Sipna College of Engineering & Technology, Amravati.

Department of Computer science and Engineering

Branch: - Computer Science & Engg. Class:- IV Year
Subject: - DAA Semester:- VIIth

Teacher Manual

PRACTICAL NO: 6

AIM: To study the different power supply and protection in the PC.

THEORY:

Power Supply:
A power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an electrical load. The primary
function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to another and, as a result, power
supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters. Some power supplies are discrete, stand-
alone devices, whereas others are built into larger devices along with their loads. Examples of the latter
include power supplies found in desktop computers and consumer electronics devices.
Every power supply must obtain the energy it supplies to its load, as well as any energy it
consumes while performing that task, from an energy source. Depending on its design, a power supply may
obtain energy from various types of energy sources, including electrical energy transmission systems,
energy storage devices such as a batteries and fuel cells, electromechanical systems such as generators and
alternators, solar power converters, or another power supply.
All power supplies have a power input, which receives energy from the energy source, and a power
output that delivers energy to the load. In most power supplies the power input and output consist of
electrical connectors or hardwired circuit connections, though some power supplies employ wireless energy
transfer in lieu of galvanic connections for the power input or output. Some power supplies have other types
of inputs and outputs as well, for functions such as external monitoring and control.
Types Of Power Supply:
AC Power Supply:
Alternating Current (AC) electrical current flows in both directions; positive and negative terminals
continuously trade places (polarity). An AC power supply typically takes the voltage from a wall
outlet (mains supply) and lowers it to the desired voltage. Some filtering may take place as well.
DC Power Supply:
Direct Current (DC) electrical current flows in one direction; negative to positive. A DC power
supply is one that supplies a voltage of fixed polarity (either positive or negative) to its load.

CSE/VI/CLAB-II/PR06 Page | 1
 Sipna College of Engineering & Technology, Amravati.
Department of Computer science and Engineering
Depending on its design, a DC power supply may be powered from a DC source or from an AC
source such as the power mains.
Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS):
In a switched-mode power supply (SMPS), the AC mains input is directly rectified and then filtered
to obtain a DC voltage. The resulting DC voltage is then switched on and off at a high frequency by
electronic switching circuitry, thus producing an AC current that will pass through a high-frequency
transformer or inductor. Switching occurs at a very high frequency (typically 10 kHz to 1 MHz), thereby
enabling the use of transformers and filter capacitors that are much smaller, lighter, and less expensive than
those found in linear power supplies operating at mains frequency. After the inductor or transformer
secondary, the high frequency AC is rectified and filtered to produce the DC output voltage. If the SMPS
uses an adequately insulated high-frequency transformer, the output will be electrically isolated from the
mains; this feature is often essential for safety.
Switched-mode power supplies are usually regulated, and to keep the output voltage constant, the
power supply employs a feedback controller that monitors current drawn by the load. The switching duty
cycle increases as power output requirements increase.
Switched Mode Power Supply uses a switching regulator to convert electric power efficiently.
SMPS transfers electric power from a source ( AC mains) to the load by converting the characteristics of
current and voltage. SMPS always provide a well regulated power to the load irrespective of the input
variations. SMPS incorporates a Pass transistor that switches very fast typically at 50Hz and 1 MHz between
the on and off states to minimize the energy waste. SMPS regulates the output power by varying the on to
off time using minimum voltage so that efficiency is very high compared to the linear power supply.

Fig.: Block diagram of SMPS.

CSE/VI/CLAB-II/PR06 Page | 2
 Sipna College of Engineering & Technology, Amravati.
Department of Computer science and Engineering
Components of SMPS:
The SMPS essentially has
1. Input rectifier
2. Inverter
3. Voltage converter
4. Output regulator

Input rectifier:

The AC input from mains is first rectified in the SMPS using a rectifier to convert it into DC. The
rectifier consisting of a full wave diode bridge or module that produces an unregulated DC voltage to the
Smoothing capacitor. The input AC passing into the rectifier has AC voltage pulses that may reduce the
power factor. So control techniques are used to force the average input current to follow the sine wave.

Inverter:

This stage converts the rectified DC into AC using a power oscillator. The power oscillator has a
small output transformer with a few windings at the frequency 20-100 kHz. Switching is controlled
by a MOSFET amplifier. The output AC voltage is usually isolated optically from the input AC by
using an Optocoupler IC for safety reasons.

Voltage Converter:

A Voltage convertor is an electric power converter which changes the voltage of an electrical power
source. It may be combined with other components to create power supply.

Output Regulator:

Output Regulator is a voltage regulator which is design to automatically maintain constant voltage. It
is used to stabilize the DC voltage used by the processor and other elements of the Computer.

Checklist for Protecting Your Computers and Data From Power Problems:

1. Inventory all electronic equipment to be protected

 Include total wattage required for each piece of equipment you want to connect top
uninterruptible power

 Include physical location of the equipment

2. Draw a floor plan of your office

CSE/VI/CLAB-II/PR06 Page | 3
 Sipna College of Engineering & Technology, Amravati.
Department of Computer science and Engineering
 Include locations of equipment you want to protect

 Include electrical outlets, plug type, circuit information and amperage.

3. Decide what level of power protection to provide each piece of equipment.

4. Purchase and implement power protection equipment.

RESULT: Thus, We have studied different power supply and protection in the PC.

CSE/VI/CLAB-II/PR06 Page | 4