Palawan State University

College of Engineering, Architecture, and Technology

Bachelor of Science in Petroleum Engineering

The DC Power Supply Project TINA-TI

Simulation

Submitted By:
Abucay, Franz Joseph D.
Alamis, Adrian Carl B.
Alanis, Bernard F.
Cayupan, Kim Howard C.
Estobo, Jacob Rey
Palomar, Adrian

Submitted To:
ENGR. Dawin Omar Jr.
ABSTRACT

The design and simulation of a DC power supply circuit using TINA-TI software are
done in this laboratory project while providing insights into the key components of
transformers, bridge rectifiers, LM317 adjustable voltage regulators, and filter capacitors.
The output voltage was adjusted from 1.26V to 10.62V, matching the expected performance
of the LM317 regulator, using the simulation model. The potentiometer resistance and output
voltage were calculated measured and verified against the design. The transformer’s turns
ratio of 1:A secondary voltage of 12V RMS was provided by 10, and ripple voltage
measurements of 4V suggested that filtering in practical applications is not sufficiently good.
The full load output voltage was measured to 10.62V with a 20 ohm load resistor and power
dissipation was calculated at 1.251W, which demonstrates the need for power loss
management in design. Results show that the simulated circuit satisfies the required
parameters for voltage regulation, transformer operation, and output quality, and provide
recommendations for further ripple reduction. This project lays a foundation for building a
physical power supply circuit that can fulfill real-world requirements.

INTRODUCTION

This laboratory project aims at the design and simulation of a DC power supply
circuit based on TINA-TI software. We can create a virtual model of the circuit which will
allow us to analyze the behavior of the circuit under different conditions and make necessary
changes to meet certain output requirements. The bridge rectifier and LM317 adjustable
voltage regulator make up the DC power supply circuit that can be modified to change output
voltage by changing the value of the resistance. This project is a practical investigation of
power supply design, covering basic ideas such as rectification, voltage regulation, and ripple
analysis. In addition, it allows us to apply theoretical knowledge about components such as
transformers, capacitors, and adjustable regulators in a simulated environment.

We use this simulation to observe and measure parameters like the range of voltage
adjustment, no-load output voltage, rectifier output, and ripple voltage under varying loads.
This allows calculating these characteristics and testing and verifying the circuit’s response to
build practical intuition on component selection and circuit response and provides an
understanding of the operating conditions required for real-world DC power supplies. Finally,
this activity serves as the basis for constructing the physical DC power supply circuit in a lab
environment.
METHOD

Circuit Design in TINA-TI

The DC power supply circuit is designed in TINA-TI, starting with the input AC
signal that is stepped down through a transformer. A sine wave input with appropriate
amplitude and frequency is set to achieve 12Vrms at 60 Hz on the transformer’s secondary
side, using the correct turn ratio. The rectifier circuit is then implemented using a bridge
rectifier configuration to convert the AC signal to DC.

Voltage Regulation Setup:

The LM317 adjustable voltage regulator is included in the circuit, and its output
voltage is set to be tunable via a potentiometer (R2). The output voltage, Vout​, is determined
using the formula: Vout=1.25(1+R2/R1) where R1 is a fixed resistor and R2 is adjustable.

Simulation of Circuit Parameters:

Using TINA-TI's transient analysis features, we simulate and measure key
parameters, including:

● Range of adjustment for the output voltage.

● Transformer secondary voltage and rectifier output.
● Peak-to-peak ripple voltage with a full load.

Verification of Output Response:

To analyze output under different loads, measurements are taken with various resistor
values (e.g., 20 ohms) connected across the output. These simulations allow us to observe
changes in DC output voltage (VDC) and ripple voltage (Vrpp) under load.

Calculation of Resistor Values:

We calculate values of the potentiometer resistance, R2R2R2, required to achieve
specified output voltages (e.g., 5V, 8V, and 12V). Additionally, we determine the percentage
adjustment on the potentiometer needed to reach these values.

Data Collection and Analysis:

Key measurements, including load current, power dissipation, transformer turns ratio,
expected VDC, and ripple, are recorded and analyzed. This data provides insights into the
circuit’s performance and helps verify theoretical calculations.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Circuit Verification Data Sheet

Record the measurements taken to verify the operation. These should include the
Range of Adjustment, the No-Load Output Voltage, the Transformer Secondary Voltage, the
Rectifier Voltage Output, and the Peak to Peak Ripple at full output load.
Note: Some of the values required below can be measured using transient analysis and for
ease of measurement separate the generated curves.

1. Output Voltage and LED Test:

LED operational 1.6V

Output Voltage Range of Adjustment 1.26V to 10.62V

2. Calculate the following:
a. Value of 𝑅2 to generate an output voltage of 5V. 𝑅2=1530 ohm

b. The % turn of the potentiometer to generate an output voltage of 5V. % = 30.6%

c. Value of 𝑅2 to generate an output voltage of 8V. 𝑅2=2754 ohm

d. The % turn of the potentiometer to generate an output voltage of 8V. % = 55.08%

 e. Value of 𝑅2 to generate an output voltage of 12V. 𝑅2=4386 ohm

f. The % turn of the potentiometer to generate an output voltage of 12V. % = 87.72%

3. Adjust output to 5 VDC with a 20-ohm load resistor attached to the output.

Measured Load Current 250.18mA

Calculate the power being dissipated by the 20-ohm resistor. 1.251W

P= V × I
P= 5 × 0.2502 = 1.251W
4. Calculate the expected turns ratio of the transformer from the transformer data listed on the
Bill of Material. Calculate and measure VSec RMS.
Calculated n = _________ Calculated VSec RMS = __________
Measured VPri RMS = _________ Measured VSec RMS = _________
● Calculated n = 1:10
● Measured Vpri RMS = 120V
● Calculated Vsec RMS = 120*(1/10) = 12V
● Measured Vsec RMS = 12V

5. Calculate the expected DC Voltage (VDC) and Peak to Peak Ripple (Vrpp) out of the filter
circuit using the formula: Vrpp = ILOAD/fC where f = frequency and C is the value of the
filter capacitor. Use a load current of 70 milliamps.

Calculated VDC = _70.5835V_ Calculated Vrpp = _0.7V_

6. Measure the DC Voltage (VDC) and Peak to Peak Ripple (
Vrpp) out of the filter circuit values with the 20-ohm resistor in place:
Measured VDC = 10.62V

Measured Vrpp = 4V

7. Measure the VDC and Vrpp of the output voltage of the power supply with the 20-ohm
load resistor in place.
VDC of the Power Supply Output = 10.62V
Vrpp of the Power Supply Output = 4V
SAME WITH ITEM #6
CONCLUSION

In this laboratory project, a DC power supply circuit was designed and simulated
using TINA-TI software, which provided insights into transformers, bridge rectifiers, LM317
voltage regulators, and filter capacitors. The simulation was able to produce an adjustable
output voltage between 1.26V and 10.62V, matching the LM317's design expectations, and
confirming the calculated potentiometer resistances for target voltages (5V, 8V, 12V). The
transformer’s turns ratio of 1:The secondary voltage was verified as 10, which gave a
secondary voltage of 12V RMS, and the ripple voltage was measured at 4V, indicating that
filtering in practical applications is required.

The measured full load output voltage was 10.62V, as expected. The power loss in the
20-ohm load resistor was calculated at 1.251W, showing that power loss must be managed.
The simulation showed that the design was able to meet voltage adjustment, transformer
performance, and output quality requirements, and the ripple could be reduced in some areas.
These results provide a basis for creating a physical power supply that meets real-world
requirements.