juda muhim, asosiy, hal adj. extremely important B2
qiladigan
Organic ɔːˈɡænɪk tabiiy, kimyoviy adj. produced or practised without
aralashmasiz using artificial chemicals B2

18
Petrochemical petrəʊˈke benzindan olingan mahsulot noun any chemical substance
mɪkl obtained from petroleum oil
Absorb əbˈzɔːb shimib olmoq, singdirmoq verb to take in a liquid, gas or other
substance from the surface or
space around B2
Contaminate kənˈtæmɪ bulg’amoq, ifloslamoq verb to make a substance or place
neɪt dirty
to let somebody come out of a place
Release rɪˈliːs ozod qilmoq, xalos etmoq verb
where they have been kept or stuck
and unable to leave or move B1
Household haʊshəʊl xo’jalik, oila, xonadon noun all the people living together in a
d house or flat B2
Stand for stænd qisqartmasi, anglatmoq phrase to be an abbreviation or symbol
of something
Coal kəʊl ko’mir noun a hard black mineral that is
found below the ground and
burnt to produce heat B1
Breathe out nafas chiqarmoq phrase to send air out of your lungs
through your nose or mouth
Crop krɒp ekin, hosil noun [countable] a plant that is grown
in large quantities, especially as
food B2
Leaf liːf barg noun [countable] a flat green part of a
plant, growing from a stem or
branch or from the root B1
Derive dɪˈraɪv olmoq, erishmoq verb to get something, especially an
advantage or a pleasant feeling,
from something
Abbreviation əˌbriːviˈe qisqartma noun [countable] abbreviation (of/for
ɪʃn something) a short form of a
word, etc.
Aerosol eərəsɒl gaz bn to’ldirilgan sepib 0noun a liquid such as paint
or hairspray that is kept under
ishlatiladigan tunika idish pressure in a metal container and
released as a spray
njuːkliə(r
enlarge image

Nuclear atom, yadro adj. using, producing or resulting

) from nuclear energy B1

Mould məʊld qolip noun a container that you pour a

liquid or soft substance into
Unwanted ʌnˈwɒntɪ xush ko’rilmagan, adj. that you do not want
d istalmagan
Leading liːdɪŋ bosh, yetakchi, ilg’or adj. most important or most
successful B1
Expose ɪkˈspəʊz oshkor /fosh qilmoq verb to show something that is
usually hidden B2
Substance sʌbstəns modda,(mohiyat, asos) noun [countable] a type of solid, liquid or
gas that has particular qualities B1
Seldom seldəm goh-gohida, kamdan-kam adv. not often C1

19
Via vaɪə orqali prepos through a place B2

Mining maɪnɪŋ kon sanoati, konchilik noun [uncountable] the process of

getting coal and other minerals
from under the ground; the industry
involved in this C1
Caution kɔːʃn ehtiyotkorlik, ogohlik noun [uncountable] care that you take
in order to avoid danger or
mistakes; the fact of not taking
any risks C1
Sufficient səˈfɪʃnt yetarlicha, kifoya adj. enough for a particular purpose;
as much as you need B2
Potential pəˈtenʃl salohiyatli,kelajakda adj. [only before noun] that can
bo’lishi mumkun bo’lgan develop into something or be
developed in the future B2
Proper prɒpə(r) to’g’ri keladigan, mos adj. right, appropriate or correct;
according to the rules B1
Notion nəʊʃn tushuncha, fikr, qarash noun an idea, a belief or an
understanding of something B2
Toxic tɒksɪk zaharli adj. containing poison;poisonous C1

Wide waɪd keng (eniga), keng adj. measuring a large distance from
qamrovdagi one side to the other A2
Cancerous kænsə(r) saraton, rak adj. a serious disease in
which growths of cells, also
called cancers, form in the body
and kill normal body cells. The
disease often causes death. B2
Antioxidant æntiˈɒk vitamin C yoki E kabi noun a substance such as vitamin C
modda or E that removes
sɪdənt dangerous molecules, etc., such
as free radicals from the body
Alzheimer’s æltshaɪ xotira va gapirish noun [uncountable] a serious disease,
Disease qobilyatini yoqolishiga olib especially affecting older people,
məz that prevents the brain from
keladigan kasallik functioning normally and causes
loss of memory, loss of ability to
speak clearly, etc.
Nanotechnology nænəʊte atom va molekulalar orqali noun a science which involves
kˈnɒlədʒi juda mayda narsalarni developing and making extremely
small but very powerful machines
shakllantirish
Coastline kəʊstlaɪn sohil yonidagi yer noun the land along a coast,
especially when you are thinking
of its shape or appearance
Dumping (of) dʌmpɪŋ zararli narsalarni tashlash noun [uncountable] leaving something
that you do not want in a place
that is not suitable
Vicinity vəˈsɪnəti yon-atrof noun the area around a particular place

20
Acidity əˈsɪdəti nordonlik , sho’rlik noun the state of having a bitter sharp
taste or of containing acid
Soil sɔɪl tuproq, yer noun the top layer of the earth in
which plants, trees, etc. grow B1
if a substance or activity is addictive,
Addictive əˈdɪktɪv mukkasidan ketkizadigan, adj.
it makes people unable to stop using it
odatlanib qoladigan or doing it
Useless juːsləs foydasiz, besamar, befoyda adj. not useful; not doing or achieving
what is needed or wanted B2
Disappointing dɪsəˈpɔɪn hafsalisini pir qiladigan adj. not as good, successful, etc. as you had
tɪŋ hoped; making you feel disappointed
Awful ɔːfl juda yomon yoqimsiz adj. (informal) very bad or
unpleasant
Goitre ɡɔɪtə(r) bo’qoq noun a swelling of the throat caused
by a disease of the thyroid
Intersection ɪntəsekʃn chorraxa, kesish, bo’ish noun a place where two or more
roads, lines, etc. meet or cross
each other
Enhanced ɪnˈhɑːnst kuchaygan, oshirilgan adj. (of the quality, value or status of
somebody/something) increased
or improved
Awareness əˈweənəs ogohlik , xabardor bo’lish noun knowing something; knowing
that something exists and is
important B2
Ruling ruːlɪŋ hukm, qaror noun an official decision made by
somebody in a position of
authority, especially a judge C1
to make something increase, or
Boost buːst kengaytirmoq, oshirmoq verb
become better or more successful B2
Giant dʒaɪənt ulkan, gigant noun very large B1

Annually ænjuəli har yili, yilda bir marta adv. once a year B2

Prune pruːn qora olxo’ri, olxori qoqi noun a dried plum that is often eaten
cooked
Prune pruːn butamoq, xomtok qilmoq verb

Prevent prɪˈvent oldini olmoq, saqlab verb to stop somebody from doing
qolmoq something; to stop something from
happening A2
Cereal sɪəriəl (sut qo’shib istemol noun [countable] one of various types of
grass that produce grains that can
qilinadigan) boshoqli ovqat, be eaten or are used to make flour
krupa or bread. wheat, barley and rye are
all cereals
Overseas əʊvəˈsiːz dengiz ortidan, boshqa adj. connected with foreign countries,
especially those separated from your
(olis) mamlakatlardan country by the sea or ocean
Spokesman spəʊksm vakil, nomidan gapiruvchi noun a person who speaks for a
ən group or an organization B2

21
Potassium pəˈtæsiə kaliy (kimyoviy element) noun a chemical element. Potassium is a
m soft silver-white metal that exists
mainly in compounds which are
used in industry and farming.
Gourmet ɡʊəmeɪ (taomga nisbatan) yuqori adj. (of food, wine, etc.) of high quality
sifatli, mazali and often expensive; connected
with food or wine of this type
Attribute əˈtrɪbjuːt sababli bo’lmoq verb to say or believe that something is
the result of a particular thing C1
Wellness welnəs sog’liq, sog’lom bo’lish noun the state of being healthy,
especially when you actively try
to achieve this
Widespread waɪdspre keng miqyosli adj. existing or happening over a
d large area or among many
people B2
Phenomenon fəˈnɒmɪn ajoyib hodisa, qiziq holat noun a fact or an event in nature or
ən society, especially one that is
not fully understood B2
Full-scale fʊl atroflicha, yaxshilab, adj. that is as complete and careful
batafsil as possible
ˈskeɪl
Empower ɪmˈpaʊ kuch bermoq, vakolat verb to give somebody the power or
bermoq authority to do something C1
ə(r)
Claim kleɪm talab qilmoq, talab qilmoq verb to state that something is true,
even though it has not been
proved B2
[uncountable] a hard substance that is
Coral kɒrəl marjon noun
red, pink or white in colour, and that
forms on the bottom of the sea from
the bones of very small
creatures. Coral is often used in
jewellery.
[uncountable] the act of allowing
Permission pəˈmɪʃn ruxsat, ijozat, ruxsatnoma noun
somebody to do something,
especially when this is done by
somebody in a position of authority
Violate vaɪəleɪt (qonunni) buzmoq verb (formal) to go against or refuse
to obey a law, an agreement,
etc. C1
Bewildered bɪˈwɪldə dovdirab qolgan adj. confused
d
Saturated sætʃəre shalabbo, xo’l bo’lish, adj. completely wet
ɪtɪd hamma yoqni qoplab olgan
Intake ɪnteɪk istemol, qabul qilish noun the amount of food, drink, etc.
that you take into your body C1
Coronary kɒrənri yurak qon tomirlarini adj. relating to the heart, particularly
to’silishi the arteries that take blood to the
heart
Eliminate ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt bartaraf qilmoq, olib verb to remove or get rid of
tashlamoq, qutilmoq something B2

22
Concern kənˈsɜːn aloqador bo’lmoq, taaluqli verb to affect somebody/something
B2
Spill spɪl to’kilish, to’kilgan narsa noun to flow over the edge of a
container by accident B2
Ailment eɪlmənt uncha jiddiy bo’lmagan noun an illness that is not very serious
kasallik
Heal hiːl yaxshilanish verb to become healthy again

Utterly ʌtəli mutlaqo, butunlay adv. completely C1 (used for

emphasis)
Eradicate ɪˈrædɪkeɪ tag-tugi bilan yo’q qilmoq verb to destroy or get rid of something
t completely, especially something
bad
Connote kəˈnəʊt mano bildirish, bildiradi verb to suggest a feeling, an idea, etc. as
well as the main meaning
Trickle trɪkl oqib kelmoq (sekin – asta verb to flow, or to make something
kelmoq, toldirmoq(stadion)) flow, slowly in a thin stream
Unveil ʌnˈveɪl tantanali ravishda ochmoq, verb to remove a cover or curtain
namoyish etmoq from a painting, statue, etc. so
that it can be seen in public for
the first time C1
Spike spaɪk spirt/energetika qo’shmoq verb [countable] a thin object with a
(RedBull) sharp point, especially a pointed
piece of metal, wood, etc.
Open the flʌdɡeɪt yo’l ochib bermoq phrase
floodgates
Suit suːt sud ishi noun a problem or complaint that a
person or company brings to a
court of law to be settled
Mandate mændeɪt vakolat bermoq, huquq verb the authority to do something C1
bermoq
Tune(sb/sth) tjuːn etibor qaratmaslik phrase ignore
out
Handful hændfʊl bir hovuch, siqim noun the amount of something that
can be held in one hand C1
Wording wɜːdɪŋ so’z birikma, jumla noun the words that are used in a
piece of writing or speech
Snappy snæpi jalb qiladigan, o’ziga tez adj. (informal) attractive and
tortadigan fashionable
Abundance əˈbʌndən katta miqdor, mo’lchilik noun a large quantity that is more
s than enough C1
Weed wiːd yovvoyi o’t noun [countable] a wild plant growing
where it is not wanted C1
Detergent dɪˈtɜːdʒə yuvish kukuni/moddasi, noun a liquid or powder that helps
nt parashok remove dirt, for example from
clothes or dishes
Lifespan laɪfspæn hayot davri noun the length of time that something is
likely to live, continue or function

23
Remedy remədi dori-darmon, davo noun a treatment or medicine to cure
a disease or reduce pain that is
not very serious C1
Bleach bliːtʃ oqartirmoq, xlorlamoq verb to become white or pale by a
chemical process
Fertiliser fɜːtəlaɪzə mineral o’g’it noun a substance added to soil to make
plants grow more successfully
Combat kɒmbæt infeksiyaga qarshi phrase
infection kurashish
Conceive kənˈsiːv tushunmoq, o’ylamoq, verb (formal) to form an idea, a plan,
xayoliga keltirmoq etc. in your mind C1

Efficient ɪˈfɪʃnt samarali, ta’sirli, unumli adj. doing something in a good,

careful and complete way with
no waste of time, money or
energy B2
Vigorous vɪɡərəs g’ayratli, shijoatli adj. very active, determined or full of
energy
Demand dɪˈmɑːnd talab, so’rov, ehtiyoj noun [countable] a very strong request
for something; something that
somebody needs B2
Facilitate fəˈsɪlɪte yaxshilanishga yordam verb to make an action or a process
bermoq, yaxshilamoq, possible or easier C1
ɪt
osonlashtirmoq
Determine dɪˈtɜːmɪn aniqlamoq, oydinlashtirmoq verb to discover the facts about something;
to calculate something exactly B1
Spectacular spekˈtæk ko’z yayraydigan, maza adj. very impressive B2
jələ qiladigan, juda katta, juda
ajoyib
Substantial səbˈstæn ulkan, ko’p, katta adj. large in amount, value or
ʃl importance C1
Fleet fliːt dengiz floti, flot noun [countable] a group of military
ships commanded by the same
person C1
Frontier frʌntɪə chegara chizig’i, sarhad, noun [countable] a line that separates
front,chegara two countries
Abolish əˈbɒlɪʃ bekor qilmoq, to’xtatmoq, verb to officially end a law, a system
qonundan olib tashlamoq or an institution C1
Stock stɒk manba, zaxira, baza noun a supply of goods that is
available for sale in a shop B2
Flow fləʊ oqim, kirib kelish, quyilish noun the steady and continuous B1
movement of sth/sb in one direction
Emphasize emfəsaɪz alohida urg’u bermoq, verb to give special importance to
ta’kidlamoq something B2
Relocation riːləʊˈkeɪ joyini almashtirish noun the act of moving to a new place
ʃn to work or operate

24
Labour leɪbə (jismoniy) mehnat, ish noun [uncountable] work, especially
physical work B2
Assembly əˈsembli kengash, yig’ilish noun [countable] a group of people
who have been elected to meet
together regularly and make
decisions C1
Haulage hɔːlɪdʒ (quruqlik orqali) tashish, noun [uncountable] the business of
yetkazib berish transporting goods by road or
railway
Rail reɪl temiryo’l, rels noun that form the track that trains run
on B2
Distribution dɪstrɪˈbju tarqatish, taqsimot noun [uncountable] the act of sharing
ːʃn (mahsulot ni) things among a large group of
people in a planned way B2
Imperative ɪmˈperətɪ shart, juda muhim, dolzarb adj. very important and needing immediate
v attention or action formal

Sustainable səˈsteɪn uzoq davom adj. that can continue or be

etadigan/chidaydigan, continued for a long time
əbl
zararsiz
Integrate ɪntɪɡreɪ kirishib ketmoq, qo’shilib verb to combine two or more things
ketmoq so that they work together; to
t combine with something else in
this way B2
Shifting ʃɪft o’zgaruvchan adj. to move, or move something,
from one position or place to
another B2
Nonetheless nʌnðəˈle shunga qaramasdan adv. despite this fact C1
s
Blame bleɪm ayblamoq, to’nkamoq verb to think or say that sb/sth is
responsible for something bad B2
Effort efət sa’y-harakat, chiranish, noun [countable] an attempt to do
urinish something especially when it is
difficult to do B1
Culprit kʌlprɪt aybdor, sababchi noun a person who has done something
wrong or against the law
Average ævərɪdʒ o’rtacha, o’rta hisobdagi noun calculated by adding several
amounts together A2
Freight freɪt (tashiladigan) yuk noun goods that are transported by
ships, planes, trains or lorries;
the system of transporting
Marginalisation mɑːdʒɪnə mensimaslik, muhim deb noun the process or result of making
laɪˈzeɪʃn bilmaslik somebody feel as if they are not
important and cannot influence
decisions or events
Consist of kənˈsɪst - dan iborat bo’lmoq verb to be something that is made or
(sth) formed of various specific things
Curb kɜːb nazorat qilmoq, tiyib verb to control or limit something,
turmoq especially something bad

25
Occupancy ɒkjəpəns egallash, band qilish noun the act of living in or using a
i building, room, piece of land,
etc.
Rate reɪt tezlik darajasi, marom noun [countable] a measurement of
the speed at which something
happens A2
Available əˈveɪləbl (iloji) bor, topsa bo’ladi adj. that you can get, buy or find A2

Revitalize riːˈvaɪtəl jadallashtirmoq, verb to make something stronger,

aɪz kuchaytirmoq more active or more healthy
Uncouple ʌnˈkʌpl transportni bir-biridan verb to remove the connection
uzmoq between two vehicles
Comprise kəmˈpraɪ o’z ichiga olmoq, - dan verb to be the parts or members that
z iborat bo’lmoq form something B2
Restriction rɪˈstrɪkʃn cheklash, cheklov noun a rule or law that limits what you
can do or what can happen B2
Favour feɪvə yaxshillik, yordam, noun a thing that you do to help
marhamat somebody B1
Negotiate nɪˈɡəʊʃie kelishmoq, muzokara olib verb to try to reach an agreement by
ɪt bormoq formal discussion B2
Neglect nɪˈɡlekt beparvo bo’lmoq, etibor verb to fail to take care of
bermaslik somebody/something C1
Irrigation ɪrɪˈɡeɪʃn suv ho’jaligi noun to supply land or crops with
water
Beyond bɪˈjɒnd o’tib, nargi tomonida prepos on or to the further side of
something B2
Utilitarian juːtɪlɪˈt chiroydan ko’ra maqsad va adj. (formal) designed to be useful
qulaylikga yo’naltirilgan and practical rather than
eəriən attractive
Unique juˈniːk yagona, tanho adj. being the only one of its kind B2

Complex kɒmplek murakkab adj. made of many different things or

s parts that are connected; difficult
to understand B1
Heyday heɪdeɪ gullab yashnagan davr noun the time when sby/sth had most
power or success, or was most
popular
Desert dezət cho’l, biyobon, dasht noun Many deserts are covered by
sand A2
Resting place restɪŋ qabr noun where a dead person is buried
(a grave)
pleɪs
Descend dɪˈsend pasaymoq verb (formal) to come or go down
from a higher to a lower level C1
Aquifer ækwɪfə Suv shimib oladigan yer noun a layer of rock or soil that can
qatlami take in and hold water

26
Recede rɪˈsiːd xiralashmoq, yoqolib verb (especially of a problem, feeling or
bormoq quality) to become gradually
weaker or smaller
Vast vɑːst juda, ulkan adj. extremely large in area, size,
amount, etc. B2
Crater kreɪtə vulqon og’zi, (o’ra chuqur) noun a large hole in the top of
a volcano
Paving peɪvɪŋ yo’lak yuzasi noun [uncountable] material used to
form a hard level surface on a
path, road, area etc.
Elaborate ɪˈlæbər puxta bajarilgan, adj. very complicated and detailed;
o’rganilgan carefully prepared and
ət organized C1
[uncountable] the fact of having a
Shelter ʃeltə boshpana noun
place to live or stay, considered as
a basic human need B2
Relentless rɪˈlentləs uzluksiz adj. not stopping; not getting less
strong
Embellish ɪmˈbelɪʃ bezamoq verb decorate

Combine kəmˈbaɪn birlashtirmoq verb if you combine two or more

different things if they combine,
they begin to exist or work
together B1
Disuse dɪsˈjuːs xaroba, foydalanmaslik noun a situation in which something is
no longer being used
Derelict derəlɪkt qarovsiz, xaroba adj. not used or cared for and in bad
condition
Divert daɪˈvɜːt yo’nalishni o’zgartirmoq verb [often passive] to make
somebody/something change
direction C1

27
 Unit – 5
“Study, work”
New words Pronun Meaning in Uzbek Form Definition
ciation
Apprenticeship əˈprentɪʃɪ amaliyot, shogirdlik, noun the job of being an apprentice, or
p praktika davri the period of time in which you are
an apprentice
Conceptualisation kɒnsept tushuncha, g’oya, qarash noun an idea or a principle that is
connected with something B2
Consistency kənˈsɪstə o’zgarmaslik , doimiy noun the quality of always being the same,
nsi doing things in the same way, having
o’ziga hoslik the same standards etc – used to show
approval C1
Establishment ɪˈstæblɪʃ tashkilot, tadbirkorlik, noun [countable] (formal) an
mənt organization, a large institution or a
muassasa hotel C1
Formulation fɔːmjuˈle ishlab chiqish, shakllantirsh noun to develop something such as a
ɪʃn plan or a set of rules, and decide all
the details of how it will be done
Hypothesis haɪˈpɒθə ilmiy faraz, taxmin noun an idea that is suggested as an
sɪs explanation for something, but that has
not yet been proved to be true B2
Inconsistency ɪnkənˈsɪs qarama-qarshi noun between two statements, etc, they
tənsi fikr,o’zgaruvchanlik cannot both be true because they
give the facts in a different way
Insignificance ɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪ arzimaslik, ahamiyatsizlik noun the fact of not being big or valuable
kəns enough to be considered important
Interpretation ɪnˌtɜːprəˈ izohlash, tushuntirib berish noun the particular way in which something
teɪʃn is understood or explained B2
Technician tekˈnɪʃn mutaxassis noun someone who is very good at
the skills of a particular sport,
music, art etc
Vocation vəʊˈkeɪʃ mos hayot tarzi, kasb noun [countable] a type of work or way of
n life that you believe is especially
suitable for you
Blue-collar bluː qora ishchi adj. connected with people who do
ˈkɒlə physical work in industry
Conceptual kənˈseptʃ nazariy adj. related to or based on ideas
uəl
Indicative ɪnˈdɪkətɪ indikator adj. (formal) showing or suggesting
v something
Broaden brɔːdn kengaytirmoq verb to become wider

Affair əˈfeə ish, muammo, xizmat noun [plural] events that are of public
interest or political importance B2

28
Forecast fɔːkɑːst taxmin qilish, prognoz noun a statement about what will happen
in the future, based on information
that is available now B2
Gruelling ɡruːəlɪŋ mashaqatli, holdan adj. very difficult and making you
toydiruvchi very tired, needing great effort
for a long time
Reap riːp samarasini ko’rmoq verb to get something, especially
something good, as a result of
what you have done
Dry draɪ zerikarli adj. boring, Government reports tend to
make dry reading.
Refine rɪˈfaɪn o’zgartirish orqali verb to improve something by making
yaxshilamoq small changes to it

Counterpart kaʊntəpɑ hamkasb, sherik noun someone or something that has the
ːt same job or purpose as someone or
something else in a different place C1
Dementia dɪˈmenʃə xotira pasayish kassaligi noun a serious mental disorder caused by
brain disease or injury, that affects the
ability to think, remember and behave
normally
Condemn sb kənˈdem sababchi bo’lmoq (yomon verb to say very strongly that you
to sth holatga) think something is bad, usually
for moral reasons C1
White-collar waɪt offis…qora ish emas adj. working in an office, rather than
in a factory, etc.; connected with
ˈkɒlə
work in offices
Inclined ɪnˈklaɪn ko’ngli tusagan, xohlagan, adj. wanting to do something C1
d moyil
Endeavour ɪnˈdevə harakat, urinish noun an attempt to do something,
especially something new or
difficult C1
Concerted kənˈsɜːt kelishib qilingan adj. done together by more than one
(effort) person, government, country,
ɪd etc.
Strenuous strenju ko’p kuch talab qiladigan, adj. needing great effort and energy
əs zo’riqtiradigan
Feeble fiːbl zaif, kuchsiz, nimjon adj. very weak

The tunnel is a remarkable feat of

Feat fiːt mashaqqat, mahorat noun
engineering. C1

Exertion ɪɡˈzɜːʃn zo’riqish, qattiq harakat noun physical or mental effort; the act
of making an effort

Amendment əˈmend o’zgartirish, tuzatish noun a small change or improvement

that is made to a document or
mənt proposed new law C1
Encyclopedic ɪnˌsaɪkl mukammal adj. having a lot of information about a wide
variety of subjects; containing complete
əˈpiːdɪk information about a particular subject

29
Conceptualize kənˈsep tasavvur qilmoq, xayoliga verb to form an idea of something in
your mind
tʃuəlaɪz keltirmoq
Cure kjʊə davolamoq, (muammoni hal verb to make a person or an animal
qilmoq) healthy again after an illness B2

Pursue pəˈsju ketidan quvlamoq verb to do something or try to achieve

something over a period of time B2

Apprentice əˈprentɪs shogird noun a young person who works for an

employer for a fixed period of time
in order to learn the particular skills
needed in their job
Compulsory kəmˈpʌl majburiy, shart, zarur adj. that must be done because of a
law or a rule SYN mandatory B2
səri
Deprived dɪˈpraɪv mahrum bo’lgan adj. without enough food, education,
and all the things that are
d necessary for people to live a
happy and comfortable life
In-depth ɪn ˈdepθ chuqur bilim phrase
knowledge
The latter lætə ikkinchi adj. the second of two things or
people mentioned C1

Stick to sth stɪk gapida/ maqsadida qattiq phrase to continue doing or using
something and not want to change
turmoq it .Let's stick to the original plan. B2
Field fiːld soha, yo’nalish noun a particular subject or activity
that somebody works in or is
interested in B1
Speculate spekjul taxmin qilmoq verb to form an opinion about
something without knowing all
eɪt the details or facts B2

30
 Unit – 6
“Advertising, marketing”
New words Pronun Meaning in Uzbek Form Definition/
ciation /Example
(asosan sotish/ishontirish uchun) an unusual trick or unnecessary device
Gimmick ɡɪmɪk noun
hiyla, chalg’ituvchi nayrang that is intended to attract attention or
to persuade people to buy something
Ploy plɔɪ hiyla, nayrang, bahona noun actions carefully planned to get an
advantage over somebody else
an amount of money that is paid back to
Rebate riːbeɪt cashback noun
you because you have paid too much
Slogan sləʊɡən shior, MOTTO noun JUST DO IT (NIKE) B2

Vendor vendə sotuvchi noun a person who sells things

Catchy kætʃi eslab qolishga oson adj. pleasant and easily

remembered
Compelling kəmˈpel o’ziga jalb qiladigan adj. that makes you pay attention to
(asosiy) it because it is so interesting
ɪŋ
and exciting C1
Distracting dɪˈstræk chalg’itadigan adj. taking your attention away from
what you are trying to do
tɪŋ
Infuriating ɪnˈfjʊərie g’azablantiradigan adj. making you extremely angry C1
ɪtɪŋ
Invasive ɪnˈveɪsɪ hamma yoqqa tez adj. (especially of diseases within the
body) spreading very quickly
v tarqaydigan
and difficult to stop
Monetary mʌnɪtri byudjet…pul.., valyutaga adj. connected with money, especially
oid all the money in a country
Persuasive pəˈsweɪ odamni undaydigan, adj. able to persuade somebody to do or
ko’ndiradigan believe something
sɪv
Promotional prəˈmə reklama qiladigan, adj. connected with advertising
ʊʃənl tanitadigan
done in a skilful and attractive way and
Slick slɪk mohirona, silliq adj.
seems expensive, but it often contains no
important or interesting ideas
Ubiquitous juːˈbɪk har yerda/yoqda hozir adj. seeming to be everywhere or in
several places at the same time;
wɪtəs very common
Unavoidable ʌnəˈvɔɪ muqarrar, albatta yuz adj. impossible to avoid or prevent
dəbl beradigan
Cultivate kʌltɪveɪ yetishtirmoq, rivojlantirmoq verb to develop an attitude, a way of
talking or behaving, etc. C1
t

31
 to persuade somebody/something to go
Entice ɪnˈtaɪs qiziqtirmoq verb
somewhere or to do something, usually by
offering them something

ɪnˈdjuːs ko’ndirmoq, undamoq

Induce verb (formal) to persuade or influence
somebody to do something C1

Oblige əˈblaɪdʒ talab/majbur qilmoq verb to force somebody to do

something, by law, because it is
a duty, etc C1
Reassure riːəˈʃʊə ko’ngilni xotirjam qilmoq, verb to say or do something that makes
somebody less frightened or
tinchlantirmoq worried C1
Tempt tempt qiziqtirmoq, jalb qilish verb to attract somebody or make
somebody want to do or have
something, even if they know it is
wrong C1
to make somebody start to talk about or do
Sidetrack saɪdtræ boshqa narsaga verb
something that is different from the main
k chalg’itmoq/chalg’imoq thing that they are supposed to be talking
about or doing. SYN distract
Invariably ɪnˈveəri har doim, doimo adv. always
əbli
Down daʊn xafa, tushkin adj. unhappy. Feeling a bit down

Convincing kənˈvɪn ishonarli, asosli adj. that makes somebody believe

that something is true B2
sɪŋ
to tell somebody that something is
Assure əˈʃʊə ishontirmoq verb
definitely true or is definitely going to
happen, especially when they have
doubts about it B2
to tell somebody that something is
Urge ɜːdʒ (kuchli tarzda) maslahat verb
definitely true or is definitely going to
bermoq, tavsiya qilmoq happen, especially when they have
doubts about it B2
to persuade somebody to do something
Seduce sɪˈdjuːs undamoq verb
that they would not usually agree to do
by making it seem very attractive
Twist sb’s twɪst majburlamoq, ko’ndirmoq phrase to persuade someone to do sth they
arm don’t want to do. I didn’t want to
ɑːm go but Linda twisted my arm
Impulsive ɪmˈpʌls o’ylamasdan bajaradigan adj. acting suddenly without thinking
carefully about what might happen
ɪv because of what you are doing
Reinforcement riːɪnˈfɔː kuchaytirish, noun the act of making something
mustahkamlash stronger, especially a feeling or
smənt an idea
(formal) goods that are bought or sold;
Merchandise mɜːtʃən tovar noun
goods that are for sale in a shop
daɪs
Prevalent prevələ ko’p uchraydigan, keng adj. that exists or is very common at
tarqalgan (common) a particular time or in a
nt
particular place (formal)

32
Gear sth ɡɪə/təˈ qaratilgan, uchun phrase to make, change or prepare
to/towards sth wɔːdz mo’ljalangan something so that it is suitable
for a particular purpose
Wary weəri ehtiyotkor, hushyor adj. SYN: cautious, careful

Chronicler krɒnɪklə tarixchi noun a person who records events in the

order in which they happened, in
a chronicle
Tantalizing tæntəlaɪ erishish istagini adj. making you want something that
uyg’otadigan you cannot have or do
zɪŋ
Proclaim prəˈkleɪ ko’rsatmoq, bildirmoq verb to show something clearly; to be
a sign of something C1
m
Solicit səˈlɪsɪt (pul/yordam) berishini verb (formal) to ask somebody for
so’ramoq something, such as support,
money or information
Mediate miːdieɪt vositachilik qilmoq verb to try to end a situation between two or
more people or groups who disagree
by talking to them and trying to find
things that everyone can agree on
Blur blɜː hiralashmoq, hiralashtirmoq verb a shape that you cannot see clearly,
often because it is moving too fast
Eschew ɪsˈtʃu qochmoq, o’zini chetga verb to deliberately avoid or keep
olmoq away from something

Typeface taɪpfeɪs yozuv shrifti noun a set of letters, numbers, etc. of a

particular design, used in printing

Restrain rɪˈstreɪn to’xtatmoq, o’zini bosmoq adj. to stop somebody/something from

doing something, especially by
using physical force
Restrained rɪˈstreɪnd og’ir bosiq adj. showing calm control rather
than emotion

Relegate relɪɡeɪt past lavozim/e’tibor verb to give somebody a lower or

bermoq, pastgi o’ringa less important position, rank,
etc.
tushmoq
to compete strongly with somebody in
Vie vaɪ bahslashmoq, bellashmoq verb
order to obtain or achieve something

Entity entəti alohida narsa, mustaqil noun something that exists separately
birlik from other things and has its
own identity C1
Implication ɪmplɪˈkeɪ (bo’lishi ehtimoli bo’lgan) noun a possible effect or result of an
ʃn ta’sir, natija, asorat action or a decision B2

Exaggerate ɪɡˈzædʒər bo’rttirmoq verb to make something seem larger,

eɪt better, worse or more important
than it really is C1
Implement ɪmplɪm tatbiq qilmoq (hayotga) verb to make something that has
been officially decided start to
ent
happen or be used B2
33
 Unit – 7
“Tourism, travel”
New words Pronun Meaning in Uzbek Form Definition
ciation
Breathtaking breθteɪk ajoyib, hayratlanarli adj. The scene was one of breathtaking
beauty.
ɪŋ
Magnificent mæɡˈnɪf hashamatli, dabdabali, adj. extremely attractive and
muhtasham impressive; deserving praise B2
ɪsnt
Memorable memərəbl unitilmas adj. worth remembering or easy to remember,
especially because of being special or
unusual. SYN unforgettable B2
Precarious prɪˈkeəri xavfli, xatarli adj. (of a situation) not safe or certain;
əs dangerous
Rustic rʌstɪk sodda, qishloqqa hos adj. (approving) typical of the country
or of country people; simple
Spectacular spekˈtæk ko’z quvnaydigan, juda adj. very impressive B2
jələ ajoyib
Stunning stʌnɪŋ juda chiroyli, maftunkor adj. extremely attractive or
impressive SYN beautiful B2
Outweigh aʊtˈweɪ ustun bo’lmoq verb to be greater or more important
than something
Landscape lændskeɪ manzara, ko’rinish noun everything you can see when you look
p across a large area of land, especially
in the country B2
clothes, especially unusual clothes or those
Garb ɡɑːb maxsus kiyim noun
worn by a particular type of person

Chain tʃeɪn filial (zanjir) noun a group of shops or hotels owned

by the same company B1
Nearby nɪəˈbaɪ yaqin atrofdagi adj. near in position; not far away B2
only present in small amounts or
Sparse spɑːs siyrak adj.
numbers and often spread over a large
area
Depart dɪˈpɑːt jo’nab ketmoq (ancha verb to leave a place, especially to
rasmiy so’z) start a trip B2
Pristine prɪstiːn tegilmagan, yangiday adj. fresh and clean, as if new SYN
immaculate
Survey sɜːveɪ so’rovnoma o’tkazish verb an investigation of the opinions,
behaviour, etc.
According to əˈkɔːdɪŋ -ga ko’ra prepos as stated or reported by
tə somebody/something
Constant kɒnstənt muntazam,o’zgarmas, bir adj. happening all the time or
xilda, repeatedly
Imminent ɪmɪnənt muqarrar adj. likely to happen very soon C1

34
Peril perəl jar yoqasi, xavf-xatar noun serious danger

Invade ɪnˈveɪd bosib olmoq, ko’payib verb to enter a place in large numbers,
especially in a way that causes damage
ketmoq or problems C1
Fear fɪə qo’rquv, cho’chish noun the bad feeling that you have when you
are in danger or when a particular
thing frightens you A2
Declare dɪˈkleə ma’lum qilmoq, ta’kidlab verb to say something officially or
aytmoq publicly B2
Restricted rɪˈstrɪktɪd cheklangan, chegaralangan adj. limited or small in size or amount

Identify aɪˈdentɪf aniqlamoq verb to find or discover

aɪ somebody/something B1
Arranged əˈreɪndʒ rejalashtirligan, tayyorlab adj. to plan or organize something in
qo’yilgan advance A2
Horde hɔːd gala, to’da, olomon noun a large crowd of people

Terrifying terɪfaɪɪŋ dahshatga soladigan, adj. making somebody feel

vahimali extremely frightened
Winding waɪndɪŋ egri-bugri, buralgan adj. having a curving
and twisting shape
Perch pɜːtʃ qo’nmoq, chetida verb (of a bird) to land and stay on a
joyla(sh)moq branch, etc.
a high area of rock with a very steep
Cliff klɪf tik qoya noun
side, often at the edge of the sea or
ocean B2
Defy dɪˈfaɪ qarshi chiqmoq, itoat verb to refuse to obey or show respect
etmaslik for somebody in authority, a law, a
rule, etc. C1
Temple templ ibodatxona, butxona noun a building used for
religious worship, especially in
religions other than Christianity B2
Courtyard kɔːtjɑːd hovli , maydon noun an open space that is partly or
completely surrounded by buildings
and is usually part of a castle, a large
house, etc.
Threshold θreʃhəʊl ostona, eshik oldi,kiraverish noun the floor or ground at the bottom
d of a doorway C1
Sanctuary sæŋktʃuə boshpana, xavfsiz joy noun an area where wild birds or animals
ri are protected and encouraged to
produce young
Barely beəli zo’rg’a, arang adv. in a way that is just possible but
only with difficulty B2
Incense ɪnsens xushbo’y tutatqi noun a substance that produces a pleasant
smell when you burn it, used
particularly in religious ceremonies
large and done on a wall, sometimes
Mural mjʊərəl devorda chizilgan rasm noun
on an outside wall of a building
Elaborate ɪˈlæbərət puxta bajarilgan adj. very complicated and detailed;
carefully prepared and organized C1

35
Altar ɔːltə muqaddas stol noun a holy table in a church or temple

Resort rɪˈzɔːt oromgoh noun a place where a lot of people go

on holiday B2
when a toilet flushes or you flush it,
Flush flʌʃ unitas suvini tortmoq verb
water passes through it to clean it
Toiler tɔɪlə og’ir mehnat qiluvchi noun a person who works very hard

Revenue revənjuː kirim, foyda, byudjet noun the money that a government receives
from taxes or that an organization, etc.
receives from its business. SYN:
receipts B2
Weep wiːp yig’lamoq (2. yiringlamoq) verb to cry, usually because you are
sad
Soar sɔː birdaniga oshmoq, keskin verb if the value, amount or level of
something soars, it rises very
ko’tarilmoq
quickly. SYN: rocket C1
Deregulate diːˈreɡjul erkin savdoni yo’lga verb to free a trade, a business activity,
eɪt qo’ymoq etc. from rules and controls
Institute ɪnstɪtjuːt 2. boshlamoq, joriy qilmoq verb to introduce or start a system, rule,
legal process etc SYN begin
Glow ɡləʊ yarqiramoq, qizarmoq, verb to produce or reflect a soft
chog’ bo’lmoq steady light SYN shine
Satisfactory sætɪsˈfæ qoniqarli, yetarli adj. SYN: enough, acceptable
ktəri
Adequate ædɪkwət yetarlicha adj. enough in quantity B2

Nevertheless nevəðəˈl shunga qaramasdan adv. despite something that you have
es just mentioned SYN: nonetheless
Take its toll təʊl aziyat chekish, zarar ko’rish phrase to have a bad effect on
somebody/something; to cause a
(on sb/sth) (kimdandir) lot of damage, deaths, pain, etc.

36
 Unit – 8
“Government, society”
New words Pronun Meaning in Uzbek Form Definition
ciation
davlat tomonidan, salomatlik practical or financial help that is
Welfare welfeə noun
beriladigan yordam puli provided, often by the government, for
people or animals that need it B2
Disrepair dɪsrɪˈpeə yaroqsiz (vayrona, xaroba) noun a building, road, etc. that is in a state
of disrepair has not been taken care
of and is broken or in bad condition
a large rough hole in the surface of
Pothole pɒthəʊl chuqur, yama noun
a road that is formed by traffic and
bad weather
Bureaucratic bjʊərəˈ ortiqcha qog’ozbozlik bilan noun connected with a bureaucracy or
bureaucrats and involving complicated
krætɪk bog’liq official rules which may seem
unnecessary
Entitle ɪnˈtaɪtl vakolat bermoq, imkon verb to give somebody the right to
bermoq have or to do something C1
Trace treɪs izlab topmoq, ko’zdan kechirish verb to find or discover
asl kelib chiqishini topmoq somebody/something by looking
carefully for them/it
Recoup rɪˈkuːp sarflangan pulni to’liq verb to get back an amount of money
qaytarib olish/berish that you have spent or lost
Irony aɪrəni kutilmagan natija (yomon noun the funny or strange aspect of a
natija), o’ylagan narsani situation that is very different
from what you expect; a
teskarisi bo’lishi
situation like this C1
Put sb θruː kimnidir telefon orqali phrase to connect somebody by phone
through ulash
Opposition ɒpəˈzɪʃn qarshilik, qarama-qarshi noun the act of strongly disagreeing
with sb/sth
Ensure ɪnˈʃʊə bo’lishini taminlamoq verb to make sure that something
happens or is definite B2
Impose tax ɪmˈpəʊz soliqlashtirish, soliqni phrase
tæks undurish
Civil servant sɪvl davlat hodimi noun a person who works in the civil
ˈsɜːvənt service
Healthcare helθ keə sog’liqni saqlash xizmati noun the service of providing medical
care B2
the head of the government of a town
Mayor meə mer, shahar hokimi noun
or city, etc., elected by the public B2
money for a particular purpose; the act of
Funding fʌndɪŋ moliyalashtirish noun
providing money for such a purpose B2

Miscalculate mɪsˈkælk no’tog’ri hisoblash verb to estimate an amount, a figure,

juleɪt a measurement, etc. wrongly

37
Mislead mɪsˈliːd noto’g’ri ma’lumot berish verb to give somebody the wrong
idea or impression
Misjudge mɪsˈdʒʌd notog’ri xulosa chiqarmoq verb to form a wrong opinion about a
ʒ person or situation, especially in a way
that makes you deal with them or it
unfairly
Mistrust mɪsˈtrʌst ishonmaslik verb to not trust
somebody/something
Subside səbˈsaɪd hovirdan tushmoq, verb to become calmer, quieter or
pasaymoq, (cho’kmoq) less intense
Old age əʊld eɪdʒ nafaqa puli noun a regular income paid by the state
pension ˈpenʃn to people above a particular age
to think or accept that something is
Assume əˈsjuːm tasavvur qilmoq, taxmin verb
true but without having proof of it B2
qilmoq, deb o’ylamoq
Provision prəˈvɪʒn ta’minlash noun supplying somebody with
something that they need or want
C1
Existence ɪɡˈzɪstən mavjudlik, borlik noun [uncountable] the state or fact of
s being real or living or of being
present B2
Childcare tʃaɪldkeə bola parvarishi noun the care of children, especially
while parents are at work
Autonomy ɔːˈtɒnəm avtonom, erkinlik noun the freedom for a country, a region
i or an organization to govern itself
independently C1

38
 Unit – 9
“Animals, conservation”
New words Pronun Meaning in Uzbek Form Definition
ciation
Conservation kɒnsəˈve asrash, saqlash, avaylash noun the protection of the natural
ɪʃn environment. SYN: conservancy
Burrow bʌrəʊ uya/in (yerda kovlangan) noun to make a hole or a tunnel in the
ground by digging. SYN dig
[countable] a country or an area
Colony kɒləni mustamlaka qaram noun
that is governed by people from
mamlakat, (jamiyat, guruh) another, more powerful, country B2
Deforestation diːˌfɒrɪˈs o’rmonlarni qisqartirish, noun the act of cutting down or
teɪʃn daraxtlarni kesish burning the trees in an area
Degradation deɡrəˈdeɪ kamsitish, tahqirlash, noun a situation in which somebody has
ʃn buzilish, yomonlashtirish lost all self-respect and the respect
of other people
Demise dɪˈmaɪz muvaffaqiyatsiz tugashi, qulash, noun the end or failure of an institution,
barbod bo’lish, nobud bo’lish an idea, a company, etc.
Devastation devəˈsteɪ vayronagarchilik, talofat, noun great destruction or damage,
ʃn vayron qilish especially over a wide area
Habitat hæbɪtæt (o’simlik yoki hayvonning) noun the place where a particular type
kelib chiqish joyi, vatani, of animal or plant is normally
found B2
yashash joyi
Herd hɜːd (hayvonlar) poda, galasi noun a group of animals of the same
type that live and feed together
Hive haɪv asalari uyasi, arixona noun [countable] a structure made for
bees to live in
Pack pæk 3. to’da, guruh noun to fill something with a lot of
people or things
Parasite pærəsaɪt parazit, tekinxo’r noun a small animal or plant that lives on or
inside another animal or plant and gets
its food from it
Prey preɪ o’lja, ov qilinadigan hayvon noun an animal, a bird, etc. that is
hunted, killed and eaten by
another C1
Swarm swɔːm gala, to’da noun a large group of insects, especially
bees, moving together in the same
direction
Appalling əˈpɔːlɪŋ juda yomon, achinarli, adj. extremely bad, especially from a
dahshatli moral point of view
Aquatic əˈkwætɪk suvda yashaydigan adj. growing or living in, on or near
water
Hypocritical hɪpəˈkrɪtɪ ikkiyuzlamachi, tili boshqa adj. behaving in a way that does not meet
kl the moral standards or match the
dili boshqa opinions that you claim to have
Impartial ɪmˈpɑːʃl xolis, betaraf adj. not supporting one person or
group more than another
39
Nocturnal nɒkˈtɜːnl kechasi faollashadigan/ adj. (of animals) active at night
jadallashadigan (hayvonga)
Outrageous aʊtˈreɪ g’azabini qo’zg’aydigan, adj. offensive and unacceptable. SYN:
dʒəs chidab bo’lmaydigan scandalous
nohaqlik
Venomous venəməs zaharli adj. (of a snake, etc.) producing venom
SYN: poisonous
Flourish flʌrɪʃ yashnamoq, gullamoq verb to develop quickly and become
successful or common C1
Forage fɒrɪdʒ istamoq/ izlamoq verb (of a person or an animal) to
(ovqat/yegulik), search widely for food
Hibernate haɪbəneɪt (hayvonlaga nisbatan) verb (of animals) to spend the winter
qishni uyquda o’tkazmoq in a state like deep sleep
Lay (egg) leɪ tuxum qo’ymoq verb if a bird, an insect, a fish,
etc. lays eggs, it produces them
from its body B2
Thrive θraɪv yashnamoq, yaxshi verb to become, and continue to be,
successful, strong, healthy, etc.
rivojlanmoq SYN flourish C1
Endanger ɪnˈdeɪndʒ yo’qolib ketish xavfiga verb to put somebody/something in a
ə qo’ymoq situation in which they could be
harmed or damaged
Hamster hæmstə xamyak noun an animal like a large mouse,
with large cheeks
Livestock laɪvstɒk ferma hayvonlari noun the animals kept on a farm, for
example cows or sheep
back C1
Rear rɪə orqa tomon, parvarish noun
qilish, boqish, bo’ynini
ko’tarish
to be badly affected by a disease, pain,
Suffer sʌfə aziyat chekmoq, verb
sad feelings, a lack of something, etc.
kasallanmoq
a cramped room, etc. does not have
Cramped kræmpt tor, tiqilinch, siqilgan adj.
enough space for the people in it
Horribly hɒrəbli juda yomon,( yoqimsiz ) adv. in a way that is very bad,
unpleasant or unkind
Wasp wɒsp qovog’ari, ari noun a black and yellow flying insect that
can sting
a small insect that lives in highly
Ant ænt chumoli noun
organized groups
Cockroach kɒkrəʊtʃ suvarak, tarakan noun a large brown insect with wings, that
lives in houses, especially where there
is dirt
Flock flɒk gala, to’da, olomon noun a group of sheep, goats or birds of
the same type
Nest nest in, uya (qushniki) noun a hollow place or structure that a
bird makes C1
a flying insect with a long thin body and
Butterfly bʌtəflaɪ kapalak noun
four large, usually brightly coloured,
wings

40
 a small, soft creature with a hard, round
Snail sneɪl shilliq qurt noun
shell on its back, that moves very slowly
a sea creature with a hard shell,
Crab kræb dengiz qisqichbaqasi noun
eight legs and two pincers
Turtle tɜːtl (asosan, dengizdagi) noun a large reptile with a hard round
toshbaqa shell that lives in the sea
reɪndɪə shimol bug’usi, oxu noun a large deer with long antlers (= hard parts
Reindeer on the head that are like branches), that
lives in cold northern regions
Rhinoceros raɪˈnɒsər karkidon noun a large heavy animal with very thick
əs skin
an animal with horns and a coat of
Goat ɡəʊt echki, taka noun
hair
Fur fɜː teri, jun, yung, (mo’yna) noun the soft thick mass of hair that grows
on the body of some animals B1
Trunk trʌŋk daraxtni tanasi noun the thick main stem of a tree, that
the branches grow from
Mosquito məˈskiːtə chvin noun a flying insect that bites humans
ʊ and animals and drinks their blood
a large Australian bird that can run fast
Emu iːmju Avstraliya tuyaqushi noun
but cannot fly
a very large African bird with a long
Ostrich ɒstrɪtʃ tuyaqush noun
neck and long legs, that cannot fly but
can run very fast
a sea creature with a body like jelly and
Jellyfish dʒelifɪʃ meduza noun long thin parts called tentacles that can give
a sharp sting
Bat bæt ko’rshapalak , (besbol noun an animal like a mouse with wings
xodasi) that flies and feeds at night C1
Arachnid əˈræknɪd o’rgimchaksimon sinfiga noun any small creature of the class that
includes
mansub 8 oyoqli hashorot spiders, scorpions, mites and ticks
any animal that gives birth to live
Mammal mæml sut emizuvhchi hayvon noun
young, not eggs, and feeds its young
on milk
Shrew ʃruː yerqazar hashorot noun a small animal like a mouse with
(sichqonsimon, krot) a long nose
to move out of or away from
Emerge ɪˈmɜːdʒ yuzaga chiqmoq, paydo verb
something and become possible to see
bo’lmoq B2
Accompanying əˈkʌmpə nima bilandir ta’minlash adj. provided with something else
niɪŋ
an object, a piece of evidence or some
Clue kluː kalavaning uchi, muammo noun
information that helps the police solve
kaliti a crime B1
Warrior wɒriə jangchi, askar noun (especially in the past) a person
who fights in a battle or war C1
[countable] a long seat for two or
Bench bentʃ skameyka (ish stoli) noun
more people, usually made of
wood C1
Unthinkable ʌnˈθɪŋkə aqlga sig’maydigan, aql adj. impossible to imagine or accept.
bl bovar qilmas Unbeliavable

41
 to give something officially to
Allocate æləkeɪt ajratmoq, taqsimlamoq verb
somebody/something for a particular
purpose C1
Distressing dɪˈstresɪŋ xafa qiladigan, achinarli, adj. making you feel extremely upset,
especially because somebody is
iztirobli suffering
Objective əbˈdʒektɪ ko’zlangan maqsad, mo’ljal noun something that you are trying to
v achieve. SYN: goal B2
Objective əbˈdʒektɪ real, xayoliy bo’lmagan adj. based on facts, or making a decision
v that is based on facts rather than on
your feelings or beliefs
Dreadful dredfl yoqimsiz/yomon (juda) adj. very bad or unpleasant

Deer dɪə bug’u, kiyik noun bug’u

Tarantula təˈræntʃə o’rgimchak noun a large poisonous spider covered with

lə hair that lives in Central and South
America
Herring herɪŋ seld (baliq) noun a N Atlantic fish that swims in very
large groups and is used for food
School (of skuːl 7. baliqlar galasi/to’dasi noun 9. [countable] a large number of fish
or other sea animals, swimming
fish) together
Invertebrate ɪnˈvɜːtɪbr umurtqasiz hayvon noun any animal with no backbone, for
ət example a worm
Primate praɪmeɪt maymunsumonlar noun any animal that belongs to the
group of mammals that includes
humans, apes and monkeys
a member of a group of people who are
Pygmy, pɪɡmi pakana/jussasi kichik odam, noun
unusually short, especially a member of a
pigmy kichiqroq bo’lgan people living in central Africa. This word
is sometimes now considered offensive.
Defy dɪˈfaɪ qarshi chiqmoq, itoat verb to refuse to obey or show respect
etmaslik, bo’ysunmaslik for somebody in authority, a law, a
rule, etc. С1
to catch a person or an animal and keep
Capture kæptʃə asir qilmoq, tutqunlikda verb
them as a prisoner or shut them in a space
saqlamoq that they cannot escape from B2
Latitude lætɪtjuːd kenglik, daraja noun (abbreviation lat.) [uncountable] the
distance of a place north or south of
the equator (= the line around the world
dividing north and south), measured in
degrees
Vulnerable vʌlnərəbl nimjon, nozik adj. vulnerable (to somebody/something)
weak and easily hurt physically or
emotionally С1
Accelerate əkˈseləre tezlashtirmoq, tezlikni verb to happen faster or earlier; to make
ɪt something happen faster or earlier С1
oshirmoq
any tree that produces hard dry fruit
Conifer kɒnɪfə ignabargli daraxt noun
called cones.
Most conifers are evergreen (= have
leaves that stay on the tree all year).
(an area of) wet soft ground, formed
Bog bɒɡ botqoq (hojatxona) noun
of decayed (= destroyed by natural
processes) plants
42
Moss mɒs yomg’irdan keying yashil noun a very small green or yellow plant
without flowers that spreads over wet
o’t
surfaces, rocks, trees, etc.
Logging/log lɒɡɪŋ daraxt kesish noun the work or business of cutting
down trees for their wood
Dot dɒt har joyda bo’lmoq verb if an area is dotted with things, there
are a lot of them there but they
are spread far apart
March mɑːtʃ qadam tashlamoq/bosmoq verb to walk with stiff regular steps like
a soldier. to walk somewhere
quickly in a determined way C1
a main road for travelling long
Highway haɪweɪ trassa noun
distances, especially one connecting
and going through cities and towns B2
a long film or book that contains a lot
Epic epɪk 1. afsonaviy, ajoyib, epik adj.
of action, usually about a historical
2. uzoq va murakkab subject
mashaqqatli
3. juda katta
Raid reɪd hujum (kutilmagan va noun a short surprise attack on an enemy
tezkor), shturm/ataka qilish by soldiers, ships or aircraft C1
Inept ɪˈnept qobiliyatsiz, yaxshi eplay adj. acting or done with no skill
olmaydigan, landavur
[countable] a model of a person, used
Dummy dʌmi yasama model, maniket noun
especially when making clothes or for
showing them in a shop window
In a flash / flæʃ bir zumda, bir pastda, juda phrase
quick as a tez
flash
Rule of ruːl o’z tajribamdan kelib phrase
thumb θʌm chiqadigan bo’lsam, shaxsiy
tajribamga ko’ra
Bonanza bəˈnænzə ko’p daromad, tez boyib noun a situation in which people can
ketish make a lot of money or be very
successful
Haul hɔːl arang sudramoq, tortmoq verb to pull something/somebody
with a lot of effort
Bounty baʊnti saxiylik, ne’mat, marhamat, noun (literary) generous actions;
something provided in large
(mukofot puli) quantities. [countable] money given
as a reward
[countable] a small piece of glass, wood,
Bead biːd (taqinchoq) munchoq, noun
etc., with a hole through it, that can be put
marjon, (tasbeh) on a string with others of the same type
and worn as jewellery, etc.
Ferry feri olib o’tmoq, olib borib verb a boat or ship that carries people,
qo’ymoq (kema orqali) vehicles and goods across a river or
across a narrow part of the sea
a person, especially a soldier, sent out
Scout skaʊt razvedkachi, josus noun
to get information about where the
enemy are and what they are doing

43
 [countable] a large mass of something
Cloud klaʊd 2. tutun noun
in the air, for example dust or smoke,
or a number of insects flying all
together B1
[uncountable] the fact of having a
Shelter ʃeltə boshpana noun
place to live or stay, considered as a
basic human need B2
to damage something so badly that it
Ruin ruːɪn vayron qilmoq, rasvosini verb
loses all its value, pleasure, etc. B2
chiqarmoq
to breathe air in through your nose in a
Sniff snɪf hidlamoq, chuqur nafas olib verb
way that makes a sound, especially
hidlamoq when you are crying, have a cold, etc.
a reptile with a long body and tail, four
Lizard lɪzəd kaltakesak noun
short legs and a rough skin. There are
many different types of lizard.
Interference ɪntəˈfɪərə aralashish, aralashuv noun the act of getting involved in and
ns trying to influence a situation that
should not really involve you, in a way
that annoys other people C1
Stimulus stɪmjələs rag’batlantiruvchi omil, noun something that helps
somebody/something to develop better
qiziqtiradigan narsa, stimul or more quickly C1
to let somebody come out of a place
Release rɪˈliːs ozod qilmoq, xalos verb
where they have been kept or stuck
qilmoq/etmoq and unable to leave or move B1
Abundance əˈbʌndən serobgarchilik, mo’l - noun a large quantity that is more than
s ko’lchilik enough C1
Accomplish əˈkʌmplɪ amalga oshirmoq, verb to succeed in doing or
ʃ bajarmoq, erishmoq, completing something B2
yakunlamoq
Scent sent hid, xushbo’y hid noun the pleasant smell that
something has

44
 Unit – 10
“Space, physics”
New words Pronun Meaning in Uzbek Form Definition
ciation
Application æplɪˈkeɪʃn 2. foydalanish, ishlatish noun the practical use of something,
especially a theory, discovery,
etc. B2
Spin spɪn aylantirmoq verb to turn round and round quickly;
to make something do this C1
Totality təʊˈtæləti to’lalik, butunlik noun the state of being complete or whole;
the whole number or amount
a small piece of glass, wood, etc., with a
Bead biːd munchoq, marjon noun
hole through it, that can be put on a string
with others of the same type and worn as
jewellery, etc.
Rugged rʌɡɪd notekis, o’ng’ir-cho’ng’ir adj. (of the landscape) not level or
smooth and having rocks rather
than plants or trees
Smash smæʃ chilparchin qilmoq, parcha- verb Khabib: I’m gonna smash you.
parcha qilmoq
relating to the most basic and
Radical rædɪkl tubdan, keskin, mutlaqo adj.
important parts of something;
complete and detailed C1
Expel ɪkˈspel haydab yubormoq, verb to officially make somebody leave
chetlashtirmoq a school or an organization
Congeal kənˈdʒiːl qotmoq, qatiqlashmoq verb (of blood, fat, etc.) to become
thick or solid
boon (to/for somebody) something
Boon buːn yengillik, foyda noun
that is very helpful and makes life
easier for you
to move from side to side in an unsteady
Wobble wɒbl ikkilanmoq verb
way; to make something do this

Astronomical æstrəˈnɒ fazoviy 2. ulkan, juda adj. (informal) (of an amount, a price,
mɪkl yuqori etc.) very large
Microscopic maɪkrəˈs juda kichik, mitti adj. extremely small and difficult or
kɒpɪk impossible to see without a microscope

Prolonged prəˈlɒŋd uzoq davom etadigan adj. continuing for a long time

to provide enough of what

Sustain səˈsteɪn (yashash uchun kk-li narsa adj.
somebody/something needs in order to
bn) ta’minlamoq live or exist C1
Protracted prəˈtrækt susaytirilgan, cho’zilgan adj. lasting longer than expected or
ɪd longer than usual
Lengthy leŋkθi juda uzoq davom etadigan adj. very long, and often too long, in
time or size C1
Momentary məʊmənt bir lahzali adj. lasting for a very short time
ri

45
Enduring ɪnˈdjʊərɪ uzoq davom etadigan adj. lasting for a long time
ŋ
continuing to exist or to have an
Lasting lɑːstɪŋ bardavom , davomli, adj.
effect for a long time. SYN: durable
barqaror
Particle pɑːtɪkl zarra, parcha, bo’lak noun a very small piece of something

The naked невооружённый глаз phrase the normal power of your eyes
eye without the help of an instrument
Puddle pʌdl ko’lmak, suv to’plangan noun a small amount of water or other
liquid, especially rain, that has
chuqurcha collected in one place on the ground
Sonic boom sɒnɪk baland portlovchi shovqin noun the explosive sound that is made
ˈbuːm when an aircraft travels faster than
the speed of sound
Swivel swɪvl (markaziy nuqta bo’ylab) verb a device used to connect two parts of
an object together, allowing one part to
burmoq, aylantirmoq turn around without moving the other
Tuck tʌk yig’ishtirib qo’ymoq verb to push, fold or turn the ends or edges
of clothes, paper, etc. so that they are
held in place or look neat
Evenly iːvnli bir tekkisda/maromda adv. in a smooth, regular or equal
way
Aurora əˌrɔːrə shimol yog’dusi noun bands of coloured light, mainly green
ˌbɔːriˈeɪlɪs and red, that are sometimes seen in
borealis the sky at night in the most northern
countries of the world
Sponge spʌndʒ gubka, machalka noun a bath sponge (= to wash your body
with in the bath)
Dense dens qalin, zich, (tushunish adj. areas of dense population C1
qiyin, murakkab)
Space debris debriː koinotdagi qoldig’lar noun Several people were injured by
flying debris in the explosion. C1
Coincidence kəʊˈɪnsɪd tasodif, to’qnashuv noun What a coincidence! I wasn't
əns expecting to see you here. B2
Sticky tape stɪki teɪp skoch noun clear plastic tape that is sticky on one
side, used for sticking things together
Crack kræk shiqirlamoq, qirsillamoq, verb The ice cracked as I stepped onto it.
darz ketmoq B2
Gently dʒentli yumshoqlik bilan, odob adv. in a way that is soft and light,
bilan, sekin not strong, extreme or violent
Brief briːf qisqacha, oz muddat adj. lasting only a short time; short
B2
Expand ɪkˈspænd kengaytirmoq, verb Student numbers
kattalashtirmoq are expanding rapidly. B1
Inflate ɪnˈfleɪt havo bilan to’ldirmoq, verb The balloons had been inflated with
puflamoq, ishirmoq helium.
Condensation kɒndenˈs parlanish noun The window was steamed up
eɪʃn with condensation

46
Eclipse ɪˈklɪps quyosh/oy tutilishi noun an eclipse of the sun/moon
2. so’nish, pasayish, kamayish
Evaporation ɪˌvæpəˈr bug’lanish noun the process of a liquid changing or
eɪʃn being changed into a gas
Harbour hɑːbə port, paraxodlar noun the harbour front/mouth/wall B2
to’xtaydigan joy
Light years laɪt jɪə juda uzoq vaqt, asrlar noun a very long time

Colossal kəˈlɒsl juda katta, ulkan, buyuk adj. extremely large

Immeasurable ɪˈmeʒərə beqiyos, cheksiz adj. too large, great, etc. to be measured
bl
Imperceptible ɪmpəˈs sezilmaydigan, adj. unnoticable
eptəbl bilinmaydigan, ko’z
ilg’amas
Transient trænziənt o’tkinchi, vaqtincha, qisqa adj. continuing for only a short time

Vast vɑːst juda ulkan/ko’p katta adj. extremely large in area, size,
amount, etc. B2
to break open or apart, especially
Burst bɜːst yorilmoq, portlamoq verb
because of pressure from inside; to
make something break in this way C1
Collide kəˈlaɪd to’qnashmoq, tortishmoq, verb Two trains collided head-on
(bahslashmoq)
Dilute daɪˈluːt suyultirmoq, verb The paint can be diluted with
(kuchsizlantirmoq) water to make a lighter shade.
Dissolve dɪˈzɒlv eritmoq, (rasman tugatmoq) verb Salt dissolves in water. C1

Penetrate penətreɪt teshib/yorib kirmoq verb to go into or through something

4. tubiga yetmoq
Pierce pɪəs teshib o’tmoq, teshmoq verb The arrow pierced his shoulder.

Release rɪˈliːs ozod qilmoq, qo’yib verb release somebody to release a

yubormoq prisoner
Repel rɪˈpel hujumni qaytarmoq, verb to repel an
bartaraf etmoq, o’zidan attack/invasion/invader
yiroq qilmoq
Solidify səˈlɪdɪf qotirmoq, qattiqlashmoq, verb to become solid; to make
(mustahkamlamoq, aniq something solid
aɪ
qilmoq)
Curiosity kjʊəriˈɒ qiziquvchanlik noun children show curiosity about
everything.
səti

47
 Unit – 11
“Technology, design”
New words Pronun Meaning in Uzbek Form Definition
ciation
Cyberspace saɪbəspeɪs киберпространствоб – noun the internet considered as an imaginary
являющаяся виртуальной space without a physical location in which
реальностьюб 2-мир как внутри communication over computer networks
компютера takes place

Expense ɪkˈspens xarajat, chiqim noun [uncountable] the money that

you spend on something B2
material made by weaving wool, cotton,
Fabric fæbrɪk gazlama, mato, material noun
silk, etc., used for making clothes,
curtains, etc. and for covering furniture B2
Foam fəʊm mochalka, (ko’pik noun [uncountable] a soft light rubber
material, full of small holes, that is
chiqaruvchi jihoz) used for seats, mattresses, etc.
[uncountable] a type of hard stone that
Marble mɑːbl marmar noun
is usually white and often has coloured
lines in it.
an official right to be the only person to
Patent pætnt mualliflik huquqi noun
make, use or sell a product or an invention;
a document that proves this C1
a large round stone, metal or wooden
Pillar pɪlə ustun, tirgak, arkon noun
post that is used to support a bridge,
the roof of a building, etc
Plank plæŋk uzun taxtacha (asosiy noun a long narrow flat piece of wood
masala) that is used for making floors, etc.
a strong material made
Polyester pɒliˈestə sintetika material noun
of fibres (called polyesters) which are
produced by chemical processes
a piece of wood, metal, etc. used to
Prop prɒp tirgak, tayanch, dalda noun
support something or keep it in
bo’ladigan odam/narsa position
a thin string of cotton, wool, silk, etc.
Thread θred ip, tola, rezba noun
used for sewing or making cloth C1
[uncountable] trees that are grown to
Timber tɪmbə qurilish uchun noun
be used in building or for making
ishlatiladigan yog’och things C1
Cutting-edge kʌtɪŋ eng zamonaviy, eng so’ngi adj. at the newest, most advanced stage in
ˈedʒ the development of something

Futuristic fjuːtʃəˈrɪs o’ta ilg’or adj. extremely modern and unusual in

tɪk appearance, as if belonging to a future
time
Demolish dɪˈmɒlɪʃ buzib tashlamoq verb to pull or knock down a building;
to destroy something
Dye daɪ bo’yamoq (asosan mat ova verb to change the colour of something,
sochni) especially by using a special liquid
or substance
Revolve rɪˈvɒlv aylanmoq verb to go in a circle around a central
point

48
 (formal) to hit somebody/something
Strike straɪk urmoq verb
hard or with force B2
Convenient kənˈviːni qulay, oson adj. useful, easy or quick to do; not
ənt causing problems B1
Harassed hærəst tushkunlikka tushgan , adj. tired and anxious because you
xavotir olish have too much to do
[uncountable] any system of sending
Wireless waɪələs radio, (simsiz uzatish) noun
electronic information, such as the
internet, phone signals, etc. without
using wires for the receiving
equipment
Browse braʊz sayr qilish, kezish, aylanib noun the act of looking at a lot of things
yurish, (do’konga kirib in a shop rather than looking for
one particular thing
hech narsa harid qilmasdan
shunchaki do’kon aylanish)
Shelve ʃelv chetga surib qo’ymoq, verb to decide not to continue with a
beetibor qoldirmoq plan, either for a short time or
permanently
Occur əˈkɜː sodir bo’lmoq verb to happen B1

Pace peɪs tezlik, yurish, qadam, noun the speed at which

shiddat somebody/something walks,
runs or moves B2
Savvy sævi amaliy bilim, uddaburonlik noun practical knowledge or
understanding of something
Cellophane seləfeɪn sellofan noun a thin clear plastic material used for
wrapping things
Embrace ɪmˈbreɪs 1. quchoqlamoq verb to put your arms around
3. (fikr/qarashni) qabul somebody as a sign of love or
friendship
qilmoq
Poppy pɒpi lolaqizg’aldoq noun a wild or garden plant, with a
large delicate flower that is usually
red, and small black seeds
a set of narrow pieces of leather and
Harness hɑːnɪs 1. ot abzali, egar-jabduq noun
metal pieces that is put around the
2. nimanidir nazorat qilish head and body of an animal, especially
a horse
Satellite sætəlaɪt suniy yo’ldosh noun an electronic device that is sent
into space and moves around
the earth or another planet. B2
Downside daʊnsaɪd yomon jihati/ tomoni/ tarafi, noun the disadvantages or less
minus tomoni positive aspects of something
Associated əˈsəʊsieɪ bog’liq, aloqador adj. if one thing is associated with another, the
two things are connected because they happen
tɪd together or one thing causes the other B2
the round part on some older phones, with
Dial daɪəl 3. eski telefon barmoq solib noun
holes for the fingers, that you move around
aylantirib raqam teradigan to call a particular number
to fasten one thing to another or make
Screw skruː shurp noun something tight with a screw or screws C1

49
Trail treɪl iz, asorat, qoldiq, noun a long line or series of marks that is
2. yo’lak, so’qmoq left by somebody/something C1
Divulge daɪˈvʌldʒ sirni aytmoq/oshkor qilmoq verb to give somebody information
that is supposed to be secret
Realm relm soha, jahva, sfera noun an area of activity, interest or
2. podsholik knowledge C1
Alley æli daraxtlar yoki binolar noun a narrow passage behind or
o’rtasidagi yo’l between buildings also alleyway
Modern-day mɒdn hozirgi kundagi, zamonaviy adj. of the present time. SYN:
ˈdeɪ contemporary
Genome dʒiːnəʊm (hujayra genlari birikmasi) the complete set of genes in a cell
genom or living thing
Sequencing siːkwənsɪ tartibga solish, ketma-ket noun 2. the process of arranging things
ŋ qo’yish into a sequence
Throw up θrəʊ qayd qilmoq, qusmoq phrase (informal) to vomit. SYN: be sick
She needn't rely any more on Rico
Rely on rɪˈlaɪ suyanmoq, tayanmoq, verb
- or her brothers, she could be
sb/sth ishonmoq entirely independent. B2
Mar mɑː buzmoq, beliga tepmoq verb to damage something or make
something less good or successful.
SYN: blight, ruin
Bias baɪəs adolatsiz munosabat, noun a strong feeling in favour of or
kamsitish, odam ajratish against one group of people, or
one side in an argument B2
Entirely ɪnˈtaɪəli butunlay, to’laligicha, adv. in every way possible;
batamom, to’la-to’kis completely B2
Whether weðə -mi yoki …. masmi/- conuc- used to express a doubt or choice
ma/yo’qmi tion between two possibilities B1
Preference prefrəns afzal ko’rish noun a greater interest in or desire for
sb/sth than sb/sth else B2
Akin əˈkɪn o’xshash, o’xshagan adj. similar to something (formal)

Unprecedented ʌnˈpresɪde oldin bo’lmagan , misli adj. that has never happened, been
ntɪd done or been known before C1
ko’rilmagan, ilk bor
Reinforce riːɪnˈfɔːs kuchyatirmoq, verb to make a feeling, an idea, etc.
mustahkamlamoq stronger B2
Cell phone sel fəʊn mobil telefon noun (american English) a phone

Explosion ɪkˈspləʊʒ portlash, (avj olish, tez noun the sudden violent bursting and loud noise
of something such as a bomb exploding;
n o’sish, jadallashuv) the act of deliberately causing something to
explode B1
Dilemma dɪˈlemə arosatda/ikki o’t orasida noun SYN: predicament. I could see no
qolish way of resolving this moral
dilemma. C1
De facto deɪ norasmiy, rasman emas adj. a person who lives with somebody
ˈfæktəʊ as their husband or wife, although
they are not officially married
50
Fission fɪʃn atom yadrosining bo’linishi, noun the act or process of splitting
buning natijasida katta miqdorda the nucleus (= central part) of
energiya ajralib chiqadi yoki an atom, when a large amount of
ko’payishning bir qismi sifatida energy is released
tirik hujayra bo’linadi
Quandary kwɒndəri ikkilanish, mushkul ahvol noun the state of not being able to decide
what to do in a difficult situation
Pool puːl basseyn, noun 6. a group of people available
2. ko’lmak for work when needed
I started my career in the typing
4. bir guruh
pool
Duo djuːəʊ duet, juftlik ijro noun two people who perform together
or are often seen or thought of
together C1
Cousin kʌzn uzoq qarindosh, turdosh noun 4. a way of describing things that
are similar or related in some
way
4. simple and not very accurate but
Crude kruːd oddiy, soda, umumiy adj.
giving a general idea of something C1
Culminate kʌlmɪn eng yuqori nuqtasiga yetib verb to end with a particular result, or
in/with sth tugamoq at a particular point
eɪt
Blind alley blaɪnd oxiri berk ko’cha noun progress in science cannot be
ˈæli made without exploring blind
alleys.
Tensile tensaɪl cho’ziluvchan, uzayadigan noun the tensile strength of rope

Strut strʌt tirgak, ustun noun a long thin piece of metal or wood
used to support a part of a building,
the wing of an aircraft etc
Credit sb kredɪt -dan deb bilmoq, sababli phrase He's only 30, and he already has
with sth bo’lmoq, ishonmoq four novels to his credit.
a wheel or set of wheels over which a
Pulley pʊli uzatma tasmasini haraktga noun
rope or chain is pulled in order to lift
keltiruvchi g’ildirak or lower heavy objects
Record rɪˈkɔːd yozib qo’ymoq, qayd qilib verb to write information down or store it in
a computer or on film so that it can be
qo’ymoq looked at in the future
Diligently dɪlɪdʒəntli tirishqoq, g’ayratli adv. in a way that shows care and
effort in your work or
duties )formal)
Legacy leɡəsi meros, asorat noun a situation that exists now because
of events, actions, etc. that took
place in the past C1
Renowned rɪˈnaʊnd mashhur, nomi chiqqan adj. famous and respected C1 We
asked for advice from the renowned
legal expert, Sam Pincher.
Lever liːvə richag, tutqich, dastak noun a handle used to operate a vehicle
or a machine

51
Become maɪəd (havf) …ostida qolib ketish phrase
mired (down)
in sth
Pop up pɒp ʌp qo’qqisdan, paydo bo’ladi phrase to appear, sometimes
unexpectedly. Click here, and a
list of files will pop up.
Tech-savvy tek ˈsævi texnologiyadan xabardor noun having a good knowledge and
understanding of modern technology,
especially computers. The bank
needs to meet the demands of
today's tech-savvy consumers.
Overhaul əʊvəhɔːl ko’zdan kechirib verb to change a system or method in
tamirlamoq/to’g’irlamoq order to improve it
Panel pænl 2. komissiya, hayat noun a group of specialists who give
their advice or opinion about
something;
Advent ædvent paydo bo’lishi noun the advent of new technology

Breakthrough breɪkθruː muhim o’sish noun an important development that may lead to
an agreement or achievement C1

Hazard hæzəd xavf-xatar, zarar noun something that can be

dangerous or cause damage C1
Initially ɪˈnɪʃəli avvaliga, boshida adv. at the beginning. Initially, the
system worked well. B2
Fraud frɔːd firibgarlik, masheniklik noun the crime of cheating somebody
in order to get money or goods
illegally B2
Outcome aʊtkʌm natija, oqibat, samara noun the result or effect of an action
or event. We are confident of
a positive outcome. B2

52
 Unit – 12
“Fashion and trends”
New words Pronun Meaning in Uzbek Form Definition
ciation
Mundane mʌnˈdeɪ zerikarli adj. Initially, the work was pretty
n mundane
Drab dræb zerikarli adj. The costumes were pretty drab
Chic ʃiːk bashing, orasta, xushbichim adj. She is always so chic, so elegant

Be (all) the reɪdʒ o’ta mashhur, zamonaviy idiom to be very popular and
rage fashionable
Fickle fɪkl o’zgaruvchan, tabiati adj. The weather here is notoriously
o’zgaruvchan fickle
Trendsetter trendsetə yangi urf/odatni boshlovchi, noun A person who starts a new fashion
modani boshlab beruvchi or makes it popular
Casual kæʒuəl oddiy, norasmiy (kiyim) adj. Jean felt more comfortable in
casual clothes B2
Hoard hɔːd to’plab/yig’ib qo’ymoq verb During the Covid-19 people began
hoarding food and supplies
Discard dɪˈskɑːd uloqtirmoq, yaroqsizga verb Discarded food containers and
chiqarmoq bottles littered the streets C1
Stockpile stɒkpaɪl to’plamoq, g’amlab verb People have been stockpiling food
qo’ymoq
Retain rɪˈteɪn o’zida saqlab qolmoq, verb She retained her tennis title for the
ushlab turmoq third year B2
Pride praɪd iftixor, faxrlanish phrase She had always prided herself
yourself on on her appearance.
sth
Thrifty θrɪfti tejamkor adj. Careful about spending money and
not wasting things. SYN: frugal
Insatiable ɪnˈseɪʃəbl hech qachon adj. Always wanting more of
qoniqmaydigan something; not able to be satisfied
Disposable dɪˈspəʊzə harajatdan ortib qolgan noun The amount of money you have left
bl ɪnkʌm to spend after you have paid your
income foyda taxes, bills etc
Ferocious fəˈrəʊʃəs yovvoyi, vahshiy adj. Very aggressive or violent; very
eng ashaddiy strong. SYN: savage
Sheer ʃɪə -ning o’zginasi adj. We were impressed by the
-ni o’ziyoq –moq sheer size of the cathedral. C1
Spur spɜː turtki bo’lmoq, undamoq, verb A fact or event that makes
you try harder to do something
ruhlantirmoq
Acquisitive əˈkwɪzətɪ dunyo ortirishga berilgan, adj. The post-war acquisitive society
v ochko’z
53
Remorse rɪˈmɔːs nadomat, pushaymonlik noun I felt guilty and full of remorse

Backlash bæklæʃ ommaviy e’tiroz noun The government is facing an

angry backlash from voters over
the new tax
Ambivalent æmˈbɪvəl aniq bir fikrga ega emas, adj. She seems to feel ambivalent
ənt ikkilangan about her new job.
Ambivalence æmˈbɪvəl aniq bir fikrga ega emas, noun Many people feel some
əns ikkilangan ambivalence towards television
and its effect on our lives.
Purge pɜːdʒ tozalamoq, bo’shatmoq, verb His first act as leader was to
quvmoq purge the party of extremists.
Clutter klʌtə to’ldirib tashlamoq, verb Don't clutter the page with too
palapartish yotmoq/turmoq many diagrams.
Leaf li:f θruː varaqlab/ko’z yugurtirib phrase To quickly turn over the pages of a
book, etc. without reading them or
through sth chiqmoq looking at them carefully
A magazine etc printed on good-
Glossy ɡlɒsi silliq va yaltiroq muqovali noun
quality shiny paper, usually with
magazine jurnal lots of colour pictures
Be brimming brɪm toshib/to’lib ketmoq phrase To have a lot of a particular
(over) with thing, quality, or emotion. He
seemed to be brimming with
sth confidence.
Disparate dɪspərət turli xil, tubdan farq adj. A meeting covering many
qiladigan disparate subjects
Converge kənˈvɜː (of people or vehicles) verb Thousands of supporters
to’planmoq, yig’ilmoq converged on London for the
dʒ rally.
Disposable dɪˈspəʊz bir martalik, odna razoviy adj. made to be thrown away after
əbl use
oil that is in its natural condition, as it
Crude kruːd tabiiy holatdagi neft noun
comes out of an oil well, before it is
made more pure or separated into
different products C1
Weave wiːv to’qish verb to make cloth, a carpet, a basket,
etc. by crossing threads or narrow
pieces of material across C1
Latent leɪtnt yashirin, ko’rinmas, sezish adj. existing, but not yet clear, active
qiyin. Latent disease or well developed
Municipal mjuːˈnɪsɪ o’z-o’zini idora qiladigan adj. connected with or belonging to a
pl jamiyat, kommunal town, city or district that has its
own local government C1
Obsolete ɒbsəliːt istemol/muomaladan adj. no longer used because
chiqgan, talabga javob something new has been
invented. obsolete technology
bermaydigan
Rag ræɡ latta-putta, eski-tuski noun a piece of old, often torn, cloth used
especially for cleaning things
Duster dʌstə changlatta, changartgich noun a cloth for removing dust from
furniture
54
Quit kwɪt to’xtatmoq, chiqmoq noun If I don't get more money I'll quit.
B1
Lest lest bo’lmasligi/qilmasligi conj. in order to prevent something
uchun from happening
Mobilize məʊbəlaɪz uyushtirmoq, birlashtirmoq verb to work together in order to achieve
a particular aim; to organize a
group of people to do this C1
In bulk bʌlk ko’p miqdorda, ulgurji, noun if you buy goods in bulk, you buy
large amounts each time you buy
optim them
Insulation ɪnsjuˈleɪʃn sovuq qotishdan, shovqin noun Better insulation of your home
o’tishidam saqlash/asrash will help to reduce heating bills.
Thrift shop θrɪft ʃɒp hayriya do’koni ya’ni eski noun a shop that sells clothes and other
goods given by people to raise money
kiyimlar sotiladigan for a charity
Cast-off kɑːst ɒf egasiga boshqa kerak noun a piece of clothing that the
bo’lmaydigan kiyim original owner no longer wants
to wear
Vintage vɪntɪdʒ vino tayyorlangan yil, uzum adj. 2005 was a particularly fine
terish mavsumi/ uzum hosili vintage.
High-end haɪ ˈend sifatli va qimmat adj. expensive and of high quality

Bale beɪl presslamoq, jipslashtirmoq verb a large amount of a light material

pressed tightly together and tied up
Exceed ɪkˈsiːd ortiq bo’lmoq, oshib/o’tib verb to be greater than a particular
ketmoq, ortmoq number or amount B2
Beg beɡ yalinib so’ramoq verb to ask somebody for something
especially in an anxious way because
you want or need it very much B2
Waterproof wɔːtəpruː suv o’tkazmaydigan adj. that does not let water through or
f that cannot be damaged by water
Virtually vɜːtʃuəli deyarli, -desa ham adv. almost or very nearly, so that any
bo’laveradi slight difference is not important
rəˈspɪrə nafas olish bilan bog’liq
Respiratory adj. Respiratory diseases include asthma,
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
disease tri kasal (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia,
and lung cancer.
Dispose of dɪˈspəʊz tashlab yubormoq phrase to get rid of somebody/something that
you do not want or cannot keep C1
Must-have məst hammada bo’lishi shart adj. necessary
bo’lgan narsa
Ecological fʊtprɪnt kishi boshiga to’g’ri noun (also ecological footprint)
a measure of the amount of the
footprint keladigan yer osti resurslari earth’s resources used by a person or
a population that lives in a particular
way
Mend mend yaxshilanmoq, verb 4. SYN: recover
yaxshilamoq, tuzatmoq
Go out of fæʃn modadan chiqish phrase
fashion
55
Wrap ræp o’ramoq (asosan sovg’ani) verb to cover something completely in
paper or other material, for example
when you are giving it as a present B2
Curb kɜːb nazorat qilmoq, tiyib verb to control or limit something,
turmoq especially something bad.
SYN: check
Aggravate æɡrəveɪt yomonlashtirmoq, battar verb to make an illness or a bad or
qilmoq, keskinlashtirmoq unpleasant situation worse. SYN:
worsen

56
 Unit – 13
“Rural life, city life”
New words Pronun Meaning in Uzbek Form Definition
ciation
Tranquillity træŋˈkwɪ tinchlik, jimjitlik, sokinlik noun an atmosphere of peace and
ləti tranquillity
Tranquil træŋkwɪl tinch, jimjit, sokin adj. quiet and peaceful. SYN: serene
Urbanite ɜːbənaɪt shaharlik noun a person who lives in a town or city
Tough tʌf o’gir, mushkul, qiyinchilik adj. having or causing problems or
difficulties B2
School skuːl o’rgatmoq, ta’lim bermoq verb (old-fashioned) to train or teach
someone to have a certain skill, type
of behaviour, or way of thinking
In excess of ɪkˈses -dan oshiq, -dan ortiq phrase more than a particular amount
sth
used when you want to emphasize how
Mere mɪə -gina, xolos, atigi adj.
small, unimportant, etc.
somebody/something is C1
Sprawl sprɔːl 2. keng yoyilgan joy, keng verb to spread in an untidy way; to
yoyilgan/cho’zilgan cover a large area
Encompass ɪnˈkʌmpəs (ko’p narsani) o’z ichiga verb The job encompasses a wide
olmoq range of responsibilities. C1
Shanty town ʃænti xaroba shaharcha noun Nearly 20% of the city’s
taʊn inhabitants live in shanty towns.
Congestion kənˈdʒes o’ta zichlik, to’la noun traffic congestion and pollution
tʃən
Frantic fræntɪk shoshilib chala qilingan ish adj. SYN: hectic They worked with
frantic haste.
Forefathers fɔːfɑːðə bobokalon, ajdod noun SYN: ancestor

Settlement setlmənt kelishuv, murosa noun Hopes grew that a workable peace
settlement might emerge. C1
Drastically dræstɪkli keskin, qati’iy adv. Output has been drastically
reduced.
Exodus eksədəs hammaning birdan jo’nashi, noun the mass exodus from Paris to
yopirilib ketishi/borishi the country in the summer
Cherish tʃerɪʃ asrab avaylamoq, verb Children need to be cherished.
g’amxo’rlik qilmoq
a place or experience in which
Idyll, idyl ɪdɪl susanbil noun
everything is peaceful and everyone is
perfectly happy. It will be a rural idyll.
Pastoral pɑːstərəl qishloq manzarasini adj. showing country life or the countryside,
especially in a romantic way
ifodolovchi
[uncountable] (formal) behaviour or
Virtue vɜːtʃuː yaxshi fazilat, xislat,ezgulik noun
attitudes that show high moral
standards C1
57
Undertone ʌndətəʊn ohangidan bilib turish, noun His soft words contained an
gapidan sezish undertone of warning. SYN:
undercurrent
Serene səˈriːn sokin, tiniq, bosiq adj. a lake, still and serene in the
sunlight
Alienate eɪliəneɪt o’zidan uzoqlashtirmoq, verb His comments have alienated a
ko’nglini qoldirmoq, yakkalaniib lot of young voters.
qolish, befarq
Concrete kɒŋkriːt fayzsiz shahar noun an unpleasant area in a city that is full
jungle ˈdʒʌŋɡl of big ugly buildings and has no open
spaces
Urban ɜːbən shahar kengayishi noun the spread of city buildings and houses
sprɔːl into an area that used to be countryside, or
sprawl the area in which this has happened
Slum slʌm kulba, shaharning nochor noun She was brought up in the
qismi slums of Leeds.
Escape ɪˈskeɪp qochmoq, qochib ketmoq verb Two prisoners have escaped.B1
Shortage ʃɔːtɪdʒ yetishmaslik, tanqislik noun food/housing/water shortages
kamchilik B2
Supply səˈplaɪ ta’minlash, yetkazib berish noun Advances in agriculture
increased the food supply. B1
Facility fəˈsɪləti qulaylik, shart-sharoit. noun Medical/recreational/educational
(ma’lum bir maqsadga facilities B2
barpo etilgan inshoot, bino)
Estate ɪˈsteɪt ko’chmas-mulk, uy-joy noun She lives in a tower block on an
estate in London. B2
Sewage suːɪdʒ chiqindi, quvirdan noun Chlorine is used in sewage
chiqadigan chiqindi suv treatment.
Recreational rekriˈeɪʃə ko’ngil ochar, zavqli adj. These areas are set aside for
nl public recreational use.
Pedestrian pəˈdestri piyoda, yayov yuruvchi noun a person walking in the street
ən and not travelling in a vehicle
Concrete kɒŋkriːt beton, sement adj. made of concrete B2

Peacefulness piːsflnəs tinch bo’lish, tinchlik noun SYN: tranquillity

Fondly fɒndli mehr bilan, suyib adv. I fondly remember my first job
as a reporter. SYN: affectionately
Various veəriəs har xil, turli xil adj. SYN: diverse B1

She looked desperately around for

Desperately despər 1.noiloj, umidsiz, adv.
a weapon. B2
ətli xavotirlanib 2. extremely, especially when
2.juda, o’ta zudlik bilan talking about bad situations.
desperately ill/unhappy/lonely
Serenity səˈrenəti tinchlik, osoyishtalik noun the quality of being calm and
peaceful
Emphasis emfəsɪs e’tibor, diqqat, urg’u noun SYN: stress There is too much
emphasis on reducing costs.B2

58
Permanent pɜːmənə doimiy, uzluksiz adj. She was unable to find a
nt permanent job. B2
Savannah səˈvænə tropik cho’l-biyobonlar noun Mount Kilimanjaro rises straight
up out of the African savannah.
Remain rɪˈmeɪn o’zgarmasdan, –ligicha verb remain + adj. to remain silent
qolmoq
Overwhelm əʊvəˈwel karaxt qilmoq, o’zini verb SYN: overcome The beauty of
m yoqotib qo’ymoq, hayratda the landscape overwhelmed me.
C1 2. to defeat somebody
qolmoq
completely. SYN: overpower
Appreciate əˈpriːʃieɪt qadrlamoq, qadriga yetmoq verb His talents are not fully
appreciated in that company. B1
Settled setld muqum, o’zgarmas adj. not likely to change or move

Overpopulated əʊvəˈpɒp aholi juda ko’p va zich adj. (of a country or city) with too
juleɪtɪd many people living in it
the part near the centre of a large city,
Inner city ɪnə ˈsɪti shahar ichi/markazi noun
which often has social problems
Housing haʊzɪŋ bir nechta bir xildagi uylar noun an area in which a large number of
estate ɪsteɪt kvartali houses or flats are planned and built
together at the same time
High-rise haɪ raɪz baland va ko’p qavatli bino noun a building that is very tall and
has a lot of floors
Downtown daʊnˈtaʊn shahar markazi noun in or towards the centre of a city,
especially its main business area B2

59
 Unit – 14
“Problems, solutions”
New words Pronun Meaning in Uzbek Form Definition
ciation
Predicament prɪˈdɪkə qiyinchilik, qiyin ahvol noun I'm in a terrible predicament.
mənt SYN: quandary
Pervasive pəˈveɪsɪvqoplab/egallab olgan, adj. the increasingly pervasive
tarqalgan subculture in modern society
Bout baʊt o’tgan qisqa davr noun There has been a severe bout of
2. tutqanoq inflation over recent months.
Prevail prɪˈveɪl mavjud/bor bo’lmoq. verb We were horrified at the
2. ustun kelmoq, g’alaba conditions prevailing in local
prisons. C1
qozonmoq
Dwell on sth dwel haqida ko’p phrase So you made a mistake, but
o’ylamoq/gapirmoq there's no need to dwell on it.
Insurmountable ɪnsəˈmaʊ hal qilib bo’lmaydigan, adj. SYN: insuperable (of difficulties,
ntəbl mushkul problems, etc.) that cannot be
dealt with successfully
Daunting dɔːntɪŋ tahlikali, xavotirga adj. SYN: intimidating. Starting a new
soladigan job can be a daunting prospect.
Intent ɪnˈtent qiziqish bildiradigan, adj. intent (to do something) what
maqdsad qilib qo’ygan, bor you intend to do. SYN: intention
C1
etiborini qaratgan
Alleviate əˈliːvieɪt yengillashtirmoq, verb alleviate something to make
kamaytirmoq something less severe SYN: ease
Hinder hɪndə xalaqit bermoq, verb a political situation that hinders
qiyinlashtirmoq economic growth. SYN: hamper
Mitigate mɪtɪɡeɪt zararni/ta’sirni verb Soil erosion was mitigated by the
planting of trees. SYN: alleviate
kamaytirmoq, yumshatmoq
Rectify rektɪfaɪ to’g’irlamoq, tuzatmoq verb We must take steps to rectify
the situation. SYN: correct
Compound kɒmpaʊn vaziyatni verb to make a difficult situation worse
d by adding more problems
murrakablashtirish
avert something to prevent something
Avert əˈvɜːt oldini olmoq verb
bad or dangerous from happening
Gain insight ɡeɪn chuqur tushuncha olish phrase to get more of a particular quality
into
Edible edəbl yeysihga yaroqli, yesa adj. The food at the hotel was barely
bo’ladigan edible.
Obstacle ɒbstəkl to’siq, g’ov, qiyinchilik noun a situation, an event, etc. that makes it
difficult for you to do or achieve
something SYN: hindrance B2

60
Paradox pærədɒk mantiqan noto’g’ri, noun [countable] a person, thing or situation
s that has two opposite features and
tushunarsiz jumla therefore seems strange
Sedentary sedntri kam harakat qilinadigan phrase in which you spend a lot of time
lifestyle hayot tarzi sitting down. a sedentary
job/occupation/lifestyle
Switch from swɪtʃ o’zgartirish verb to change or make something change from
one thing to another. He switched over
sth to sth from acting to journalism. B1
On a large lɑːdʒ katta hajmdagi adj. the large-scale employment of
scale women C1
ˈskeɪl
Setback setbæk orqaga tortuvchi muammo noun a difficulty or problem that delays
or prevents something, or makes a
situation worse
Dam dæm to’g’on noun a barrier that is built across a river in order to
stop the water from flowing, used especially to
make a reservoir (= a lake for storing water) or
to produce electricity C1
Exacerbate ɪɡˈzæsəb (kasallik yoki muammoni) verb exacerbate something to make
eɪt something worse, especially a
keskinlashtirmoq, disease or problem. SYN:
yomonlashtirmoq aggravate
Government ɪntəˈve aralashish, suqulish noun action taken to improve or help
intervention a situation.We don’t need further
nʃn government intervention C1
Hurdle hɜːdl to’siq, g’ov noun a problem or difficulty that must be
solved or dealt with before you can
achieve something. SYN: obstacle
Overcome əʊvəˈkʌ yengib o’tmoq, g’alaba verb to successfully control a feeling or
m problem that prevents you from
qozonmoq achieving something. She overcame
injury to win the Olympic gold medal. B2
Malfunction mælˈfʌŋ noto’g’ri ishlash verb (of a machine, etc.) to fail to work
kʃn correctly
Compromise kɒmprə kelishmoq, bir to’xtamga verb After lengthy talks the two sides
maɪz finally reached a compromise.C1
kelmoq
Fatal feɪtl halokatli oqibalar phrase
consequences kɒnsɪkw
ənsɪz

61
 Unit – 15
“Natural phenomena, agriculture”
New words Pronun Meaning in Uzbek Form Definition
ciation
Acid rain æsɪd (zavod tutunlari va gazlaridan noun rain that contains harmful chemicals
ˈreɪn paydo bo’ladigan) kislotali from factory gases and that damages
yomg’ir ) trees, crops and buildings
Aftershock ɑːftəʃɒk (yer qimirlashidan keyin noun a small earthquake that happens after a
bigger one. The area suffered a series
bo’ladigan) kichik yer of aftershocks measuring up to 6.3 on
qimirlashi the Richter scale.
cows and bulls that are kept as farm
Cattle kætl chorva, mol, qoramol noun
animals for their milk or meat C1

Desalination diːˌsælɪˈdengiz suvidan tuzni noun the process of removing salt

neɪʃn ajratish from seawater [uncountable]
Phenomena fəˈnɒmɪn (ajoyib) hodisa, qiziq holat noun Early retirement is a relatively
ən 2. muvaffaqiyatli odam/narsa new phenomenon in Britain. B2
[countable] a rough written version
Draft drɑːft eskiz, proyekt (xom reja) noun
of something that is not yet in its
final form. B2
Flooding flʌdɪŋ toshqin, suv toshqini noun There will be heavy rain with
flooding in some areas.
Fungus fʌŋɡəs zamburug’, qo’ziqorin noun a simple type of plant that has no leaves or
flowers and that grows on plants or other
surfaces. mushrooms and mould are both fungi.
Herbivore hɜːbɪvɔː o’txor hayvon noun any animal that eats only plants
a delicate coloured part of a flower. The
Petal petl gulbarg (gulning ochilgan noun
head of a flower is usually made up of
bo’laklari) several petals around a central part.
Puddle pʌdl ko’lmak noun a small amount of water or other liquid,
especially rain, that has collected in one
place on the ground
Reservoir rezəvwɑː suv ombori (juda katta noun a natural or artificial lake where water
is stored before it is taken by pipes to
miqdorda, ko’p, manba) houses, etc.
Shore ʃɔː qirg’oq, sohil noun the land along the edge of the sea,
the ocean or a lake B2
Nearly 850 species of birds have
Species spiːʃiːz tur, xil, nav, zot noun
been identified within the country's
borders. B2
Stem stem poya, o’simlik tanasi, palak, noun a tall plant with branching stems.
novda C1
2. qadahdagi dasta, tutgich
Tide taɪd dengiz to’lqini noun a regular rise and fall in the level of
2. harakat, oqim the sea, caused by the pull of the
moon and sun; the flow of water
that happens as the sea rises and
falls C1

62
 1. a small earthquake in which the ground
Tremor tremə tebranish, yerning ozgina noun
shakes slightly
qimirlashi, titrash 2. a slight shaking movement in a part
of your body caused, for example, by
cold or fear. SYN: quiver
Dense dens qalin, zich, (tushunish noun areas of dense population. C1
qiyin, murakkab)
Resistant rɪˈzɪstənt chidamli, qarshi tura noun plants that are resistant to
oladigan disease
Severe sɪˈvɪə juda yomon, juda jiddiy noun extremely bad or serious. B2

Torrential təˈrenʃl shiddatli noun torrential rain

Storm in a stɔːm pashadan fil yashash, phrase

teacup tiːkʌp ortiqcha vahima qilish
Be snowed snəʊ boshidan oshib toshib phrase
under (with ketgan, ko’milib ketmoq
sth)
Every cloud klaʊd har bir yomonning bir phrase
has a silver yaxshisi bor
lining
In the cold kəʊld tinch paytda, tinchlangan phrase
light of day paytda
Not have the fɒɡi umuman phrase
foggiest idea bilmaslik/tushunmaslik
The calm kɑːm to’palondan oldingi phrase
before the sukunat/tinchlik
storm
Vicious circle vɪʃəs muammolar girdobi adj. She can't see any way to break
ˈsɜːkl out of this vicious circle.
Breed briːd bolalamoq, ko’paymoq. verb 3. to be the cause of something.
boqmoq, ko’paytirmoq. Nothing breeds success like
success. C1
sabab bo’lmoq.
turtki bo’lmoq
Cultivate kʌltɪveɪt yer haydamoq verb 2. to grow plants or crops. The people
cultivate mainly rice and beans. C1
2. yetishtirmoq, o’stirmoq
the steady and continuous movement
Flow fləʊ oqib kelmoq, quyilmoq, verb
of something/somebody in one
toshmoq direction B1
Sow səʊ ekmoq, sochmoq, sepmoq verb to plant or spread seeds in or on
the ground
Erupt ɪˈrʌpt otilib chiqmoq verb The volcano could erupt at any
time. B2
Deafen defn kar qilmoq, quloqni teshib verb The noise of the siren was
yuboray demoq deafening her.

63
Weather the weðə tegirmondan butun chiqish phrase to experience a difficult period
and reach the end of it without
storm being harmed or damaged too much
Know which bləʊ gap nima haqida ekanligini phrase
way the wind bilish
is blowing
Hype haɪp odamlarni qiziqtiruvchan noun Don't believe all the hype—the
reklama book isn't that good.
Pasture pɑːstʃə yaylov, o’tloq. noun land covered with grass that is
hayot tarsi, sharoit suitable for feeding animals on
Horticulture hɔːtɪkʌltʃə o’simliklarni o’sishini noun the study or practice of growing
flowers, fruit and vegetables. a
o’rganish. college of agriculture and horticulture
2. bog’dorchilik, polizchilik
a large piece of farming equipment
Plow plaʊ omoch, plug (yer verb
with one or several curved blades, (=
haydaydigan uskuna metal cutting parts) pulled by
traktordagi) a tractor or by animals.
(of liquid) to fall in small drops.
Drip drɪp tomchilatmoq verb
Water was dripping down the walls.
cruel, severe and unkind. The
Harsh hɑːʃ ayovsiz, keskin, qattiq, adj.
punishment was harsh and unfair. C1
og’ir
Proliferate prəˈlɪfəre ko’paymoq, soni/miqdori verb to increase rapidly in number or
ɪt oshmoq amount. SYN: multiply
a surfeit of sɜːfɪt keragidan ortiq, juda ko’p, noun an amount of something that is too
large or that is more than you need.
sth ortiqcha SYN: excess
Maize meɪz makkajo’xori, makka, don noun US: corn. We grew maize, rice,
beans and sesame.
Detrimental detrɪˈme zararli, ziyonli adj. harmful. SYN: damaging. The
ntl sun’s detrimental effect on skin
Nasty nɑːsti juda yomon, ozor beradigan adj. very bad or unpleasant. He had
a nasty accident. B2
Guard ɡɑːd chorasini ko’rmoq, oldini phrase to take care to prevent something or
against sth olmoq to protect yourself from something
Poplar pɒplə terak noun a tall straight tree with soft wood

Dress up dres ʌp bashing kiyinmoq, maxsus verb to wear clothes that are more
kiyim kiymoq formal than those you usually wear
a liquid that is painted onto wood, metal,
Varnish vɑːnɪʃ yaltiroqlik, jilo, sayqal noun
etc. and that forms a hard shiny surface
that you can see through when it is dry
said, made or done very quickly,
Hasty heɪsti shoshilib bajarilgan adj.
especially when this has bad results.
SYN: hurried
Fragmentation fræɡmen parchalanish, bo’linib ketish adj. the act or process of breaking or making
ˈteɪʃn something break into small pieces or parts

64
Influx ɪnflʌks yopirilib/qo’shilib/oqib noun the fact of a lot of people, money or
kelish things arriving somewhere
Vulnerable vʌlnərəbl nimjon, nozik adj. These offices are highly
vulnerable to terrorist attack. C1
Soak into səʊk sizib o’tmoq, (suvga phrase
botirmoq)
Staple food steɪpl eng kerakli oziq-ovqat noun

Pest pest zararkunanda noun an insect or animal that destroys

plants, food, etc.
the grey or black powder that is left after
Ash æʃ kul noun something, especially tobacco, wood or
coal, has burnt. [uncountable] C1
Mud mʌd loy, balchiq noun The car wheels got stuck in the
mud. B1
Deplete dɪˈpliːt kamaytirmoq, ozaytirmoq verb Food supplies were severely
depleted.
Resistant to rɪˈzɪstənt … ga chidamli adj. not affected by something; able
to resist something
Fragile frædʒaɪl mo’rt, tez sinadigan, nozik, adj. Be careful not to drop it; it’s very
nimjon, zaif, kuchsiz fragile. C1
a small, narrow river. 2. a continuous
Stream striːm 1. ariq, anhor noun
flow of people or vehicles. I've had
2.to’da, gala, oqim a steady stream of visitors. B2
Viable eng to’g’ri yechim phrase
solution
Conversely kɒnvɜːsli aksincha adv. in a way that is the opposite of
something (formal)
Ship ʃɪp yukni jo’natmoq, yetkazib verb to send goods somewhere by
bermoq ship, plane, truck etc

65
 Unit – 16
“Energy, natural resources”
New words Pronun Meaning in Uzbek Form Definition
ciation
Scarce skeəs kam, yetarli emas, adj. Food was becoming scarce.
yetishmaydigan, tanqis
Take sth or ɡrɑːntɪ qadriga yetmaslik, hamma phrase
sb for d narsani oddiy qabuk qilish
granted
Ochre əʊkə (sariq yoki qizil tusli noun a type of red or yellow earth
mineral bo’yoq) oxra used in some paints and dyes
Quarry kwɒri kondan (tosh/marmar) qazib verb to dig stone or sand from a
olmoq quarry
Cove kəʊv kichik ko’rfaz noun a small bay (= an area of sea that is
partly surrounded by land)
Convict kənˈvɪkt mahbus, mahkum noun someone who has been proved to be
guilty of a crime and sent to prison C1
Lead liːd qo’rg’oshin noun

Outskirts aʊtskɜːts shahar markazidan ancha noun They live on the outskirts of
uzoqda Milan.
Malleable mæliəbl egiluvchan, (yumshoq adj. (of metal, etc.) that can be hit or
pressed into different shapes easily
tabiat, qayoqqa boshlasa without breaking or cracking (=
ketaveradigan) starting to split)
Ore ɔː ruda (metal) noun rock, earth, etc. from which
metal can be obtained
to heat and melt ore (= rock that
Smelt smelt temir rudasini eritmoq verb
contains metal) in order to obtain
the metal it contains
(used especially in newspapers) an
Bid bɪd biror narsa qilish yoki biror noun
effort to do something or to obtain
narsa olishga intilish something C1
Incentive ɪnˈsentɪv rag’batlantiruvchi/ noun something that encourages you to do
something. There is no incentive for
ruhlantiruvchi narsa people to save fuel. B2
a white or almost clear semi-
Opal əʊpl bezak buyumlarga noun
precious stone in which changes of
ishlatiladigan mineral colour are seen, used in jewellery
Gem dʒem qimmatbaho tosh, gavhar, noun SYN: jewel, precious stone
javohir
Contend kənˈtend ishontirib aytmoq verb (formal) to say that something is
true, especially in an argument
2. bahs olib bormoq,
SYN: maintain. C1
kurashmoq
Entail ɪnˈteɪl talab qilmoq, kerak verb to involve something that cannot be
avoided SYN: involve The job entails
bo’lmoq, taqozo qilmoq a lot of hard work.
66
Wean sb wiːn miqdorini kamaytimoq, asta phrase to make somebody gradually stop
off/from sth to’xtatmoq doing or using something
[countable] a place where large
Quarry kwɒri tosh koni noun
amounts of stone, etc. are dug out
of the ground
The perfect spɒt joy noun a small round area that has a
spot for solar different colour or feels different
from the surface it is on B1
farm
Used dɪˈskɑː tashlab yuborish verb (formal) to get rid of something
vegetable oil that you no longer want or need
d C1
discarded by
restaurants
It should əˈpiːl yoqmoq (ko’ngliga) noun a quality that makes
appeal to the somebody/something attractive
or interesting B2
public
Lead is ɪkˈstræ ajratib olish verb to remove or obtain a substance
extracted by from something, for example by
kt using an industrial or a chemical
smelthing the
process. C1
rock…
No need to dwɪndl qisqartirish verb to become gradually less or
worry about smaller
dwinding
supplies…
(informal) to think something or
Reckon rekən deb verb
have an opinion about something. I
hisoblamoq/qaramoq/tan
reckon (that) I’m going to get
olmoq that job. B2
a type of heavy, sticky earth that becomes
Clay kleɪ loy noun
hard when it is baked and is used to make
things such as pots and bricks

67
 Unit – 17
“Management, personal finance”
New words Pronun Meaning in Uzbek Form Definition
ciation
a thing of value, especially property,
Asset æset mol-mulk, aktivlar, asosiy noun
that a person or company owns, which
vosita (kompaniyaga asosan) can be used or sold to pay debts. B2
the practice of buying a company that
Asset- æset qiyin ahvoldagi kompaniya noun
is in financial difficulties at a low price
stripping strɪpɪŋ arzon narxga sotib olib and then selling everything that it
keyin uni qimmatga sotish owns in order to make a profit
Bankruptcy bæŋkrʌpt bankrot bo’lish noun the state of being bankrupt. SYN:
si insolvency
Budget bʌdʒɪt byudjet noun an annual budget of £10 million
B2
Credit rating kredɪt bank tomonidan noun a judgement made by a bank, etc.
about how likely somebody is to pay
reɪtɪŋ hisoblanadigan qarzdorlikni back money that they borrow, and how
qaytara olish darajasi safe it is to lend money to them
Schools and hospitals will need to be
Cutback kʌtbæk kamaytirish, qisqartirish noun
prepared for sharp cutbacks in public
spending.
Earnings ɜːnɪŋz ishlab topilgan mablag’, noun the money that you earn for the
kirim, olingan foyda work that you do C1
Equity ekwəti 1. kompaniya aksiyasining noun 4. (formal) a situation in which
qiymati. 2. kompaniyaning everyone is treated equally.
A society where justice and
daromad foizi
equity prevail SYN: fairness
belgilanmagan ulushlari. 3.
adolatlilik, haqqoniylik,
tenglik
Household haʊshəʊl ommalashgan nom, noun a person, thing or name that has
name d ˈneɪm mashhur become very well known
Luxury lʌkʃəri hashamatli/qimmat noun expensive goods bought for
goods mahsulotlar comfort and pleasure, not as a basic
need
Bankrupt bæŋkrʌpt bankrot bo’lish adj. SYN: insolvent

Hands-on hændz boshqarish va tashkiliy adj. He has a very hands-on

ˈɒn ishlar, qarorlar qabul approach to management.
qilishda ma’sul bo’lish
Managerial mænəˈdʒ ma’muriy, boshqaruv, adj. connected with the work of a
ɪəriəl menejerlik manager
Calculated rɪsk yaxshilab ko’rib/o’rganib phrase something risky that you do after
risk chiqilgan xavf-xatar va thinking carefully about what might
happen B1
tavakallar

68
Opportunity træk holat bo’yicha xabardor phrase to have/not have information about what is
happening or where somebody/something is. I
keep track of bo’lib turish, vaziyatni lost all track of time (= forgot what
kuzatib turish time it was).
Make a name jɔːˈself … sifatida nom qozonish phrase
for yourself
Win-win sɪtʃuˈeɪʃn o’zaro manfaatli, ikki phrase
situation tomonga ham foydali
Amalgamate əˈmælɡə qo’shilmoq, birlashmoq verb they join together to form one
meɪt large organization. SYN: merge
Concern kənˈsɜːn aloqador/tegishli bo’lmoq, verb to affect somebody/something;
qamrab olmoq, gap ketmoq, to involve somebody/something
B2
taaluqli
Proud praʊd faxrlanmoq, g’ururlanmoq adj. The proud owner of a new car B1
Sell like hot keɪks eng ko’p sotilayotgan phrase to sell quickly and in
cakes large amounts
Spanner in spænə muammoga ko’milish phrase informal to unexpectedly do
something that prevents a plan
the works or process from succeeding
Corner the kɔːnə monopol bo’lish phrase to gain control of the whole supply of a
particular kind of goods
market
The bottom bɒtəm eng muhum joyi/jihati exclami used to tell someone what the
line shundaki nation most important part of
a situation is, or what the most
important thing to consider is
Be in the red red qarzga botgan phrase (informal) to owe money to your bank
because you have spent more than you
have in your account
Domestic dəˈmestɪ mamlakatning ichidagi, adj. of or inside a particular country;
k mahalliy not foreign or international B2
Draw up drɔː yozib tayyorlamoq, phrase to make or write something that
chizib/tuzib chiqmoq needs careful thought or
planning
(reja,loyiha, kabilarni)
Tough tʌf og’ir, qiyin, mushkul adj. having or causing problems or
(vaziyat) difficulties B2
Tempt tempt jalb etmoq, qiziqtirmoq verb I was tempted by the dessert
menu. C1
Paid-up peɪd to’liq to’langan adj. having paid all the money
2. kuchli qo’llab necessary to be a member of a
ˈʌp club or an organization
quvatlamoq, taraf bo’lmoq
Negotiate nɪˈɡəʊʃie kelishmoq, muzokara olib verb The government will not
ɪt bormoq negotiate with terrorists. B2
Hold həʊld 9. egalik qilmoq verb to have something you have
gained or achieved B2
Recruit rɪˈkruːt ishga jalb qilmoq/olmoq verb to find new people to join a
company, an organization, the
armed forces, etc. B2

69
A deal diːl bitim, kelishuv noun

Accuracy ækjərəsi aniqlik, to’g’rilik noun She hits the ball with great
accuracy. B2
Occupation ɒkjuˈpeɪʃ kasb. 2. hobbi noun a job or profession B2
n
Commitment kəˈmɪtm vada, bajarilishi kerak noun I'm not ready to make a long-
ənt bo’lgan vazifa term commitment. B2
Allure əˈlʊə o’ziga jalb qilmoq verb the quality of being attractive
and exciting
Enticing ɪnˈtaɪsɪŋ qiziqtiradigan, undaydigan adj. The idea of two weeks in the
sun sounds very enticing.
Postpone pəˈspəʊn keyinga surmoq, verb The game has already been
postponed three times. SYN: put
kechiktirmoq
off C1
Supplement sʌplɪmənt qo’shmoq, ko’paytirmoq, verb a thing that is added to
ilova qilmoq something else to improve or
complete it C1
Figures published today show another
Rate reɪt belgilangan qiymat, daraja, noun
fall in the rate of inflation. A2
narx, foiz stavka
Annual ænjuəl har yillik adj. happening or done once every
year B2
Purchase pɜːtʃəs sotib olmoq verb We recently purchased a home
just outside Las Vegas. B2
Average ævərɪdʒ o’rtacha, o’rta hisobda noun The average age of participants
was 52 years. A2
Grocery ɡrəʊsəri oziq-ovqat noun North American English
do’koni/mahsulotlari usually grocery store B2
Sheer ʃɪə mutlaqo, asl, sof adj. SYN: pure,utter Complete and
not mixed with anything else C1
Appoint əˈpɔɪnt tayinlash verb She's been appointed British
ambassador to the UN. C1
Erase ɪˈreɪz butunlay yoqotmoq, olib verb to remove something completely
tashlamoq
Financial dɪˈstres moliyaviy tanglik phrase a feeling of great worry or
distress unhappiness; great mental pai C1
Penalize piːnəlaɪz jazolamoq verb to punish somebody for
breaking a rule
Ill-informed ɪl biror narsa haqida yetarli adj. having or showing little
ɪnˈfɔːmd bilimga ega emas knowledge of something
Consciously kɒnʃəsli ongli ravishda adv. Consciously or unconsciously, you
made a choice.
Executive ɪɡˈzekjətɪ boshqaruvchi, rahbar, noun company/corporate/business/ind
v amaldor ustry executives B2
Unwittingly ʌnˈwɪtɪŋli bilmasdan adv. SYN: unknowingly She had broken
the law unwittingly, but still she had
broken it.

70
Overdraft əʊvədrɑː qarzga kirish noun She had run up an overdraft of
ft £3 000.
Transparent trænsˈpæ shaffof adj. (especially of an excuse, a lie,
rənt etc.) that you can easily see is
false; allowing you to see the
truth easily. SYN: obvious C1
a notable success/achievement/
Notable nəʊtəbl diqqatga sazovor adj.
example SYN: striking C1
Practitioner prækˈtɪʃə tajribali mutaxassis noun a person who works in a
nə profession, especially medicine
or law C1
Hostility hɒˈstɪləti adovat, g’araz, qarshilik noun [uncountable] strong and angry
opposition towards an idea, a
plan or a situation C1
Retaliate rɪˈtælieɪt o’chini/alamini olmoq verb to do something harmful to
somebody because they have
harmed you first. SYN: revenge
Lawsuit lɔːsuːt da’vo noun SYN: suit He filed a lawsuit against
his record label. C1
Defection dɪˈfekʃn tark etish noun defection (from A) (to B) the act of
leaving a political party, country,
etc. to join another that is
considered to be an enemy
Legitimate lɪˈdʒɪtɪm qonuniy adj. 2. allowed and acceptable
ət according to the law. SYN:legal C1
Flagrant fleɪɡrənt ochiqchasiga adj. (of an action) that shocks you
because it is done in a very
obvious way and shows no respect
for people, laws, etc. SYN: blatant
Explicitly ɪkˈsplɪsɪtl ochiqchasiga, aniq, ravshan adv. clearly or directly, so that the
i meaning is easy to understand C1
2. behaving or organized in a clever
Subtle sʌtl ustalik bilan, mohirona adj.
way, and using indirect methods, in
order to achieve something C1
Conceive kənˈsiːv deb o’ylash, tasavvur qilish verb (formal) to form an idea, a plan,
etc. in your mind C1
Deter dɪˈtɜː oldini olish, biror ishdan verb I told him I wasn't interested, but
qaytarish he wasn't deterred.
Offset ɒfset zararni qoplash, o’rnini verb Prices have risen in order to
to’ldirish offset the increased cost of
materials.
Incur ɪnˈkɜː 2. to’lashga majbur verb You risk incurring bank charges if
bo’lmoq you exceed your overdraft limit. C1
7. (informal) if a cheque bounces, or a
Bounce baʊns bank hisobida yetarli pul verb
bank bounces it, the bank refuses to accept
bo’lmaganidan chekni it because there is not enough money in the
to’lovsiz orqaga qayrarish bank account to pay it C1
We hope to recoup
Recoup rɪˈkuːp qaytarib olish verb
our initial investment in the first
year. SYN: recover

71
Lure lʊə qiziqtirish, havasini verb to persuade or trick somebody to go
keltirish somewhere or to do something by
promising them a reward. SYN:
entice
(law) an act that threatens to harm
Assault əˈsɔːlt tajovuz qilish verb
somebody physically, whether or
not actual harm is done C1
Pitch pɪtʃ 3. undash, o’z tomoniga noun talk or arguments used by a person
og’dirish trying to sell things or persuade
people to do something B2
Bind baɪnd bog’lamoq, birlashtimoq, verb Organizations such as schools
bog’lab turmoq and clubs bind a community
together. C1
Antagonistic ænˌtæɡəˈ dushmanlik ruhidagi adj. showing or feeling opposition
nɪstɪk SYN: hostile
Gain trust ɡeɪn ishonchini qozonish phrase
trʌst
Reveal rɪˈviːl oshkor qilish verb to reveal a secret SYN: disclose B2

Retain rɪˈteɪn saqlash verb SYN: preserve To retain your

independence B2
Exploit ɪkˈsplɔɪtbiror maqsadda ishlatmoq, verb to use something well in order to gain
as much from it as possible C1
foydalanmoq
Transaction trænˈzæk oldi-sotdi ishi, o’tkazmalar noun SYN: deal C1 Financial
ʃn transactions between
companies
Distinguish dɪˈstɪŋɡw ajratmoq, farqlamoq verb to recognize the difference
ɪʃ between two people or things.
SYN: differentiate B2
Impose penəlti jazo qo’llash phrase a punishment for breaking a law,
rule or contract. to impose a penalty
penalties

72
 Unit – 18
“Crime, punishment”
New words Pronun Meaning in Uzbek Form Definition
ciation
Capital kæpɪtl o’lim jazosi noun [uncountable] Public opinion was
ˈpʌnɪʃmənt in favour of bringing back capital
punishment
punishment.
Life sentence laɪf umrbod qamoq jazosi noun He’s currently serving a life
ˈsentəns sentence for murder.
the crime of attacking somebody violently,
Mugging mʌɡɪŋ tunash, tashlanish, noun
or threatening to do so, in order to steal
urib/yulib olish their money, especially in a public place
Offence əˈfens qonun/huquq buzarlik, noun [countable] an illegal act.
jinoyat SYN:crime B2
Organised ɔːɡənaɪz uyushtirilgan jinoyat noun (in Britain) a police organization that
d ˈkraɪm was set up to fight organized crime at
crime a national and international level. In
2013 it was replaced by the National
Crime Agency. (abbreviation SOCA)
Peer pressure pɪə preʃə tengdoshlarni bir biriga noun pressure from people of your age or
social group to behave like them in
bo’lgan kuchli ta’siri/taziqi order to be liked or accepted.
[uncountable] Teenagers are highly
influenced by peer pressure.
Petty crime peti kichik o’g’rilik noun a crime that is not serious, for
kraɪm example stealing things that are not
very valuable
Robbery rɒbəri o’grilik, bosqinchilik, noun the crime of stealing money or goods
from a bank, shop, person, etc.,
talonchilik especially using violence or threats B2
Vandalism vændəlɪz bezorilik noun Police condemned the damage as
əm an act of mindless vandalism.
Hostile hɒstaɪl g’arazli, dushmanlik adj. aggressive or unfriendly and ready to
argue or fight. The speaker got a
ruhidagi, adovatli hostile reception from the audience.
C1
not as strict as expected when
Lenient liːniənt rahmli, yengil jazo adj.
punishing somebody or when making
beradigan sure that rules are obeyed. The judge
was far too lenient with him.
Accuse əˈkjuːz kimnidir ayblamoq (qonun phrase
someone of buzulishida)
Juvenile dʒuːvəna yoshlar o’rtasidagi jinoyat phrase
crime ɪl
Underlying ʌndəˈlaɪɪ tub, yashirin, zamirida, phrase important in a situation but not always
ŋ easily noticed or stated clearly C1
negizida Unemployment may be an underlying
cause of the rising crime rate.

73
Jail dʒeɪl qamoqxona noun She spent a year in jail. B2

Convict kənˈvɪkt hukm qilmoq, aybdor deb verb to decide and state officially in court
that somebody is guilty of a crime C1
topmoq
SYN: minor (disapproving) small
Petty peti kichik, mayda, arzimas adj.
and unimportant
Juvenile dʒuːvəna o’spirin, o’smir noun (formal or law) relating to young
ɪl people who are not yet adults.
juvenile crime/employment
Prevention prɪˈvenʃn olidni olish, bartaraf etish noun [uncountable] the act of stopping
something bad from happening C1
Investigation ɪnˌvestɪˈ tergov, tergov ishlari noun a criminal/murder/police
ɡeɪʃn investigation B2
Armed ɑːmd qurol ishlatilgan jinoyat adj. involving the use of weapons B2
criminal
Bravery breɪvəri mardlik, dovyuraklik, noun SYN: courage [uncountable]
jasurlik
Launch lɔːntʃ boshlash, yo’lga qo’yish noun The government recently launched
a national road safety campaign. B2
[countable] a period of time for
Term tɜːm termin 3.muddat, vaqt noun
which something lasts; a fixed or
limited time B2
a formal examination of evidence in
Trial traɪəl sud jarayoni, sudga oshirish noun
court by a judge and often a jury, to
2. sinash decide if somebody accused of a crime
is guilty or not B2
Defendant dɪˈfendə ayblanuvchi noun the person in a trial who is accused
nt of committing a crime, or who is
being sued by another person
Suspect səˈspekt shubhalanmoq, gumon verb I didn’t want the neighbours
qilmoq suspecting anything. B2
Shoplifting ʃɒplɪftɪŋ do’kon o’marish/tunash noun the crime of stealing goods from a
shop by deliberately leaving without
paying for them. [uncountable]
Defend dɪˈfend himoya qilmoq, tarafini verb to protect somebody/something
olmoq from attack B2
Drift drɪft siljish, ko’chish, o’sish noun (+ adv./prep.) to move along
smoothly and slowly in water or air
C1 Clouds drifted across the sky.
Assault əˈsɔːlt zo’rlash, tajovuz, tahdid noun the crime of attacking somebody
qilish physical. Both men were charged
with assault. C1
Non- nɒn qamoq jazosisiz adj. (of a punishment) that does not
kʌˈstəʊdi involve a period of time in prison
custodial əl
Atrocious əˈtrəʊʃəs juda yomon, dahshat adj. SYN: terrible. very bad or
unpleasant
Trivial trɪviəl ahamiyatsiz, arzimas adj. not important or serious; not
worth considering. trivial detail
Severe sɪˈvɪə juda yomon/jiddiy adj. extremely bad or serious.
severe illness/disease B2

74
Disturbing dɪˈstɜːbɪŋ tashvishga soladigan, adj. making you feel anxious and upset or
shocked C1 a disturbing piece of news
xavotirli
I approve of əˈpruːv to’g’ri deb topmoq, verb I told my mother I wanted to leave
tasdiqlamoq school but she didn't approve. B2
Condone kənˈdəʊn yo’l qo’ymoq, ko’nikmoq verb to accept behaviour that is morally wrong
or to treat it as if it were not serious.The
college cannot condone any behaviour that
involves illicit drugs.
I object to ɒbdʒɪkt Men etiroz bildiraman phrase
All for ɔːl tarafdori, xohlamoq phrase (informal)
sth/doing sth
Graffiti ɡrəˈfiːti devordagi yozuv yoki rasm noun Someone had scrawled graffiti
all over the school walls.
Stabbing stæbɪŋ pichoqbozlik, so’yish noun an occasion when a person
is stabbed with a knife or other
pointed object
Charged tʃɑːdʒd bahs-munozaralarga adj. full of or causing strong feelings or
to’la/boy opinions
Sentenced to sentənsd … ga hokum qilingan phrase
Court kɔːt sud noun in court Relatives of the dead girl
were in court. B1
Reoffend riːəˈfend yana qonunbuzarlik qilmoq, verb to commit a crime again
рецидивист
Pre-teens priː ˈtiːn 11-12 yoshli o’spirin noun a young person of about 11 or
12 years of age
Delinquent dɪˈlɪŋkw huquq/tartib buzar noun a young person who tends to
ənt commit crimes. teenage delinquents
Escalate eskəleɪt kuchaymoq, jiddiylashmoq. verb to become greater, worse, more serious,
etc.; to make something greater, worse,
2. oshmoq, ortmoq more serious, etc..the escalating
costs of healthcare. We do not want to
escalate the war. C1
Gangster ɡæŋstə bezori, bandit noun a member of a group of violent
criminals. Chicago gangsters
Supervision suːpəˈvɪʒn nazorat noun Very young children should not be left
to play without supervision. C1
Cultivate kʌltɪveɪt … obrazni yaratish verb This modern image is actively
cultivated by the company. C1
She will become eligible for parole in
Parole pəˈrəʊl shartli ozod qilish noun
19 months.
Custodial kʌˈstəʊdi ozodlikdan mahrum qilish phrase a period of time that someone has to
əl spend in prison as a punishment
sentence
9. You have no grounds for complaint. B2
Ground ɡraʊnd asos, sabab noun
drəˈkəʊniən keskin adj. (of a law, punishment, etc.) extremely cruel
Draconian and severe. formal

Traffic træfɪk noqonuniy savdo qilmoq verb illegal trade in something

Crack down kræk jinoyatlarga qati’y chora ko’rmoq, phrase
daʊn qarshi kurashmoq

75
 Unit – 19
“The media”
New words Pronun Meaning in Uzbek Form Definition
ciation
Ridiculous rɪˈdɪkjələs ahmoqona, kulguli adj. I look ridiculous in this hat. SYN:
absurd, ludicrous B2
gazeta yoki jurnalda chiqadigan a part of a newspaper, magazine or website
Column kɒləm noun
that appears regularly and deals with a
ma’lum bir mavzudagi
particular subject or is written by a
maqolalar turkumi yoki maqola particular writer A2
Shoot to feɪm birdaniga mashhur bo’lish phrase to suddenly become famous,
fame especially as a singer or actor
High-profile haɪ OAV da ko’p ko’rinadigan, adj. receiving or involving a lot of attention
ˈprəʊfaɪl
ko’p quloqqa chalinadigan and discussion in the media C1

Make the hedlaɪn yangiliklarda tarqalmoq, idiom to be an important item of news

headlines/ ovoza bo’lmoq in the media
ɡræb
grab/hit
biror kim yoki nimanidir (often humorous) one thing that makes a
Chief clame tʃiːf phrase
person or place important or
to fame mashhur bo’lishiga sabab bo’lish
interesting
Rolling news rəʊlɪŋ 24 soat ichida uzatiladigan phrase
yangiliklar
Prominence prɒmɪnə mashhurlik noun a young actor who has
ns recently risen to prominence
Biased media baɪəst noxolis media axborot phrase
vositalari
Impede ɪmˈpiːd to’sqinlik/xalal bermoq verb (formal) SYN: hinder, hamper. In
what ways did economic factors
impede progress?
Ascribe sth əˈskraɪb nisbat berish phrase SYN: attribute
to sb
Blatant bleɪtnt ochiqchasiga adj. SYN: flagrant

Prejudice predʒədɪ noto’g’ri tushuncha/qarash noun Their decision was based on

s ignorance and prejudice. C1
Broadsheet brɔːdʃiːt katta gazeta noun The ‘Daily Telegraph’ is a
broadsheet newspaper.
Distort dɪˈstɔːt buzib ko’satmoq verb a fairground mirror that distorts
your shape C1
Taint teɪnt nomiga dog’ tushurish, verb The administration was tainted
obro’siga putur yetkazish, with scandal.
sifatini buzish
Dispute dɪˈspjuːt bahslashmoq, tortishmoq verb a dispute between the two
countries about the border C1

76
Cite saɪt misol/dalil qilib keltirish verb She cited examples of
companies the city has helped
relocate or expand. B2
Poll pəʊl so’rovnoma noun SYN: survey C1

Eminent emɪnənt nomdor, dong’i ketgan adj. an eminent architect

Distinction dɪˈstɪŋkʃ tafovut, farq noun distinctions between traditional

n and modern societies C1
Anticipate ænˈtɪsɪ oldindan ko’rmoq/his verb Our anticipated arrival time is
qilmoq va unga tayyorgarlik 8.30. B2
peɪt
ko’rmoq.
biror narsa bo’lishi haqida
o’ylamoq, intizorlik bilan
kutmoq

77
 Unit – 20
“The arts, personal taste”
New words Pronun Meaning in Uzbek Form Definition
ciation
Craft market krɑːft qo’l mehnati bilan qilingan noun
narsalar sotiladigan do’kon
Rehearse rɪˈhɜːs tayyorgarlik qilmoq, verb We were given only two weeks
repetitsiya to rehearse.
Stage steɪdʒ bosqich, pog’ona, (sahna) noun I can't make a decision at this
stage. A2
Pose pəʊz muammo chiqarish verb to create a threat, problem, etc.
that has to be dealt with
Abysmal əˈbɪzməl juda yomon, o’ta sifatsiz adj. extremely bad or of a very low
standard. SYN: terrible
Joyless dʒɔɪləs zavqsiz, baxtsiz, adj. bringing no happiness; without joy
xursandchiliksiz
Humorous hjuːmərə kulguli, hazilomuz, qiziq adj. funny; showing a sense of humour
s B2
Dismal dɪzməl yurakni ezadigan, g’amgin adj. SYN: gloomy, miserable. causing
or showing the feeling of being sad
Petrified petrɪfaɪd o’lgiday qo’rqadigan adj. SYN: terrified extremely frightened

Thrilling θrɪlɪŋ zavqli, hayajonli, adj. exciting and a lot of fun.

to’lqinlantiradigan A thrilling experience/finish
Spine- spaɪn qo’rqinchili lekin ajoyib adj. (of a book, film, etc.) frightening
chilling tʃɪlɪŋ in an exciting way
Hilarious hɪˈleəriəs juda kulguli, quvnoq adj. extremely funny B2

Gloomy ɡluːmi mayus, qayg’uli adj. SYN: depressing. nearly dark, or badly
lit in a way that makes you feel sad
Engraving ɪnˈɡreɪvɪ o’ymakorlik noun [countable] a picture made by cutting a
design on a piece of metal and then
ŋ printing the design on paper
[uncountable] a type of literature that
Fiction fɪkʃn badiiy/ fantastik asar noun describes imaginary people and events,
not real ones. A2
Tedious tiːdiəs juda uzoq, zerikarli, adj. lasting or taking too long and
charchatadigan not interesting. SYN: boring
(+ adv./prep.) to walk somewhere in
Stroll strəʊl sayr qilish verb
a slow relaxed way. People were
strolling along the beach.
Setting setɪŋ joy, manzara noun It was the perfect setting for a
wonderful Christmas. B1
Catering keɪtərɪŋ tadbirni kerakli ovqat va adj. Who did the catering for your
ichimliklar bilan ta’minlash son's wedding?

78
Amateur æmətə havaskor adj. an amateur photographer. C1
æmətʃə
Information buːð biror joy haqida umumiy noun
booth ma’lumot beradigan butka,
kiosk
Indigenous ɪnˈdɪdʒən mahalliy adj. SYN: native. The indigenous
əs peoples/languages of an area C1
Primitive prɪmətɪv ibtidoiy, qadimgi adj. The facilities on the campsite
were very primitive. SYN: crude
Sequence siːkwəns ketma-ketlikda noun The interviewer should ask
questions in a logical sequence. B2
Oyster ɔɪstə yesa bo’ladigan dengiz noun a large flat shellfish. Some types
of oyster can be eaten and others produce
molluskasi shiny white jewels called pearls.
Have good teɪst yaxshi didga ega, didi phrase
taste in yaxshi
We don’t teɪst didimiz bir xil emas phrase
share the
same tastes
Suit all tastes suːt hammani didiga yoqadigan phrase

A matter of mætə did masalasi, kimga qanaqa, phrase

taste hammani o’ziga bog’liq
Acquire a əˈkwaɪə … ga o’rganolmadim phrase
taste for
Relentlessly rɪˈlentləsli tinimsiz adv. her relentless determination to
succeed
Uplifting ʌpˈlɪftɪŋ kayfiyatni ko’taruvchi adj. an uplifting experience/speech

Blemish blemɪʃ dog’ noun a mark on the skin or on an object that

makes it look less beautiful or perfect
Sinful sɪnfl gunohkor, gunohlarga to’la adj. Dancing was believed to be sinful.
SYN: immoral (formal)
Decay dɪˈkeɪ chirimoq, yemirilmoq verb tooth decay. [uncountable]
Brittle brɪtl mo’rt, sinuvchan adj. hard but easily broken

Conceptual kənˈseptʃ nazariy adj. a conceptual framework within

uəl which children’s needs are assessed
Disdain dɪsˈdeɪn mensimaslik noun She treated him with disdain.
SYN: contempt
Embodiment ɪmˈbɒdi timsoli noun He is the embodiment of the young
successful businessman. SYN: epitome
of sth mənt
Yield to sth jiːld ko’nish, rozi bo’lish, o’rnini phrase (formal) to be replaced by
something. Canals yielded to the
bo’shatib bermoq railways for transporting goods.
Propensity prəˈpens moyillik noun her propensity for accepting a
əti challenge SYN: inclination

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Inclination ɪnklɪˈneɪʃ moyillik noun He did not show the slightest
n inclination to leave.
Grapple with ɡræpl muammoga yechim topmoq phrase to try hard to find a solution to a
problem.The new government has yet to
sth grapple with the problem of air pollution.
Juncture dʒʌŋktʃə palla, nuqta, payt noun The battle had reached a crucial
juncture. (formal)
There is no sʌbstɪtj ..ni o’rnini hech narsa bosa phrase The course teaches you the theory but
there's no substitute for practical
substitute for uːt olmaydi experience. C1
sth
The area was full of black smoke from
Hence hens shu sababdan, shuning adv.
factories, hence the name "the Black
uchun
Country." B2 (formal)
Faithfully feɪθfəli aniq, to’g’ri adv. to follow instructions faithfully.
exactly
Hands-off hændz o’ziga qo’yib berish adj. a hands-off approach to staff
ˈɒf management
Halt hɔːlt to’xtamoq verb to stop; to make
somebody/something stop C1
‘Halt!’ the Major ordered (= used
as a command to soldiers).
Falsify fɔːlsɪfaɪ soxta/qalbakilashtirmoq verb to change a written record or
information so that it is no longer
true.She was arrested for falsifying
information and obstructing the
course of justice.
very different from what you are used
Alien eɪliən notanish. adj.
to, especially in a way that is difficult
to understand or accept. SYN: strange.
When I went to New York, it all felt
very alien to me B2
Meticulously məˈtɪkjəl ehtiyotkorlik bilan, adv. in a way that pays careful attention
əsli sinchiklab to every detail.
SYN: fastidiously, thoroughly. A
meticulously planned schedule.
(formal) to use something
Deploy dɪˈplɔɪ samarali/unumli verb
effectively. My job doesn't really
foydalanmoiq allow me fully to deploy my
skills/talents. C1
Scrutinise skruːtəna diqqat bilan ko’rib chiqmoq verb He scrutinized the document. She
ɪz scrutinized his face.
to examine someone or something
very carefully
Vigour vɪɡə g’ayrat, shijoat, tirishqoqlik noun energy, force or enthusiasm. SYN:
vitality. He worked with renewed
vigour and determination.
Laborious ləˈbɔːriəs ko’p mehnat va sabr talab adj. Checking all the information will
qiladigan be slow and laborious.
Attain əˈteɪn erishish verb We only consider applicants who
have attained a high level of
academic achievement. C1

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 She smiled serenely and said nothing.
Serenely səˈriːnli tinchgina adv.
in a calm and peaceful way
Infrared ɪnfrəˈred infra qizil (nur) adj. infrared radiation
Endure ɪnˈdjʊə chidamoq, bardosh bermoq, verb The pain was almost too great to
ko’tarmoq, toqat qilmoq endure. (formal) C1
Durable djʊərəbl uzoq bardosh beradigan, adj. highly durable carpets for hotel
chidamli use
Eternal ɪˈtɜːnl abadiy, mangu adj. The promise of eternal life in
heaven. C1
to be much better or more important
Stand out stænd alohida ajralib turmoq phrase
than somebody/something
Embrace ɪmˈbreɪs imkoniyatdan foydalinib verb This was an opportunity that he
qolmoq would embrace. C1
Distinctive dɪˈstɪŋk ajralib turadigan, boshqacha adj. Clothes with a distinctive style
SYN: characteristic C1
tɪv
Ultraviolet ʌltrəˈva ultrabinafsha adj. an ultraviolet lamp.
(abbreviation UV)
ɪələt

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1-unit: 51 new words
2-unit: 135 new words
3-unit: 90 new words
4-unit: 178 new words
5-unit: 45 new words
6-unit: 52 new words
7-unit: 54 new words
8-unit: 27 new words
9-unit: 108 new words
10-unit: 58 new words
11-unit: 84 new words
12-unit: 61 new words
13-unit: 52 new words
14-unit: 30 new words
15-unit: 67 new words
16-unit: 26 new words
17-unit: 52 new words
18-unit: 58 new words
19-unit: 23 new words
20-unit: 66 new words

Overall: “Vocabulary for IELTS advanced” by Pauline

Cullen 1300 new words from 20 unit

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