Scribd
Upload
10 views6 pages

Dual Nature of Radiation

Uploaded by

radiantutube
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views6 pages

Dual Nature of Radiation

Uploaded by

radiantutube
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Dual nature of radiation:

Work function: The minimum energy required by an electron to just


escape from the metal surface is called work function

 It depends on nature of the metal and condition of the surface


 W0 denoted by phai
 Measured in electron volt.

ELECTRON EMISSION: The phenomenon of emission of electron from a


metal surface is called emission of electron.

PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT:

When light of suitable frequency illuminates a metal surface electrons


are emitted from a metal surface this phenomenon is called
Photoelectric effect.

Hertz observation: when light struck a metal surface such as a plate,


some electrons near the surface of the metal absorbed the energy of light
and overcame the attraction of the positive ions to the material.

Lenards Obsevation: with the increase in the frequency of radiation used


there is an increase in the kinetic energy of electrons emitted too.

THRESHOLD FREQUENCY: The minimum frequency to emit


photoelectrons of a metal surface.

Photoelectrons: The phenomenon of emission of electrons from a


metal surface when em radiation of sufficient frequency is incident on
it called photoelectric effect. The phto generated electrons is called
photoelectrons.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT:

1. Effect of intensity if light: The number of photoelectrons emitted


per second is directly proportional to the intensity of incident
radiation.

2. Effect of potential: The photoelectric current increase with


increase in accelerating potential until it reach when the
photoelectric current becomes maximum and does not increase
further with increase in accelerating potential.
This maximum value of photoelectric current is called saturation
current.
The value of the retarding potential at which the photoelectric
current becomes zero is called stopping potential or cut off.
For a given value of frequency of incident radiation the stopping
potential is independent of the intensity.

Kmax= ½ mv^2= eVo

3.Effect of frequency of incident radiation on stopping potential:

The stopping potential increases linearly with the frequency of incident


radiation.

There exist a cut off frequency for which the stopping potential is 0.

Threshold frequency are different for two metals.

K.E IS PROPORTIONAL TO FREQUENCY OF THE INCIDENT RADIATION


BUT NOT THE INTENSITY. NO photoelectric emission below threshold
frequency. Emission time is 10^-9 sec
EINSTEINS THORY OF PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT:

1. Photoelectric emission is the result of interaction of two particles


one photon and electron.
2. The minimum value required to liberate the electron is called
work function.
3. The energy hv of photon is used up in two parts:
 Work function
 Kinetic energy of the ejected electron
4. Kmax=1/2mv^2max=hv-wo
5. The intensity increase only the number of incident photons not
their energy. Hence ke is independent of the intensity.

FEATURES OF THE PHOTON PICTURE OF EM RADIATION:


 Radiation behaves as if it is made of particles called photons
 Each photon has energy E=hv, Momentum p=hv/c=h/lemda,
speed c in vacum
 All photons of light of a particular frequency have same energy
and momentum and independent of the intensity of light
 Photons are electrically neutral and not deflected by magnetic or
electric field
 Energy is conserved but not the photons
 Photon cannot exist at rest
DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION
dual nature of electromagnetic radiation suggests that the light have both wave
nature and particle nature. Wave nature of radiation are the X Rays, UV rays.
Particle nature of electromagnetic waves are microwaves, radio waves.

DE BROGLIE WAVES

The waves associated with material particles in motion are called de Broglie
waves and their wavelength is called de Broglie wavelength.
1. Wavelength is inversely proportional to momentum
2. Waves only when particles are in motion
3. A particle need to have charge

4.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy