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34 views2 pages

Document 33

Uploaded by

manisharma0175
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DATABASE:

A database is an organized collection of structured information or data, typically stored


electronically in a computer system. Databases are managed by Database Management Systems
(DBMS), which provide tools to create, read, update, and delete data in the database.

Data refers to raw, unprocessed facts and figures without any context or meaning. Data can come in
various forms, such as numbers, text, images, or sounds, and is often collected from different sources. In
its raw state, data is not useful or meaningful until it is processed and analyzed.

Characteristics of Data:

• Raw: Data is unprocessed and unorganized.


• Discrete: Data points are often individual and standalone.
• Objective: Data is factual and does not have any interpretation attached to it.

Information

Information is data that has been processed, organized, and interpreted to provide meaning and context.
Information is useful because it answers questions such as who, what, where, when, and how. By
analyzing data and extracting relevant insights, it is transformed into information that can be used for
decision-making and problem-solving.

Characteristics of Information:

• Processed: Information is derived from processing and organizing data.


• Contextual: Information has context and meaning.
• Interpretive: Information provides insight and understanding

Data Processing: The process of converting the facts into meaningful information is known as data
processing. Data processing is also known as information processing.

Metadata

Metadata is data that provides information about other data. It helps to describe, manage, and utilize data
more effectively by giving context and additional details. Metadata is essential for organizing, finding, and
understanding data, especially in large datasets or databases.

Database System Applications

1. Banking: For customer information, accounts, and loans, and banking transactions.

2. Airlines: For reservations and schedule information. Airlines were among the first to use databases in a
geographically distributed manner

3. Universities: For student information, course registrations, and grades.


4. Credit card transactions: For purchases on credit cards and generation of monthly statements.

5. Telecommunication: For keeping records of calls made, generating monthly bills, maintaining balances
on prepaid calling cards, and storing information about the communication networks.

6. Finance: For storing information about holdings, sales, and purchases of financial instruments such as
stocks and bonds.

7. Sales: For a customer, product, and purchase information.

8. Manufacturing: For the management of supply chain and for tracking the production of items in factories,
inventories of items in warehouses / stores, and orders for items.

9. Human resources: For information about employees, salaries, payroll taxes and benefits, and for a
generation of paychecks.

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