Assignment no.

How to Write Introduction For A Research Report:

The introduction starts with a broad basis and then narrows it down to your particular field of
study, explaining the rationale behind each step.

Think of it as an inverted pyramid, where you start with a wide overview but move towards the
thesis statement or hypothesis, which should be the final element of the introduction.

In the introduction, you are attempting to inform the reader about the rationale, reason, or objective,
behind the work, justifying why your work is an essential component of research in the field.

The introduction does not have a strict word limit, unlike the abstract, but it should be as concise as
possible. It can be a tricky part of the paper to write, so many scientists and researchers prefer to
write it last, ensuring that they miss no major points.

For a longer research paper, where you use an outline, it can be useful to structure your introduction
around the outline. Here are a few outline examples.

It works upon the principle of introducing the topic of the paper and setting it into a broad context,
gradually narrowing down to a research problem, thesis and hypothesis. A good introduction
explains how you mean to solve the research problem, and creates ‘leads’ to make the reader want
to delve further into your work.

You should assume that your paper is aimed at someone with a good working knowledge of your
particular field.

so you need not go into too much detail about small details of topic, if it is fairly common
knowledge.

For example if your topic is “Impact of organizational culture on employee satisfaction”, you need
not to explain what is culture and what is satisfaction, you just have to give operational definitions
of these concepts.
 1) Introduction:

Introduction should contain following parts:

1. Background:

Like in any good Hollywood movie, the first task of the introduction is to set the scene, giving your
paper a context and seeing how it fits-in with previous research in the field.
For example, if your topic is “impact of organizational culture on employee satisfaction” then uor
introduction might start with the fact that
for any company, and specially for service and knowledge intensive industries, human
capital is the most valuable asset.
Then you can explain how culture can affect employee morale and performance.(you can
use reference of related research articles here.)
You can quote some real life examples explaining the impact of culture on employee.
And so on. Mean you have to start with broad idea and make a flow of ideas in such a way
that automatically diverts the reader’s attention toward your topic.

In many fields, this part could make up an entire essay in itself, so you have to stick to relevant
information and try to keep it concise.

In this section you also have to tell what is the current situation of the field in which you want to
conduct the research. If you take the above example, you can explain that, it is the general
observation, that local and small companies of Pakistan don’t give much importance to HR
configurations. Here you can also use any empirical evidence, publication, news show the number
of companies that use or that don’t use HR configuration in Pakistan, or any current information
that can shed light on current scenario. You can also use the fact that shows the worse performance
of the companies in the world or in Pakistan that don’t pay attention on making their culture
employee oriented.

Mean that in this section you have to make the reader fully aware of the current situation of topic.

2. Problem Statement:
There are 3 components of a problem statement. It must begin with a lead-in statement, means
context of the problem. The next sentence should explain what the study intends to accomplish.
The last sentence needs to justify why the results of the study would be beneficial and to whom.
 Branding is one of those terms which can lead the consumer concept about the product or
service on the wrong direction if the practitioners are not in clear state of mind themselves.
The main aim of branding is to develop and manage the brands. Apart from developing a brand
from grass root level, branding strategy used to get strengthen, expansion or extension an
already existing brands. During brand development process, it‘s important to have strategic
management to be successful in relation to mission (Keller, 2002). As Food industry is already
competitive industry and is becoming more increasingly. In addition, consumer behavior in
food industry is becoming increasingly less predictable, more fragmented and less consistent.
Customers are demanding value added food product which satisfy their need and wants apart
from having quantity in food. Due to intensive competition food manufacturers started
working on research & development as well as branding of the new & existing products in
order to get prosperous. Food companies should be market oriented and required to get much
understanding about the market.
Although, the development of food related products is crucial for small food manufacturing
company‘s ability to meet and sustain customer demand. There are considerable challenges
faced by the product formulator during food product development; these include constraints
of finance, manpower, time and the need for continual innovation so in these days food
manufacturing companies required to take into consideration and develop both areas like
Brand development and Market orientation as well. There is also existence of positive
relationship between market orientation and company performance (Imram, 1999).
Small food manufacturers can compete in an equally competitive environment and one
characterized by the same dynamic market trends as for larger firms. An environment
characterized by fierce innovative activities, intense competition, and technological advances
provides the interface between SMEs and branding (Abimbola, 2001).
3. Research Aim and Objectives:

Once you understand the research problem at a general level, you define major topics you want to
cover. Although there is one major aim of any research, when researchers conduct researches, there
is not a single objective. There might be various major and minor questions that researcher wants to
answer through this research. You must first have to identify all such questions. Getting the answer
of these questions will be your research objectives.

Writing clear objectives is the most important step in designing business research. By applying
thoughtful work at this stage, your objectives will emerge, and your prospects of successful research
will increase.

When you write your objectives, be specific. Start your action sentence with an action verb. e.g. s

 What are the factors that potentially influence employee satisfaction?

 What are the reactive measures through which low morale of existing employees can be
improved?
  Is there any plan through which employee morale or satisfaction level can be maintained at a
desired level?

Now you can turn all these questions into objectives, e.g.

 To identify the factors influencing employee satisfaction.

 To suggest remedial actions for improving employee morale.
 To design and propose a strategy for maintaining a high employee morale.
4. Significance of Research:

This leads into the rationale behind the research, revealing whether it is building upon previous
research, looking at something that everybody else has overlooked, or improving upon a previous
research project that delivered unclear results.

This section can then flow into how you are going to fill the gap, laying out your objectives and
methodology. You are trying to predict what impact your research will have if everything works as
it should, and you ultimately reject the null hypothesis.

This is the section where make the reader convinced that there is a problem, need of solution, or
need of clarification of some phenomenon. You inform the reader about the objective of your
research and what you expect from this research. Is there any strategy you intended to propose r you
just what to explore the area as basis for further research.

For example in above example, you might discuss that if companies adopt HR configurations,
higher people who match with culture of organization, make and keep culture employee friendly
and flexible, they can make higher profits.

The write some points:

 it will provide better understanding current trends toward high tech products.
 It will be reveal the underlying factors affecting customer behavior.
 It can guide marketers to make marketing strategies for a growing emerging market.

It is the stage where you explain what you want to accomplish or achieve from current research.

Tips For How To Write An Introduction:

There are a few tips that can help you write a strong introduction, arousing interest and encouraging
the reader to read the rest of your work.
 Keep it Short
A long and rambling introduction will soon put people off and lose you marks. Stick closely
to your outline for the paper, and structure your introduction in a similar way.
 Define the Problem
The entire introduction should logically end at the research question and problem statement
or hypothesis. The reader, by the end of the introduction, should know exactly what you are
trying to achieve with the paper.