Sipna College of Engineering & Technology, Amravati.

Department of Computer science and Engineering

Branch: - Computer Science & Engg. Class:- III Year
Subject: - CLab-II Semester:- VIth

Teacher Manual

PRACTICAL NO: 7

AIM: Study of various PC Ports Serial Interface and Modem

THEORY:
Port
Port is a physical docking point using which an external device can be connected to the computer. It
can also be programmatic docking point through which information flows from a program to computer or
over the internet.
Characteristics:-
External devices are connected to a computer using cables and ports. Ports are slots on the
motherboard into which a cable of external device is plugged in. Examples of external devices attached via
ports are mouse, keyboard, monitor, microphone, speakers etc.

Following are few important types of ports:

• Serial Port:-Used for external modems and older computer mouse Two versions : 9 pin, 25 pin
mode,Data travels at 115 kilobits per second

• Parallel Port:-Used for scanners and printers.Also called printer port 25 pin model.Also known as
IEEE 1284-compliant Centronics port

• PS/2 Port:- Used for old computer keyboard and mouse.Also called mouse port.Most of the old
computers provide two PS/2 port, each for mouse and keyboard.Also known as IEEE 1284-
compliant Centronics port

• Universal Serial Bus (or USB) Port:-It can connect all kinds of external USB devices such as
external hard disk, printer, scanner, mouse, keyboard etc.It was introduced in 1997.Most of the
computers provide two USB ports as minimum. Data travels at 12 megabits per seconds.USB
compliant devices can get power from a USB port

• VGA Port:-Connects monitor to a computer's video card.Has 15 holes.Similar to serial port

connector but serial port connector has pins, it has holes.Power ConnectorThree-pronged plug

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 Sipna College of Engineering & Technology, Amravati.
Department of Computer science and Engineering
Connects to the computer's power cable that plugs into a power bar or wall socket

• Firewire Port:-Transfers large amount of data at very fast speed. Connects camcorders and video
equipments to the computer Data travels at 400 to 800 megabits per seconds Invented by Apple

• Three variants:- 4-Pin FireWire 400 connector, 6-Pin FireWire 400 connector and 9-Pin FireWire
800 connector

• Modem Port:- Connects a PC's modem to the telephone network Ethernet Port Connects to a network
and high speed Internet.Connect network cable to a computer.This port resides on an Ethernet Card.
Data travels at 10 megabits to 1000 megabits per seconds depending upon the network bandwidth.

• Game Port:-Connect a joystick to a PC Now replaced by USB Digital Video Interface, DVI port
Connects Flat panel LCD monitor to the computer's high end video graphic cards.Very popular
among video card manufacturers.

• Sockets:-Connect microphone, speakers to sound card of the computer Technology

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 Sipna College of Engineering & Technology, Amravati.
Department of Computer science and Engineering
What is serial interface?

A serial interface is a communication interface between two digital systems that transmits data as a
series of voltage pulses down a wire. A "1" is represented by a high logical voltage and a "0" is represented
by a low logical voltage. Essentially, the serial interface encodes the bits of a binary number by their
"temporal" location on a wire rather than their "spatial" location within a set of wires. Encoding data bits by
their "spatial" location is referred to as a parallel interface and encoding bits by their "temporal" location is
referred to as a serial interface.
Asynchronous (SCI) Serial Interface:
In an asynchronous serial interface, the reading of the data line is initiated by detecting the start bit.
Upon detecting the start bit, the receiver then begins reading the "data" bits from the line at regular intervals
determined by the receiver's clock. This means, of course, that the transmitter and receiver must have a prior
agreement on the rate at which data is to be transmitted.
Synchronous Serial Interface:
In a synchronous serial interface, the receiver has no internal clock. This means that the receiver
cannot independently synchronize its reading of the data line with the transmitter's transmission rate. The
receiver needs some help and that help comes in the form of a clock signal that is shared by the transmitter
and receiver. The clock signal acts a control line that tells the receiver when to read from the data line. What
this means is that the transmitter and receiver must synchronize their access to the data line in order to
successfully transmit data.
What is modem?
A modem modulates outgoing digital signals from a computer or other digital device to analog
signals for a conventional copper twisted pair telephone line and demodulates the incoming analog signal
and converts it to a digital signal for the digital device. When an analog facility is used for data
communication between two digital devices called Data Terminal Equipment (DTE), modems are used at
each end. DTE can be a terminal or a computer.

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 Sipna College of Engineering & Technology, Amravati.
Department of Computer science and Engineering
The features of modem

1. The speed of the modem is measured in bps means bits per second. Data transfer speed can be
increased by using the technique of data compression.

2. If we are using a modem having auto answering facility. Then our modem will be able to attend
calls even in our absence.

3. Modems work basically in two modes. One is voice mode and other is data mode. In voice mode
modem acts like a simple telephone. But in data mode modem acts as a Simple modem. These
types of modems have a switch which is helpful in changing the mode i.e. from voice mode to
data mode and from data mode to voice mode. For voice communication, loudspeaker and a
microphone is implemented in the modem.

4. Some modems have the ability to compress data. These modems compress data before sending to
improve the data transfer rates. But there must be a similar technology modem to decompress the
data at the receiver end.

Steps to Connecting Modem

Step 1: Install your filters

Your kit comes with 2 DSL filters. . You do. They split the signal going through the line between your
voice/phone service and your data/Internet service. They're very important to making sure you get the best
possible results from your phone and Internet connection

Step 2: Find a good place for your modem

Where you decide to place your modem can affect its performance. As with most electronic equipment, pick
a place that has good air circulation and that won't get too hot. If electronic components get excessively hot,
they don't typically work as well and may break.

Step 3: Power your modem up

Fix a slow connection. This could be caused by many variables. There could be a problem with your
computer or the modem was installed incorrectly. Sometimes there are problems with the service provider
that will have to be fixed on their end. Make sure that all of the cables are connected properly and, if need
be, try reinstalling the modem. Once you have found the perfect place for your modem, it's time to give it
some power. Start by connecting the power cord to the modem and plugging it in.

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 Sipna College of Engineering & Technology, Amravati.
Department of Computer science and Engineering
Troubleshooting Your Modem:-

1. Fix a modem that won’t turn on. Make sure the power supply is plugged in properly to both
the modem and the power outlet. If the modem is plugged into a power strip, make sure that
the strip is still functioning. If everything looks like it should be working k, there may be an
issue with the power cable or the modem itself.

2. Fix a modem that won’t connect. The simplest way to fix any connection issues with your
modem is to power cycle it. This means unplugging it from the power source, waiting about
30 seconds, and then plugging it back in. This will reset the modem’s settings, hopefully
restoring the connection. If the problem persists, contact your service provider; there could be
an outage in your area.

3. Fix a slow connection. This could be caused by many variables. There could be a problem
with your computer or the modem was installed incorrectly. Sometimes there are problems
with the service provider that will have to be fixed on their end. Make sure that all of the
cables are connected properly and, if need be, try reinstalling the modem.

RESULT: Thus, We studies about PC Ports,Serial Interface and Modem

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