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Microorganisms and Humans—Infectious Disease Lab

Worksheet

Data Collection

Table 1. Observations of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Treatment Options for the Diseases They Cause

Disease
Name of Morphology
Sketch Caused/ Treatment
Organism / Type
Source of
Infection
Bacillus Anthracis Bacillus Can caused by an Antibiotics are used
infection and can to treat anthrax
occur in the skin,
lungs, intestinal, and
injection

Clostridium Bacillus Often caused by Antibiotics such as

Botulinum foods low in acid antitoxin are use to
such as fruits, treat
vegetables, and fish

Clostridium Tetani Bacillus Can be caused by Numerous amounts of

open wounds coming antibiotics are sued to
in contact with soil, treat
dust, animal intestines
or feces

Corynebacterium Bacillus Caused by person to Many antibiotics

Diphtheriae person, usually including penicillin is
through respiratory used to treat
droplets

1
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 Data Collection

Table 1. Observations of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Treatment Options for the Diseases They Cause

Disease
Name of Morphology
Sketch Caused/ Treatment
Organism / Type
Source of
Infection
Haemophilus Coccobacillus Can cause severe Can use antibiotics to
Influenzae infections on both the treat
lining of the brain and
the spinal cord.

Mycobacterium Rod shaped Caused when a Common medications

Tuberculosis person with TB are Isoniazid,
disease in their lungs Rifampin,
coughs or sneezes Ethambutol

Neisseria Spherical A sexually Can be treated with

Gonorrhoeae transmitted disease ceftriaxone given
affecting their through an injection
reproductive tract

Salmonella Typhi Rod shaped Caused by the eating The only treatment
or drinking water used to treat is
contaminated with the antibiotics
feces.

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 Disease
Name of Morphology
Sketch Caused/ Treatment
Organism / Type
Source of
Infection
Shigella Dysenteriae Rod shaped Cause when ingesting Antibiotics such as
contaminated water ampicillin,
or food that has come amoxicillin can be
in contact with fecal used to treat
material

Staphylococcus Spherical shaped Caused by using a Antibiotics are

Aureus contaminated object prescribed
or by inhaling
infected droplets by
sneezing or coughing

Streptococcus Lancet-shaped cocci Can be caused by Can be treated by

Pneumoniae person to person by penicillin
inhaling or direct
exposure to the
bacteria droplets of
coughing or sneezing

Streptococcus Cocci shaped Caused by ranging Can be treated by

Pyogenes from mild superficial penicillin or
skin infections to life amoxicilin
threatening systemic
diseases

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 Disease
Name of Morphology
Sketch Caused/ Treatment
Organism / Type
Source of
Infection
Plasmodium Ring shaped Can be caused by a Falciparum infections
Falciparum parasite biting of a require chloroquine
female (mosquito resistance. There are
bite) most dangerous four treatment
form of malaria options.

Plasmodium Vivax Ring shaped Caused by when a Vivax injections are

mosquito feeds on a used to treat
human

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 Review Questions

1. Indicate the specific selective and/or differential purpose of each blood agar.
It is used to isolate and differentiate members of the Enterobacteriaceae based on the ability to ferment
lactose

2. What is the significance of normal flora and their role in diseases of their host? Discuss.
They provide a surface that is incompatible for attachment of an invader, they establish competition for
nutrients and vitamins, they produce antimicrobial substances, and they stimulate the immune system.

3. Why is it important to distinguish Streptococcus pneumoniae from other streptococci?

It is important to distinguish Streptococcus Pneumoniae from other streptococci so you know what to
treat.

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 4. What is the procedure to identify bacteria cultured from a boil on the patient’s neck?
A boil is usually the result of a staphylococcal or a streptococcal infection. First cultured in a broth
medium, followed by streak plate inoculations on blood and mannitol agar. If Staphylococcus aureus a
yellow halo will be present surrounding colonies in Mannitol and Beta hemolysis evident in blood agar. If
pathogenic streptococcus, beta hemolysis on blood agar and no growth on mannitol plate.

5. How could the use of a medium that is both selective and differential be justified?

Provides nutrients and environmental conditions that favor certain microbes and not others.

6. How could a test that should be done to diagnose rheumatic fever be explained?

You could test using rapid antigen for streptococcus

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 7. How would you explain the purpose of blood in blood agar medium?
You would explain that the blood will change color if the bacterium is able to produce proteins that lyse
the red blood cells

8. Would a person living in the tropics or in the desert have larger numbers of bacteria living on the
surface of their skin?
The very low humidity of the desert would lead to rapid evaporation of sweat and sebum from an
individual's skin. Bacteria need these secretions for a nutrient source. Without them, bacteria would be
found in much lower numbers on the skin of a person in the desert than the skin of the person in the
tropics.

9. Why is it not surprising that staphylococci are the leading cause of wound infections?

This genus is readily present as a part of the normal microbiota on most people's skin, so it could
easily enter wounds.

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 10. Why do many tetanus victims fail to respond to tetanus antitoxin?

They fail to respond to tetanus antitoxin because it only neutralizes the unbound toxin

11. Give the virulence factors for diphtheria disease.

Diphtheria- a toxin that prevents polypeptide synthesize and cell death

12. Name the Plasmodium species that causes anemia.

Merozoites

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 13. Match each word to its definition below:

B
1. Erythrocytes a. Penicillin, cephalosporin
J b. Red blood cell
2. Nonpathogen
C c. Completely break down red blood cells
3. Pathogen
H d. Break the red blood cells
4. Streptococcus
pyogenes e. Alpha, beta and gamma
N
5. Streptococcus f. Caused by S. mutans or Enterococcus
pneumoniae
K g. Genital herpes, gonorrhea, syphilis,
6. S.mutans papillomavirus infection
S
7. Enterococci h. Interfere with phagocytosis, causing strep
L throat, glomerulonephritis, and flesh-
8. Helminths
eating infection
M
9. Hemolysin i. Used cleaning up oil spill or decay of pollutants
I j. Cause no harm but beneficial to human
10. Biodegradation
such as normal flora
R
11. Streptococcus
agalactiae k. Cause dental decay
O
12. Rebecca Lancefield l. Parasitic worms
D m. Enzyme breaks down red blood cell
13. Hemolysis
G n. Cause pneumonia, otitis, conjunctivitis, and
14. STD sinusitis
A o. Who classified streptococcus into groups
15. Beta-lactam drugs
T p. Associated with M protein antigens
16. Biotechnology
E q. Nonhemolytic, Enterococcus
17. Three groups of
hemolysis r. Associated with neonatal meningitis
P
18. M protein antigen s. Nosocomial infection, urinary infection or any
F related abdominal infection, endocarditis,
19. Endocarditis
bacteremia and meningitis
Q
20. Gamma hemolysis t. Make medications such as insulin, biofuel, dietary
C supplements, antibiotics, and many other useful
21. Beta hemolysis
products

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