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Notes 3.4-Logarithmic Equations

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11 views4 pages

Notes 3.4-Logarithmic Equations

Uploaded by

yolovekuruyuzu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lesson 4: Equation Solving

Vocabulary

Richter Scale Model measures the magnitude R of an


earthquake, a is amplitude in micrometers of the vertical ground 𝑎𝑎
motion at the receiving station, T is period of the seismic wave 𝑅𝑅 = log + 𝐵𝐵
𝑇𝑇
in seconds, and B is the dampening of the seismic wave as the
distance from the epicenter increases.

pH Scale Model is a scale that measures how acidic or basic


a substance ranks. The scale ranges from 0 to 14, where 7
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = − log 𝐻𝐻 +
represents neutral and each whole pH value below 7 is ten times
more acidic than the next higher value.

Newton’s Law of Cooling – The temperature T of an object at


time t, where Tm = temperature of the surrounding medium, 𝑇𝑇 𝑡𝑡 = 𝑇𝑇𝑚𝑚 + 𝑇𝑇0 − 𝑇𝑇𝑚𝑚 𝑒𝑒 −𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
and 𝑇𝑇0 = initial temperature of the object.

One-to One Properties

Some logarithmic equations can be solved by changing the exponential form and vice versa.

For any Exponential Function For any Logarithmic Function


𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑏𝑏 𝑦𝑦 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = log 𝑏𝑏 𝑥𝑥
If 𝑏𝑏 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑏𝑏 𝑣𝑣 , then If log 𝑏𝑏 𝑢𝑢 = log 𝑏𝑏 𝑣𝑣 , then

Solving Exponential Equations Algebraically


𝑥𝑥⁄
1 3
EX #1: Solve. 24 =6 EX #2: Solve: 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 = 𝜋𝜋1+𝑥𝑥
2

© 2024 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com


Quadratic-Type Exponential Equations

Solve: Support your answer graphically.

EX #3: 𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 − 4 = 0 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 −𝑒𝑒 −𝑥𝑥


EX #4: 2
=8

Quadratic-Type Logarithmic Equations

EX #5: Solve: ln 3x − 2 + ln(x − 1) = 2 ln 𝑥𝑥 EX #6: Solve: log 3 𝑥𝑥 + log 3 𝑥𝑥 − 8 = 2

© 2024 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com


Orders of Magnitude and Logarithmic Models

Use the Order of Magnitude to compare any like quantities.

1. Using a calculator, compute log(3 � 10), log(3 � 102 ), . . . , log(3 � 1010 )

2. What is the pattern in the integer parts of these numbers?

3. What is the pattern of their decimal parts?

4. How many orders of magnitude greater is 3 � 1010 than 3 � 10?

Comparing Earthquake Intensities

EX #7: How many times more severe was the 2001 earthquake in Gujarat, India (R1 = 7.9) than the
1999 earthquake in Athens, Greece (R2= 5.9) ?

Applications of Exponential Expressions

Comparing Chemical Acidity


EX #8: Balsamic vinegar has a pH of 2.4, and a box of baking soda has a pH of 8.4
A. What are their hydrogen-ion concentrations?

© 2024 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com


B. How many times greater is the hydrogen-ion concentration of the vinegar than the baking soda?

C. By how many orders of magnitude do the concentrations differ?

Applying Newton’s Law of Cooling

EX #9: A batch of brownies are taken out of a 375o oven and cools to 150o after 20 minutes in a room
at 70o. Use Newton’s Law of Cooling to determine how long it will take the brownies to cool
to 90oF.

© 2024 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com

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