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COEFFICIENT OF RESTITUTION IN COLLISIONS

for GENERAL PHYSICS 1 – WEEK 8.c-d

 FOREWORD

This self-learning kit will serve as a guide to apply

the concept of restitution coefficient in collisions and
solve problems involving center of mass, impulse, and
momentum in contexts such as, but not limited to, rocket
motion, vehicle collisions, and ping -pong.

In this learning kit the pupils will gain knowledge in

to apply the concept of restitution coefficient in collisions
and solve problems involving center of mass, impulse,
and momentum in contexts such as, but not limited to,
rocket motion, vehicle collisions, and ping -pong.

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 OBJECTIVES:
1. Define the coefficient of restitution.
2. Apply the concept of restitution coefficient in collisions.
3. Solve problems involving impulse and momentum, and
coefficient of restitution in contexts.

LEARNING COMPTENCIES:
Apply the concept of restitution coefficient in collisions.
STEM_GP12MMIC - Ii – 61
Solve problems involving center of mass, impulse, and
momentum in contexts such as, but not limited to,
rocket motion, vehicle collisions, and ping -pong.
STEM_GP12MMIC - Ii - 63

I. WHAT HAPPENED
I am John. I will be your guide today as we discover the
mystery behind collisions.

But before we will continue our journey, let me

check first if you have with you your ball pen
and notebooks because that will be very
essential for this mini-journey of ours.
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q
=adventurous-man-travelbag-vector-
illustration-design

3
PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST:

First, let us have a quick self-check to

determine your knowledge of our
topic today.

PRE-ACTIVITY 1

Instruction: Observe the picture below carefully. Determine which of

the two scenarios is Elastic type of collision and which is inelastic
type of collision and answer the questions below.

Illustration1. Elastic and inelastic collision

1. What type of collision is shown in scenario A? Explain.

2. What type of collision is shown in scenario B? Explain.
3. When can you say a collision is elastic or inelastic?

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 PRE-ACTIVITY 2

Instruction: Observe the picture below carefully. Determine what materials are
elastic (bouncy) and which materials are inelastic (not bouncy) when dropped
to a concrete floor.

Basketball Ping-pong balls Clay ball Baseball

II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Hello there! You’ve got a glimpse of what we will be

tackling today in your pretest in this manual. Let’s
have an overview first about the concept of what
you will be learning today.

You will be discovering the mysteries why some

materials bounce when collision happens. You will
also be discovering what Coefficient of Restitution
(COR) is and why it is important. And finally, how
can its concept can be applied in collisions.

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DISCUSSION:

Let us now begin our journey. To

start with, let us first define what is
coefficient of restitution.

COEFFICIENT OF RESTITUTION

When two objects collide with each other, many forces

come into play, which also means the application of various
mathematical equations. Many of these laws were first derived by
the same super popular scientist who is credited with numerous
discoveries and derivations, meaning that he has a number of
patents to his name – Sir Isaac Newton.
Pertaining to the collision of two objects, Newton formulated
a theory that we now know as Newton’s law of restitution. It simply
states that when two bodies collide, the speed with which they
move after the collision depends on the material from which they
are made.

More information here

The coefficient of restitution is actually a measure of the

“restitution” (i.e., what you give back) of a collision between two
objects, or in other words, how much of the kinetic energy remains
after two objects collide.

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 More information here

Let’s suppose a rubber ball bounces on a flat, hard surface.

Obviously, the rubber ball will rebound off the surface, but with
only a fraction of its original energy, because all real collisions are
inelastic. (Note: If this collision were elastic, then the ball would
have bounced back with the same amount of energy it had
before striking the surface.)

You see, when you deform

something by colliding it with
something else (say, when you
bounce a basketball on the
ground), a fraction of its original
energy is lost. That’s why the
basketball bounces lower with
every collision – as its energy
gets converted to
heat/vibrations.
As the ball bounces, it keeps losing energy
and becomes less and less ‘bouncy’.

In this case, you can think of the coefficient of restitution as

an entity that tells you how efficient the “bouncing” process is.
The more efficient it is, the more ‘bouncy’ the basketball shall be.

Now the Question is, how can we solve

for the coefficient of restitution and
what are its values? What is the
importance of it? Turn to the next page
to learn more.

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 VALUES OF THE COEFFICIENT OF RESTITUTION

As mentioned earlier, the coefficient of restitution is a

measure of how much kinetic energy remains after the
collision of two bodies. Its value ranges from 0 to 1. If it’s on
the higher side (i.e., close to 1), it suggests that very little
kinetic energy is lost during the collision; on the other hand, if
the value is low, it indicates that a large amount of kinetic
energy is converted into heat or otherwise absorbed through
deformation.

In the case of a perfectly elastic collision, which does

not happen in real-world settings, the coefficient of restitution
would be precisely 1.00. Therefore, if you want a basketball
that’s more ‘bouncy’ than others, you need to pick one with
a high coefficient of restitution.

Coefficient of Restitution Formula

The formula to calculate the coefficient of restitution is rather

straightforward. Since it is defined as a ratio of the final to
the initial relative velocity between two objects after their
collision, it can be mathematically represented as follows:

When considering a one-dimensional collision of two objects,

A and B, the coefficient of restitution could be calculated by:

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Example

A 5 kg mass moving at 6 m/s makes a head-on collision with a 4 kg mass travelling at

4 m/s . After the collision, both the masses went on an opposite direction with a
speed of 4m/s for 5 kg mass and 2m/s for the 4kg mass. Assuming that there are no
external forces acting on the system, what is the value of the coefficient of
restitution after impact?

Given: 5kg mass – (6m/s) (4m/s)

4 kg mass – (4m/s) (2m/s)

e=(2m/s – 4m/s) / (4m/s – 6m/s)

e= (-2m/s ) / (-2m/s)
e= 1
In the case of a ball bouncing off a flat, stationary surface, the coefficient of
restitution turns out to be:

In order to find speed, we had to use the average height, that we measured, and
put it in the formula
v = √(2gh)
Where v = velocity, g = 9.8m/s , and h = average height measured.
2

We took the average of the bounced height value (h) and put it in the formula
along with the initial height (H).
Coefficient of Restitution(e) = √(2gh))/√(2gH) = √(h/H)
Coefficient of Restitution (e) = √(h/H)

Example

Determine the coefficient of restitution of a common practice golf ball

dropped from the height of 92cm. It was dropped 5 times with a bounced height
value of 67, 66, 68, 68, 70. Calculate its coefficient of restitution.

Coefficient of Restitution = √(h/H)

= √(((67+66+68+68+70)/5)/H)
= √(67.8/92)
= √(0.737)
Coefficient of Restitution = 0.858
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 WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF COEFFICIENT OF
RESTITUTION

The coefficient of restitution is important because it is

what determines whether a collision is elastic or inelastic in
nature.
Determining whether a collision is elastic or not shows
if there is any form of loss of kinetic energy as a result of the
collision. During the collision, in a perfect system, the kinetic
energy of one object would get transferred to the other
object when it collides.

APPLICATIONS OF COEFFICIENT OF
RESTITUTION

• SPORTS

The coefficient of restitution can be used to determine the

speed of a ball after it collides with the bat in a game of cricket. By
determining the kinetic energy of the ball after being bowled and
after it collides with the bat, the speed of the ball can be
determined. Similarly, this can be done for other sports such as
basketball.
• INDUSTRIES

The ratios of the average kinetic energies are used in collision

testing for various objects in industrial settings. This value can be
used to study the nature of the objects and determine their uses in
various kinds of equipment that could be exposed to collisions.
For example, in car manufacturing industries it can be used to
reduce the impact of a collision on the body of a car to prevent too
many injuries to the passengers inside.

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III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Good Job! I am so proud of you for

finishing this journey with me!

What have your learned today? Can you define what is

Coefficient of Restitution? Who derive the law of
restitution? Yes, As its name signifies, the coefficient of
restitution is actually a measure of the “restitution” (i.e.,
what you give back) of a collision between two
objects, or in other words, how much of the kinetic
energy remains after two objects collide. The Law of
Restitution is actually derived by Sir Isaac Newton.

Can you still recall the formula of coefficient of

restitution? What is the importance of it and where can
it be applied? That’s great! Please write it down on your
notes or highlight it because it’s very essential in our last
and final journey. The Evaluation/ Assessment part of
this module.

Now, I think you are ready to face the final

stage of this journey. This would test your
learning from our lesson today. Good Luck
and don’t forget to check your notes at all
times as reference.

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EVALUATION/POST TEST:

Assessment 1

Instruction: MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. Read each sentence carefully. Write

true if the statement is correct. If false, change the underlined word/words
to make the statement correct. Write your answers on your notebook.

1. Newton’s Third Law of Motion states that when two bodies collide, the speed with
which they move after the collision depends on the material from which they are
made.
2. The coefficient of restitution is important because it is what determines whether a
collision is elastic or inelastic in nature.
3. During the collision, in a perfect system, the potential energy of one object would
get transferred to the other object when it collides.
4. Coefficient of restitution is a measure of how much kinetic energy remains after the
collision of two bodies.
5. The value of the coefficient of restitutions is between 0.5 to 2.
6. When something is deformed when it is collided with something, some of its kinetic
energy is lost.

Assessment 2

Instruction: Complete the table below. Given are the initial height and the
different bounce height values. Calculate the average bounced height
values and the coefficient of restitution of the following objects.

OBJECT
H h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h ave COR
(cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm)
Tennis Ball 92 47 46 45 48 47
Billiard Ball 92 60 55 61 59 62
Hand Ball 92 51 51 52 53 53

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Assessment 3

Instruction: Read the problem carefully. Write your answers in your

notebook.

A 5 kg mass moving at 6 m/s makes a head-on collision with a 4 kg mass

travelling at 3 m/s. Assuming that there are no external forces acting on the
system, what are the velocities of the two masses after impact? (assume
coefficient of restitution e = 0.5 )

CONGRATULATIONS! YOU HAVE DONE A

GREAT JOB IN FINISHING THE TASKS

Make sure you have reviewed your answer

before submitting your answers to your
teacher! Good Luck!

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 REFERENCES
https://commons.deped.gov.ph/K-to-12-MELCS-with-CG-Codes.pdf

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/getattachment/reasoning/energy/sr
c15.pdf
https://hypertextbook.com/facts/2006/restitution.shtml

https://www.scienceabc.com/pure-sciences/coefficient-of-restitution-
definition-explanation-and-formula.html

https://a-levelphysicstutor.com/m-momimp-coeffrest.php
https://solitaryroad.com/c1013.html

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

FAY C. LUAREZ, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Acting CID Chief

ADOLF P. AGUILAR
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY, Ed.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
Education Program Supervisor – (SCIENCE & MATH)

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

JOSE MARI B. ACABAL

Writer
RABBI E. BALBON
Illustrator/Lay –out Artists
___________________________
ALPHA QA TEAM
LIEZEL A. AGOR
EUFRATES G. ANSOK, Jr.
JOAN Y. BUBULI
MA. OFELIA I. BUSCATO
DEXTER D. PAIRA
LIELIN A. DE LA ZERNA
BETA TEAM
ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA
DORIN FAYE D. CADAYDAY
MERCY G. DAGOY
RANJEL D. ESTIMAR
MARIA SALOME B. GOMEZ
JUSTIN PAUL ARSENIO C. KINAMOT
ARJIE T. PALUMPA

DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide accessible learning
modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The contents of this module are carefully
researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were
clearly instructed to give credits to information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to
copyright and may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.

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SYNOPSIS

This self-learning kit contains

interactive approach in the study of the
concept of Impulse and momentum. The
module is a one-week lesson for the
concepts of Coefficient of Restitution. Its
mathematical approach is made simple
and interactive to help facilitate
independent learning while learners are at
home.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR & LAY-OUT ARTIST

Mr. Jose Mari B. Acabal, finished his Bachelor’s

Degree in Secondary Education at NORSU-Bais
major in Biological Sciences in 2015. He also finished
his Masters Degree in Education major in general
science at Foundation University in October 2019.
Currently he is a teacher 1 at Panciao High School
of Manjuyod District 1 in the Division of Negros
Oriental.

ILLUSTRATOR

Mr. Rabbi E. Balbon, finished his Bachelor’s Degree

in Secondary Education at NORSU-Bais major in
Biological Sciences in 2015. He is a freelance artist
and a supporter of visual arts for the youth. He is a
teacher 1 at ANHS Carol-an Extention Ayungon
District 2 in the Division of Negros Oriental.

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