Post- Independence Era

J&K on the path of Modernization

Multiple Choice Type Questions

1. First Phase of Post-Independence Era from 1947 to 1965
2. Second Phase from 1965 to 1982
3. Third Phase From 5th August 2019
4. Instrument of accession was signed on October 26th 1947
5. After the accession of Jammu & Kashmir to the dominion of India,
Maharaja Hari Singh, under the direction of Prime Minster Jawaharlal
Nehru, appointed Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah as the head of the
Emergency Administration on October 30th 1947.
6. On 5th March, 1948, Sheikh Abdullah was appointed as the prime
Minster of J&K with the council of ministers.
7. In June 1949, Maharaja Hari Singh abdicated powers in favour of son
Yuraj Karan Sing
8. He left for Bombay and never returned till his death in 1961.
9. Karan Singh became the first Sadre-i-Riyasat of the state in 1952.
10. In 1952, Dogra’s hereditary position was abolished completely and
replaced by constitutional head known as Sadre-i- Riyasat. Sadre-i-
Riyasat was elected by constitutional Assembly for 5 Years.
11. Naya Kashmir Manifesto was given on 29th September 1944 in Spore
Worker’s union by BPL Bedi.
12. Its aim was to plan for economic, Social, Political and Cultural
Reconstruction of region.
13. In 1948, the new Govt abolished Jagir, Muafiz and Mukararies
(Except those granted to religious place and orchards).
14. To protect the interests of the tenants, the Tenancy Amendment Act
of 1948 was passed which guaranteed their fixity of the tenure and
maximum rent to be paid to landlord.
15. To relive the tenants from indebtness, Distressed Debtors Relief Act
of 1950 was passed.
16. Sheikh Abdullah Passed Big landed Estates Abolition Act 1950.
17. By this act, landlordism was abolished by transferring land to Tiller
without giving any compensation to land owners.
18. Under the Distressed Debtor’s Relief Act of 1950, Debts of peasants
amounting to Rs, 290 lacs were settled and reduced to Rs, 98 lacs only
and 60% of claims against peasants were disposed off.
19. Ranbir Canal, Martand Canal, Pratap Canal etc were in use since
Maharaja’s time.
20. Department of irrigation was established, Cooperatives and Modern
education was given priority.
21. About 35% of annual budget was allocated for expansion of
education.
22. In 1948, a textbook Advisory Board was constituted to prepare new
text books for meeting the contemporary challenges.
23. Sheikh Abdullah was arrested in 1953 and was imprisoned.
24. The Bakshi Ghulam Muhammad became Second Prime Ministers of
J&K in 1953
25. Bakshi also viewed Economic Development as an important tool for
welfare of people of J&K.
26. Construction of Banihal Tunnel was designed by German engineers’
in1960.
27. To boost the tourism and film industry in the region, Bakshi Govt
started Kashmir Chalo Campaign.
28. In 1955,GM Sadiq,The Then Education Minster drafted the Education
Policy
29. Mobile Schools were set up for tribal people
30. Cultural Front Organization established in 1944 was revitalized and
helped in development of syncretic cultural ethos.
31. But in 1949, it was renamed as Cultural Congress and published
literally journal Kong Posh.
32. Kong Posh’s writers were Dina Nath Nadim, S.N. Zutshi, Noor Mohd
Roshan, Amin Kamil and Rehman Rahi.
33. Dogri Sanstha was also established in Jammu Region in 1944
34. Its members were Prof. Ramnath Shastri, Dinoo Bhat Pant, Ram
Rattan Sharma and others.
35. Two important publication of Dogri Sanstha, Jago Duggar (Wake up
the Duggar land) in 1950 and Nami Chetna (New awakening)in 1953
promoted Dogri Literature, art and culture.
36. In 1956,J&K hosted the first ever festival of Jashn-i-Kashmir
37. Jammu & Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Language was
established in 1958 with branches both in Jammu & Kashmir region.
38. It also developed ties with Sahitya Academi, New Delhi.
39. During the time of Bakshi Ghulam Muhammad, two important
programs were started; I) Community Development Program (CDP). II)
Intensive Agricultural Development Program (IADP).
40. Dina Nath Nadim was a prominent Kashmiri poet of 20th century who
introduced the trend of staging operas in Kashmiri language.
41. The Most celebrated poem in the form of an opera is Bomber Te
Yemberzal. Which was a satire on misrule in Kashmir?
42. Prof. Ram Nath Shastri popularly known as Father of Dogri was a
popular writer, critic, poet & short story writer.
43. He got Sahitya Academi Award in1976 for his book Badnami Di
Chann, a collection of short stories in Dogri.
44. He also got Padmashri for his contribution to Dogri culture &
literature.
45. Rehman Rahi’s popular poem was Maefi Nama was a satire on govt
policies in J&K.
46. Dinu Bhai Pant laid the foundation of Modern Dogri poetry and his
outstanding Guntlu,”Shair Pehlo Pehel gey” proved an instant hit in
1944.
47. It 1985, he won the prestigious Sahitya Academi Award in Dogri for
his work Ayodhya.
48. Some of his other works are Mangu De Chhabeel- a collection of
Dogri poems and Sarpanch –a tragic drama.
49. In 1963 Ghulam Mohammad Bakhshi was made to resign from his
post under Kamraj Plan.
50. The GM Sadiq became the 3rd Prime Minster of J&K n December 28th
February 1964.
51. In 1965,GM Sadiq changed nomenclature (a constitutional
Amendmnet ) from PM to CM and Sadre- Riyasat to Governor.
52. Dr. Karan Singh became the first Governor of J&K.
53. During his tenure Article 356 & 357 of Indian Constitution were
applied in J&K.
54. First CM of J&K GM Sadiq.
55. The Intensive Agriculture Development Programme (IADP) was
launched in 1961-62 in the state and extended in GM Sadiq’s reign.
56. Kamraj Plan was apolitical plan formulated in1963 by K. Kamraj,
senior leaders of INC from, Tamil Naidu.
57. Gradually, Sheikh Abdullah’s unrealistic and unproductive political
stance of self-determination and autonomous status began to fade and
 was formally ended on November 13, 1994 with what came to be known
as Indira Sheikh Accord.
58. Following the accord, Sheikh Abdullah took office as the Chief
Minister of the state on February 25th 1975 and remained in power till
his death in 1982.
59. After his death, his son Farooq Abdullah formed the new government
and took charge as CM in1983 followed by GM Shah in1984.
60. However GM Shah’s govt was dismissed and J&K was placed under
Presidential rule from March6th to November 7th,1986
61. Elections were held again in March 1987 under Farooq-Rajeev
accord and National Conference came into power.
62. The growing menace of terrorism in J&K led to the mass exodus of
Kashmiri Pandith and Presidential rule was once again imposed in J& K
from 1990 to 1996.
63. During the period of turmoil,Mr Jagmohan was appointed as the
Governor of J&K.
64. Presidential rule under Article 356.
65. On 5th August 2019 parliament of India amended Article 370 and
abrogated Article 35A under J&K Re-organization Act, 2019.
66. The introduction of J&K Reservation Bill 2019 will extend reservation
for EWS (Economically Weaker Section).
67. Reservation was given to the communities of West Pakistan
refugees, Valmikis and Gorkhas who were deprived of equal rights for
over 70 years.
68. Right to information bill was passed by parliament of India on 15th
June 2005 and came into force with effect from 12th October 2005.
69. Right to Education Act was enacted on 4Th August 2009 and came
into effect on First April 2010 (Compulsory Education between 6 to 14
years)
70. The POSCO (Protection of Children from Sexual Offences) Act came
into force on 14th November 2012.
71. 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment was passed by the
parliament in December 1992. It gave a three tier Panchayat raj
System.
 Additional Question of Political parties (Important Questions)
Question: Why did Political leaders differ sharply over the question of separate electorates?

Ans: Political leaders differed sharply over the question of separate electorates because of differences in
opinion. While those supporting the cause of minorities and the Dalit’s believed that only political
empowerment would resolve their social backwardness others like Gandhi ji thought that separate electorates
would further slowdown the process of their integration into society. Also it was feared that the system of
separate electorates would gradually divide the country into numerous fragments because every community
or class would then ask for separate representations.

Correct Answered Objective (Please make necessary correction in your notes chapter
Political parties)
Q. What is the guiding philosophy of the Bharatiya Janata Party?
A. Bahujan Samaj
B. Revolutionary democracy
C. Integral humanism
D. Modernity
Ans: B. Integral Humanism