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Science
Quarter 1- Module 7
(Week 6-7)
Cellular Respiration
Introductory Message
In the previous lesson, you were able to identify different parts of chloroplast
and its role in photosynthesis. Most specially, you were able to explain the process
and realize its importance to sustaining life.
In this module, you will name the structures involved in the process of cellular
respiration and explain its stages. Also, you will describe how cells build and use
ATP and other energy carriers. Before the end of this module, you will recognize the
difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration and their
interconnectedness in sustaining life of organisms.

This module is divided into 2 lessons namely:

Lesson 1 – Cellular Respiration: Stored Energy Converted To Chemical
Energy
Lesson 2 – Let’s Compare: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

• differentiate basic features and importance of photosynthesis and

respiration. (S9LT-lg-j31)

Specifically, the activities in this module will enable you to:

• name the structures involved in the process of cellular respiration;

• explain the steps involved in the steps of cellular respiration;
• describe how cells build and use ATP and other energy carriers;
and
• realize the importance of cellular respiration
To help you understand the lessons you will be doing the following activities:

I. Cellular Respiration
• Find the WORD and be aMAZEd!
• Show me the Metabolic Pathway!
• Fill Me Up
• Answer Me Correctly!
II. Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
• Compare and Contrast
• Where Do I Belong?
• You complete Me!
• Choose Wisely!

ii
 What I Know (Pretest)
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read and answer the questions in the best
way you can. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. How many ATP molecules are needed to split glucose into two?
A. 2 ATP C. 6 ATP
B. 4 ATP D. 8 ATP
2. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related to each other?
A. The products of one process are the reactants of the other.
B. The products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are just
the same.
C. The reactants of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are just
the same.
D. The reactant and product of photosynthesis and cellular
respiration are just the same.
3. Which of the following is true about photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
A. Photosynthesis needs glucose and oxygen to produce carbon
dioxide, water and energy.
B. Autotrophs and heterotrophs do not need each other to be able to
survive.
C. Photosynthesis is just a reverse equation of cellular respiration.
D. Cellular respiration needs carbon dioxide, water and energy to
produce glucose and oxygen.
4. Cellular respiration starts with glycolysis, which occurs in the cytoplasm,
producing 2 pyruvic acid. Which of the following processes will allow cellular
respiration to continue in case oxygen is absent?
A. Krebs Cycle C. Aerobic respiration
B. Electron Transport Chain D. Anaerobic respiration
5. Which of the following materials are cycled out by the chloroplast and
mitochondrion?
A. Carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, and ATP
B. Carbon dioxide, water, sugar and oxygen
C. Sugar, water, oxygen, and ATP
D. Sugar, water, sunlight, and oxygen
6. When cells break down food into chemical energy it undergoes three major
processes, glycolysis, Krebs Cycle and electron transport. Which of these
processes provides the most number of ATP molecules?
A. Glycolysis C. Electron transport
B. Krebs Cycle D. No idea
7. Which of the following equations accurately represents cellular respiration?
A. C6H12O6+6O2⟶6CO2+6H2O +ATP( energy)
B. 6CO2+6H2O +ATP( energy) ⟶ C6H12O6+6O2
C. C6H12O6+O2⟶CO2+H2O +ATP( energy)
D. CO2+H2O +ATP( energy) ⟶ C6H12O6+O2
8. In what part of the cell does glycolysis take place?
A. Mitochondria C. Cytoplasm (cytosol)
B. Nucleus D. Ribosome
9. Which of the following statements is true regarding glycolysis?
A. Glycolysis can occur without the presence of oxygen.
B. Glycolysis takes place in the mitochondria of a cell.
C. Glycolysis is the final step in aerobic respiration.
D. Glycolysis a net of ATP, 1 NADH, and 2 pyruvate
10. How do you call the infoldings of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion?
A. cristae C. ribosome
B. matrix D. vesicles
 Lesson
Cellular Respiration: How stored energy
11 is converted to chemical energy

What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

• name the structures involved in the process of cellular respiration;

• explain the steps involved in the steps of cellular respiration;
• describe how cells build and use ATP and other energy carriers; and
• realize the importance of cellular respiration by writing an acrostic
poem.

What’s In

In order to sustain life, all organisms require energy, but not all of them can use
light energy directly for life activities. To provide the energy needed by all organisms, plants
and other chlorophyll-bearing organisms capture the energy of sunlight and convert it into
chemical energy stored in the food. When people and other heterotrophic organisms eat
food from producers and consumers, chemical energy stored from food is transferred to
their bodies. Do you know how these processes are being done by our body and by other
living organisms?

All heterotrophic organisms including man, depend directly or indirectly on plants

and other photosynthetic organisms for food. Why do we need food? Organisms need food
as the main source of energy. All organisms need energy to perform essential life processes.
The food must be digested to simple forms such as glucose, amino acids, and triglycerides.
These are then transported to the cells. The immediate energy source of the cells is glucose.
Glucose inside the cell is broken down to release the stored energy. This stored energy is
harvested in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is a high-energy molecule
needed by working cells. This is all
carried out in the process called
Cellular respiration.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Look at the chemical
equation below. Can you see any
similarities with the chemical
reaction of photosynthesis?

What’s New
Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into CO2
and H2O producing ATP in the presence of O2. All cells require energy in the form of ATP
and other molecules to perform their functions. Simply, no energy (ATP) no life. The
overall equation for this chemical reaction is as follows:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -------------------> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ~38 ATP

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 Cellular respiration begins with a pathway called glycolysis which literally means
“splitting of sugar”. This happens in the cytosol of the cell where glucose is broken
down into two molecules of pyruvic acid. To start the process, 2 ATP molecules are
needed and high energy electrons are passed to NAD+ forming two molecules of NADPH.
Four ATP molecules are synthesized during this stage resulting to a net gain of 2 ATP.

The Krebs cycle is a series of energy extracting reactions. Pyruvic acid produced
by glycolysis enters mitochondrial matrix where it is broken down into carbon dioxide
and Acetyl-CoA. Acetyl- coA will then combine with a 4-carbon sugar producing citric
acid. In the presence of Oxygen gas (O2), all the hydrogens are stripped off the Acetyl
CoA, two by two, to extract the electrons for making ATP, until there are no hydrogens
left - and all that is left of the sugar is CO2 - a waste product - and H2O. The Krebs cycle
results in the production of only ~4 ATPs, but produces a lot of NADH and FADH2
molecules , which will go on to the next step..

The electron transport chain (ETC) which happens next in the cristae of the
mitochondrion requires high energy electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 from Krebs
cycle to convert ADP to ATP. This time oxygen is now the final electron acceptor and H2O
is a waste product. As electrons are transferred, they passes through the channels in
enzymes known as ATP Synthases. As the ATP synthases spin, a phosphate is added to
ADP, generating ATP.

In summary, 2 net ATP is generated in glycolysis, 4 ATP in Krebs cycle and 32

ATP in ETC producing a total of 38 ATP per glucose molecule.

Let us do the activity below to check your understanding on the process of cellular
respiration.

Activity No. 1: Show me the metabolic pathway.

After reading the discussion above, create a diagram using the information and
the pictures provided below. Use arrows to indicate connections. Draw your diagram on
another sheet of long bond paper.

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 What is it

Activity No. 2: Find the WORD and be aMAZEd!

Direction: Behind each maze is a word that provides answer to the given definition.
Your task is to find that word by finishing the maze. Start finding the word now and be
amazed! Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
Example
is a metabolic pathway that breaks down
glucose and produces ATP in the presence of
oxygen.

__________________________ __________________________
It is the second stage of cellular respiration It is the first metabolic stage of cell
that happens within the mitochondrial matrix. respiration which takes place in the cytosol
of a cell.

________________________ ________________________
A cell organelle where
__ the process of cellular respiration __
It is a 3-carbon molecule produced
takes place. It is also known as the powerhouse of the cell.
from the breakdown of glucose in the
process of glycolysis.

__________________ __________________
It is the final electron acceptor in the It is one of the by-products of cellular
electron transport chain. respiration.

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 __________________________ __________________________
It is the total number of ATP molecules A gas waste product of cellular respiration but
produced per oxidized glucose molecule a raw material needed in photosynthesis.
during cellular respiration

It is an energy carrying molecule found

in the cells of all living things. It is also The last metabolic stage of cellular
the end product of cellular respiration. respiration where most number of
ATP molecules are produced.

What’s More
Cellular respiration can occur both aerobically (using oxygen), or anaerobically
(without oxygen). During aerobic cellular respiration, glucose reacts with oxygen, forming
ATP that can be used by the cell. Carbon dioxide and water are created as byproducts.

The overall equation for aerobic cellular respiration is:

In cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen react to form ATP. Water and carbon dioxide
are released as byproducts.

The three stages of aerobic cellular respiration are glycolysis (an anaerobic process), the
Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation or electron transport chain.

Study the illustration summarizing the process of aerobic cellular respiration below.

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 Image originally created by the author using canva.com

Activity No. 3: Fill Me Up!

1. Fill the table below using the information from the diagram above.

Stages Location in the cell No. of ATP produced

Anaerobic Process: Fermentation

Some organisms are able to continually convert energy without the presence of
oxygen. They undergo glycolysis, followed by the anaerobic process of fermentation to
make ATP. Anaerobic respiration is a type of respiration where oxygen is not used; instead,
organic or inorganic molecules are used as final electron acceptors.
• Certain prokaryotes, including some species of bacteria and archaea, use
anaerobic respiration. For example, the group of archaea called methanogens
reduces carbon dioxide to methane to oxidize NADH. These microorganisms are
found in soil and in the digestive tracts of ruminants, such as cows and sheep.
Similarly, sulfate-reducing bacteria and archaea, most of which are anaerobic,
reduce sulfate to hydrogen sulfide to regenerate NAD+ from NADH.
• Eukaryotes can also undergo anaerobic respiration. Some examples include lactic
acid fermentation in mammals and alcohol fermentation in yeast.
• Muscle cells can continue to produce ATP when oxygen runs low using lactic acid
fermentation. However, this often results in muscle fatigue and pain.
• Many yeast use alcoholic fermentation to produce ethanol. For this reason,
humans have domesticated yeast to use for many commercial purposes including
baking as well as beer and wine production.

2. Check your understanding

1. What are the two types of anaerobic respiration?
2. What is needed in the process of aerobic but not in anaerobic cellular respiration?
3. What type of organisms use anaerobic respiration?

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 4. How do you call the organisms that reduce carbon dioxide to methane to oxidize
NADH?
5. What is the result when muscles undergo lactic acid fermentation?

What I Have Learned

Activity No.4: Answer Me Correctly!

Directions: Answer the following questions below.

1. Cellular respiration begins with a pathway called _____________________________
2. Is the following sentence true or false? Glycolysis releases a great amount of energy.
T/F
3. What is cellular respiration?
4. What is the equation for cellular respiration, using chemical formulas?
5. Label the three main stages of cellular respiration on the illustration of the complete
process.

Image was created by the author using canva.com

6. Where does glycolysis take place?

7. Where do the Krebs cycle and electron transport take place?
8. Because fermentation does not require oxygen, it is said to be ________________.
9. What are the two main types of fermentation?
10. What is the total number of ATP molecules formed during cellular respiration?

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 Lesson
Comparison of
Photosynthesis and
2 Respiration

In the previous module, you studied that photosynthesis is the process by which
green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy,
while respiration is the process involves using the sugars produced during photosynthesis
plus oxygen to produce energy for plant growth.

What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
• compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration; and
• understand photosynthesis and respiration as a continuous one- way
flow of energy in the ecosystem.

What’s In
In this lesson, you will learn the difference between
photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and
water into oxygen and glucose. Glucose is used as food by the plant and oxygen is a by-
product. Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide.
Water and carbon dioxide are by- products and ATP is energy that is transformed from the
process.

What’s New
Activity no. 1 :
COMPARE AND CONTRAST

Directions: Compare and

contrast photosynthesis and
cellular respiration using the
diagram accordingly. Use a
separate sheet of paper for your
answer.

What Is It
Plants make sugar by
using energy from sunlight to
transform carbon dioxide (CO2),
a gas absorbed from the air, and
water (H20) taken from the
ground by roots into glucose
(C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2). This
process is called photosynthesis
and occurs in the chloroplast of
the plant cell. Plants take in
carbon dioxide through tiny

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openings or pores in their leaves called stomata. Special cells in the leaves of plants called
guard cells open and close the stomata. Cellular respiration is a process that occurs in
the mitochondria of all organisms. In this process, both plants and animals break down
simple sugars into carbon dioxide and water and release energy in the form of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP). The ATP is used for all the processes that occur within a cell that
need energy.

Summary of the comparison of photosynthesis and respiration

Basis of Comparison Photosynthesis Respiration

1. Cell structure involved Chloroplast Mitochondrion
2. Starting materials/raw Carbon dioxide and water Sugar/glucose and oxygen
materials

3. End product Sugar and oxygen Carbon dioxide and water

4. Energy requirement Sunlight/light energy ATP

What’s More
Study the diagram below. Then do the activity that follows.

Image created using canva.com

Activity No. 2: Where do I Belong?

Directions: Use a Venn diagram to show the difference and similarities of photosynthesis
and cellular respiration.

Photosynthesis Similarities Cellular Respiration

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 What I Have Learned

Activity No. 3: You Complete Me!

Directions: Complete the equation by writing the missing part.
Photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide + 1 glucose + 2

Cellular Respiration

3 + oxygen 4 + water + 5

What I Can Do
Activity No. 4: Choose Wisely!
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Where do respiration and cellular respiration take place?
A. Respiration and photosynthesis both occur in plants
B. Respiration and photosynthesis both occur in animals
C. Respiration occurs in chloroplast and photosynthesis occurs in
mitochondria
D. Respiration occurs in mitochondria and photosynthesis occurs in
chloroplast
2. What is the final output of photosynthesis?
A. water B. oxygen C. glucose D. sunlight
3. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related to each other?
A. The product of one process are the reactants of the other.
B. The products of photosynthesis are just the same
C. The reactants of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are just the same
D. The reactants are the product of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are
just the same
4. Which of these molecules completes the process of cellular respiration?
glucose + oxygen ----> water + _________ + _______

A. ATP, carbon dioxide C. NADH, oxygen

B. ADP, oxygen D. oxygen, ADP
5. Photosynthesis occurs in what organelle of plants and algae?
A. plasma membrane C. lysosome
B. mitochondrion D. chloroplast

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 Assessment: (Posttest)
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read and answer the questions in the best way you can.
Write the letter of your answer a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is the products of the Krebs cycle?
A. ATP C. FADH
B. NADH D. all of these

2. How many ATP molecules are used during the initial steps of glycolysis?
A. 0 C. 2
B. 1 D. 3.0
3. Which of the following processes produces the most ATP?
A. glycolysis C. fermentation
B. oxidative phosphorylation D. Kreb cycle
4. Which of the following events does not take place in the mitochondria?
A. Glycolysis B. The citric and cycle
B. The electron transport chain C. Oxidative phosphorylation
5. How many molecules of FADH2 are generated during the citric acid cycle?
A. 1 C. 3
B. 2 D. 4
6. Which of the following metabolic processes generates the most ATP?
A. The electron transport chain C. Glycolysis
B. Oxidative phosphorylation D. The citric acid cycle
7. How many molecules of carbon dioxide are produced from one glucose molecule
completely
degraded to water and carbon dioxide?
A. 2 C. 4
B. 3 D. 6
8. Which of the following is the entry point of proteins into cellular respiration?
A. acetyl CoA C. pyruvic acid
B. oxaloacetic acid D. all of them
9. The carbon dioxide released during cellular respiration is produced during
A. Glycolysis C. Pyruvic acid oxidation
B. Kreb’s Cycle D. b and c
10. How many molecules of ATP are produced during glycolysis (the net gain of ATP
molecules)?
A. 2 B. 12
B. 4 D. 24

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 11
What I have Learned
What I can do What’s more
Lesson 2
1. Glycolysis
2. False
3. Cellular respiration converts oxygen and
glucose into water and carbon dioxide.
Water and carbon dioxide are by- products Activity No. 3 Fill me up!
and ATP is energy that is transformed from What’s more
the process.
4.
5. Glycolysis, krebs cycle, ETC
6. Cytoplasm
7. Mitochondria
8. Anaerobic
9. Alcohol fermentation, Lactic Acid
Fermentation
10. 36-38 ATP
Activity No. 4 Answer me correctly!
What Have I learned
Activity No. 2 : Find the word and Be Amazed!
What is it
Pathway
me the Metabolic
Activity No. 1 Show
new
What’s
Lesson 1
Key to Answers
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Deped LRMDS
Science - Grade 9 Teacher’s Guide (FEP Printing Corporation, 2014),
Science - Grade 9 Learner’s Module (FEP Printing Corporation, 2014
https://www.sparknotes.com/biology/cellrespiration/review/quiz/
https://www.biologycorner.com/quiz/qz_respiration.html
https://cnx.org/contents/GFy_h8cu@11.10:jmCYmYol@7/Metabolism-without-Oxygen
_Cellular_Respiration/7.5%3A_Metabolism_without_Oxygen/7.5A%3A_Anaerobic_Cellular_Respiration
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/7%3A
Department of Education
Liza A. Alvarez, et.al,. First Edition 2014. Science 9 Learner’s Module.DepEd Complex,Meralco avenue Pasig City.
References:
CELLULAR RESPIRATION PHOTOSYNTHESIS
They both produce energy
but in different forms.
Life depends on these
processes for survival.
Main Purpose: Main Purpose:
Breaks down glucose molecule Uses sunlight, water and
to produce energy in the form carbon dioxide to produce
of ATP, water and CO2 glucose and oxygen
• Glycolysis Stages : Stages:
• Krebs cycle
• Light dependent
• Electron tansport chain
Reaction
• Dark reaction ( calvin
Location of each stage: Glycolysis- Location of each stage:
cytosol of the cell (cytoplasm)
Krebs cycle- mitochichondria Light dependent Reaction- thylakoid in
Electron tansport chain- cristae of the choloroplast of a plant cell
mitochondria
Dark reaction ( calvin cycle)- stroma in
Reactant/Raw materials: Reactants/ Raw materials
• Carbon dioxide
• Glucose (sugar) • Water
• Oxygen • Sunlight
End Products: End Products:
• Glucose
• ATP (energy)
• Oxygen
• Carbon Dioxide
• Water
Waste products: Waste products:
• Carbon Dioxide • Oxygen
• Water
Chemical Equation: Chemical Equation:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -------> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2
~38 ATP Sunlight energy
Activity No. 1: Compare and Contrast
Name: _________________________________ Date: __________
Grade & Section: ___________ Score: _________

Worksheet No. 7

SCIENCE 9 QUARTER 1 MODULE 7

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY:
Differentiate basic features and importance of photosynthesis and respiration.
(S9LT-lg-j31)
MAKE IT A FACT!
Instructions: Make the statements true by completing it with the correct words/ phrase.
Choose your answer from the word box below.

oxygen Krebs cycle electron transport chain (ETC)

Four Cellular respiration Pyruvic acid
glycolysis ATP Synthases lactic acid fermentation
ATP citric acid mitochondrial matrix
cytosol NADPH 38 ATP per glucose molecule
byproducts methanogens aerobic cellular respiration
4 ATPs Anaerobic respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ~38 ATP

1. __________________________is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into

CO2 and H2O producing ATP in the presence of O2.
2. All cells require energy in the form of ______and other molecules to perform their
functions.
3. The overall equation for this chemical reaction is _________________________
4. Cellular respiration begins with a pathway called ____________which literally means
“splitting of sugar”.
5. This happens in the __________of the cell where glucose is broken down into two
molecules of pyruvic acid.
6. To start the process, 2 ATP molecules are needed and high energy electrons are
passed to NAD+ forming two molecules of _______.
7. _________ATP molecules are synthesized during this stage resulting to a net gain of
2 ATP.]
8. The _____________is a series of energy extracting reactions.
9. _____________produced by glycolysis enters _______________________where it is
broken down into carbon dioxide and Acetyl-CoA.
10. Acetyl- coA will then combine with a 4-carbon sugar producing_____________.
11. The Krebs cycle results in the production of only _________.
12. The _______________________which happens next in the cristae of the mitochondrion
requires high energy electrons carried by NADH and FADH 2 from Krebs cycle to
convert ADP to ATP.
13. This time ________is now the final electron acceptor and H2O is a waste product.
14. As electrons are transferred, they pass through the channels in enzymes known
as____________.
15. In summary, 2 net ATP is generated in glycolysis, 4 ATP in Krebs cycle and 32 ATP
in ETC producing a total of_________________.
16. During ____________________, glucose reacts with oxygen, forming ATP that can be
used by the cell.
17. Carbon dioxide and water are created as__________.
18. _________________is a type of respiration where oxygen is not used; instead, organic
or inorganic molecules are used as final electron acceptors.

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19. For example, the group of archaea called _______________reduces carbon dioxide to
methane to oxidize NADH.
20. Eukaryotes can also undergo anaerobic respiration. Some examples include
_______________________ in mammals and alcohol fermentation in yeast.

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