Computer Networks (3150710) Enrollment-No : 230283107034

Practical – 3

Perform basic network command and Network configuration commands.

Networking commands are tools used in command line interfaces to execute various network
tasks. They allow users to diagnose network problems, modify network settings, transfer files,
and establish distant connections.

1) IPconfig

- As the command name suggests, it gives information about the IP address.

- It not only gives the IP address of the computer it is executed on but also much more
information as DNS addresses are stored in the cache.

- It has options to show even the computer's MAC address, renew the IP address, release
the current IP address, flush the DNS cache, and help.

- If you want to see full information, then type command `ipconfig /all` and then you’ll see
full information.

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2) Ping
- It is one of the basic networking commands to test the connection between the local
machine and the host server.

- This command sends a small amount of data to the host server, and in return, the host
server sends a reply to the computer.

- Information like the IP address of the host server, the amount of data sent, time to live,
and time needed for sending and receiving the data are recorded and displayed to the user.

- If an Internet connection is not in the office, for instance, the ping utility is used to
determine if the problem exists in the office or the Internet provider’s network.

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3) pathping

- The PathPing command is a command-line tool that combines the functionality of ping and
tracert to troubleshoot network issues.

- It is commonly used to troubleshoot network issues, particularly the ones related to

latency and network performance. It is considered an alternative to tracert and it combines
ping and tracert commands.

- This command takes 300 seconds to gather statistics and then returns reports on latency
and packet loss statistics at intermediate hops between the source and the target in more
detail than those reports provided by Ping or Tracert commands

4) Netstat
- The netstat command displays the contents of various network-related data structures for
active connections.

- This netstat function shows the state of all configured interfaces.

- The netstat provides the statistics and information in the use of the current TCP-IP
Connection network about the protocol.

- If you are experiencing problems with network communications, then network statistics
can sometimes help point you toward the root cause of the problem.

- That’s where the aptly named NetStat command comes into play. This command has a
number of different functions, but the most useful of these is to display network summary
information for the device
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Computer Networks (3150710) Enrollment-No : 230283107034

5) NsLookUp

- The Nslookup, which stands for name server lookup command, is a network utility
command used to obtain information about internet servers.

- NSLookup is a great utility for diagnosing DNS name resolution problems. Just type the
NSLookup command, and Windows will display the name and IP address of the device’s
default DNS server.

- From there, you can type host names in an effort to see if the DNS server is able to resolve
the specified host name.

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6) Arp

- The ARP command corresponds to the Address Resolution Protocol

- This command is used to display and modify the IP to the physical address translation table
used by the address resolution protocol.

- It has many options, of which a few are to display current ARP entries, specify an internet
address, delete a host in the ARP table, specify a physical address, and many more.

7) tracert

- The tracert command is a Command Prompt command which is used to get the network
packet being sent and received and the number of hops required for that packet to reach
to target.

- This command can also be referred to as a traceroute. It provides several details about
the path that a packet takes from the source to the specified destination.

-This allows the utility to display the routers through which packets are passing to be
identified.
- When possible, Windows displays the duration and IP address or fully qualified domain
name of each hop.
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- You can set various options for this command, like whether to resolve names of
intermediate server IP addresses, the maximum number of hops in the path, and the
maximum amount of time to wait for a reply.

8) nbtstat

- The NBT (NetBIOS over TCP/IP) command is a diagnostic tool for NetBIOS over TCP/IP
(NetBT) in Microsoft Windows that helps troubleshoot name resolution issues.

- Its primary design is to help troubleshoot NetBIOS name resolution problems.

- It can display statistics, name tables, and a cache for NetBIOS. It does this through a local
cache lookup, WINS or DNS server query or through LMHOSTS or hosts file lookup.

- This command is possible only if the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol is installed as a
component in the characteristics of a network adapter in Network Connections.

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9) getmac

- Every network capable device on the internet has a unique identifying number called its
MAC address.

- The number is assigned during manufacture and is established in the hardware of the
device.

- Using the Getmac command, a user can determine the MAC address of their various
network devices.

- Some administrators will use the unique MAC addresses of devices to limit what can and
cannot connect to a network.
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10) hostname

- The HostName command is used to display the host name of the computer or device in a
network.

- When you run the HostName command in a command prompt or terminal, it will return
the name assigned to the device on the local network.

- The host name is a unique identifier used to distinguish devices in a network and is used
in various networking protocols and configurations.the phenomena of total internal
reflection.

- It will provide the name of your computer. The first part of the result is the name of a
computer and the second part is the name of the domain.

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