TOPIC NO.3: BRIDGE PLANNING 3.

) BOX GIRDER BRIDGE

Bridge planning involves selecting a site,
conducting surveys, and designing the structure,
followed by obtaining permits, planning
construction, and ensuring quality control. The
process ensures the bridge meets safety,
functional, and aesthetic requirements, while
also considering environmental impact and long-
term maintenance.
STEEL BRIDGES
1.) PLATE GIRDER BRIDGE

A steel box girder bridge uses hollow, box-

shaped girders made of steel to form the main
structural elements. These girders provide
exceptional strength and torsional resistance,
making them ideal for long spans and complex
structures like curved bridges. They also allow
for a more streamlined and aesthetically
pleasing design.
4.) BOX GIRDER BRIDGE WITH COMPOSITE
RIGID FRAME STRUCTURE

A plate girder bridge uses large steel plates

welded or bolted together to form a solid beam,
creating the main load-bearing structure. The
design is popular for its strength, simplicity, and
adaptability to various spans and loads.
2.) PLATE GIRDER BRIDGE WITH
COMPOSITE RIGID FRAME STRUCTURE

A steel box girder bridge with a composite rigid

frame structure combines hollow, box-shaped
steel girders with reinforced concrete elements
to form a rigid frame. This design enhances
strength, stiffness, and load-carrying capacity,
making it suitable for long spans and complex
structures. The composite action between steel
and concrete improves overall performance and
efficiency.
A plate girder bridge with a composite rigid frame
structure integrates steel plate girders with 5.) TRUSS BRIDGE
reinforced concrete elements to create a rigid
frame. This design boosts strength and stiffness
while ensuring enhanced load-carrying capacity,
making it ideal for long spans and heavy loads.
The synergy between steel and concrete
optimizes overall structural performance.
A truss bridge employs a framework of 8.) CANTILEVER BRIDGE
interconnected triangles to support loads. This
design efficiently distributes weight, making it
sturdy and ideal for long spans. Truss bridges
are commonly used for railways and roadways,
providing excellent strength and stability.
6.) TRUSS STIFFENED ARCH BRIDGE

A cantilever bridge uses structures that extend

horizontally into space, supported only on one
end. These cantilevers are anchored on one side
and free on the other, efficiently handling loads
by distributing forces through the structure. Ideal
for medium spans, they offer impressive stability
and support without needing piers in the water.
A truss-stiffened arch bridge combines the
aesthetic elegance of an arch with the strength 9.) SUSPENSION BRIDGE
of a truss. The arch provides primary support
while the truss structure distributes loads evenly
across the bridge, enhancing stability and load-
carrying capacity. This hybrid design is ideal for
long spans and heavy loads, blending
engineering prowess with visual appeal.
7.) TIED ARCH BRIDGE

A suspension bridge features cables suspended

between towers, with vertical suspenders
supporting the bridge deck. This design
efficiently distributes weight and allows for long
spans, often exceeding a mile. It's ideal for
crossing wide bodies of water and creating
iconic, visually striking structures.
A tied-arch bridge features an arch structure CONCRETE BRIDGES
where the ends are connected by a horizontal tie
1.) CABLE STAYED BRIDGE
beam, preventing the arch from spreading under
load. This design efficiently distributes tension
and compression, making it suitable for long
spans and heavy loads. The combination of
elegance and engineering efficiency makes it a
popular choice for modern bridges.
A cable-stayed bridge features towers from 4.) PRECAST SEGMENTAL BRIDGE
which cables are directly connected to the bridge
deck. This design provides strong, direct support
and allows for a more streamlined and elegant
appearance. Ideal for medium to long spans, it
offers great stability and is often used for
modern, eye-catching bridge structures.
2.) RC HOLLOW SLAB BRIDGE

A precast segmental bridge is constructed from

individual segments that are precast in a factory
and then transported to the site for assembly.
These segments are typically made of reinforced
concrete and are joined together using post-
tensioning to create a continuous structure. This
method allows for rapid construction, high-
quality control, and minimal disruption to the site.
A reinforced concrete hollow slab bridge features
It's ideal for complex, long-span bridges and
a deck made of concrete slabs with hollow structures in challenging environments.
sections, reducing weight while maintaining
strength. The reinforcement (steel bars) within 5.) CONTINUOUS BOX GIRDER BRIDGE
the concrete provides additional strength and SUPPORTED BY INCLINED STRUTS
durability. This design is efficient for shorter
spans and allows for quicker construction and
cost savings.
3.) PC BOX GIRDER BRIDGE

A continuous box girder bridge supported by

inclined struts uses box-shaped girders that run
continuously over multiple supports, with
inclined struts providing additional stability and
load distribution. This design enhances the
bridge's strength and flexibility, making it suitable
A prestressed concrete box girder bridge uses for long spans and heavy loads. The inclined
hollow, rectangular concrete girders with internal struts help manage both vertical and horizontal
steel tendons that are tensioned before the forces, improving overall structural performance.
concrete hardens. This method enhances load- This type of bridge is often used in highway and
bearing capacity and prevents cracking, making railway projects for its efficiency and durability.
the bridge durable and efficient. The girders are
prefabricated, allowing for quicker construction.
This type of bridge is ideal for highways and
railway overpasses due to its strength and
resilience.
6.) EXTRADOSED PC BRIDGE 8.) INVERTED CONCRETE ARCH BRIDGE

An extradosed prestressed (PC) bridge

combines elements of both prestressed concrete
An inverted concrete arch bridge flips the
box girder and cable-stayed bridges. It features
traditional arch design, placing the arch below
external prestressing tendons that run along the
the deck rather than above it. This innovative
top of the deck, providing additional support and
structure provides stability and strength,
reducing bending moments. This design is ideal
efficiently distributing loads to the foundations.
for medium spans (150-350 meters) and offers a
The inverted arch also allows for a flat roadway
more economical solution compared to
above, offering both functional and aesthetic
traditional cable-stayed bridges. The result is a
benefits. Such bridges are often used where
bridge that is both strong and aesthetically
traditional arch designs may not be feasible but
pleasing.
their structural advantages are desired.
7.) CONCRETE ARCH BRIDGE
9.) CONTINUOUS PC BOX WITH
CORRUGATED STEEL WEB BRIDGE

A concrete arch bridge uses the natural strength A continuous prestressed (PC) box girder bridge
of an arch to support loads, with reinforced with a corrugated steel web (CSW) uses a hollow
concrete forming the main structure. This design box-shaped girder with a corrugated steel web
efficiently transfers weight through the arch to for added strength and reduced weight. The
the abutments at each end, providing excellent prestressed concrete enhances load-bearing
stability and durability. Concrete arch bridges are capacity, while the corrugated steel web
popular for their aesthetic appeal and ability to improves durability and construction efficiency.
span long distances while handling significant This design is ideal for long spans and heavy
loads. loads, offering a balance of strength, flexibility,
and aesthetic appeal. It's commonly used in
highway and railway projects for its structural
efficiency and reduced material usage.
10.) CONTINUOUS PC BOX WITH PARTS OF BRIDGE
CORRUGATED STEEL TRUSS WEB BRIDGE

SPAN – The distance between two consecutive

A continuous prestressed (PC) box girder bridge supports, such as piers or towers.
with a corrugated steel truss web combines the
PIER – Vertical support that holds up the span in
strength of prestressed concrete with the
a bridge.
lightweight and efficient design of a corrugated
steel truss web. This innovative structure ABUTMENT – It connects the bridge span with
provides enhanced load-bearing capacity and the ground and absorbs the loads from the
durability while reducing the overall weight of the bridge deck
bridge. The continuous design ensures smooth
load distribution across multiple supports, SPREAD FOUNDATION – Type of foundation
making it ideal for long spans and heavy loads. that spreads the load of a structure over a larger
area to prevent excessive settlement.
COMPOSITE BRIDGE
PILE FOUNDATION – Long, slender columns
driven deep into the ground to support
structures.
BRIDGE PLANNING AND DESIGN FLOW

PRIMARY SURVEY
Topographical survey Soil survey Meteorological survey

PRELIMINARY DESIGN
Decision of bridge type Decision of bridge length and span

A composite bridge combines different materials, SECONDARY SURVEY

typically steel and concrete, to leverage their
respective strengths. In this design, steel girders Condition of construction site Soil condition

provide tensile strength while a concrete deck

offers compressive strength, creating a highly
efficient and durable structure. This synergy BASIC DESIGN
allows for longer spans, greater load-carrying Cost Estimate Decision of detail structure
capacity, and reduced construction costs.
Composite bridges are often used in highway
and railway applications for their versatility and DETAIL DESIGN
resilience. Construction progress
Design of structural
Plan of construction
detail

CONSTRUCTION
 VITAL SURVEYS FOR BRIDGE PLANNING DESIGN PROCEDURE
AND DESIGN
1.) TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY – Maps the DECISION OF BRIDGE LENGTH AND SPAN
natural and man-made features of a land area,
including its elevations, contours, and any
structures present. DECISION OF BRIDGE TYPE
2.) SOIL SURVEY – Evaluates the types,
characteristics, and distribution of soil in a
specific area to inform land use, agriculture, and GENERAL DRAWING
construction (Bridge) planning.
3.) CONCRETE SURVEY – Assesses the STRUCTURAL DETAILS
condition, composition, and integrity of concrete
structures to ensure their safety, durability, and
performance.
CALCULATION OF ALIGNMENT
4.) EARTHQUAKE SURVEY – Evaluates the
seismic activity, fault lines, and potential
earthquake hazards of an area to inform building
DESIGN OF SUPERSTRUCTURE
design and safety measures.
5.) METEOROGICAL SURVEY – Collects and
analyzes data on weather conditions and DESIGN OF SUBSTRUCTURE
atmospheric phenomena to inform forecasts and
climate studies.
6.) ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY – Assesses the STRUCTURAL DRAWING
impact of human activity on the environment,
including flora, fauna, water, and soil, to guide
conservation and development efforts.
CALCULATION OF QUANTITIES

BRIDGE PLANNING
DESIGN CHECKING

SELECTION OF SUPERSTRUCTURE TYPES

 SELECTION OF ABUTMENT TYPE BENT METHOD USING TRAVELLER CRANE

SELECTION OF PIER TYPE

SELECTION OF FOUNDATION TYPE CANTILEVER ERECTION METHOD USING

TRAVELLER CRANE

OVERVIEW OF ERECTION METHOD

BENT METHOD USING TRUCK CRANE

VERTICAL HANGING METHOD

 HOISTING METHOD USING ERECTION
GIRDER

DIDAGONAL HANGING METHOD

LAUNCHING METHOD USING ERECTION

GIRDER

LAUNCHING METHOD USING LAUNCHING

NOSE

LARGE BLOCK METHOD USING TRUCK

CRANE

LARGE BLOCK METHOD USING TRUCK

CRANE
 LARGE BLOCK ERECTION USINGDECK
BARGE

LARGE BLOCK ERECTION USING

FLOATING CRANE

LARGE BLOCK ERECTION USING WINCH

ECEN03E
CE403
GROUP 3 MEMBERS:
ALCALA, CARLO JAMES
INANDAN, ELIJAN GABRIEL
TOLEDO, JEZREEL JAIRO