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Classification of Power Supply and Its Different Types

There are two main types of power supplies: AC and DC. AC power supplies can be variable or unregulated linear, while DC power supplies can be unregulated linear or regulated linear. A switch mode power supply (SMPS) is more complex, using high-frequency switching to reduce component size. An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) provides backup power in case of outage to allow for orderly shutdown.

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Aizel Jacob Roncejero
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149 views27 pages

Classification of Power Supply and Its Different Types

There are two main types of power supplies: AC and DC. AC power supplies can be variable or unregulated linear, while DC power supplies can be unregulated linear or regulated linear. A switch mode power supply (SMPS) is more complex, using high-frequency switching to reduce component size. An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) provides backup power in case of outage to allow for orderly shutdown.

Uploaded by

Aizel Jacob Roncejero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Classification of Power Supply and

Its Different Types


 The power supply unit is the part of the hardware that is used to
convert the power provided from the outlet into usable power to
many parts inside an electrical device. Every energy supply must
drive its load, which is connected to it. Depending on its design, a
power supply unit may obtain energy from various types of energy
sources, like electrical energy transmission systems,
electromechanical systems such as generators and alternators,
solar power converters, energy storage devices such as a battery
and fuel cells, or other power supply. There are two types of
power supplies existed, AC and DC power supply. Based on the
electrical device’s electric specifications it may use AC power or
DC power.
Variable AC Power Supply
 Thedifferent AC voltages are generated by using a
transformer. The transformer may have multiple
windings or taps, in which case the instrument uses
switches to select the different voltage levels.
Alternatively, a variable transformer (adjustable
autotransformer) can be used to continuously vary
the voltages. Some variable AC supplies are included
meters to monitor the voltage, current, and/or
power.
Unregulated Linear Power Supply
 Unregulated power supplies contain a step-down
transformer, rectifier, filter capacitor, and a bleeder
resistor. This type of power supply, because of simplicity, is
the least costly and most reliable for low power
requirements. The main disadvantage is that the output
voltage is not constant. It will vary with the input voltage
and the load current, and the ripple is not suitable for
electronic applications. The ripple can be reduced by
changing the filter capacitor to an LC (inductor-capacitor)
filter, but the cost becomes more.
Input transformer

 The input transformer is used to convert


the incoming line voltage down to the
required level of the power supply. It also
isolates the output circuit from the line
supply. Here we are using a 
step-down transformer.
Input transformer
Rectifier

The rectifier used to convert the


incoming signal from an AC format into
raw DC. Please refer these links,
Different types of rectifiers available
are half wave rectifier and 
full-wave rectifier.
Rectifier Diodes
Half-Wave Rectifier
Full-Wave Rectifier
Full-Wave Bridge Type Rectifier
Filter Capacitor

The pulsated DC from the rectifier


is fed to the smoothing capacitor.
It will remove the unwanted
ripples in the pulsated DC.
Bleeder Resistor

Bleeder Resistor is also known as a


power supply drain resistor. It is
connected across the filter
capacitors to drain their stored
charge so that the power system
supply is not dangerous.
Regulated Linear Power Supply

 Regulated linear power supplies are same to the unregulated


linear power supply except that a 3-terminal regulator is used
in place of the bleeder resistor. The main aim of this supply is
to provide the required level of DC power to the load. The DC
power supply uses an AC supply as the input. Different
applications require different levels of attributes voltages, but
nowadays the DC power supplies provide an accurate output
voltage. And this voltage is regulated by an electronic
circuitry so that it provides a constant output voltage over a
wide range of output loads.
Here the basic circuit diagram
for Regulated Linear Power Supply 
Smoothing

Once rectified from an AC signal,


the DC needs to be smoothed to
remove the varying voltage level.
Large value capacitors are
generally used for this purpose.
Voltage Regulator

A linear regulator has an active (BJT or


MOSFET) pass device (series or shunt)
controlled by a high gain differential
amplifier. It compares the output voltage
with a precise reference voltage and
adjusts the pass device to maintain a
constant level output voltage.
Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS)
 The SMPS has a rectifier, filter capacitor, series transistor,
regulator, transformer, but is more complicated than the
other power supplies that we have discussed.
 The above-shown schematic is a simple block diagram.
The AC voltage is rectified to an unregulated DC voltage,
with the series transistor and the regulator. This DC is
chopped to a constant high-frequency voltage which
enables the size of the transformer to be dramatically
reduced and allows for a much smaller power supply. The
disadvantages of this type of supply are that all of the
transformers have to be custom-made and the complexity
of the power supply does not lend itself to low production
or economical low power applications.
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
UPS is a Backup power source that, in
the case of power failure or
fluctuations, allows enough time for
an orderly shutdown of the system or
for a standby generator to start up.
UPS consists usually of a bank of
rechargeable batteries and power
sensing and conditioning circuitry. 
UPS

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