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1.2 Ultrastructure of Cells - Worksheet

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15 views5 pages

1.2 Ultrastructure of Cells - Worksheet

Uploaded by

Zeynep Ortaköylüoğlu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name: Zeynep Ortaköylüoğlu

GRADE 11 HL BIOLOGY
1.2. Ultrastructure of cells

1. Draw and label the ultrastructure of a prokaryotic cell. Below is a list of labels that should be
included in your drawing:

● Cell wall
● Plasma membrane
● Cytoplasm
● Pili
● Flagella
● 70S ribosomes
● Nucleoid
● Naked DNA

2. This image is transmission electron micrograph of a bacterium.

a. Identify the labeled structures.

I: plasma membrane
II: cell wall
III: nucleoid region (naked DNA)
IV: 70S ribosomes

b.
i. Calculate the magnification of the image.
1 µm = > 2 cm = 20 mm
20 mm = 20000 µm
20000
1
= x20000

ii. Calculate the maximum length of the bacterium.


image size = 90 mm
1 µm= 20 mm
x µm= 90 mm
x = 4.5 µm
Cellular structure Function

Cell Structure Function

Cell wall Encloses the cell, protecting it and helping to maintain its shape; prevents the cell from
bursting in hypotonic (dilute) media.

Plasma membrane Separates and protects the inside of the cell from the exterior environment

Cytoplasm Medium that fills the cell and is the site of all metabolic reactions.

Pili Protein filaments on the cell wall that help in cell adhesion and in transferring of DNA
between two cells.

Flagella (singular: A threadlike structure that allows movement


flagellum)

70S ribosomes Involved in protein synthesis

Nucleoid (with Irregularly shaped region that contains genetic material (naked DNA)
naked DNA, that
is DNA not
associated with
proteins)

plasmid Small circles of DNA that carry a few genes; often these genes give the cell antibiatoic
resistance
3. Fill in the table below about the structures of a prokaryotic cell.
4. Label the organelles of the animal cell given below;
5. The image below shows a TEM micrograph of a liver cell
a. Identify the labeled structures.

b.
i. Calculate the magnification of the image.
Image size = 1.9 cm = 19 mm = 19000 µm
19000
1
= x19000

ii. Calculate the maximum diameter of the nucleus.


image size = 5.7 cm = 57 mm = 57000 µm

57000
19000
= 3 µm

6. Label the organelles or structures given below in a plant cell.


7. Fill in the table below with appropriate terms/explanations.

Cell Structure Function

Cell membrane Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Cytoplasm Fills the cell and holds all organelles. It also contains enzymes that catalyse
various reactions (such as glycolysis) occurring within the cytoplasm.

Mitochondria Produces ATP, has own genetic material, double membraned


(singular:
mitochondrion)

80S Ribosomes Does protein synthesis, contains rRNA

Nucleus Controls all the activities of the cell, as well as the reproduction of
unicellular organisms.

Nucleolus Part of the nucleus which is involved in the production of

ribosomes. Responsible for producing and storing lipids,

including steroids.

Rough endoplasmic Produces proteins with the ribosomes attached to it


reticulum

Golgi apparatus Packages, transports and modifies lipids and proteins

Secretory vesicle Moves molecules outside of the cell, does exocytosis

Lysosome Contain hydrolytic enzymes and play important roles in the destruction of
microbes engulfed by white blood cells, as well as in the destruction of old
cellular organelles.

Centrioles (absent Produce spindle fibers


from plant cells)

Helps in the osmotic balance of the cell and in the storage of substances. It may
also have hydrolytic functions similar to lysosomes.(absent from animal cells)
Cell wall (absent from Provides tensile strength, protection of the cell
animal cells)

Chloroplast These are ‘plastids’, that is double-membrane-bound organelles. They contain


pigments (in this case mainly chlorophyll) and are responsible for photosynthesis.

8. Explain why this pancreatic cell has high amount of rough E.R. golgi apparatus and secretory
vesicles.

Pancreatic cells need to do a lot of protein synthesis for secretion, that is why it has a high
amount of rough ER (protein synthesis) and secretory vesicles (secretion)

a.

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