Tishk International University

Department of Civil Engineering

Fall - 2022

INTRODUCTION TO
CIVIL ENGINEERING

Ahmed Salah Jamal

ahmed.salah@tiu.edu.iq
LECTURE OBJECTIVES

• Introduction to Civil Engineering

• Scope of Different fields of Civil
Engineering:

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Engineering
• The word “Engineer” is derived from the Latin
word “Ingeniator” which comes from “Ingeniare”.
• Ingenious means ‘Clever person’ in Latin.
• Engineer cleverly uses the available natural
resources for the benefit of mankind.
• Provides comfort to mankind and makes life
comfortable.
• Application of scientific and mathematical
knowledge and rational thinking to improve
living standards.

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 Civil Engineering
• Oldest branch of engineering, next to Military engineering. All
engineering works other than for military purposes were
grouped into Civil Engineering. Mechanical, Electrical,
Electronics & present-day Information technology followed it.

• A professional engineering discipline that deals with the

analysis, design, construction and maintenance of infrastructural
facilities such as buildings, bridges, dams, roads etc.

• Application of physical, mathematical and scientific principles

for the convenience of civilization.

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History of Civil
Engineering

• Began between
4000 BC and 2000
BC (during Ancient
Egypt,
Mesopotamia, Indus
Valley Civilizations).
• John Smeaton was
the first self
proclaimed Civil
Engineer who built
Eddystone Light
House in 1759. CE 113 2022-2023 Ahmed Salah 5
Eddystone reef Plymouth Hoe
1759-1880s

Smeaton’s Tower
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Civil Engineering is Everywhere
Civil Engineering is a composite of many specific disciplines that include
structural engineering, water engineering, waste material management and
engineering, foundation engineering etc.

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 DISCIPLINES OF CIVIL ENGINERING

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Architecture & Town Planning
(In the past they were considered to be a part of the field of
civil engineering)

• Giving beauty to buildings is architecture

‐ Enhancing the appearance
‐ Maintaining heritage
• Proper planning of towns & cities
‐ Planning the layout
‐ Planning the road
‐ Separating the commercial, residential,
academic and industrial areas
‐ Planning green belt
‐ Planning sewage disposal units
‐ Planning water treatment plants and water
storage units
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 CE 113 2022-2023 Ahmed Salah

Building Materials
Technology
• This deals with materials used for
construction. Such as, brick, tiles, soil,
cement, stone, sand, steel, aggregates,
glass, wood, plastics etc. Some are
natural and many are man made.
• This deals with the proper use of
desired material economically and
safely.
• The mechanical properties of these
materials shall be sufficient to avoid
failure and excessive deformation and
provide durability.
• The chemical properties shall be to
maintain good environment.
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Construction Technology &
Management

• Deals with planning, scheduling and

execution of construction activities
related to a project.
• It includes men, material, time and
money management.
• Emphasis will be on new construction
practice, use of appropriate and local
technology, safety of men and material,
utilization of marginal materials etc.

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Construction Technology & Management
• Construction managers:
‐ Review contracts,
‐ Order materials,
‐ Hire and schedule subcontractors.
• The objectives of a construction manager are to:
‐ Provide quality control
‐ Ensure project is completed on time and
‐ Ensure project is completed within budget.

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Construction Technology & Management

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Environmental
Engineering

• Environment is the
available nature around
us. It includes the life
support system such as
water, air and land/soil.
• Environmental
engineering deals with
the technology to save
nature from human and
natural abuse and
pollution.
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Environmental Engineering
• The study involves balanced compromise between
environment and safety.
• It deals with:
‐ Technique of water collection, purification and supply
‐ Wastewater collection, treatment and disposal
‐ Control of all types of pollution

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Environmental Engineering
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Geotechnical Engineering
• All structures are founded on ground. Forces from a structure are
safely transferred to soil.
• Geotechnical engineering is essential to understand ground
behavior and interaction between soil and structure.
• Involves:
‐ Foundations
‐ Slopes
‐ Retaining Structures
‐ Highway pavement design
‐ Embankments and earth dams
‐ Tunnels, underground structures and deep cuts
‐ Etc.
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Geotechnical Engineering
• To assess the quality of soil or rock to carry the structure
• Proper knowledge of geotechnical engineering is necessary
for safety and stability of structures

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 Geotechnical Engineering
Foundation Soil and sub-
structure should resist
forces without failure or
excessive deformation

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Hydraulics, Water Resource & Irrigation Engineering
• Hydraulics deals with mechanics of
water (fluid) flow.
• Water resource engineering deals
with identification & utilization of
available water resources
minimizing the loss. Surface water
such as river and lake water and
ground water are usefully
managed.
• It also deals with ground water
utilization, ground water recharge
Archimedes Screw
and rainwater harvesting. Hand operated tool to rise water

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Hydraulics, Water Resource & Irrigation Engineering
• Irrigation engineering deals with water management for agriculture purpose.
• Dams are constructed at the desired locations to store water in reservoir when the supply from river is good
and to utilize for useful purpose during draught. Canals are built for the purpose. During excess input,
water is allowed to main river through the body of dam to avoid flooding.

Falkirk Wheel in Scotland Hoover Dam in USA

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 Hydraulics, Water
Resource & Irrigation
Engineering

• Water management involves the

use of hydrologic and hydraulic
principles to design:
• Drainage systems,
• Detention/retention ponds,
• Navigational waterways, and
• Flood control levees, dams,
and lakes.

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Remote Sensing & GIS

• This is one of the new fields.

• The improvement in space technology,

availability of GPS enhanced the scope of
geographic information system.

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Remote Sensing & GIS
• Good mapping technique helps to get required
information accurately and quickly to effectively
manage and monitor the available resources for
optimal use.
• GIS is a high-tech equivalent of map. It
represents a means to locate ourselves in relation
to world around us. It deals with measurement,
mapping, monitoring and modeling of
geographic information.

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 Structural Engineering
• A structure is the assemblage of two or more basic elements such as
beam, slab, column, truss, frame, shells etc. Burj Khalifa
• Deals with the requirements considering design for limit states of (Tallest
Building in
collapse and serviceability. the world)

Golden Gate Bridge Eiffel Tower

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Structural Engineering
• Involves determination of support reactions,
member forces and moments, deflection and
deformations.
• Deals with planning of positions/layout of
different elements and design
(determination of size, shape and material)
of component such that safety and
serviceability requirements are not
sacrificed, yet economy is considered.
• Repair, rehabilitation and maintenance is
part of structural engineering.
• It is used to analyze and design dams,
Bridges, Stadiums, Auditoriums, Multi-
storeyed buildings etc.

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Surveying Engineering
• It is involved in collection of topographic
features of a location for future construction.
• Objectives of Surveying:
‐ Execution of survey to collect topographic
Total station Theodolite Level
data
‐ Calculation and analysis of data, plotting
survey data to create design maps
‐ Provision of line, grade and other layout
works

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 Transportation
Engineering

• It involves planning, design,

construction/operation and
maintenance of transportation
facilities such as roads, railways,
sea/river and air transports
• In air strip runways, roads and
railway, the study includes the
design of pavement system.
• Maintenance and upgradation of
docks, harbors, airports, railway
system (based on requirements
and population growth) is a part
of this discipline.

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Transportation Engineering
• It deals with Transportation system planning and highway
material design

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 TIU CE DEPARTMENT CURRICULUM
GRADE FALL SEMESTER SPRING SEMESTER
Introduction to IT Eng. Mechanics
Calculus 1 Calculus 2
General Physics General Chemistry
Introduction to Civil Engineering Engineering Drawing
ONE

Academic Debate and Critical Thinking 1 Academic Debate and Critical Thinking 2
Advanced English Technical English
Kurdology 1 Kurdology 2
Turkish I/English Foundation Non-Technical Elective II/Advanced English
Mechnics of Materials 1 Mechnics of Materials 2
Fluid Mechanics Concrete Technology
Differential Equation Engineering Mathematics
TWO

Surveying 1 Surveying 2
Construction Materials Building Construction Techniques and Equipment
Non-Technical Elective I Geology for Civil Engineering
Statitstics
Structural Analysis 1 Structural Analysis 2
Soil Mechanics 1 Soil Mechanics 2
Reinforced Concrete 1 Reinforced Concrete 2
THREE

Construction Management Sustainability for Civil Engineering

Engineering Hydraulics Water Supply Engineering
Computer Aided Design Remote sensing and GIS Application
Traffic Engineering Introduction to Earthquake Resistance
Structural Concrete Design 1 Structural Steel Design
Foundation Engineering Sewage Systems Engineering
FOUR

Estimation and Specifications Highway Engineering

Design of Hydraulic Structures Pile Foundations
30 Construction Site Management &Safety Control Sustainable RC Design CE 113 2022-2023 Ahmed Salah
Supervised Independent Study & Research Graduation Project