CRQs

1. What is the primary purpose of Computer Assisted Translation (CAT) software?

Answer: To help translators translate verbal and written words into another language efficiently.

2. How does CAT software enhance translators' efficiency?

Answer: It divides text into segments and suggests saved translations for similar texts.

3. How is CAT different from online translation tools like Google Translate?

Answer: CAT involves human assistance and saves translations, while Google Translate relies on
machines.

4. Give an example of an Open Source software operating system.

Answer: Linux.

5. What is the goal of Robotics?

Answer: To design machines that can assist and help humans in various tasks.

6. What is a robot's ability in terms of tasks?

Answer: A robot can perform tasks independently without human assistance.

7. Name two ways robots interact with the physical world.

Answer: Robots use sensors and actuators to interact with the physical world.

8. What does it mean when a robot is "programmable"?

Answer: Robots can be given instructions or commands to perform specific actions or tasks.

9. What do humanoid robots imitate in terms of behavior and appearance?

Answer: Human behavior and sometimes human-like appearance.

10. Provide examples of activities that humanoid robots can perform.

Answer: Running, jumping, carrying objects, and other human-like actions.

11. What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

Answer: A branch of computer science creating intelligent systems that can think and learn.

12. Define the ability of a machine in AI.

Answer: To think, learn, and perform tasks without explicit programming.

13. How do machines learn in AI?

Answer: Machines learn from experience and can perform tasks similar to humans.
14. Name an advantage of using AI.

Answer: AI reduces human error, making systems more reliable and efficient.

15. What does a self-driving car use artificial intelligence for?

Answer: To learn how humans drive and perform tasks without human intervention.

16. How do self-driving cars use past data?

Answer: They use past data to learn and imitate human driving behavior.

17. Define 3D printing.

Answer: The process of creating solid objects from a digital file using additive layering.

18. How is a 3D printed object created?

Answer: By adding successive layers of material based on a digital design file.

19. What is the primary advantage of self-driving cars and 3D printing?

Answer: Automation and efficient creation of objects with minimal human intervention.

20. What is virtual reality (VR)?

Answer: A computer-generated artificial environment that appears real and is experienced through
sight and sound.

21. How is virtual reality primarily experienced on a computer?

Answer: Through the senses of sight and sound, often using VR headsets or goggles.

22. Describe the simplest form of virtual reality.

Answer: A 3D image explored interactively on a computer, with direction and zoom controls.

24. What are some more advanced methods of experiencing virtual reality?

Answer: Wrap-around display screens, augmented rooms with wearable computers, and haptics
devices.

25. How does virtual reality aim to make users feel?

Answer: To suspend belief and accept the computer-generated environment as real.

26. What is Augmented Reality (AR)?

Answer: Combining computer-generated images with the real world to create an artificial
environment.

27. How does AR superimpose computer-generated images?

Answer: It overlays images or animations onto the real-world environment.

28. What does Augmented Reality blend together?

Answer: The digital world and physical elements.

29. Name an example of Augmented Reality apps.

Answer: Poke mongo, Google Sky Map, Layer, Locator, Across Air, Spot Crime, etc.

30. How is AR experienced by users?

Answer: By viewing computer-generated elements integrated into the real world through devices like
smartphones.

31. What is a 3D hologram?

Answer: A three-dimensional image created using photographic projection, standing freely without
special glasses.

32. How does 3D holography differ from conventional photography and film?

Answer: It introduces three-dimensionality and uses multiple light rays for new possibilities.

33. What is a key advantage of 3D holograms in product presentation?

Answer: They can display products and objects three-dimensionally without restrictions.

34. How do 3D holograms create the illusion of floating objects?

Answer: They enable seemingly real objects or animations to appear freely in space.

35. What is the visual requirement for viewing a 3D hologram?

Answer: Special glasses are not needed; it can be viewed without any additional aids.

36. What are ports in a computer?

Answer: Connection points between a computer and external devices for data transfer.

37. How do internal ports differ from external ports?

Answer: Internal ports connect to motherboard, external ports connect to external devices.

38. What is the purpose of a USB port?

Answer: Transfers digital data over USB cables between devices.

39. What does HDMI stand for and what does it do?

Answer: High Definition Multimedia Interface transmits high-quality audio and video between devices.

40. What is the role of a PCIe slot?

Answer: It's an expansion slot connecting peripheral components to the motherboard in a PC.
41. What are peripheral devices in a computer system?

Answer: Devices connecting to the core unit via I/O interfaces, like input, output, and storage.

42. Provide examples of input peripherals.

Answer: Keyboard, mouse, webcam, scanner.

43. How do peripheral devices assist in computing tasks?

Answer: They input data for storage/processing and output processed data to humans/machines.

44. Name a type of peripheral device used for visual processing.

Answer: Graphic cards.

45. How do peripheral devices connect to the core computing unit?

Answer: Through various input/output (I/O) interfaces.

 UNIT 4 THE INTERNET POST OFFICE
ERQs

1. What is an ISP?

Answer: An ISP, or Internet Service Provider, offers Internet services for a fee.

2. Define a modem.

Answer: A modem is a device to connect computers through wired or wireless telephone connections.

3. What does HTML stand for?

Answer: HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.

4. How does a web browser work?

Answer: A web browser reads and converts HTML documents for display on a computer screen.

5. What is the role of a web page?

Answer: A web page is an HTML document displayed by web browsers on the Internet.

6. What is a website?

- Answer: A collection of related web pages containing various types of content.

7. Define the World Wide Web (WWW).

- Answer: The global collection of publicly accessible web pages stored on Internet-connected
computers.

8. What is the purpose of a home page on a website?

- Answer: The main page of a website with links to other pages, automatically opening when visited.

9. What does URL stand for and what does it identify?

- Answer: URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, identifying a unique address for a file on the web.

10. Explain number addressing and letter addressing in Internet addressing.

- Answer: Number addressing uses numeric IP addresses like 192.12.148.73, while letter addressing
(DNS) uses domain names like oup.com.pk.

11. What can be included in an email message besides text?

- Answer: Pictures and sound.

12. Name two common email service providers.

- Answer: Gmail and Outlook.

13. What is a domain name in an email address?

- Answer: Internet designation for the email host, such as ".com" or ".org."

14. Why might a new user be asked to choose a different username?

- Answer: The chosen username is already taken.

15. What does "pk" represent in the context of email extensions?

- Answer: A country code (e.g., for Pakistan).

16. What is an email protocol?

- An email protocol is a set of rules that ensure standardized email exchange.

17. Why are email protocols important?

- They define encoding, sending, receiving, and rendering of emails for universal communication.

18. How do email protocols enable communication?

- They allow sending and receiving emails across different clients, servers, senders, and recipients.

19. Name two common email protocols.

- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and POP (Post Office Protocol).

20. What is the purpose of email protocols like SMTP and POP?

- SMTP is for sending emails, while POP is for retrieving emails from a server.

21. What does POP stand for in email communication?

Answer: Post Office Protocol

22. How does the IMAP Protocol differ from the POP Protocol?

Answer: IMAP allows two-way sync between the server and email client, while POP is one-way.

23. What is the role of SMTP Protocol in email communication?

Answer: It transfers emails between email clients and servers.

24. Which email protocol is used for syncing emails between the server and clients?

Answer: IMAP Protocol

25. Which email provider supports IMAP and SMTP standards but not POP?

Answer: iCloud Mail

26. What is email authentication aimed at preventing?

- Answer: Messages from being faked or forged.

27. How does 2-Step authentication enhance security?

- Answer: It adds an extra layer of protection by requiring additional authentication beyond the
password.

28. What is the second step in 2-Step authentication?

- Answer: Entering a code sent to your mobile phone or email.

29. What advantage does email have over traditional post?

- Answer: Email is quicker and can reach any part of the world in seconds.

30. How does entering the correct code in 2-Step authentication allow access to email?

- Answer: It verifies the user and grants access to the email account.

31. What determines the unique email address for users in a multi-user environment?

Answer: Username and computer's domain name.

32. How is the cost of sending and receiving email messages different from the postal service?

Answer: No charge for email messages, unlike postal service which may charge by weight.

33. How are email messages stored for recipients who are not at their computers?

Answer: Safely in their email accounts.

34. What are the two parts that make up an email address?

Answer: User's login name and computer's address (domain name).

35. How is the user's login name separated from the computer's domain name in an email address?

Answer: By @ symbol.

36. What is the purpose of the "Inbox" in an email account?

Answer: To store incoming email messages, highlighting unread ones.

37. How does the new Gmail inbox organize emails?

Answer: It categorizes emails into tabs like Primary, Social, Promotions, Updates, and Forums.

38. What does the "Draft" folder in an email account store?

Answer: Messages that have been started but not yet sent.

39. Where are the messages you have already sent stored?

Answer: In the "Sent Mail" folder.

40. What is the function of the "Compose" command in email?

Answer: It allows you to create a new email message.

41: How can you permanently remove unwanted messages from your email account?

Answer: Delete command allows you to remove unwanted messages.

42: How can you obtain a physical copy of an email message?

Answer: You can print an email by using Ctrl+P or clicking on the "Print" option.

43: How can you attach and send files along with an email?

Answer: You can attach files like Word, Excel, or JPEG by selecting the "Attachment" option while
composing a message.

44: What is the first step to create an email account using Gmail as an example?

Answer: Connect to the Internet and open a web browser.

45: What do you need to do after reaching the Google home page to create a new Gmail account?

Answer: Click on "Create an Account" to initiate the account creation process.

46: Why is it important to have the right tone in emails?

Answer: To communicate the intended message effectively and accurately.

47: What should you avoid when writing an email?

Answer: Writing when angry or in a hurry to prevent miscommunication and confusion.

48. How can you use your email to sign in to another website?

Answer: Enter email in designated field, enter password, click "Sign In" button.

49 What is Single Sign on (SSO)?

Answer: Signing in to multiple services with one email and password.

50. Why is using SSO beneficial for users?

Answer: It eliminates the need to remember multiple usernames and passwords for different services.

51. Why should you be careful when opening emails from unknown senders?

Answer: To avoid potential risks or threats.

52. Why is it advised not to open emails promising lottery tickets?

Answer: Such emails may be unsafe or deceptive.

53. How can you enhance email security regarding attachments or links?

Answer: Be cautious, as they might pose threats to your data and computer.

54: What is the purpose of the "Cc" field in an email?

Answer: The "Cc" field is used to send a copy of the email to additional recipients.
55: How is the "Bcc" field different from the "Cc" field in email composition?

Answer: The "Bcc" field allows you to send the same message to multiple recipients without others
knowing.

56: What is the role of the Text Formatting icon in the compose window of an email?

Answer: The Text Formatting icon is used to apply formatting features such as font, size, bold, italics,
etc.

57: How can you attach a file to an email message?

Answer: Click or tap on the "Attach" button (paperclip icon) and browse your device's file system to
select the file.

58: What happens when you click the "Send" button in the compose window?

Answer: The email is sent to the recipient(s), and a copy is stored in the Sent Mail folder.

59: What is an email signature?

Answer: An email signature is text, such as contact information, automatically added at the end of
messages.

60: How can you access the settings to create an email signature in Gmail?

Answer: Click the Settings icon at the top-right corner and choose "Settings" from the drop-down menu.

Question 3: How is a signature separated from the rest of the message in Gmail?

Answer: Signatures are separated by two hash signs (##) from the rest of the message.

61: What options are available for formatting the text in your email signature?

Answer: Formatting buttons for text are available to format the text in the signature.

62: Why is it important to properly sign out of your email account, especially on a shared computer?

Answer: Properly signing out prevents others from misusing your account on a shared or public
computer.

63: What is the most common source for retrieving information?

Answer: The Internet is the most common source for retrieving information.

64: What is the process of searching for information on the Internet often referred to as?

Answer: Searching for information on the Internet is commonly referred to as "surfing."

65: What is a search engine, and what does it do?

Answer: A search engine is a program that searches the web for specified keywords and returns a list of
web pages containing those keywords.
66: Give an example of a popular search engine.

Answer: A popular search engine is www.google.com.

67: How can you search for information about the features of Gmail using a search engine?

Answer: Connect to the Internet, open a web browser, type www.google.com in the address bar, enter
"Features of Gmail" in the search box, and click the Google Search button to get a list of links to web
pages containing the relevant information.
 UNIT 5 ALGORITHMIC THINKING AND PROBLEM SOLVING

ERQs

1. What is computational thinking and how does it benefit us?

Computational thinking promotes logical thinking and helps us break down issues, predict outcomes,
and analyze cause and effect.

2. How does decomposing a problem make it easier to solve?

Decomposing means breaking a complex problem into smaller parts, making it more manageable to
solve.

3. What does pattern matching involve in computational thinking?

Pattern matching helps identify similarities or patterns in problems, aiding in more efficient problem
solving.

4. How does pattern recognition relate to Sudoku?

In Sudoku, pattern recognition involves finding sequences of numbers, enhancing computational

thinking skills.

5. Why is decomposing important in understanding complex systems like a bicycle?

Decomposing a bicycle into smaller parts allows detailed examination, aiding in understanding its
workings.

6 What is data abstraction?

Answer: Creating a general idea about a problem by ignoring specific details.

7. What is an algorithm?

Answer: A set of step-by-step solutions to solve a problem in a specific order.

8. How does data abstraction relate to a school timetable?

Answer: It provides a general overview of classes, ignoring specific details like topics taught.

9. What are the essential components of an algorithm?

Answer: Clear instructions, starting point, ending point, and step numbers in between.

10. What are the three basic constructs in an algorithm?

Answer: Sequence, Selection, Iteration

11. How is the Selection construct implemented in programming?

Answer: Using IF-THEN-ELSE statement.

12. What is the purpose of Iteration in an algorithm?

Answer: Repeated execution of code, also known as a Loop

13. What is the significance of Definiteness in an algorithm?

Answer: It ensures the algorithm has a clear beginning and ending.

14. What shape does a flowchart start with and end with?

Answer: Start, Stop (oval)

15. Which step involves a decision in the tea making process?

Answer: Waiting for the water to boil

16. What happens after adding tea leaves and milk in the tea making flowchart?

Answer: Tea is ready (output)

17. Flowcharts can be converted into which type of program mentioned in the passage?

Answer: Scratch program

18. What is a conditional statement in an algorithm?

Answer: A step or rule in an algorithm where a decision must be made with two possible outcomes.

19. What are the possible outcomes of a conditional test?

Answer: True or False.

20. How does a conditional statement work?

Answer: If the test is true, a specific action is taken; otherwise, another action is taken.

21. Give an example of a conditional statement from the tea-making process.

Answer: If the water boils, add tea leaves; else, wait.

22. What are Finite Loops used for?

Answer: To execute a specific set of instructions a limited number of times.

23. Provide an example of using an infinite loop in game development.

Answer: Main game frame execution until user selects a different event.

24. When can an algorithm for division of non-zero numbers result in infinite loops?

Answer: After steps 1 and 3, when a specific condition is not met.

25. Why is dividing by zero considered a run time error in programming?

Answer: It can cause the code to get stuck in an infinite loop.

26. What does the modulo operation return?

Answer: Remainder of division.

27. What is the purpose of using functions in programming?

Answer: Reusability and task decomposition.

28. How does a function help programmers focus on the bigger picture?

Answer: Abstracts the details of how it works.

29. What does the program aim to determine using modulo operation?

Answer: Whether a number is odd or not.

30. What is a function in programming?

Answer: A piece of code that can be reused for specific tasks.

31. How do functions help programmers solve problems?

Answer: By breaking down problems into smaller parts, each handled by a function.

32. What is the purpose of the modulo operation in computing

Answer: It calculates the remainder after division between two numbers.

33. How can functions assist in abstracting details in programming?

Answer: Once a function is created, its inner workings can be forgotten, focusing on the bigger picture.

34. How can the modulo operation be used to determine if a number is odd?

Answer: If the modulo of the number divided by 2 is 1, it is odd.

35. What is a logical error in programming?

Answer: A logical error occurs when a program runs but does not produce the expected outcome.

36. How can syntax errors be identified in a program?

Answer: Syntax errors are caused by incorrect spelling or punctuation, leading to immediate program
errors.

37. What is the result of the expression 2 + 2 x 2, and why is it considered a logical error?

Answer: The result is 6 due to the order of operations (multiplication before addition), illustrating a
logical error.

38. Define a run-time error and provide an example.

Answer: A run-time error occurs during program execution, such as division by zero, leading to
program crashes.

39. How do logical errors differ from syntax errors?

 Answer: Logical errors affect the program's functionality, while syntax errors result from incorrect
spellings or punctuation.
 THE BINARY COMPUTING

ERQs

1. What does data refer to?

Answer: Collection of facts or figures.

2. Which type of data includes letters of the alphabet, numbers, and special characters?

Answer: Alphanumeric data.

3. What is information?

Answer: Result of analyzing and interpreting data.

4. How do computers process analog data?

Answer: Translate into digital data.

5. What type of data do computers understand?

Answer: Binary or digital data.

6. What does the digit '1' represent in binary data?

Answer: High state of current.

7. How does the processor convert user commands into binary data?

Answer: The processor converts commands into binary data for execution.

8. What happens to a light bulb when you switch it on?

Answer: It glows because of flowing electric current.

9. How is binary data numerically represented?

Answer: With '0s' and '1s'.

Question 1: What is the purpose of encoding in computers?

Answer: Converting analog data into a digital form that computers can understand.

10: What is the purpose of decoding in computers?

Answer: Converting digital data back into an analog form for human understanding.

11: How are inputs processed in a computer system after being encoded?

Answer: Inputs are processed in the binary form by the processor before being decoded into analog
form.

12: Which number system is used in computer systems?

Answer: Binary number system.

13: What does the digit '1' represent in the binary number system?

Answer: High state signal.

14: How many digits are in the octal number system?

Answer: 8 digits (0-7).

15: What is 1's complement in the binary number system?

Answer: Number obtained by changing 0 to 1 and 1 to 0.

16: What is the first step in binary subtraction using 1's complement method?

Answer: Find the 1's complement of the second number.

17: What should be done if there is a carry leftover in binary subtraction using 1's complement?

Answer: Add it with the result obtained in step 2.

18:** What is the other name for the decimal number system?

Answer: Base 10 number system.

19:** How many digits are used in the binary number system?

Answer: Two digits: 0 and 1.

20How is binary to decimal conversion useful?

Answer: Useful for computer programming; converting base-2 to base-10 numbers.

21:** Explain the multiplication method for binary to decimal conversion.

Answer: Multiply binary digits from MSB to LSB, reducing power of base (2).

22:** What does the decimal point represent in the decimal number system?

Answer: Represents units, tens, hundreds, and thousands in the decimal place value system.

23:** What is the purpose of decimal to binary conversion?

Answer: Convert base-10 numbers to base-2 numbers for computer processing.

24:** What is the role of a bit in computer data storage?

Answer: Smallest unit; records binary signal (0 or 1) in memory.

25:** What does ASCII code do?

Answer: Converts characters to binary numbers for data representation and communication.

26: How is a byte formed, and what does it represent?

Answer: Formed by 8 bits; represents a character, e.g., "C" represented as 11000011 in binary.
27: What is the purpose of Unicode?

Answer: Encoding text with letters, numbers, and symbols in multiple languages.

27: How many bits does Unicode use to represent a symbol?

Answer: 32 bits.

28. How are digital images composed?

Answer: Pixels, each made of binary numbers.

29. How can a simple black and white picture be represented using binary?

Answer: By assigning 1 to white and 0 to black, creating a grid of colored squares.

30: How is sound converted into binary for computer processing?

Answer: Captured by a microphone, converted into digital signal, sampled, and recorded as binary.
 UNIT 10
CRQs
1: What does "digital citizenship" refer to?

**Answer: Responsible use of technology by engaging with society through computers and the Internet

2: What is the difference between the terms "Internet" and "internet"?

**Answer: "Internet" refers to the global network, while "internet" refers to local or restricted
networks.

3: Define "static" and "dynamic" websites.

**Answer: Static websites have unchanging information, while dynamic websites need frequent
updates, like news.

4: How can you practice digital ethics as a digital citizen?

**Answer: By being respectful online, not sharing personal information, and following rules and
conduct.

5: What does "copyright" protect, and what is "plagiarism"?

**Answer: Copyright protects original works; plagiarism is using others' work without proper credit or
consent.

1. What are some improper uses of computer resources?

Answer: Harassment, unauthorized access, violations of security, plagiarism, etc.

2. What is E-Commerce?

Answer: Online buying and selling of products through websites like Amazon and eBay.

3. What is CRM?

Answer: Customer Relations Management, connecting businesses and customers for strong
relationships.

4. How does video conferencing help companies?

Answer: It allows remote meetings with participants from different locations.

5. Name a common use of the Internet in business.

Answer: E-Commerce.

6. What is the purpose of social media advertisements?

Answer: Reaching a wider potential market than traditional advertising methods.

7. What is cloud hosting?

Answer: Storing data remotely and accessing it through the Internet from anywhere.

8. Define email.

Answer: Electronic communication for sending/receiving messages and files.

9. What is a podcast?

Answer: Digital audio series available on platforms like Spotify and Apple Podcasts.

10. What is netiquette?

Answer: Online courtesy and politeness in communication.

11. How can you secure your information privacy?

Answer: Use strong passwords, antivirus software, and avoid sharing sensitive data.

12. What is malware?

Answer: Malicious software that can harm computer systems.

13. What is phishing?

Answer: Fraudulent emails or messages to steal personal information.

14. Name a positive impact of social media.

Answer: Connectivity and staying informed.

15. What is the purpose of online gaming?

Answer: Playing virtual games over the Internet.

16. What is Zoom Meetings used for?

Answer: Video conferencing for various purposes.

17. Explain File Transfer Protocol (FTP).

Answer: A way to exchange files over the Internet between computers.

18. What is cloud computing?

Answer: Using the Internet to access data and applications remotely.

19. Name an online file sharing service.

Answer: OneDrive, Google Photos, etc.

20. What is the purpose of Google Photos?

Answer: Storing and managing photos and videos online.

21. How does YouTube benefit companies?

Answer: Launching and advertising products, entertainment, and education.

22. What is the primary purpose of social networking sites?

Answer: Connecting people and sharing common interests.

23. Explain the term "netiquette."

Answer: Online etiquette or polite behavior when communicating on the Internet.

24. What is the main advantage of cloud computing?

Answer: Accessing data and applications from anywhere with an Internet connection.

25. How can you counter media bias?

Answer: Refer to multiple sources and verify facts before forming opinions.
 UNIT 11
ERQs
1. What is design thinking?

Answer: A problem-solving process using creativity and customer perspectives to develop innovative
solutions.

2. Name the five stages of design thinking.

Answer: Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, Test.

3. How does design thinking benefit entrepreneurs' problem-solving skills?

Answer: It teaches a structured approach, improving problem identification and solution effectiveness.

4. Why is innovation important in design thinking?

Answer: It encourages creative thinking, leading to a wider range of successful solutions.

5. What is the purpose of the "Empathy" stage in design thinking?

Answer: To understand customers' needs and experiences through research and observation.

6. What happens during the "Prototyping" stage in design thinking?

Answer: Creating prototypes to test the feasibility of ideas and potential solutions.

7. What is the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development?

Answer: A plan by the United Nations for global peace, prosperity, and sustainable development.

8. How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are there?

Answer: 17 SDGs in total.

9. How can entrepreneurs help counter climate change based on the passage?

Answer: By planting urban forests and encouraging roof gardening.

10. What is the role of innovation in the design thinking process?

Answer: Innovation helps entrepreneurs generate creative solutions to problems and improve
products/services.