2020 Year 11 Mathematics Advanced Solutions

1. B 6. C
Using the scale on the vertical axis, we can see that The graph shows a smooth curve without any cut,
the range is −5 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1. As the length of the range and so is continuous. At the origin, the gradient is
is equal twice the amplitude then vertical and so it is undefined.
2𝑎 = 1 − (−5) = 6, that is the amplitude is 3. Hence the function is not differentiable at the origin.
Now, starting from the point ( 0, −2) the curve
7. B
will complete a cycle when it reaches the point
As 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 is an odd function then
( 2, −2), this indicates that the period is 2.
sin(−x) = − sinx.
2. C Also, sin( − 𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥.
From this graph, we can see that each x value has Hence, 𝑠𝑖𝑛(−𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛( − 𝑥) + 1
only one y value, but that the x values of 0.9 and 1.1 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 × 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 1
have the same y value. Hence, many x values could = −𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥.
have the same y value and so this relation can be 8. C
described as many to one. 𝑃 (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
3. D As A and B are independent events,
As the perimeter is 28 cm, then 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃 (𝐴) × 𝑃(𝐵)
28 = 8 + 8 + 𝑙 , where 𝑙 is the length of the arc. By substituting in 𝑃 (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵), we get
This means 𝑙 = 12 cm. 𝑃 (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃 (𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃 (𝐴) × 𝑃(𝐵)
Using the formula 𝑙 = 𝑟 × , 0.688 = 0.4 + 𝑃(𝐵) − 0.4 × 𝑃(𝐵)
12 = 8 ×  that is  = 1.5 radians. 0.688 = 0.4 + 0.6 𝑃(𝐵)
Now, 1.5 radians = 1.5 ×
180
𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 0.288 = 0.6 𝑃(𝐵)

0.288
= 85 56′ 37.21" ≈ 85 57′ = 𝑃(𝐵)
0.6
4. A Hence, 𝑃 (𝐵) = 0.48.
As we cannot take the square root of a negative 9. B
number, then the curve exists only if 1 − 𝑥 ≥ 0 𝑥 3
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 (𝑒√𝑒) = 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 (𝑒 2 )
that is −𝑥 ≥ −1 which means 𝑥 ≤ 1.
3 3𝑥
Using interval notation, the domain is (−∞, 1 ]. = 𝑥 × × 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑒 =
2 2
10. A
5. D
The sum of the probabilities must be 1.
The displacement of the particle is
This means 0.25 + √𝑏 + 10𝑏 + 0.15 = 1
x = ( e2t + 1 )2
𝑑𝑥 that is √𝑏 = 0.6 − 10𝑏
The velocity of the particle is v = .
𝑑𝑡 By squaring both sides, we get
This means v = 2 ( e2t
+ 1 ) × 2𝑒 2𝑡 𝑏 = 0.36 − 12𝑏 + 100𝑏²
= 4 𝑒 2𝑡 ( e2t + 1 ). 100𝑏2 − 13𝑏 + 0.36 = 0
Alternative method Using the quadratic formula, we get
𝑑𝑢 13 ± √ 169− 4× 100 × 0.36
Let 𝑢 = 𝑒 2𝑡 + 1 so 𝑑𝑡
= 2𝑒 2𝑡 𝑏= 2 × 100
2 dx 9 1
But 𝑥 = 𝑢 this means du
= 2𝑢 𝑏= = 0.09 𝑜𝑟 𝑏 = = 0.04
𝑑𝑥 dx 𝑑𝑢 100 25
Using 𝑑𝑡
= du × 𝑑𝑡 Only b = 0.04 is valid as it satisfies the sum of the
𝑑𝑥 probabilities must be 1.
= 2𝑢 × 2𝑒 2𝑡
𝑑𝑡
P (at most 2 ) = 𝑃(1 𝑜𝑟 2)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡
= 4𝑒 2𝑡 × 𝑢 but 𝑢 = 𝑒 2𝑡 + 1 = 𝑃 (1) + 𝑃(2)
𝑑𝑥 = 0.25 + 0.2 = 0.45
So, 𝑣 = 𝑑𝑡
= 4𝑒 2𝑡 (𝑒 2𝑡 + 1)

 S & G Publishing – 2020 Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Yearly Solutions 1

11. The function is f (x) = log 2 x. 𝑒 2𝑥
15. c) 𝑦=
As 𝑓 (𝑝) = 4 then 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑝 = 4. 𝑒 2𝑥 + 1
Using the quotient rule
This means 𝑝 = 24 = 16.
Let 𝑢 = 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑣 = 𝑒 2𝑥 + 1
12. By completing the squares u’ = 2𝑒 2𝑥 𝑣 ′ = 2𝑒 2𝑥
𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 36 + 𝑦 2 + 14𝑦 + 49 = 36 + 49 dy 2𝑒 2𝑥 ( 𝑒 2𝑥 + 1) − 𝑒 2𝑥 × 2𝑒 2𝑥
(𝑥 − 6)2 + (𝑦 + 7)2 = 85 Hence, = ( 𝑒 2𝑥 + 1 )2
dx
Hence, the centre is (6, −7) and the 2𝑒 4𝑥 + 2𝑒 2𝑥 − 2𝑒 4𝑥
=
radius is √85 units. ( 𝑒 2𝑥 + 1 )2
2𝑒 4𝑥 + 2𝑒 2𝑥 − 2𝑒 4𝑥
=
13. 2 cos 𝑥 = −√3, where 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋. ( 𝑒 2𝑥 + 1 )2
√3 2𝑒 2𝑥
cos 𝑥 = − =
2 ( 𝑒 2𝑥 + 1 )2
5
cos 𝑥 = cos 6 16. a) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎 (𝑥 − 2 )2 + 8
5 5
x= 6
+ 2𝑛 or x = − 6
+ 2𝑛 Substituting ( 0 , 6 ) into the equation, we get
5 7 6 = 𝑎 × (−2)2 + 8 that is −2 = 4𝑎
n = 0, x = 6
n = 1, x = 6 1
5 7
Hence, 𝑎 = − .
2
Hence, solutions are x = , . 1
6 6 16. b) The maximum value of 𝑓 (𝑥) = − 2 (𝑥 − 2)2 + 8
4 3
14. cosec x = 3 this means sin x = , occurs when 𝑥 − 2 = 0 that is 𝑥 = 2.
4
1
As sin 𝑥 is positive and not acute then it must So, 𝑦 = − (2 − 2)2 + 8 = 8
2
be obtuse or in the 2nd quadrant. Hence, A is (2, 8)
y
16. c) To find C and D, let y = 0 , we get
𝑥 = √42 − 32 1 1
− 2 (𝑥 − 2)2 + 8 = 0 that is 2 (𝑥 − 2)2 = 8
4 x= √7
3 So, (𝑥 − 2)2 = 16
𝑥 𝑥 − 2 = ±4
x 𝑥 = 2 ± 4 Hence, 𝑥 = −2 𝑜𝑟 6.
– √7
Now, the area of ACD
3
Hence, 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = − . 1
√7
𝐴 = × 8 × 8 = 32 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 2
2
15. a) 𝑦 = (𝑥 2 + 1)4 1
𝑑𝑦
16. d) 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 + 1) − 1 = − 2 (𝑥 + 1 − 2)2 + 8 − 1
= 4 (𝑥 2 + 1)3 × 2𝑥 1
𝑑𝑥 So, 𝑦 = − 2 (𝑥 − 1)2 + 7
2 )3
= 8𝑥 (𝑥 + 1 .
Now, the maximum value will occur when
Alternative method 𝑥 = 1 and the y value will be 7.
𝑑𝑢
Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 1 so = 2𝑥. Hence, the vertex will be (1, 7)
𝑑𝑥
dy Alternative method
But 𝑦 = 𝑢4 this means = 4𝑢3
du As the vertex of 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑖𝑠 (2, 8) , using the
𝑑𝑦 dy 𝑑𝑢
Using 𝑑𝑥
= du × 𝑑𝑥
technique of a translation, the vertex of
𝑓 (𝑥 + 1) − 1 will be at (𝟐 − 1, 𝟖 − 1 )
= 2𝑥 × 4𝑢3
Hence, the vertex of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 + 1) − 1
= 2𝑥 × 4(𝑥 2 + 1)3 = 8𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 1)3
is 𝑎𝑡 (1, 7).
15. b) 𝑦 = 𝑥 × 𝑒 2𝑥
Using the product rule 17. As AB is perpendicular to BC, then
Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 𝑣 = 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑚𝐴𝐵 × 𝑚𝐵𝐶 = −1
u’ = 1 𝑣′ = 2𝑒 2𝑥 3+ 1 𝑝−3
dy 2𝑥 2𝑥
× = −1
Now, =1×𝑒 + 𝑥 × 2𝑒 −1− 8 3+1
dx 4 𝑝−3
= 𝑒 2𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 = (1 + 2𝑥) 𝑒 2𝑥 this means × = −1
−9 4
that is 𝑝 − 3 = 9 Hence, 𝑝 = 12.

 S & G Publishing – 2020 Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Yearly Solutions 2

 1
18. a) Class 21. 𝑓(𝑥) = √4 − 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 ,
1
Now, 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑔( √4 − 𝑥 ) =
√4− 𝑥
As we cannot take the square root of a negative
Basketball Netball 1
3 number and 0
is undefined, this means
7 8 4 − 𝑥 > 0 that is −𝑥 > −4 So, 𝑥 < 4
5
Hence, the domain of g(𝑓(𝑥)) 𝑖𝑠 𝑥 < 4.

As only 10 students play basketball and 18 students 22. 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑥 − 1) + 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑥 − 3) = 3

play at least 1 of basketball and netball, this means 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 3) = 3
that 18 − 10 = 8 students play netball only. (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 3) = 23 = 8
Also, as there are 23 students in the class then 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 5 = 0
23 − 8 = 15 students must play basketball (𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 1) = 0
or neither sport. So 𝑥 = 5 𝑜𝑟 − 1
As 10 of these 15 students play basketball But as we cannot take the log of a negative
then 5 must play neither sport. number, 𝑥 cannot be −1.
As only 12 do not play netball, 3 of the basketball Hence, the only solution is 𝑥 = 5.
players must also play netball.
23. y
Checking back through the statements provided, the
numbers on the Venn Diagram are correct. max (− 4, 4 )
18. b) There are 11 students who play netball,
of these only 3 also play basketball.
Hence, the probability that a student who plays
3 x
netball also plays basketball is .
11

19. For mutually exclusive events,

𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵)
0.72 = 𝑃 (𝐴) + 2 × 𝑃(𝐴) min (4, -4)

0.72 = 3 × 𝑃 (𝐴)
When 𝑥 < −4, 𝑦 ′ > 0 When 𝑥 = −4, 𝑦 ′ = 0
0.24 = 𝑃 (𝐴) So, 𝑃 (𝐵) = 2 × 0.24 = 0.48.
x –4 4
20. a)
𝑓’(𝑥) + 0 − 0 +
2 2
x P(X = x) x P(X = x) x x P(X = x)

2 0.15 0.3 4 0.6 𝑓 (𝑥) max min

4 0.2 0.8 16 3.2 From the table we can see that x coordinates of the
turning points of 𝑓(𝑥) which are at 𝑥 = −4 and
6 0.35 2.1 36 12.6
𝑥 = 4 become the x intercepts of f ′ (x).
8 0.3 2.4 64 19.2 Also, the x coordinate of the point of inflection of
𝑓(𝑥) which is at 𝑥 = 0 becomes the x coordinate
20. b) The expected value can be calculated using the turning point. It should be noted 𝑎𝑠 f(x) is
𝐸 (𝑋 ) = ∑ 𝑥 𝑝(𝑥) a cubic curve then f ′ (x) will be a quadratic curve,
𝐸 (𝑋 ) = 0.3 + 0.8 + 2.1 + 2.4 that is, a smooth parabolic curve.
𝐸 (𝑋 ) = 5.6
24. 𝑓(𝑥) = (3𝑥 + 𝑎 )𝑏 then 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑏 (3𝑥 + 𝑎)𝑏−1
20. c) 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋 ) = ∑ 𝑥² 𝑝(𝑥) − (∑ 𝑥 𝑝(𝑥))2 Also, 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 81𝑥 2 − 216𝑥 + 144
= 35.6 − 5.62 = 4.24 = 9 (9𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 16) = 9 ( 3𝑥 − 4 )2
Hence, the Standard deviation is By comparing the two expressions for 𝑓 ′ (𝑥), we get
3𝑏 = 9 𝑠𝑜 𝑏 = 3. or 𝑏 − 1 = 2, so 𝑏 = 3.
√4.24 = 2.06 (2 d.p.)
Also, 𝑎 = −4.
 S & G Publishing – 2020 Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Yearly Solutions 3
25. 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 29. b) 𝑓 (x) will have 2 stationary turning points
This means 𝑃(business seat or on a Saturday) when 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 has 2 real roots that is
= 𝑃(business seat ) + 𝑃(on a Saturday) 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0 has 2 distinct solutions.
− 𝑃(business seat and on a Saturday) this means the discriminant 𝑏² − 4𝑎𝑐 > 0.
By substitution, we get So, 36 − 4 × 3 × 𝑘 > 0
0.56 = 0.2 + 0.45 − 𝑃(business seat and 36 − 12𝑘 > 0
on a Saturday ) −12𝑘 > −36 therefore, 𝑘 < 3
Hence, when 𝑘 < 3, f (x) will have 2 distinct
𝑃(business seat and on a Saturday ) = 0.09
turning points.
Hence,
𝑃(on a Saturday but not a business seat )
30. a) The probabilities for each outcome can be
= 0.45 − 0.09 = 0.36.
calculated from the following table.
cot  cot 
26. 𝐿𝐻𝑆 = − 0 1 2 3 4
1− sin  1+ sin 
cot  ( 1 + sin  ) − cot  (1− sin  ) 0 0 0 0 0 0
=
1− 𝑠𝑖𝑛²
1 0 1 2 3 4
cot  + cot  sin  − cot  + cot  sin 
= 2 0 2 4 6 8
1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛²
cos 
2 cot  sin 
2 sin  × sin  3 0 3 6 9 12
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠²
=
𝑐𝑜𝑠² 4 0 4 8 12 16
cos 
2 2
= = cos 
𝑐𝑜𝑠² These can be used to complete the table below
= 2 sec  =RHS Score Outcome (x) 𝑝(𝑥) 𝑥 𝑝(𝑥)
27. a) OC = 6 cm (given C is midpoint of OB)
2𝑑 10 20𝑑
Let angle AOB = . 0 or 1 Lose
3
dollars −
25 75
1
18√3 = × 12 × 6 × sin  4
2 2 or 3 Gain $75 $12
18√3 = 36 sin  25
√3 5𝑑 8 40𝑑
= sin  4, 6, 8 or 9 Lose
3
dollars −
2 25 75
2π
Hence,  = 3
as  is an obtuse angle 3
12 or 16 Gain $125 $15
25
1
27. b) Area of a sector = 2 𝑟 2  The expected value for this distribution would be
1 2π 60 𝑑
= × 122 × 𝐸 (𝑋 ) = $27 − 75
2 3
= 48 600
If 𝑑 = $10 then 𝐸(𝑋) = $27 − 75
Shaded area = 48 − 18√3 𝑐𝑚² 𝐸 (𝑋) = $19
If 𝑑 = $10, the player could expect to win $19
28. 𝑎 is the amplitude, 𝑎 = 16 − 10 = 6 each game.
2π
The period is 16 months, so b
= 16
𝜋 30. b) If the game is fair, the player would expect to
that is 2 = 16 𝑏 Hence, 𝑏 = 8 .
win the same amount as the cost to play.
60𝑑
29. a) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) =,𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥 + 1 This means 𝑑 = $27 − 75
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 𝑘 75 𝑑 = $2025 − 60𝑑
As 𝑓 ′ (1) = 2 then 3 − 6 + 𝑘 = 2 135 𝑑 = $2025
that is −3 + 𝑘 = 2 Hence, 𝑘 = 5 Hence, 𝑑 = $15.

 S & G Publishing – 2020 Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Yearly Solutions 4