Scribd
Upload
14 views26 pages

Mechatronics Notes

L

Uploaded by

Prajwal Poudel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views26 pages

Mechatronics Notes

L

Uploaded by

Prajwal Poudel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

We have three basic types of microprocessors.

They are as follows:

As the name suggests, the instructions are in a complex form. It means that a single instruction
can contain many low-level instructions. For example loading data from memory, storing data to
the memory, performing basic operations, etc. Besides, we can say that a single instruction has
multiple addressing modes. Furthermore, as there are many operations in single instruction they
use very few registers.

Examples of CISC are Intel 386, Intel 486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II, etc.

As per the name, in this, the instructions are quite simple, and hence, they execute quickly.
Moreover, the instructions get complete in one clock cycle and also use a few addressing modes
only. Besides, it makes use of multiple registers so that interaction with memory is less.

Examples are IBM RS6000, DEC Alpha 21064, DEC Alpha 21164, etc.

It allows the instructions to compute parallelly by making use of compilers. Moreover, the
complex instructions also process in fewer clock frequencies. Furthermore, it encodes the
instructions in 128-bit bundles. Where each bundle contains three instructions encoded in 41 bits
each and a 5-bit template. This 5-bit template contains information about the type of instructions
and that which instructions can be executed in parallel.

Examples are IA-64 (Intel Architecture-64), etc.

Characteristics of CISC are as follows:


Characteristics of RISC are as follows:

Advantages of CISC are as follows:

Advantages of RISC are as follows:


Stored Program Concept and its Processing Cycle
A stored program is a program that is stored in the memory of a computer. The execution of
the program then requires the use of a control unit to read instructions from the memory at
appropriate times and arrange to carry them out.
The memory used to store the program may be the same as or different from memory used to
store the data. There are advantages in using the same (read-write) memory, allowing programs
to be modified, but there may be advantages in limiting opportunities for program modification,
either by using physically read-only memory or by restricting access to the part of the memory
containing programs.
Storage of instructions in computer memory to enable it to perform a variety of tasks in
sequence or intermittently. The idea was introduced in the late 1940s by John von Neumann,
who proposed that a program be electronically stored in binary number format in a memory
device so that instructions could be modified by the computer as determined by intermediate
computational results. Other engineers, notably John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert,
contributed to this idea, which enabled digital computers to become much more flexible and
powerful. Nevertheless, engineers in England built the first stored-program computer, the
Manchester Mark I, shortly before the Americans built EDVAC, both operational in 1949.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy