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English4Work - Unit 8 Vocabulary

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9 views3 pages

English4Work - Unit 8 Vocabulary

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sirotamaria55
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Unit 8 — Measurements 2024 English4Work. All rights reserved.

acronym
an abbreviation; a way of writing a longer string of words more concisely
"IT is an acronym for Information Technology."

bandwidth
a measurement of the capacity of data which can be moved between two points in a given
period of time
"The website performed very poorly because it was graphically heavy and required more
bandwidth than was available."

benchmark
a measurement or standard that serves as a point of reference by which process performance is
measured
"The magazine article used PCMark 7 scores as a benchmark for computer performance."

bit (binary digit)


the smallest unit of storage; normally referred to as a '1' or '0'
"The DBA "flipped a bit" in the database, changing a value from a 0 to 1."

byte (binary term)


8 bits
"One byte of data is enough memory to hold a single ASCII character."

fault tolerance
the ability of a system component to fail without causing the entire system to shut down; this is
often accomplished with redundancy
"Due to low fault tolerances in the new gaming console's GPU, the manufacturer had to issue a
total recall."

FLOPS (floating point operations per second)


a common measurement of computer speed dealing with decimal calculations in a given amount
of time
"The more FLOPS a computer can do, the faster it is."

frequency
the number of cycles undergone per unit (time of a sound wave), most often measured in hertz
"The new processor ran at a much higher frequency than the one it replaced, going from 1.8
GHZ up to 4 GHZ."
G (giga)
one billion
"The word giga originally comes from the Greek word for 'giant'."

GB (gigabyte)
one billion bytes
"Modern hard drives can store 500 gigabytes of data or more."

GHz (gigahertz)
one billion hertz
"How long will it be before the first 5-gigahertz processors become affordable?"

Hz (hertz)
an internationally used frequency unit; equals one cycle per second
" A human being can hear sound waves from 20Hz to 20,000Hz."

IPS (instructions per second)


a very raw measurement of computer processor speed
"IPS is a base measurement of computer speed often expressed in millions (MIPS)."

K (kilo)
one thousand
"A kilobyte is 1024 bytes."

logarithm
the power to which a number is raised -- the exponent; example: log 10^2 = 2
"Logarithms are used in many areas of science and engineering including computer science and
geology."

M (mega)
one million
"One megabyte is 1,048,576 bytes."

µ (micro)
one millionth
"Although micro means "one-millionth", many people use it to express simply "a great deal of
smallness.""

m (milli)
a prefix meaning one thousandth
"One millitesla is one-thousandth of a tesla."
n (nano)
one billionth
"The teacher said the word "nano" can also be used for anything very small, such as
nanotechnology."

order of magnitude
10 times bigger or smaller
"Computer processing power can increase by an order of magnitude between generations."

T (tera)
one trillion
"There are 1,099,511,627,776 bytes in a terabyte."

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