CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Science 9
First Quarter, Module 7

LOIDA A. BOSLAY
Developer
Department of Education. Cordillera Administrative Region
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Cordillera Administrative Region
Schools Division of Benguet

Published by:

Learning Resource Management and Development System

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2020

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This material has been developed for the implementation of the K-12 Curriculum
through the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)-Learning Resource
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 WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

In the previous module, you have learned how plants

manufacture their own food through the process of
photosynthesis. You also found out that the end-products of this
process are oxygen, which we breathe in, and sugar (glucose).
In this module, you will learn how these end-products are
processed in heterotrophs to form energy and release other
products such as water and carbon dioxide. Discover the reason
why the mitochondria is called the powerhouse of the cell.
Learning Objectives: At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1.Describe the organelle involved in cellular

respiration;
2.Describe how stored energy from food is
changed to chemical energy for cell use;
3.Compare photosynthesis and cellular
respiration.

Before you start this module, be reminded of the following:

For the learners:

• Do not write anything on the pages of this module. Use an

activity notebook as your answer sheet;
• You can work at your own pace; however, make sure that you
will be able to finish all the assigned tasks within a week;
• This module is designed for self-learning at home with or
without the supervision of a parent/guardian/adult.
Therefore, accomplish all the tasks diligently and honestly;
• Make your work neat and clean for easier checking.

For the facilitators:

• Monitor your child or wards accomplishment daily;

• What
Provide neededI Know
materials to be used in this module;
• Contact the developer if you have some queries
related to this module;

• Affix your signature every after an

activity/assessment1 done by your child or ward.
 WHAT I KNOW

Directions: Answer the given items below. Choose the letter of the
correct answer.
Part A: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
___ 1. Which of these gases is needed in cellular respiration?
A. oxygen B. carbon dioxide C. carbon monoxide D. nitrogen
___ 2. Where is the main site for cellular respiration?
A. cytoplasm B. mitochondria C. nucleus D. cell membrane
___ 3. Which organelle is called the “powerhouse” of the cell?
A. nucleus b. ribosomes C. nucleus D. mitochondrion
___ 4. Which is not a process in cellular respiration?
A. glycolysis B. electron transport chain C. Krebs Cycle D. pyrolysis
___ 5. The energy currency in cells is called ____________.
A. Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate C. Adenosine Diphosphate
B. Adenosine Triphosphate D. Nicotinamide Dinucleotide Phosphate
___ 6. It is the process by which glucose is broken down into pyruvate and
produce a 2 Net ATP molecules.
A. Krebs Cycle B. Citric Acid Cycle C. glycolysis D. ETC

___ 7. Which is not an electron acceptor in cellular respiration?

A. NAD B. FAD C. hydrogen D. oxygen

___ 8. Which is the general chemical equation for cellular respiration?

A. C6H12O6 + 6CO2 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy
B. 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 + energy
C. C6H12O6 + 6CO2 + energy 6CO2 + 6H2O
D.6CO2 + 6H2O + energy C6H12O6 + 6O2

___ 9. Which of these processes provides the most number of ATP molecules?
A. Electron Transport Chain C. Krebs Cycle
B. glycolysis D. Cannot be determined

___ 10. Which of the following materials are cycled out by the chloroplast
and mitochondrion?
A. carbon dioxide, water, oxygen and ATP
B. sugar, water, oxygen and ATP
C. sugar, water, oxygen and sunlight
D. carbon dioxide, water, sugar and oxygen
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Part B: Put a check mark if the statement is correct, X if it is not.
___11.Photosynthesis happens and cellular respiration use
chlorophyll.
___12. The chloroplast and the mitochondrion are both double-
membraned.
___13. In photosynthesis, oxygen is released, in respiration,
carbon dioxide is produced.
___14. Light is needed for photosynthesis and respiration to
happen.
___15. Photosynthesis is the opposite reaction of cellular
respiration.

What’s In

Direction: Recall concepts on photosynthesis by completing the table.

sunlight
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + O2

Materials needed Products formed

What’s New

Activity 1: Word Discovery!

Direction: Discover some terms related to cellular respiration by
re-arranging all the letters in the given set of words to
form a single word.

___________________ 1. nod + micron + oh + it

___________________ 2. site + car
___________________ 3. icy + logs + sly
___________________ 4. very + up + at
___________________ 5. grey + en

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 WHAT IS IT

Let us now meet cellular respiration which mainly happens in the

organelle called mitochondrion (plural: mitochondria). It is an organelle with
folded membranes called cristae. The preparatory step for cellular respiration
is glycolysis where glucose is first broken down into pyruvate. This results to
2 ATP molecules which can provide energy for our cells.

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy

All the activities performed by

our body cells, tissues, and systems
are powered by energy provided by
adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Where
does this molecule come from?
Glucose inside the cell is
broken down to release the stored
energy. This is a short-term energy
currency of the cell and is generated
by the mitochondria (S.
dela Cruz 2002).
Figure 1:The Mitochondrion
Image Source: Wikimedia.org (OpenStax College 2013)
The Mitochondrion

Mitochondria are
membrane-enclosed organelles distributed through the cytoplasm of
most eukaryotic cells. Their main function is the conversion of the potential
energy of food molecules into ATP. This organelle has important parts. An
outer membrane encloses the entire structure that contains many complexes
of integral proteins that form openings. A variety of molecules and ions move
in and out of the mitochondrion through the openings. An inner membrane
encloses a fluid-filled matrix. This membrane contains five complexes of
integral proteins such as: NADH dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase,
cytochrome c reductase) cytochrome c oxidase and ATP synthase.

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Figure 2. Parts of a Mitochondrion *SA-surface area
Image Source: biologydictionary.net (BD editors 2020)

Aerobic Respiration

This is the process which uses oxygen to chemically break down food.
This takes place more slowly in a step-by-step process. The chemical
equation for this process is:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 +

6H2O + energy

What do you notice with the equation? Well, you’re right, it is the
opposite of the equation of photosynthesis.

Step 1: Glycolysis (The Preparatory Stage)

This is considered as a preparatory step which occurs in the cytoplasm

of the cell. In this process, the 6-carbon sugar, glucose, is broken down into
two molecules of a 3-carbon molecule called pyruvate. This change is
accompanied by a net gain of 2 ATP molecules and 2 NADH molecules.

C6H12O6 2 C3H4O3 + 2 ATP + 2 NADH

(Glucose) (pyruvate) (adenosine triphosphate)
*NADH- Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide bonded with a hydrogen ion (H+)

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 A transition step follows immediately after glycolysis. In this step,
pyruvate is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-coA). This molecule
delivers the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle.

Step 2: The Krebs Cycle

The Krebs cycle is also known as tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or citric
acid cycle. It was identified in 1937 by Hans Krebs. It occurs in the
mitochondrial matrix and generates a pool of chemical energy (ATP, NADH,
and FADH2) from the oxidation of pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis.

Pyruvate is transported into

the mitochondria and loses
carbon dioxide to form acetyl-
CoA, a 2carbon molecule.
When acetyl CoA is oxidized
to carbon dioxide in the Krebs
cycle, chemical energy is
released and captured in the
form of NADH, FADH2, and
ATP.

Figure 4: The Krebs Cycle

Image Source: Science 9 LM (Dep Ed 2017)

Step 3: Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

The electron transport chain allows the release of the large amount of
chemical energy stored in reduced NAD+ (NADH) and reduced FAD
(FADH2Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide bonded with H+). The energy released is
captured in the form of ATP. This phase of cellular respiration produces the
greatest number of chemical energy in the form of ATP (Department of
Education 2017). The production of ATP as a result of energy released from
the electron transport system is termed as oxidative phosphorylation.
When oxygen receives the low-energy electrons from the last carrier, it
combines with hydrogen ions and forms water (dela Cruz 2002).

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 The electron
transport chain is a series of
electron transporters
embedded in the inner
mitochondrial membrane
that shuttles electrons from
NADH and FADH2 to
molecular oxygen (last
electron acceptor) In the
process., protons are
pumped from the
mitochondrial membrane to
the intermembrane space
and oxygen is reduced to
form water (
Figure 5: The Electron Transport Chain (OpenStax CNX n.d.)
Image Source: lumenlearning.com

Table 1. Summary Table of Aerobic Respiration

Outputs
Stage Inputs
Other Products ATP

Glycolysis Glucose, NAD+, 2 pyruvate Net of 2 ATP

2ATP, 2 ADP + 2P 2 NADH
Krebs Cycle 2 Acetyl coA, 6 4 CO2, 6NADH, Net of 2 ATP
NAD+, 2 FAD 2 FADH2
Electron 10 NADH, H 2O 32 ATP
Transport Chain 2 FADH2

Adapted from Biology 1 by Susana dela Cruz

Anaerobic Respiration

Some organisms like bacteria and fungi, can break down food molecules in
the absence of oxygen. This process is called anaerobic respiration or
fermentation. It starts with glycolysis, followed by the conversion of pyruvate
to either lactic acid or alcohol and CO2. This is much less efficient than
aerobic respiration in harnessing enrgy in food molecules because only 2 ATP
molecules are generated (dela Cruz 2002).
Glucose ethyl alcohol or lactic acid + 2CO2 + 2 ATP

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 WHAT’S MORE

Activity 1: A Closer Look at Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Direction: Study the given diagram then answer the guide questions.

mitochondrion

Image Source: Teaching Guide in Integrative Science (Abad M 2010)

Guide Questions:

Q1. Where (cell part) does the process of glycolysis happen?

Q2. Where (cell part) do the Kreb’s Cycle and Electron Transport Chain
happen?

Q3. At which stage of cellular respiration is the greatest number of ATP

molecules produced?

Q4. What is the net number of ATP molecules produced from a single
molecule of glucose via aerobic cellular respiration?

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Assessment 1

Direction: Match the part listed in Column I with its short description and
function in Column II and Column III, respectively.

Column I Column II Column III

F. contains transport
1.cristae A. gel-like space within the protein for transfer of
inner membrane pyruvate
2. inner B. space between the inner G. increases surface area for
membrane and outer membrane processes to happen
3. C. outermost covering of H. can quickly
intermembrane the mitochondrion accumulate/collect protons
space

4. outer D. folded membrane of the I. contains enzymes for

membrane mitochondrion Krebs cycle

J. contains ETC and ATP

5. matrix E. highly folded structure synthase for oxidative
phosphorylation.

Activity 2

Direction: Match each vocabulary word with its correct definition.

Definitions Terms
_____ 1. channel protein and enzyme that A. aerobic respiration
makes ATP
_____ 2. also known as the Krebs cycle B. anaerobic respiration
_____ 3. energy-carrying compound produced C. ATP synthase
during the Krebs cycle D. citric acid cycle
_____ 4. end-product of glycolysis E. cristae
_____ 5. cellular respiration in the F. electron transport chain
absence of oxygen G. FADH2
_____ 6. energy-carrying compound involved in H. glycolysis
stage I and stage II of cellular I. Krebs cycle
respiration J. NADH
_____ 7. stage II of cellular respiration K. pyruvate
_____ 8. glucose splitting to produce pyruvate
_____ 9. involved in stage III of cellular respiration
_____ 10. cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen

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Assessment 2

Direction: Fill up the table to comparing photosynthesis and cellular

respiration.

Basis of Comparison Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

1.Cellular structure
involved
2. Starting materials/
raw materials
3. end/final products
4.Light energy
needed? (yes or no)
5.Pigment involved in
the process

What I Have Learned

Direction: Fill in each blank with the appropriate term. Choose your answer
from the given terms inside the box.

aerobic anaerobic cellular respiration chloroplast

Electron Transport Chain mitochondrion Krebs

glycolysis oxygen pyruvate 32 36

1. The reactions of cellular respiration can be grouped into three stages:

____________, the ____________ cycle, and electron transport.
2. Cellular respiration in the absence of oxygen is called ____________
respiration.
3. The last two stages of cellular respiration occur in the ____________.
4. Most of the ATP is produced in ___________________ of cellular respiration.
5. ____________ is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron
transport chain, when water is formed.
6. During glycolysis, enzymes split a molecule of glucose into two molecules
of ____________.
7. ____________ releases the energy in glucose to make ATP.
8. In all three stages of aerobic respiration, up to ____________ molecules of
ATP may be produced from a single molecule of glucose.

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 WHAT I CAN DO

After understanding how energy is cycled in an ecosystem through

photosynthesis and cellular respiration, it’s time for you to make an act to
solve problems on food production. With the help of your parents or elder
siblings you can do the task. I would like to hear a feedback from you after 2
months.
Task: Using available resources at home, come up with your home
vegetable garden. It may be in pots or plots. Enjoy gardening.

Post Assessment

Part A: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

___ 1. Which of these organelles is the site of cellular respiration?
A. chloroplast B. nucleus C. mitochondria D. ribosomes
___ 2. Which of these is a highly folded structure of a mitochondrion?
A. matrix B. cristae C. outer membrane D. inner membrane
___ 3. Glycolysis uses _____________________________________________.
A. 2 ATPs and makes 2 ATPs, 2 NADHs, and 2 pyruvates.
B. 2 ATPs and makes 4 ATPs, 2 NADHs, and 2 pyruvates.
C. 4 ATPs and makes 2 ATPs, 2 NADHs, and 2 pyruvates.
D. 2 ATPs and makes 4 ATPs, 4 NADHs, and 2 pyruvates.
___4. Cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen is called ______________.
A. anaerobic respiration C. aerobic respiration.
B. oxygen respiration D. glycolysis

___ 5. The correct order of stages of cellular respiration is _________________.

A. glycolysis - the Calvin cycle - electron transport.
B. the light reactions - glycolysis - the Krebs cycle.
C. glycolysis - the Krebs cycle - electron transport.
D. electron transport - glycolysis - the Krebs cycle.

___ 6. Where are the electron transport chains of cellular respiration located?
A. in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
B. in the matrix of the mitochondrion
C. in the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion
D. in the outer membrane of the mitochondrion
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___7. The final electron acceptor at the end of cellular respiration is _________.
A. hydrogen B. oxygen C. water D.ATP synthase

___ 8. The chemical formula of cellular respiration is ______________________.

A. 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
B. C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP
C. CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2.
D. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O.

___ 9. In the presence of oxygen, one glucose molecule has the

energy to make up to _______.
A. 4 ATP B. 12 NADH C. 32 ATP D. 36

___ 10. Which process does not require oxygen to produce energy from food
molecules?
A. oxidative phosphorylation C. aerobic respiration
B. anaerobic respiration D. transpiration

Part B: Put a check mark if the statement is correct, X if it is not.

________11. Just like the chloroplast, the stroma separates the

inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria.
________12. The chloroplast and the mitochondrion are both
double-membraned.
________13. In photosynthesis, oxygen is needed, in cellular
respiration, it is released.
________14. Chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis and
respiration to happen.
________15. Photosynthesis has two stages while cellular
respiration has three.

Note: If you got 12 items correct, you may not do the additional
activity for it means that you mastered the competency
required by this module. You may not answer the
additional activity.

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 Additional Activity

Direction: Study the diagram then answer the guide questions.

Q1. What is the first stage of cellular respiration? What products

are formed in this stage?
Q2. What are the two types of anaerobic cellular respiration?
Q3. What is the starting material for both types of cellular
respiration?
Q4. How does aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration in terms
of the number of ATP molecules are produced?

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 References

Abad M, Albarico J, Andal, F, Casanva M.,Javier M. 2010. Teaching Guide in

Integrative Science Biology. Lipa Citry: United Eferza Academic
Publications, Co.
BBC Co. n.d. Bitesize. Accessed 07 11, 2020.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9pjwx/revisions/5.
BD editors. 2020. Biology dictionary. 05 08. Accessed 07 13, 2020.
https://bilogydictionary.net/mitochondria/.
Bernardo, Ma. Elena & Cruz, Vangie I. 2007. Hands and Minds on Activities
for Biology II. Sta. Ana: ASM Trading.
CNX Open Stax. 2016. Wikimedia.commons. 05 27. Accessed 07 11, 2020.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/commons/5/50/Figure_08
_ 01_05.png.
dela Cruz, Susana. 2002. Biology II. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House
Inc.
Department of Education. 2014. Science 9 Learming Module. Pasig City:
Studio Graphics Corp.

OpenStax CNX. n.d. Lumen Learning. Accessed 07 13, 2020.

https://courses.lumen learning.com/wm-biology I/
chapter/readingelectron-transport-chain/.
OpenStax College. 2013. wikimedia.Commons. 06 19. Accessed 07 13, 2020.
https://www.wikimedia.commons/mitochondria.

n.d. simply science. Accessed 07 10, 2020.

https://simply.science/images/content/biology/cell
biology/photosynthesis/concept map/Dark reaction.gif.

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 Feedback Note

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call

Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BENGUET
Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet

Telefax: 074-422-6570
Email address: Benguet @ deped.gov.ph

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