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E.tech Practical

E tech

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10 views3 pages

E.tech Practical

E tech

Uploaded by

umraoshikhar002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Objective: Study of (i) Voltage Transformer, (ii) Current Transformer and Auto

transformer.
VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER- The voltage Transformer the steps down the voltage to
the operating range of voltmeter. It consists of a few turns on secondary and more
turns on primary. The primary winding is connected to the voltage being measured
and secondary winding is connected to the voltmeter.
 Voltage Transformer Definition: A voltage transformer, also
known as a potential transformer, steps down high system
voltages to safer, lower levels suitable for standard meters and
relays.
 Basic Operation: These transformers connect their primary
windings across a phase and the ground, operating like other
step-down transformers but specifically for voltage
management.
 Standard Secondary Voltage: The secondary voltage output of
a typical voltage transformer is generally 110 V.
 Common Errors: Errors in voltage transformers include
deviations in voltage ratios and phase alignments, impacting
accuracy.
 Cause of Errors: Errors are mainly caused by voltage drops
across the transformer’s internal resistance and reactance,
affecting both the primary and secondary windings.

CURRENT TRANSFORMER : the primary winding of current transformer consist of


very few turns and the secondary winding has large number of turns. The ammeter is
connected directly across the secondary winding terminals. The current transformer
is a step up transformer ( to Step Up voltage) or step down the current to the
operating range of ammeter.

How it works
A CT has two windings, with the primary winding carrying the actual current. The
secondary winding is connected to measuring instruments and protection devices. The
CT reduces the high current to a lower value, making it safe to monitor the electrical
current.
Uses
CTs are used in many applications, including power distribution systems, industrial
machinery, and protection relays. They are also used to monitor high-voltage lines
across national power grids.

Benefits
CTs allow for accurate current measurement, fault detection, and protection against
overcurrent conditions. They also scale large values of current to small, standardized
values that are easier for measuring instruments to handle.
The number of turns in the secondary winding and the current in the
secondary winding are inversely proportional. For example, a 100/5 ratio CT
has 20 turns, while a 100/1 ratio CT has 100 turns.

Auto Transformer
An autotransformer (or auto transformer) is a type of electrical
transformer with only one winding. The “auto” prefix refers to the
single coil acting alone (Greek for “self”) – not to any automatic
mechanism. An auto transformer is similar to a two winding
transformer but varies in the way the primary and secondary
winding of the transformer are interrelated.
An auto transformer uses a single winding for both the primary and
secondary purposes, unlike two-winding transformers which use
separate windings. The diagram below illustrates this concept.
 Single Winding Theory: The auto transformer uses one
winding for primary and secondary purposes, differing from the
two separate windings in traditional transformers.
 Diagram Explanation: A diagram of an auto transformer
shows the single winding and how it is tapped to create primary
and secondary sections.
 Copper Savings: Auto transformers save copper because they
use less winding material, making them more efficient and cost-
effective.
 Applications of Auto Transformers: These transformers are
used to boost supply voltage, start motors, and provide variable
voltage in various settings.

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