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18 views13 pages

Topic Overview

Uploaded by

Kudakwashe Mbisva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 13

Boolean Algebra Continued

Topic overview:
• Bits byte and nibble
• Kilobits, Kilobyte
• Megabits, Megabytes
• Hertz, Kilohertz, Megahertz, Gigahertz.
• Analog / digital systems
• Boolean Logic gates
• Binary to Hex conversion
• Hex to binary conversion

1
Boolean Algebra Continued
• George Boole was an English
mathematician, philosopher and
logician,
• Was the first professor of
mathematics at Queen's College,
Cork in Ireland.
• Born: November 2, 1815, Lincoln,
United Kingdom
• Died: December 8, 1864,
Ballintemple, Cork, Republic of
Ireland
• School: Mathematical foundations of
computing
• Education: Bainbridge's Commercial
Academy George Boole
• Spouse: Mary Everest Boole (m.
1855–1864)
Measurement-Related Terminology
• Bit – The smallest unit of data in a computer.
• A bit can take the value of either one or zero,
• A bit is the binary format in which data is processed
by computers.
• Byte – A byte is used to describe the size of a data
file, the amount of space on a disk or other storage
medium, or the amount of data being sent over a
network.
• One byte consists of eight bits of data.
• Nibble – A nibble is half a byte or four bits.

3
Measurement-Related Terminology

• Kilobyte (KB) – A kilobyte is 1,024 (or


approximately 1,000) bytes.
• Kilobytes per second (KBps) – is the amount of
data transferred over a network connection.
• Kilobit (Kb) – is 1,024 (or approximately 1,000)
bits.
• Kilobits per second (Kbps) – This is the amount
of data transferred over a network connection, at
a rate of approximately 1,000 bits per second.

4
Measurement-Related Terminology

• Megabyte (MB) – A megabyte is 1,048,576


bytes (or approximately 1,000,000 bytes).
• Megabytes per second (MBps) – This is the
amount of data transferred over a network
connection.
• MBps is a data transfer rate of approximately
1,000,000 bytes per second.
• Megabits per second (Mbps) – This is the
amount of data transferred over a network
connection

5
Measurement-Related Terminology

• Hertz (Hz) – Hertz is a unit of measurement of


frequency.
• It is the rate of change in the state or cycle in a
sound wave, alternating current, or other cyclical
waveform.
• Hertz is synonymous with cycles per second
and it is used to describe the speed of a
computer microprocessor.

6
Measurement-Related Terminology
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz was a German physicist
who first conclusively proved the existence of
the electromagnetic waves theorized by James
Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light.

The unit of frequency — cycle per second —


was named the "hertz" in his honor.Wikipedia

Born: February 22, 1857, Hamburg, Germany


Died: January 1, 1894, Bonn, Germany
Nationality: German
Spouse: Elisabeth Hertz (m. 1886–1894)
Education:
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich,
Technical University of Munich,
Humboldt University of Berlin
Heinrich Hertz
7
Measurement-Related Terminology

• Megahertz (MHz) – One million


cycles per second. This is a common
measurement of the speed of a
processing chip.
• Gigahertz (GHz) – One billion
(1,000,000,000) cycles per second.
This is a common measurement of
the speed of a processing chip.

8
Analog and Digital Systems

• The world used to depend entirely on analog


processes, machinery, and communications
for its functions.
• The variables that characterize an analog
system may have an infinite number of values.
• Traditional telephones transmit voice over
copper wire using analog signals.

9
Analog and Digital Systems

• In digital systems, the variables that


characterize them only occupy a fixed
number of discrete values.
• Computers and cable modems are
examples of digital devices. Digital
devices are gradually replacing analog
devices.
• Digital devices make it easier to do
everyday tasks.
10
Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion
• 1111 in binary is F in hexadecimal.
Also, 11111111 in binary is FF in
hexadecimal.
• When working with these two
number systems, one hexadecimal
character requires 4 “bits,” or 4
binary digits, to be represented in
binary.
• To convert a binary number to
hexadecimal, group the number into
groups of four bits at a time, starting
from the right.
• Convert each group of four bits into
hexadecimal, producing a
hexadecimal equivalent to the
original binary number.
11
Hexadecimal to Binary Conversion

• Take each individual hexadecimal


digit and convert it to binary, then
string together the solution.
• Pad each binary representation
with zeros to fill up four binary
places for each hexadecimal
digit.
• The hexadecimal number FE27.
• F is 1111, E is 1110, 2 is 10 or
0010, and 7 is 0111. So, in binary,
the answer is 1111 1110 0010
0111, or 1111111000100111.

12
End

13

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