MC3 – MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY (MICROPARA)

Name: Francine Dominique M. Collantes Course & Year: BSN1 Date: February 04, 2023

LECTURE ACTIVITY #1 (INDIVIDUAL)

A. On a short bond paper, kindly illustrate and label the following. Then, provide the function and description of each
organelle/part.

1. Prokaryotic Cell

Organelles / Parts Function Description

• plasma membrane this layer surrounds the cytoplasm and an outer protective covering of
regulates the entry and exit of substances in phospholipid molecules which
the cells separates the cell from the
surrounding environment
• cell wall a structural layer surrounding some types of outermost layer of the cell
cells, just outside the cell membrane which gives shape to the cell
• capsule helps in moisture retention, protects the cell in addition to cell wall, capsule
when engulfed, and helps in the attachment is an outer protective
of cells to nutrients and surfaces covering found in the cell
• flagellum flagellum helps in the locomotion of a cell these are long structures in the
form of a whip
• cytoplasm all the cell organelles are suspended in it it is a jelly-like substance
present inside the cell
• ribosomes it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell an intercellular structure made
of both RNA and protein
• mesosome these extensions help in the synthesis of the mesosome is a convoluted
cell membrane, replication of DNA, and membranous structure formed
protein synthesis in a prokaryotic cell by the
invagination of the plasma
membrane
• nucleoid (DNA) nucleoid is essential for controlling the it is an irregularly-shaped
activity of the cell and reproduction; it is region within the cell of a
where transcription and replication of DNA prokaryote that contains all or
take place most of the genetic material
 2. Animal Cell
Organelles /
Function Description
Parts
• pinocytotic main function the process of
vesicle of pinocytosis pinocytosis
is to absorb can be thought
extracellular of as cellular
fluids drinking
• lysosome key function of lysosomes are
lysosomes is membranous
digestion and organelles
removal of whose specific
waste function is to
breakdown
cellular wastes
and debris by
engulfing it
with hydrolytic
enzymes
• rough rough rough ER is
endoplasmic endoplasmic characterized
reticulum reticulum plays by the
a few roles presence of
within the cell, membrane-
largely bound
associated ribosomes that
with protein give it a
synthesis distinctive
appearance
under the
microscope
• smooth functions of smooth
endoplasmic the smooth er endoplasmic
reticulum include reticulum is
synthesis of continuous
carbohydrates, with the RER
lipids, and but has few or
steroid no ribosomes
hormones; on its
detoxification cytoplasmic
of medications surface
and poisons;
and storage of
calcium ions

Organelles / Parts Function Description

• cell/plasma membrane membrane is selectively permeable it is double-layered membrane made up
and allows only certain molecules to of phospholipids that surrounds the
pass through entire cell
• mitochondrion process of cellular respiration occurs also known as the “powerhouse of the
here during which energy is released cell”
in the form of ATP
• Golgi apparatus main function of it is the packaging Golgi body comprises 5 to 8 cup-
and secretion of proteins shaped, series of compartments known
as cisternae
• nucleolus primary function is to produce and nucleolus is a spherical structure found
assemble the cell’s ribosomes in the cell’s nucleus
• nucleus primary functions of the nucleus are nucleus is composed of several
to store the cell’s DNA, maintain its substructures and highly dynamic intra-
nuclear regions
 integrity, and facilitate its
transcription and replication
• centrioles organizing microtubules that serve as centrioles are paired barrel-shaped
the cell's skeletal system organelles located in the cytoplasm of
animal cells near the nuclear envelope
• micro tubules microtubules help support the shape a narrow, hollow tube-like structure
of a cell found in the cytoplasm

3. Plant Cell

Organelles /
Function Description
Parts
• large in a plant cell, cell's vacuole is
central the central a spherical
vacuole vacuole stores filled with liquid
water and and molecules
regulates
turgor
pressure
• amyloplast responsible for amyloplast is a
starch storage colorless plastid
and synthesis found in plants
• vacuole in plant cells, vacuole is a
membrane vacuoles help membrane-
maintain water bound cell
balance organelle
• chloroplast chloroplasts chloroplast is a
are the part of cell organelle
plant and algal that produces
cells that carry energy through
out photosynthesis
photosynthesis
• raphide its main raphide crystals
crystal function is to are shaped like
repel animals needles, and
away from are formed from
plants calcium oxalate

Organelles / Parts Function Description

• druse crystal allow the plants to store excess calcium druse crystals are usually globular or star-
in the form of calcium oxalate so that the like in shape, but calcium oxalate may
calcium can be remobilized if needed in form as needles or spear-shaped crystals
the process of calcium regulation (raphides)
• cytoplasm maintains the shape of the cell, provides cytoplasm in plant cells refers to the gel-
crucial support to the internal structures like material that occupies the intracellular
and is the suspension medium for the space formed by the plasma membrane
organelles
B. COMPARE and CONTRAST using a Venn diagram.

1. Prokaryotic cell vs Eukaryotic cell

Prokaryotic Cell - have DNA Eukaryotic Cell

- don't possess nucleus and membrane- - contains - possess nucleus and membrane-bound
bound organelles
ribosomes organelles
- unicellular organisms - filled with - multicellular organisms
- cell division occurs through binary cytoplasm - cell division takes place through mitosis
fission
- enclosed - linear DNA structure
- circular DNA structure with plasma
- has smaller number of organisms
- has larger number of organisms membrane

2. Animal cell vs. Plant cell

Animal Cell - both

Plant Cell
eukaryotic
- do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts - plant cells have fixed, rectangular
cell
- mostly round and irregular in shape shapes
- contain
- have a centrosome and lysosomes - plant cells have chloroplasts
membrane-
bound - doesn't have have a centrosome and
lysosomes
organelles
Note:
You may use any books or educational websites as long as you cite the references correctly.

References:

Wikipedia contributors. (2023, January 29). Cell wall. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_wall

BYJU’S Learning - Learn Math, Coding, Music & Arts Online | Tynker| Osmo | Epic. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://byjus.com/global/

Ribosome. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Ribosome

Libretexts. (2022, December 25). 7.2A: Bacterial Chromosomes in the Nucleoid. Retrieved from
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/07:_Microbial_Genetics/7.02:_Prokaryot
ic_Genomes/7.2A:_Bacterial_Chromosomes_in_the_Nucleoid

Buckley, G. (2020, November 6). Prokaryotic Cell. Retrieved from https://biologydictionary.net/prokaryotic-cell/

Biology Online. (2022, June 16). Pinocytosis - Definition and Examples - Biology Online Dictionary. Retrieved from
https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/pinocytosis

BD Editors. (2019, October 4). Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. Retrieved from https://biologydictionary.net/rough-
endoplasmic-reticulum/

Libretexts. (2022a, December 25). 4.7D: The Endoplasmic Reticulum. Retrieved from
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/04:_Cell_Structure_of_Bacteria_Archae
a_and_Eukaryotes/4.07:_Internal_Structures_of_Eukaryotic_Cells/4.7D:_The_Endoplasmic_Reticulum

Nucleolus. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Nucleolus

NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-

terms/def/microtubule

Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics & You - Olympus MIC-D: Brightfield Gallery - Druse Crystals. (n.d.). Retrieved
from https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/olympusmicd/galleries/brightfield/drusecrystals.html