PULAAR DU NORD MANUAL

Peace Corps
Senegal
Edition 2023
Introduction

Pulaar is primarily spoken as the first language of Senegal River Valley peoples. It is
traditionally known as Fuuta Tooro and belongs to the Atlantic branch of the Niger-Congo
language family.

With about twenty-eight dialects in existence, Pulaar is the first language of millions of
people from over a dozen African nations. Dialectal diversity is noticeable even within the
confines of a singular country, like Senegal. However, Pulaar speakers of different dialects
can still often communicate with each other. The Pulaar people live in most West African
countries, but they do not constitute the majority in any of them.

Pulaar speakers, known as Haalpulaar'en, live in Senegal, Mauritania, Gambia, and Western
Mali. Thus, Pulaar has the status of a national language in such countries as Senegal, Guinea,
Mali, etc.

Pulaar Alphabet

a–b–Б–c–d–ɗ–e–f–g–h–I–j–k–l
m – n – ñ – ŋ – o – p – r – s - t- u – w – y – ƴ

Note: The following letters of the English alphabet are not used (or are only used very
seldom) in Pulaar:
q-v–x–z
However, the Pulaar alphabet also includes additional letters not used in English:
ñ–ŋ–ɗ-Б–ƴ

Pulaar Consonants

B – b → baaba (father)
Ɓ – ɓ → ɓuuɓri (shade)
C – c → cellal (health) “C” is always pronounced “ch” as in “chapter.”
D – d → dogde (to run)
Ɗ – ɗ → ɗaɗi (roots)
F – f → finde (to wake up)
H – h → haalde (to speak)
J – j → juma (mosque) This letter is fully voiced, like the “dg” in “judge” or the “g” in
George.
K – k → Kikiiɗe (afternoon) This is a slightly aspirated plosive.
L – l → lamɗam (salt)
M – m → mahde (to build)
N – n → noppi (ears)
Ñ – ñ → ñaamde (to eat) As in the first “n” in “onion.”
Ŋ – ŋ → baŋge (side) As in the “ng” sound in “bringing.”
P – p → pinngude (to give a shot) This is a slightly aspirated plosive.
R – r → reedu (stomach) This is trilled just like the Spanish ‘rr’ in “burro.”
S – s → salaade (to refuse) This is voiceless as in “Saturday.”
T – t → tikkude (to be angry)

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 W – w → wofde (to bark) Like the English “w” in “water.”
Y – y → yeeyde (to sell)
Ƴ – ƴ→ ƴiiƴam (blood)

Pulaar Consonant Clusters:

Consonant clusters can occur at the beginning or in the middle of the word.
Nj → Njuumri = honey
Nd → Ndoondi = ash
Mb→ Mbaalu = sheep
Ng → Ngaari = Taurus

Pulaar Vowels

Vowels can be short or long. Length is shown by doubling them. And note that length is very
important because it can indicate a difference in meaning:

a→ amde = to dance aa → aamde = to be lazy

e→ fedde = group ee → peeje = strategies
i→ hirde to be jealous ii → hiirde = to stay until late
o→ lorde = to plant oo → hoorde = to fast
u→ luбde = to lend uu → luuбde = to smell bad

Classroom Expressions:

Ask and answer questions about unknown names of things

Express lack of understanding and ask for clarification

Mbido jogi naamndal. I have a question.

Holno ___ wiyete? How do you say ____?
Dum ko ___. It’s a ___.
Ko dum woni? What is this?
Dum ko ____. This is _____.
Holno ____ winndirte e Pulaar? How do you write ___ in Pulaar?
Holko firti _____? What is the meaning of ____?
Haaltu, sabu haala ma na yaawi. Repeat, because you speak very fast.
Mi faamaani. Ada waawi haaldude I don’t understand. Can you speak more
seesa? Ada waawi reftude heen? slowly? Can you say that again?
Lubam bik. Can I borrow a pencil?

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Apologize for arriving late or leaving early

Yaafo, mi tardi sabu bottaari/ I'm sorry I'm late. I'm sorry because
kaccitaari ndi nawli breakfast/lunch was late.
Yaafo jooni mbido hootde. Sorry, I have to go back home now.

Apologize and explain your absence from class or work.

Yaafo mi sellaano. Mi majjuno. Mi I was sick. I got lost. I had an

daňno urgence. Mi haaldatno e… emergency. I had to meet with ___.

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 Greetings and Introductions

Compentence1: Salmondirde e anndondirde

(Greetings and Introductions)

In this competency:
CULTURAL NOTES
Importance and length of greetings
Respect
Body Language
Greeting During Prayer Times
Greetings for Safety
VOCABULARY
Identity
Nationality, Ethnicity and Gender
Occupation
Periodical Greetings
GRAMMAR FOCUS
Conjugation of the verbs: Wiyeede, yetteede, hoɗde.
Independent pronouns
Ko + Short Subject Pronouns/negative
Question Words
PRACTICE
APPLICATION/ TASK

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CULTURAL NOTES:

Importance and Length of Greetings

Greetings are highly important in this community and are said to be the “key” of
relationships. Greetings will seem long and repetitive but take the necessary time to perform
them. Short greetings could be interpreted as anti-social.
Respect older people and note that people of authority or strangers are sometimes referred to
in the plural. Also consider the type of greetings that need to be used; using the formal
greetings and body languages are essential.

Body Language
When men are greeting older people, shaking hands with both hands is a true sign of respect;
for women, curtseying. You should avoid being the first to offer your hand when it comes to
greeting the opposite sex. For religious reasons, some people would prefer not to shake
hands with the opposite sex. Looking someone directly in the eyes, like older people, might
be interpreted as rude. You’ll also see some men greeting each other by putting their hand to
their forehead, which is a sign of deference for the Mourids, an Islamic brotherhood.

Greeting During Prayer Times

Do not greet someone who is praying or pass in front of him/her. Often, after praying, older
people walk around or hold prayer beads while sitting and reciting prayers, which can’t be
interrupted. You may greet them by smiling, nodding or clasping your hands together in
front of your chest.

Greetings For Safety

People will begin to notice and recognize you through your display of adapted ways of
greeting. You are positively impacting your safety and security in your community when you
greet people appropriately and integrate.

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KSA 1: Salmondirde e Waynondirde (Greetings and Goodbyes)

Learning Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, each trainee will be able to greet different people appropriately in different
times of the day and correctly use at least three phrases to say goodbye.

Dialogue:
In the following example dialogue, PCV Lauren is greeting her neighbor Muusa.

Basic greetings English

Muusa: Asalaamu aleykum. Peace be upon you.
Lauren: Maalekum salaam. Peace be upon you.
L: No mbaɗ-ɗaa? How are you doing?
M: Jam tan. I’m fine (Peace only).
L: Aɗa selli? Are you fine?
M: Ko mawdum. I’m fine.
L: No galle maa waɗi? How is your family doing?
M: Ebe e jam. / Ebe celli. They are fine.
L: Jam waali? Did you spend the night in peace?
M: Yaa wuur. Yes, I did.
L: Haa gongol. See you next time.
M: Haa gongol. See you next time.

Practice 1:

Practice this formal conversation with your teacher.

The teacher will play one role and the class will act it out.

Practice 2:

Now practice the greetings in pairs. Switch roles when you’re finished.

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II. ADDITIONAL VACABULARY:

Verbs and Expressions

Salminde (to greet)

Waalde (to spend the night)
Ñallude (to spend the day)

Nouns
Subaka o (the morning)
Ñalawma o (the day)
Kikiide o (the evening)
Jamma o (the night)
Neene (mother)
Baaba (father)
Liggeey o (the work)

III. PRACTICE:

Match the Pulaar phrases to the English meanings Questions to Responses

A B
1. No neene maa wadi? Fine.
2. Jam tan. How are you?
3. No mbad-daa? See you next time.
4. Haa ñande wonnde. Have a good night.
5. No galle ma wadi? See you tomorrow.
6. Haa janngo. How is your family?
7. Mbaalen e jam. How is your mother?
8. Yaa wuur. Peace only.
9. Ko mawdum.

Write your own dialogue and practice with your peers.

Role play

IV. APPLICATION TASK:

Practice these greetings with your family and learn more with them.

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KSA 2: Anndondirde (Introduction)

Learning Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, each trainee will be able to correctly introduce him/ herself and introduce
someone else.

Part 1: Talk about oneself (Haalde ko fate e hoore mum)

Dialogue: Mbiyete-mi ko Aali (My name is Aali)

Sample Dialogue: The trainee Lindsay Davis meets her host brother for the first time and they
greet each other.

Aali: No mbaɗ-ɗaa? How are you doing?

Lindsay: Jam tan. I’m fine (Peace only).
A: No galle maa waɗi? How is your family doing?
L: Eɓe e jam. / Eɓe celli. They are fine.
A: Mbiyete-mi ko Aali. Aan noon, no My name is Aali. And you, what’s your
mbiyete-ɗaa? name?
L : Mbiyete-mi ko Lindsay. My name is Lindsay.
A: No njettete-ɗaa? What’s your last name?
L: Njettete-mi ko Davis. Aan noon, no My last name is Davis, and you, what is
njettete-ɗaa? your last name?
A: Miin, njettete-mi ko Sow. Me, my last name is Sow.
L: To koɗ-ɗaa ɗoo? Where do you live here?
A: Koɗ-mi ko galle Mbaay. I live at Mbaay’s house.

Note: Certain consonant changes occur with a plural subject or in the case of postposition.
W+a → Mb Y → Nj
W +i →Mb H→K
W+o →Ng

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Practice:

Practice this conversation with your teacher.

The teacher will play one role and the class will act out the other role. Then, practice the dialogue in
pairs, switching roles.

I. GRAMMAR FOCUS:

Grammar 1: Conjugation of the verb wiyeede = to be named

Example: Mbiyete mi ko Lindsay.

Person Singular Plural

1st Mbiyete mi ko ____ Min mbiyete ko ___ /Mbiyete ɗen ko ___
2nd Mbiyete-ɗaa ko ___ Mbiyete ɗon ko ___
3rd O wiyete ko ____ Ɓe mbiyete ko ____

Recapitulation Table: Short Subject Pronouns (SSP)

Chart of Short Subject Pronouns

Singular Plural
Mi = I Min (excl.) = We / En/ɗen (incl.) = We
A/ɗaa = You On/ɗon = You (all)
O = He/She Ɓe = They

Practice 1:

Answer the following questions.

No mbiyete-ɗaa e Senegal?
………………………………………………………
No o wiyete e Amerik?
…………………………………………………
No baaba maa wiyete e Senegal?
………………………………………………………
Holno ɓe mbiyete?
……………………………………………………...
Holno mbiyete-mi?
………………………………………………………
Hono mbiyete-ɗon?
………………………………………………………
Hono mbiyete-ɗen?
………………………………………………………

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Grammar 2: Conjugation of the verb yetteede (to be named [in the context of last names]).

Example: Njettete-mi ko Davis.

O yettete ko Diallo.
Note: The conjugation of the verb yetteede has same the ending as the verb wiyeede.

Grammar 3: Independent Pronouns

Example: Aan, no mbiyete-ɗaa?

Chart of Independent Pronouns

Person Singular Plural
st
1 Miin = Me Enen (incl.) = We
Minen (excl.) =We
2nd Aan = You Onon = You

3rd Kanko = Him/Her Kamɓe = Them

Note: These pronouns can be used independently in a sentence; in this case they are optional. In
another case they can be used to add emphasis on the subject.
Practice 1: Questions / Answers

Practice the verb yetteede using the independent pronouns.

Example: Kanko, holno o yettete e Senegaal?

O yettete ko Davis.

Practice 2: Answer the questions using the independent pronouns.

No njettete-ɗaa e Senegal?
……………………………………………………..
No o yettete e Amerik?
……………………………………………………..
No neene maa yettete e Senegal?
……………………………………………………..
Holno neene maa e baaba maa njettete?
……………………………………………………..
Holno njettete-mi?
……………………………………………………...
Hono njettete-ɗon?
………………………………………………………
Hono njettete-ɗen?
………………………………………………………

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Grammar 5: Conjugation of the verb hoɗde = to live

Example: Koɗ -mi ko Washington.

person singular plural

1st Koɗ -mi ko … Min koɗi ko …
Koɗ-ɗen ko…
2nd Koɗ-ɗaa ko… Koɗ-ɗon ko…

3rd O hoɗi ko… Be koɗi ko…

Rule: Whenever we have postposition, the “i” ending (ending of the verb) disappears.

Practice:

Answer the following questions.

Holto koɗ-ɗaa e Senegal?

……………………………………………………….
Holto o hoɗi e Amerik?
……………………………………………………….
To neene maa hoɗi e Senegal?
……………………………………………………….
Holto neene ma e baaba ma koɗi?
……………………………………………………….
To koɗ-mi?
……………………………………………………….
To koɗ-ɗon?
……………………………………………………….
Holto koɗ-ɗen?
……………………………………………………….

II. ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY:

Innde → Name
Yettoode→ Last name
A ɗaaniima no moƴƴi. → Did you sleep well?

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Question words

Pulaar English
Holno / No How
Holko / Ko What
Holto / To Where
Holnde / Mande / nde When
Holmo / Mo Who
No foti How much/ how many
Laabi no foti How many time

III. PRACTICE:

A- Answer the questions.

Ko Siidi mbiyete-ɗaa?
………………………………………………………….
Holno o yettete?
………………………………………………………….
Ko Huray e Aminata mbiyete-ɗen?
………………………………………………………….
Ko Gaajo njettete-ɗen?
…………………………………………………………..
Miin e Rejina, ko Cees min koɗi?
…………………………………………………………..

B- Write questions that correspond to the following statements

…………………………………………………………?
Ko Tanisha o wiyete.
………………………………………………………….?
Enen, ko jallo njettete-ɗeŋ.
……………………………………………………………….?
Minen, ko Bill e John min mbiyete.
………………………………………………………….?
Min mbiyete ko Faatimata e Husay
………………………………………………………….?
Ko Cees koɗ-ɗon e Senegaal.
…………………………………………………………..?

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C- Interview one of your peers and present the information in front of your peers.

V. APPLICATION/ TASK

Interview one of your family member and present the in the information in front of your peers.

Part 2: Talk about oneself (Haalde ko fate e hoore mum).

Dialogue: Mbiyete-mi ko Aali, wonaa tuubaak mbiyete-mi.

(My name is Ali, my name is not tubaab.)

Aali: No mbaɗ-ɗaa? How are you?

Lindsay: Jam tan. I’m fine.
A: No mbiyete-aa? What’s your name?
L: Mbiyete-mi ko Lindsay. My name is Lindsay.
A: Ko a/ kaa Ameriknaajo? Are you American?
L: Eey, ko mi Ameriknaajo. Yes, I’m American?
A: Holto njeyee-→aa? Where are you from?
L: Njeyaa-mi ko New York I’m from New York.
A: Ko liggoto-aa? What’s your job?
L: Ko mi Wolonteer Corps de la Paix I’m a health Peace Corps volunteer.
e bange cellal.
A: A resi? (to a man)/A resaama? (to a Are you married?
woman)
L: Alaa, mi resaani. (man)/Alaa, mi No, I am not married.
resaaka. (woman)
A: A jaaraama haa ee bale Thank you, see you next.
L; Eey, haa ee bale Ok, see you next.

Practice 1: Practice this conversation with your teacher. The teacher will play one role, the class
will act out the other role.

Practice 2: Practice the dialogue in pairs, switching roles.

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GRAMMAR FOCUS:

Nationality, profession, gender, ethnicity:

Example 1: Ko mi Ameriknaajo. (Affirmative)

Mi wonna Ameriknaajo. (Negative)

Example2: Ko on Senegaalnaabe.
On ngonaa Senegaalnaabe.

Example 3: Ko mi wolonteer Corps de la Paix.

Mi wonaa wolonteer CP.

Rule aff: Ko + SSP + Personal identification

Rule: neg. SSP + Wonaa/ ngonaa + Personal identification

Practice: Translate the following sentences in Pulaar.

I am a Senegalese.
………………………………………………………….
I am not a French but I am an American.
………………………………………………………….
We (inclusive) are Pulaar.
………………………………………………………….
We (Exclusive) are not Wolof.
………………………………………………………….
They are women but they are not men.
………………………………………………………….

II. ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY:

Verbs:
Ummaade/ Iwde → to be originated
Gollude → to work
Safrude → to heal
Yeeyde → to sell
Yeeytaade → to bargain
Safraade → to get treatment
Remde → to farm
oofde → to weed
Fewnude → to make

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Nouns:
Janngoowo → leaner/ student
Cafroowo → healer/ doctor
Jeeyoowo → seller
Demoowo → farmer
Tutoowo ledde → Tree planter

III PRACTICE:
I. Write questions that correspond to the following statements.

………………………………………………………………?
Ko mi jaŋnginoowo.
b.……………………………………………………................?
Kaŋko, o wonaa senegalnaajo, ko o ameriknaajo.
c………………………………………………………………..?
On ngonaa senegalnaaбe kon ameriknaaбe.
d………………………………………………………………..?
Kamбe, ko Mali бe njeyaa.
e………………………………………………………………..?
Kamбe, ko бe wolonteeruuji.
f………………………………………………………………..?
Eey mbido jogi gorko.

Answer the questions

Holko liggoto-ɗaa?
………………………………………………………………...
Ko o Faransenaajo?
……………………………………………………................. .
Ko en wolonteeruji?
………………………………………………………………..
Miin e Sammba ko min jannginooбe?
………………………………………………………………..

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III Put the words in the correct order to create a sentence.

Mi / Usman / e / ko / Senegaal / mbiyete.

……………………………………………………………………………….
Holto / o / e / Cees / hoɗi?
……………………………………………………………………………….
Liggoto / mi / cellal / ko / wolonteer / mi / Tamba / ko.
……………………………………………………………..........................
Jeeyaa / kanko / o / Dakaar / ko
………………………………………………………………………………
Amerik / yettetee / e / ko / neene / Wilson / maa.
………………………………………………………………………………
Aan / liggoto / holto / samba / ɗon / e?
…………………………………………………………….........................
On / jooni / Senegalnaaбe / ko?
………………………………………………………………..
ɗon / Smith / ko / njettete / wonaa / ɗon / Clinton / onon / njettete.
……………………………………………………………………………..
Amerik / e / makko / jinnaaбe / njettete / hono?
……………………………………………………………………………..
Koɗi / бe / e / Senegal / holto / ɗoo?
………………………………………………………………....................

IV APPLICATION/ TASK

Ask your family the vocabulary related to family members.

Learn how to use the verb to have (positive-negative forms) with the long subject pronouns.
Learn the Possessives.
Learn the numbers.

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Compentence 2: бesngu ngu (The Family)

In this competency:

1. CULTURAL NOTES
Family terminology
Namesake
Family stratification (age)
Polygamy
Privacy
2. VOCABULARY
Family Vocabulary
3. GRAMMAR FOCUS
The verb to have (positive-negative forms)
Long Subject Pronouns
Possessives
Numbers
How to ask a question related to age
4. PRACTICE
5. APPLICATION/ TASK

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CULTURAL NOTES:

Family terminology
Families are bigger in Senegal, and the idea of family is much less exclusive. People may refer
to others as brother, sister, father, mother, uncle, aunt, etc., even when they’re not related by
blood. This can indicate respect (especially uncle, aunt, father, mother), or close ties. It can
also be useful when you don’t know or can’t remember someone’s name. If you want to
establish exact genealogical relationship, you need to ask specific questions: do you have the
same mum? Is he your mom’s old brother?

Namesake
Within the compound, children named after their grandparents are rarely referred to by their
given name. For example, Aliou may be called “Papa/Pape/Baaba/Tokora Baaba” and
Mariama may be called “Mami/Mame/Ndeye/Neene/Tokora Neene.”

Family stratification (age)

Birth order is more important in Senegal than in America. The older child always gets first
dibs on food, chairs, toys, etc. Head of household is a well-defined role in every compound.
This is usually the father of the main nuclear family but can be a woman if her husband is
deceased. The head of household gives out money for daily expenses, and has the final say
on any major decision. Gifts should be given to him to distribute unless you particularly want
someone else to have it. Traditionally, people, mainly in the villages, don’t make a big deal
out of birth dates, and it’s not to be sure exactly how old they are.

Polygamy
You may be in a family where the father has more than one wife, it’s normal and common in
the society. This complicates family relationships from a western’s point of view; co-wives,
half-brothers etc., are new concepts.

Privacy
Periods of being alone are considered indispensable for by westerns. But, in Senegal, it’s
considered normal to be constantly surrounded by people and when it happens to you, take it
as a compliment and know that you are treated as a community member. However, this
doesn’t mean you have to sit chat with others for hours on end. Instead of anxiously waiting
for everyone to leave so you can write a letter for example, go ahead and do it without feeling
like you must find something for the other to do. If you feel like leaving the group so you
can do something else, apologize and leave.

Note: For more information check your Cross Culture book.

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KSA 1: Yimбe Galle o (The Family members)

Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, each trainee will be able to identify the members of a nuclear family,
correctly using the appropriate grammar and be able to use the numbers.

Part 1:

Text: Yimбe galle am (People of my house)

Mbiyete-mi ko kumba, Mbido jogi jinnaabe. Mbido jogi mawniraado gorko e miniraabe rewbe. Min
kodi ko thies.

I. Exploration of the text:

VOCABULARY
The nuclear family vocabulary

Example: mbido jogi jinnaabe

Singular Plural
Jinnaaɗo = parent Jinnaaбe = parents
Neene = mother Neeniraaбe = mothers
Baaba = father Baabiraaбe = fathers
Miñiraao gorko / debbo = young Miñiraaбe worбe / rewбe =
brother/ sister Little brothers/ little sisters

Mawniraao gorko / debbo = Mawniraaбe worбe / rewбe =

old brother/ old sister big brothers/ big sisters

Bio debbo/ gorko = Biббe rewбe/ worбe = daughters/sons

daughter/son

Practice 1: Questions and Answers

Holno jinnaabe maa mbiyete?

………………………………………………………………..
No mawniraado maa gorko yettete?
………………………………………………………………..
Holko baaba maa liggoto?
………………………………………………………………..

Practice 2: Family tree in America

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II. GRAMMAR FOCUS:
Grammar 1: Long subject pronouns
Example: mbido jogi mawniraado gorko

Chart of Long Subject Pronoun

person singular plural

1st Mbio = I Een (incl.) = We
Mbien (excl.) = We
2nd Aa = You Oon = You

3rd Omo = He/she Eбe = They

The use of stative verbs in the present tense:

jogaade:
Affirmative of jogaade

person singular plural

1st Mbio jogi Een (incl.) njogi
Mbien (excl.) njogi
2nd Aa jogi Oon njogi

3rd Omo jogi Eбe njogi

Negation of “jogaade”

Example: Alassane jogaaki debbo

Notes:
Jogaaki and alaa are interchangeable:
Alaa is more common than jogaaki.

Negation word order

Look at the negation word order in the sentence below.

SSP Root of the verb aaki

Note1: With the long subject pronouns, you ask questions changing the inflexion.
Note 2: The long subject pronouns are used for the static verbs in the present simple and for
action verbs in the present progressive.
Note 3: The LSP are always used in the affirmative forms with all the verbs.

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Practice 1: Question and answers to practice the verb “Jogaade”
Example: Aa jogi mawniraabe rewbe?
Eey, mbido jogi mawniraabe rewbe.

Practice 2: Translate the following sentences in Pulaar.

She has an older brother.

………………………………………………………………..
We (inclusive) have a dog.
………………………………………………………………..
They don’t have a younger brother.
……………………………………………………………….
You don’t have sisters.
……………………………………………………………….
You (plural) don’t have kids.
……………………………………………………………….

Additional vocabulary:

Verbs:
Heccude → to be older than…
Nani → here is…
Yahrude → To have (for age)

Nouns:
Denndiraao → Cousin
Maamiraao → Grand father / mother
Kaawiraao → Uncle
Baadiraao → Nephew/ niece
Gorgolaao → Paternal aunt
Ulluundu → Cat
Rawaandu → Dog
Afo → Eldest child
Kodda → Youngest child

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III. PRACTICE:
Rewrite the following words in the correct order to make sentences.

jogi / gorko / mbio / mawniraao.

……………………………………………………………………………….
Amerik / jiinnaaбe / ko / e / kodi / am / Washington /.
……………………………………………………………………………….
mawniraao / eбe / gooto / e / debbo / gorko / njogi / gooto
……………………………………………………………………………….
jogi / e / Seatle / gorko / omo / бio.
……………………………………………………………………………….
njogi / een / oo / Senegal / e / бie.
……………………………………………………………………………….

Now take the same sentences and rearrange one word so that the order is again incorrect. Read each
sentence to a partner. Your partner will listen and correct the sentence verbally.

IV. APPLICATION / TASK:

After class greet at least three community members. Introduce yourself to them; ask their parents’
names, if they have siblings. Bring the information in class.

22
Part 2: Text: Yimбe galle am.
Baaba am wiyete ko Mamadou, ko o direkteer ekkol. Neene am ko Kumba wiyetee. O alaa golle.
Mbiɗo jogi mawniraaбe dido worbe e miniraaбe tato rewbe. Baaba am jogi ko duuбi cappanɗe joyi.

I. GRAMMAR FOCUS:

Grammar 1: “ko” meaning to be

Example: Baaba am ko direkteer ekkol

Rule: Noun + Ko +Profession

Practice 1:

Trainees give examples.

Practice 2: Answer the following questions.

Holko baaba maa liggoto e Senegal?

……………………………………………………………….
Ko miñiraao maa gollata?
……………………………………………………………….
E Amerik, holko jinnaaбe maa liggoto?
……………………………………………………………….

Grammar 2: Possessive Adjectives

Neene am ko Kumba wiyetee.

Neene maббe ko Kumba wiyete.

person singular plural

1st Am = My Amen (excl.) = Our

Men (incl.) = Our
2nd Maa = Your Mon = Your

3rd Makko / Mum = His / her Maббe/ mumen = Their

Contraction possessives
Examples:
Mawniraaɗo am → Mawnam Miñiraaɗo am → Miñam
Mawniraado maa→ Mawne Mñiiraaɗo maa → Miñe
Mawniraaɗo makko → Mawniiko Miiñraaɗo makko → Miñiiko

23
Practice 1:
Structured conversation

Practice 2: Translate the following sentences in Pulaar.

My older brother is a doctor.

……………………………………………………………….
His younger sister is a student.
……………………………………………………………….
Their father is a Senegalese.
………………………………………………………………
Your parents live in Seattle.
………………………………………………………………
Your dog is named Bobby.
………………………………………………………………
Our (inclusive) sister’s teacher is a French.
………………………………………………………………
Our uncle (exclusive) is a Pulaar.
………………………………………………………………

Grammar 3: Limoore (the numbers)

Mbiɗo jogi mawniraaбe dido worбe.

0 hay dara / ndiga

1 go’o
2 didi
3 tati
4 nayi
5 joyi
6 jeegoom
7 jeedidi
8 jeetati
9 jeenayi
10 sappo
11 sappo e go’o
20 noogaas
30 cappande tati
40 cappande nayi
50 cappande joyi

Practice: Say the following numbers in Pulaar.

23, 15, 26, 34, 38, 19, 12, 14, 17, 41, 49, 35.

Notes 1:
Go’o becomes “gooto” when you’re counting people, keep in mind that the final “I” for numbers
becomes “O” for people.
Notes 2:
Gooto vary depending on the article of the noun.

24
Example:
Mido jogi miñiraado gooto.
Ebe njogi denɗiraabe tato.

Question word
No foti → how many/ much

Grammar 1: Asking question for age

Examples:
No foti duubi njogi ɗaa? How old are you?
Mbido jogi duubi noogaas e tati. I am 23 years old.
No foti duubi miniraado maa jogi? How old is your young Brother.
Miniraado am ina jogi= miniraado am Omo jogi= Omo jogi
No foti → how many/ much

Rule
No foti + duuбi + njogi +mi / ɗaa / ɗen / ɗon?
No foti + duuбi + o / min / бe + jogi / njogi?

Practice:
Conversation structurée

PRACTICE:

A. Answer the following questions.

Ko woni liggeey/ golle mon?

.
No foti бiббe jinnaabe mon njogi?
.
Holko woni porogaram maббe?
.
No foti duubi Jinnaabe maa njogi?
.
Miin e ameriknaaбe be, holno persida amen wiyete?
.
Holto jinnaabe mon koɗi e Amerik?
.
Wolonteeruuji ɗi, janginoowo maббe ndeenka (Security ) holno o wiyete?
.
Holno janginoowo maa aada (culture) wiyete?
.
No foti бiббe persida mon jogi?

25
 .

B. Translate the following sentences into Pulaar.

My husband works in France.
.
How old are you?
?
My mom comes from the USA, but now she lives in Mali.
.
How many brothers do they have?
?
She said that her family lives in Thies.
?
She said that her older sister is a farmer.
?
What does the work of the Ag volunteer consist of?
?

C. Write an appropriate question to the following statements.

……………………………………………………………….?
Eey, debbo makko ko Ba yettete.
…………………………………………………………………?
Jooni ko Cees min kodi.
…………………………………………………………………..?
Jinnaaбe Tom ngiwi ko Amrik.
………………………………………………………………….?
Jinnaaбe makko ko Faatu e Aliw бe mbiyete.
…………………………………………………………………..?
Ko Dakar gorko am liggoto.
…………………………………………………………………..? Vocabulary Words
Jinnaaбe maббe mbiyete ko Sammba e Aysatu. Funeeбe: twins
………………………………………………………..…………? Wuro/ gure (plural)=
Mawniraado mon jogi ko otooji ɗiɗi. town(s) or village(s)
………………………………………………………………….?
Wonaa Amerik min koɗi jooni, ko Cees min koɗi.
………………………………………………………………....?

26
Compentence 3: Haalde ko mbadata-a ñande fof
(Talking about your daily routine)

In this competency:

1. CULTURAL NOTES
Time
Appearance and dress code
Ramadan and fasting
2. VOCABULARY
Days of the week
Time markers for the habitual present tense
Some linking words.
3. GRAMMAR FOCUS
Expression of time
Habitual present tense (first group, second group, third group)
4. PRACTICE
5. APPLICATION/ TASK

CULTURAL NOTES

Time
Most of the time, time is given in French. However, prayer times are often used to refer to
time when precision is not necessary.

Prayer times
Don’t plan to meet people at a prayer time, unless you mean generally around that time. It’s
also a bad time to try to buy something, as the seller may be praying (although you can always
just wait a few minutes until he finishes). We have five prayer times: Subaka (at dawn,
between 5 am to 6 am), Tissbaar (2 o’clock), Takkusaan (5 o’clock), futuro (sunset), gee
(around 8 pm). On Fridays, stores and many businesses are closed during the jum’a prayer
(tiisbaar).

27
The hot part of the day is for drinking tea and /or napping. At that time, you won’t be
expected to work / go anywhere then.

Appearance and dress code

Appearance is very important in Senegal. How you dress reflects how you think about the
people you’re interacting with, and how much you respect them
As in America, your clothes convey a first impression, and it’s generally better to be
overdressed than underdressed. Whereas the way you dress can be considered a reflection of
personalities (hippy, conservative, fraternity-sorority type etc.). Observe and use local work
partners as models for how to dress because it mainly depends on your environment and the
people you are interacting with. But, wear some pretty traditional clothes for special
occasions in your site, people we feel really happy and it’s a sign of integration. Nonetheless,
people are really tolerant because they know; you come from a different culture with a
different dress code.

Ramadan and fasting

Ramadan is an important time of the year for Senegalese people, and it affects all the daily
activities. Those who are fasting must not eat, drink, have sexual intercourse, smoke etc. …
from Ramadan breakfast till sundown (when people break the fast). Some volunteers would
like to fast for 1 or several days for gesture of solidarity or just experience. If you are not
fasting be as discrete as possible about eating, drinking and smoking.

28
KSA 1: Haalde ko mbadata ñande fof

Learning Objective
By the end of the lesson each trainee will be able to talk about his/her daily activities correctly using
the present tense.

Part1: Text: David to wuro mum.

Ñande kala, David finat law. O loototo hade makko hacitaade kanko e бesngu makko. So ɗum yawti,
o jaŋngoyat pulaar. Heen saha, e nder ndunngu, subaka o, o wallat yimбe galle makko remde. Ko
бuri heewde, aset fof, o noddete telefon hedde waktuuji sappo e didi.

I. Exploration of the text:

VOCABULARY:
-Some linking words.

Example: So ɗum yawti, o janngoyat pulaar

Pulaar English
So ɗum yawti / Caggal ɗum After that (+ future, HPT)
Ko adi fof First
Ndeen noon Then
Nde ɗum бenni / nde ɗum yawti After that (+ accomplished)
Hade Beforde
Gila Since, from
Haa Until, up to
Kadi Also
Ngam / Pur For, to
Sabu Because

* HPT = Habitual Present Tense

-The days of the week: (nalawmaaji yontere nde)

Example: Aset fof, o noddete telefon.

Chart of the days of the week :

Pulaar English
Altine Monday
Talaata Tuesday
Alarba Wednesday
Alkamisa Thursday
Aljuma Friday
Aset Saturday
Alet Sunday

29
Practice:
Hannde ko holdum ? → What is the day of today.
Hannde ko altine. → Today is Monday.

Additional vocabulary:
Futuro Dusk (Prayer time around 7:30 pm)
Tiisubaar Early afternoon (Prayer time around 2 pm)
Fajiri Early in the morning (Prayer time around 5 am)
Takkusaan Afternoon prayer (5h Pm)
Bottaari Lunch
Hiraande Dinner
Kaccitaari Breakfast
Ñebbe Beans
Duɗal Class/school
Kikiiɗe Afenoon

Expression of time

Time / hour, minutes, seconds (waktu, minitaaji, hojomaaji)

Example: O noddete telefon hedde midi (12h).

Hol waktu yoni? = What time is it?

Waktuuji 9 subaka fawi minitaaji 15 = It’s 9:15 A.M.
Waktu 1 jamma fawi minitaaji 30 / waktu 1 e feccere = It’s 1:30 A.M.
Midi ina maŋki minitaaji 5 / Midi ina heddi minitaaji 5 = It’s 5 minutes to 12 A.M.
Miniwi ina maŋki minitaaji 4 / Miniwi ina heddi minitaaji 4 = It’s 4 minutes to midnight.

Practice: Write the times shown in the clocks above in Pulaar.

1……………………………….
2.……………………………….
3. ……………………………….

30
II- GRAMMAR FOCUS: Habitual Present
In Pulaar there are three different groups for verbs:
-ude/-de -aade, -eede

Time markers :
Example: Ñande kala, David finat law

Chart of time markers:

Pulaar English
Heen saha Sometimes
Ko бuri heewde Most of the time
Ñande kala / fof Every day
Saha fof Often
Yontere kala / fof Every week
Lewru kala / fof Every month
Balɗe ɗiɗi fof Every other two days

A) Conjugation of the 1st group : -ude, -de

1-Affirmative Form:

Example: Ñande kala, o finat law

Heen saha, min pinat law

Structure: Ssp + root of the verb + at

Chart of some –de / -ude verbs:

Pulaar English
Finde To wake up
Yahde To go
Wallude To help
soñde To harvest
Ñaamde To eat
Yeewtude To converse
noddude To call
Jaŋngoyde To go and study
Remde To cultivate
Defde To cook
Ñaamdude To eat with
Roosde To water
Fijde To play

Trainees give examples.

31
Practice:
Create sentences in the present habitual using each of the following pictures to demonstrate the
actions.

Empasizing:

Examples:
(O finat law.)
Emphasizing on the noun / complement

Ko law o finata ñande fof.

Ko ñande fof o finata law.

Emphasizing on the subject pronoun:

Ko kanko finata law ñande fof.

Structure: Ko + noun / complement + root + at + mi / a / en / on.

Structure: Ko + noun / complement + o + min + Бe + root+ at + a

Structure: Ko + emphatic pronoun + root + at + a

Practice: Rewrite the following senteces by making an emphasis on the underlined words.

Heen saha a finat law sabu a

jaŋngoyat.

32
Hitaande kala Бe ndemat gawri.
E Amerik, ko Бuri heewde, baabam defat.
Saha fof, min noddat neenam telefon.
Subaka kala, en pittat cuuɗi men.

2-Negative Form:

Example: Ñande kala, o finataa law.

Heen saha, min pinataa law.

Structure: Ssp + root of the verb + ataa

Trainees give examples.

Practice: With these following verbs make negative sentences using time markers.

Finde………………………………………………………………………….

Roosde……………………………………………………………………….

Yeewtude……………………………………………………………………...

Ñaamdude……………………………………………………………………

Safrude……………………………………………………………………….

B) Conjugation of the 2nd group: -aade

1-Affirmative Form:

Example: O loototo hade makko hacitaade

Structure: Ssp + root of the verb + oto

Chart of some –aade verbs:

Pulaar English
Wottaade To eat lunch
Haccitaade To eat breakfast
Hirtaade To eat dinner
Lootaade/ buuftaade To shower
Daanaade To sleep
Liggaade To work
Fooftaade To nap/rest
Soodaade To wash one’s hands

33
Trainees give examples.

Practice: Create five (5) sentences related to your daily activities with the second group verbs.
………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………….

Empasizing:

(O loototo subaka fof, ko Бuri heewde)

Emphasizing on the noun / complement

Ko subaka fof o loototo.

Ko ko Бuri heewde, o loototo subaka fof.

Emphasizing on the subject pronoun:

Ko kanko loototo subaka fof.

Structure: Ko + noun / complement + root + oto + mi / ɗaa / ɗen / ɗon.

Structure: Ko + noun / complement + o + min + Бe + root + oto

Structure: Ko + emphatic pronoun + root + oto

Practice: Create
sentences by making the emphasis on the noun/ complement and on the subject with the verbs
below.

Бuuftaade……………………………………………………………………
Ɗannaade…………………………………………………………………….
Liggaade………………………………………………………………………
Topitaade……………………………………………………………………..
Ƴeewtaade……………………………………………………………………

34
2- Negative Form:

Example: O loototaako hade makko hacitaade

Structure: SSP + root of the verb + otaako

Trainees give examples.

Practice: Conjugate the verbs between brackets into negative Habitual present tense.
Heen saha, baabam (wottaade) ………………………..hedde tiisubaar.
Ko buri heewde, min (foftaade) ………………………… caggal class.
Ñande fof, minam gorko (soodaade) …………………… hade bottaari.
Aljuma fof, бe (lootaade) …………………………………. subaka law.
Jamma fof, en (daanaade) ……………………………….… law.

C) Conjugation of the 3rd group: -eede

1-Affirmative Form:

Example: O noddete telefon hedde midi (12h).

Structure: Ssp + root of the verb + ete

Chart of some –eede verbs:

Pulaar English
Noddeede To be called
Yobeede To be paid
Neleede To be sent
Fiyeede To be beaten
reseede To be married (woman)
Holleede To be shown / introduced
pinngeede To be vaccinated/get shot
yeeyeede To be sold (something)

Trainees give examples

Practice: Create sentences in the affirmative form with each of following verbs.

Noddeede…………………………………………………………………….

Yobeede………………………………………………………………………

Neleede……………………………………………………………………….

Fiyeede……………………………………………………………………….

Reseede……………………………………………………………………….

35
Empasizing:

(O noddete telefon midi)

Emphasizing on the noun / complement

Ko hedde midi o noddete telefon.

Ko telefon o noddete hedde midi.

Emphasizing on the subject pronoun:

Ko kanko noddete telefon hedde midi.

Structure: Ko + noun / complement + root + ete + mi / ɗaa / ɗen / ɗon

Structure: Ko + noun / complement + o + min + Бe + root + ete

Structure: Ko + emphatic pronoun + root + ete

Practice: Rewrite the following senteces by making an emphasis on the underlined words.

Ko Бuri heewde, o anndete no feewi caggal lebbi tati.

……………………………………………………………………………..
Leɗɗe ɗe topitete saanga ceeɗu.
……………………………………………………………………………..
Haaraan kala ngaari hirsete.
……………………………………………………………………………..
Estaase kaka, Бe njaББete.
……………………………………………………………………………..
Coñal ngal feccete yimБe Бe.
……………………………………………………………………………..

2- Negative Form:

Example: O noddetaake telefon hedde midi (12h).

Structure: Ssp + root of the verb + etaake

Trainees give examples.

36
Practice: Conjugate the verbs between brackets into negative habitual present tense.

Heen saha neene am (ɗofteede) …………………………gese.

Ko buri heewde, min (defaneede)…………………..... ….cooke.
Ñande fof mi (walleede) ……………… …………. lawyude kaake
Altine fof, бe (jaŋngineede) ………………………..karallaagal.
Ndungu fof, en (toбeede)……………………………..kono leelat.

III-PRACTICE

Write a paragraph about your typical day in Senegal.

37
Part 2: Text: Lebbi ɗiɗi Witney gadiiɗi ɗi

Holko Whitney waɗata caggal lebbi ɗiɗi gadiiɗi ɗi? Omo jogi naamɗe ko faati e liggeey makko.
Holmo o naamndoto ko faati e dum? Caggal dum, e IST, o haalanat mawdo program o cadeele wuro
ngo. E oon saha, o wallete e peeje. So o hebbii peeje ɗe, o etoto wallude renndo makko safrude
caɗeele ɗe.

I. Exploration of the text:

VOCABULARY:
Example: O haalanat mawdo program o cadeele wuro ngo.

Pulaar English
fotde Must / have to
renndo Community
waɗde To do
Ko faati e dum About that
Haalande To tell to, to inform
Mawdo porogaraam o The head of the program/ supervisor
caɗeele Difficulties / issues
E oon saha At that time
Peeje Strategies
safrude To resolve / to heal / to give treatment

II- GRAMMAR FOCUS: Habitual Present

Interogative Form of the 1st group: -ude / -de

Examples:

Holko Whitney waɗata caggal lebbi ɗiɗi gadiiɗi ɗi?

Holko mbaɗat-mi caggal lebbi ɗiɗi gadiiɗi ɗi?
Holko mbaɗat-a caggal lebbi ɗiɗi gadiiɗi ɗi?
Holko min mbaɗata caggal lebbi ɗiɗi gadiiɗi ɗi?
Holko mbaɗat-en caggal lebbi ɗiɗi gadiiɗi ɗi?
Holko mbaɗat-on caggal lebbi ɗiɗi gadiiɗi ɗi?
Holko бe mbaɗata caggal lebbi ɗiɗi gadiiɗi ɗi?

Structure: Qw + root + at + mi / a / en / on?

Structure: Qw + o / min / бe + root + ata?

Example:
Holnde pinata ñande fof? When do you wake up?
Ko subaka law pinat-mi. I wake up early in the morning.

Note 1: When we have “Ko” (emphasis) or question words, the short subject pronouns mi, a, en,
and on are postposed and become mi, a, en and on.

38
Note 2: The short subject pronouns o, min, бe are always placed before the verb.

Trainees give examples.

Practice 1:

Conversation structuree:

Practice 2: Translate the following sentences into Pulaar.

How many times do you call your big brother every week ?
..................................................................................?
At what time does he/she goes to class in the afternoon ?
..................................................................................?
What do they study every day ?
...................................................................................?
Where do we (incl.) go and study Pulaar ?
..................................................................................?
Who do we (excl.) help to cook ?
…..............................................................................?

Interogative Form of the 2nd group: -aade

Example: Holto loototo-mi heen saha?

Holto loototo-ɗaa heen saha?
Holto o loototo heen saha?
Holto min loototo heen saha?
Holto loototo-ɗen heen saha?
Holto loototo-ɗon heen saha?
Holto бe loototo heen saha?

Structure: Qw + root of the verb + oto + mi / ɗaa / ɗen / ɗon?

Structure: Qw + o / min / бe + root + oto?

Example:
Holnde loototo-ɗaa heen saha? Where do you shower sometimes?
Ko takusaan loototo-mi. It’s around 5h that i shower.

Note 1: When we use “Ko” (emphasis) or question words,

The short subject pronouns mi, a, en, and on are postposed and become mi, ɗaa, ɗen and
ɗon.
Note 2: The short subject pronoun o, min, бe is always placed before the verb.
Trainees give examples.
Practice 1:
Structured Conversation

39
Practice 2:
Translate the following sentences into Pulaar.

How many times do you shower every week ?

..................................................................................?
Does he/she eat breakfast every day
..................................................................................?
What do they take for breakfast every day ?
..................................................................................?
When do we (incl.) shower?
..................................................................................?
What time do we (excl.) sleep ?
…..............................................................................?

Interogative Form of the 3rd group: -eede

Example: Holnde noddete-mi?

Holnde noddete-ɗaa?
Holnde o noddete?
Holnde min noddete?
Holnde noddete-ɗen?
Holnde noddete-ɗon?
Holnde бe noddete?

Structure: Qw + root of the verb + ete + mi / ɗaa / ɗen / ɗon?

Structure: Qw + o / min / бe + root of the verb + ete?

Example:
Holnde noddete-ɗaa? When are you called?
Ko futuro noddete-mi. I am called at dusk.

Note 1: The short subject pronoun o, min, бe is always placed before the verb.
Note 2: When we use “Ko” (emphasis) or question words, the short subject pronouns min,
a, en, and on are postposed and become mi, ɗaa, ɗen and ɗon.

Trainees give examples.

Practice 1:
Structured Conversation

40
Practice 2: Translate the following sentences into Pulaar.

How many times are you called on the phone every week?
..................................................................................?
When does he/she get paid?
..................................................................................?
When are they introduced to the community?
..................................................................................?
Who are taught senegalese culture?
..................................................................................?
How much are we (incl.) paid every month ?
……………………………………………………………?

Additional verbs:

Pulaar English
бoornaade to wear
Hacitodaade to have breakfast with
Wottodaade to have lunch with
Hirtodaade to have dinner with
Hootde to go home
Jooɗaade to sit
Yarde to drink
Toppitaade to take care off
Ekkitaade to practice
Waɗde to do / to make
Foftaade to rest

II. PRACTICE:

A- Put the verbs in the correct form.

Ko waɗi on …………………….. e senegalnaaБe? (hoddude)
Subaka fof mi …………………………...law. (бuuftaade)
Yontere fof direktor o ……………………..e sukaaБe be.(yeewtidde)
Lewru fof Бe ……… (YoБeede) kono Бe ………..hay huunde. (soodde)
Altine kala min ……………………….. wuro amen. (yahndaade)
Jamma fof, mi ……………………….e Бesngu am. (ñaamdude)
Heen saha, mi…………………………koli (neldeede)

41
B- Write the questions leading up to the following statements.

Subaka kala бe Njaŋngat Pulaar.

……………………………………………………………………………
Laaбi ɗiɗi loototo-mi ñannde kala.
……………………………………………………………………………
Baaba makko addoto finde to galle maббe.
……………………………………………………………………………
Miin e gorko am, ko talaata kala comci amen nguppete.
……………………………………………………………………………
Ko hedde 6:30 min ngummoto galleeji amen.
……………………………………………………………………………
Kiikiiɗe kala бe ndoosat sardin maббe hade maббe hootde.
........................................................................................................

APPLICATION/ TASK

Interview one member of your family or your community about his / her daily activities and make a
paragraph with the details of the interview.

TDA: Ask the following questions to a family member or someone in the community you are
comfortable with.

Environment:
Holno wuro ma wayi?
Mbele wuro ngo ina annda?
Holko wuro ngo anndira?

Seasons, activies and weather

No foti dumunnaaji ngoodi e Senegal?
Nduŋngu e Senegal, holno wayata?
Ceeɗu Senegal, holno wayata?
Holko yimбe wuro ngo mbaaɗata e saanga nduŋngu?
Holko yimбe wuro ngo mbaaɗata e saanga ceeɗu?

42
In this KSA

VOCABULARY
a.) descriptive adjectives
b.) saisonnal activities
GRAMMAR FOCUS
Stative verbs / adjectives descriptive
PRACTICE
APPLICATION/ TASK

Correction of the TDA:

VOCABULARY
Description of Environment:

Pulaar English
Heewde leydi To be sandy
deeƴde To be calme
Yaajde To be wide
famɗude To be small
Heewde leɗɗe To have lot of trees
faaɗde To be narrowed / to tighted
Heewde yimбe To be Crowded, have many people
laaбde To be clean
Tunwude / tulwude To be dirty
mawnude To be big

Description of season and weather:

Seasons and activities
No foti dumunnaaji ngoodi e Senegal?
Dabunde (Late December, January February)
Kawle (March, April, early May)
Nduŋngu (Mid-May, June, July, August, September)
Ceeɗu (October, November ealy December)

NB: This is not an exact split of the seasons, depending on the regions they vary a little.
weather:
Nduŋngu e Senegal, holno wayata?

43
 Pulaar English
Waɗde keneeli To have stand storms
Бuuбde To be cold
Waɗde henndu To be windy
Ƴiiwnude To be cloudy
Hecciɗde To be humid / moist
Toбde To rain
Diirde asamaan To thunder
majde To be lightening
Waame The flood

Ceeɗu Senegal, holno wayata?

Wulde To be hot
Henndu wulndu Dried wind
Funndude To be dusty

GRAMMAR FOCUS: Stative verbs / adjectives descriptive

Example: Senegal ina weli kono ina wuli.

Rule:
Ina + static verb = to be adjective

Practice: Create sentences using the static verbs in the charts above.

………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………….

Holko yimбe wuro ngo mbaaɗata saanga nduŋngu?

Some examples:

Pulaar English
Saanga nduŋngu During the rainy season
Dawde gese To go to the field
Yuurnitoyaade gese To go and check the field
Aawde To seed

Holko yimбe wuro ngo mbaaɗata e saanga ceeɗu?

44
Some examples:

Pulaar English
Saanga ceeɗu During the hot season
Duulaade gese To weed fields
Lorde maaro To transplante rice
Soñde maaro To harvest rice

PRACTICE:
Ask your partner five questions related to their environment and the weather.

APPLICATION / TASK
Write a paragraph describing the weather and people’s activities now in your neighborhood.

45
Compentence 3: Haalde ko faati e haajuuji mum jawtudi
(Talking about one’s activity/ experience in the past)

In this competency:
1. CULTURAL NOTES
Talking about experience
2. VOCABULARY
Time markers for the past tense.
Verbs
3. GRAMMAR FOCUS
Past tense
Habitual past tense
Hypothetical
4. PRACTICE
5. APPLICATION/ TASK

CULTURAL NOTES

Talking about experiences

In general, Senegalese people don’t want to talk about their bad experiences. Most prefer not
to speak about memories, events or topics that are shameful, embarrassing, taboo, or
culturally sensitive. So, if you are in conversation with someone and sense that he or she is
not at ease or is hesitant to talk about his or her past, don’t insist.

46
KSA 1: Haalde ko faati e haajuuji mum jawtudi
(Talking about one’s activity / experience in the past)

Learning Objectives

By the end of the lesson, each trainee will be able to tell a simple story about past events using simple
tense.

Part 1: Text: Haajuuji wolonteer Jawtuɗi ɗi

Ko Lauren mbiyete-mi. Njaŋngu-mi ko ndema e Universite Boston e Amerik. E kadi mi jaŋngii ko

faate cellal. Nde ngaynu-mi jaŋde am nde, mi liggiima e ngesa baabam hade am arde Corps de la Paix
ngam wonde wolonteer e Senegal. Lebbi ɗiɗi gadiiɗi ɗi mi wallaama tigi.

I- VOCABULARY

Example: Njanngu-mi ko ndema e Universite Boston

Ndema Agriculture
Jaŋde Study
Ngam For
Kono But
Tigi / Tigirigi Really

Time markers:

Example: Lebbi ɗiɗi gadiiɗi ɗi mi wallaama tigi.

Chart of time markers

Pulaar English
Hannde subaka This morning
Haŋki Yesterday
Hecci hanki The before yesterday
Rawane/ hitaande yawtunde nde Last year
Rawane ndeya Two years ago
Raftan ndeya Three years ago
Naane A while ago
Lebbi ɗiɗi gadiiɗi ɗi The first two months
Day of the week +jawtudo o Every + day of the week
Lewru yawtundu ndu Last month
Adan In the past

47
II- GRAMMAR FOCUS: Simple past tense

A) Conjugation of the 1st group (action verbs) : -ude, -de

1-Affirmative Form:

Example: Haŋki, mi janngii ko faati e cellal.

Structure: (Time marker) + Short Subject Pronoun+ root + ii

Chart of some –ude / -de verbs:

Pulaar English
Loowde To fill
Yahdude e To go with someone
mooftude To keep/ to store
Soodde To buy
Aawde To seed

Tranees give examples

Practice: Conjugate the verbs between brackets into affirmative simple past.

Haŋki, mi (ñaamde)………………………maaro e liddi.

Rawane Baaba amen (remde)……………………..gawri.

Yontere yatunde nde, min (jaŋngude)………………..aada e karallaagal

Lewru yawtundu ndu, en (loorde)……………………..leɗɗe.

Nde o (arde)……… .Senegal nde o (faamde)…………Senegalnaabe.

Empasizing:

Examples:(Hanki, mi janngii ko faati e cellal.)

Emphasizing on the noun / complement

Ko haŋki njaŋngu-mi ko faati e cellal.
Ko ko faati e cellal njaŋngu-mi haŋki.

Emphasizing on the subject pronoun:

Ko miin jaŋngii ko faati e cellal.

48
Structure: -ude Ko + noun / complement + root + u + mi / ɗaa / ɗen / ɗon.

Structure: -de Ko + noun / complement + root + mi / ɗaa / ɗen / ɗon.

Structure: -ude /-de Ko + noun / complement + o + min + Бe + root+ ii

Structure: -ude/-de Ko + emphatic pronoun + root + ii

Practice: Rewrite the following sentences by making an emphasis on the underline words.

Hecci haŋki, a loowii mbuusuuji subaka law

……………………………………………………………………………
Rawane Бe mooftii gawri.
……………………………………………………………………………
E Amerik mi wuppanii hooram.
……………………………………………………………………………
Haŋki jamma on njeewtidi e sehilaabe mon.
……………………………………………………………………………
Rawane ndeya en njahii Ziguinchor.
……………………………………………………………………………

2-Negative Form:

Example: Haŋki, mi jaŋngaani ko faate cellal.

Haŋki, min njaŋngaani ko faate cellal.

Structure (Time marker) + Short Subject Pronoun+ root + aani

Trainees give examples

Practice: Conjugate the verbs between brackets into negative simple past.

Estaseeruuji ɗi (loowde)………………...mbuusuuji teemedere.

Rawane o (aawde)………………………..ngesa ba fof.

Yontere yatunde nde, min (fittude)………………cuuɗi amen.

Lewru yawtundu ndu, en (yahde)……………………Dakar.

Nde mi (arde)…………... nde Senegal, mi (soodde)…………..oto.

B) Conjugation of the 2nd group (action verb): -aade

49
1-Affirmative Form:

Example: Mi liggiima e ngesa baabam.

Structure: (Time marker) + Short Subject Pronoun+ root + iima

Chart of some -aade verbs:

Pulaar English
Leloyaade To go to lay down
Liggoyaade To go to work
ɗannaade To travel
Liggaade To work
Ekitaade To practice / Try

Trainees give examples

Practice 1: Conjugate the verbs between brackets into affirmative simple past.

Haŋki, Muusaa (hirtaade)……………… …..law.

Remooбe бe (wottaade)…………………….toon.

Rawane, A (ɗannaade)………………………Farayse.

Nde mi (yahde)………….. Amerik nde, mi (liggaade)……………e hotel.

Naane, en (hacitaade)………………….mburu e kafe.

Empasizing:

(Mi liggiima e ngesa baabam.)

Emphasizing on the noun / complement

Ko e ngesa baabam liggii-mi.

Emphasizing on the subject pronoun:

Ko miin liggii e ngesa baabam.

Structure: Ko + noun / complement + root + ii + mi / ɗaa / ɗen / ɗon.

Structure: Ko + noun / complement + o + min + Бe + root + ii

50
Structure: Ko + emphatic pronoun + root + ii

Practice: Create sentences by making the emphasis on the noun/ complement and on the subject
with the verbs below.

Бuuftaade……………………………………………………………………

Ɗannaade…………………………………………………………………….

Wottaade………………………………………………………………………

Topitaade……………………………………………………………………..

Haccitaade……………………………………………………………………

2-Negative Form:

Example: Mi liggaaki e ngesa baabam.

Structure: (Time marker) + Short Subject Pronoun+ root + aaki

Trainees give examples

Practice 1: Conjugate the verbs between brackets into negative form simple past.

Haŋki, miin e Ali, min (leloyaade)………………..suudu maббe.

Sukaaбe rewбe бe (ekkitaade)………………..wuppude hecci hanki

Rawane, Fatimata (Topitaade)………………………sardiŋ o.

Nde бe (yahde)…………..sardiŋ nde, бe (liggaade)………………

Haŋki subaka, on (fooftaade)…………………….seeda.

51
C) Conjugation of the 3rd group (action verb) -eede

1-Affirmative Form:

Example: Lebbi ɗiɗi gadiiɗi ɗi, mi wallaama tigi.

Structure: (Time marker) + Short Subject Pronoun+ root + aama

Chart of some –eede verbs:

Pulaar English
Noddeede To be called
Rokkeede To be offered
Neldeede To be sent
Ñammineede To be fed
Anndeede To be known
Walleede To be helped

Trainees give examples

Practice: Conjugate the verbs between brackets into affirmative form simple past.

Naane kikiiɗe, miin e sehil am, min (noddeede)……………….telefon.

Rawane, a (rokkeede) …………………..aawdi.

Remooбe бe (walleede)……………………. tigi e ndema maббe.

On (neldeede)……………………….. …kaalis.

A (ñammineede)…………………….haako e galle mon.

Empasizing:

(Lebbi ɗiɗi gadiiɗi ɗi mi wallaama tigi)

Emphasizing on the noun / complement

Ko Lebbi ɗiɗi gadiiɗi ɗi mballaa-mi tigi.

Emphasizing on the subject pronoun:

Ko miin wallaa tigi lebbi ɗiɗi gadiiɗi ɗi.

Structure: Ko + noun / complement + root + aa + mi / ɗaa / ɗen / ɗon

52
Structure: Ko + noun / complement + o + min + Бe + root +aa

Structure: Ko + emphatic pronoun + root + aa

Practice: Rewrite the following senteces by making an emphasis on the underlined words.

Jonte am ɗiɗi gadiiɗe e Senegal mi toppitaama no feewi.

……………………………………………………………………………
O anndaama no feewi sabu ko o liggotooɗo.
…………………………………………………………………………….
A salmiianama nde njetti-ɗaa nde.
……………………………………………………………………………
Lekki ki roosaama haŋki
……………………………………………………………………………
Cukalel ngel nawaama opitaal gila haŋki.
……………………………………………………………………………

1-Negative Form:

Example: Lebbi ɗiɗi gadiiɗi ɗi, mi wallaaka tigi.

Structure: (Time marker) + Short Subject Pronoun+ root + aaka

Trainees give examples

Practice: Conjugate the verbs between brackets into negative form simple past.

Hannde subaka, miin e sehil am min (yobeede)……………….

Rawane, sardiŋ rewбe бe (toppiteede) ………………no feewi.

Haŋki mi (neleede)………………………bitik.

Jooni, on (anndeede)……………………sabu on Бooyi ɗoo.

En (ñammineede)…………………..maafe.

53
III- PRACTICE

Practice 1: Put the the following verbs in the correct form

Hannde subaka, mi (yihde)………………..neenam ko ɗum waɗi mi (salminde)………............mo.

Alet бennuɗo o, on (fooftaade)………………….. no feewi.

Бe (holleede)…………………… ligeey o.

A (neldeede)…………………kaalis keewɗo.

En (fittude)………………..suudu men haŋki jamma.

Galle am (hirtaade)…………………...maaro e liɗɗi.

Practice 2: Write a paragraph about what you did last summer.

TASK / APPLICATION

Write a paragraph about your first day in your home stay.

54
Part 2: Text: Ko Lauren waɗii ndunngu rawane

Ko waɗi Lauren yahdii e jinnaaбe makko Almaañ rawane? Gila duuбi tati o liggiima kono o fooftaaki
hay seeda. Ko ɗum waɗi Lauren fellitii ƴettude wakaas ndunngu rawane.
Holno o fooftorii toon? Hakke yontere o ɗaaniima no feewi.
Holno o walliraa yihde nokkuuji burɗi waɗde faayida toon? Njaatige makko wallii mo heen no feewi.

I. VOCABULARY:

Exploration of the text:

Example: Gila duuбi tati o liggiima kono o fooftaaki hay seeda.

Yahdude e To go with
Hay seeɗa Even a little bit
fellitde To decide / To make up one’s mind
ƴettude To take
Wakaas Holiday
Fooftoraade The way of resting
Hakke About / for ( for duration)
Wallireede The way of being helped
Nokkuuji Places
Waɗde faayida To be important
Бurde To be more
Njaatige Host family
Heen Of it / from it / some

II- GRAMMAR FOCUS: The interrogative form of the simple past

Interogative Form of the 1st group: -ude / -de

Examples:
Ko waɗi Lauren yahdii e jinnaaбe makko Almaañ rawane?
Ko waɗi min / бe njahdii e jinnaaбe makko Almaañ rawane?
Ko waɗi njahdu- mi / ɗaa / ɗen / ɗon e jinnaaбe makko Almaañ rawane?

Structure: -de Question Word + Root + mi / ɗaa / ɗen / ɗon ?

-ude Question Word + Root + u + mi / ɗaa / ɗen / ɗon ?

Structure: -ude / de Question Word + o / min / бe + Root + ii ?

Trainees give examples

Practice 1: Structured conversation

55
Practice 2: Translate the following sentences into Pulaar.

At what time did you eat yesterday?

………………………………………………………………..?
What did you do last evening?

…………………………………………………………………?
How many bags did you fill?

…………………………………………………………………?
Who sweept your room the day before yesterday?

…………………………………………………………………?
When did you plant the trees?

…………………………………………………………………?

Interogative Form of the 2nd group: -aade

Examples: Holno o fooftorii toon?

Holno min / Бe pooftorii toon?
Holno pooftorii- mi / ɗaa / ɗen / ɗon toon?

Structure ; Question Word + Root + ii + mi / ɗaa / ɗen / ɗon?

Structure ;
Question Word + o / min / Бe + Root + ii?

Trainees give examples

Practice1: Structured conversation

56
Practice 2: Translate the following sentences into Pulaar.

How many times did you shower yesterday?

..........................................................................................?
At what time did he eat breakfast this morning ?
..........................................................................................?
Did they rest a litle bit before dinner yesterday ?

............................................................................................?
When did we (incl.) travel to Senegal?

................................................................................................?
where did they sleep during CIF workshop?

…..............................................................................?

Interrogative Form of the 3rd group: -eede

Examples:
Holno o walliraa yihde nokkuuji burɗi waɗde faayida toon?
Holno min / Бe mballiraa yihde nokkuuji burɗi waɗde faayida toon?
Holno mballiraa-mi / ɗaa / ɗen / ɗon yihde nokkuuji burɗi waɗde faayida toon?

Structure : Question Word + Root + aa + mi / ɗaa / ɗen / ɗon?

Structure :
Question Word + o / min / Бe + Root + aa?

Trainees give examples

Practice1: Structured conversation

Practice1: Translate the following sentences into Pulaar.

When are you called on the phone you and your friend?

…………………………………………………………………………….
How many times are they offered seeds?

…………………………………………………………………………….
When are the farmer helped with their cultivation?

…………………………………………………………………………....
How much money are they sent?

…………………………………………………………………………….
What is done to better help him?

…………………………………………………………………………….

57
III- PRACTICE: Put the following sentences in the interrogative form.

O roosanii on sardine o nde njah- ɗon Cees.

…………………………………………………………………………….
Min toppitiima hoббe бe.

………………………………………………………………………........
Mi ñaagaama kaalis e gallam.

……………………………………………………………………….........
Haŋki en njaabiima naamɗe makko ɗe fof.

……………………………………………………………………….........
Rawane a remii batayse e karoot.

……………………………………………………………………….........
Alhamis бennuɗo o, o yeewtidii e rewбe бe ko faate nafoore
muyningol.
………………………………………………………………………………

TASK / APPLICATION
Interview one member of your community about what he / she did the day before.

58
KSA 2: Siimtude ko neɗɗo woowno waɗde.

Learning Objectives:
By the end of the lesson, each trainee will be able to tell about what he or she used to do using
proper tenses.

Part 1:

Text: Haajuuji Lauren nde o wonno Amerik nde

E Amerik, ñande fof, mi ñawlatno finde wonnoo jippotono-mi ko waktuuji nayi subaka. Caggal nde
pin-mi, mi defanatno hoore am kacitaari. Heen saha, mi yeebatno porogaraam gooto hade am
hirndoyaade. Ko бuri heewde, mi winndeteno imelaaji, kono mi dañataano jot pur janngude ɗi fof.

I. VOCABULARY:

Exploration of the text:

Example: Mi ñawlatno finde.

English Pulaar
Ñawlude To be late in the morning
Defande To cook for someone
Hore + possessives Onself
Yeeбde To watch
Hirndoyaade To go for work / for something in the afternoon
Winndeede To be written (letter/ email etc…)
Imelaaji Email
Dañde To have
Jot Free time

II- GRAMMAR FOCUS: The habitual past

A) Conjugation of the 1st group -de / -ude

Affirmative form:

Example: Ñande fof, mi ñawlatno finde.

Structure: Ssp + root of the verb + atno

Trainees give examples

59
Practice:
Answer to the following questions:

Holno ndañiratno δaa kaalis nde gonno-δaa suka nde?

……………………………………………………………………………….
Hol program tele njeebatno-δaa nde ngonno δaa suka nde?

……………………………………………………………………………….
Hol esport mbaδatno-δaa e Amerik?

……………………………………………………………………………….
Mbele jinnaabe ma in kittuno e ma?

……………………………………………………………………………….
Hol defte njaŋngatno-δaa?
……………………………………………………………………………….

Empasizing:

(ñande fof, mi ñawlatno finde)

Emphasizing on the noun / complement

Ko ñande fof, ñawlatno-mi finde.

Emphasizing on the subject pronoun:

Ko miin ñawlatno finde ñande fof.

Structure: Ko + noun / complement + root + atno + mi / ɗaa / ɗen / ɗon.

Structure: Ko + noun / complement + o + min + Бe + root + atno

Structure: Ko + emphatic pronoun + root + atno

Trainees give examples

60
Pratique: Put an emphasis on the underlined words.

Heen saha, weekend o, mi waɗoyatno espor.

........................................................................................................
Adan, rewБe Бe njarnatno tigguuji maББe hade lebbi jeegom.

……………………………………………………………………………
Aset fof, min njeewtidatno e pelle rewБe Бe ko faate piye maББe.

……………………………………………………………………………
Balɗe sappo e joyi fof, min mbaɗatno set-setal leegal ngal.

……………………………………………………………………………
YimБe fof, njoБatno alamaan, so Бe ngartii.

……………………………………………………………………………

Negative form:

Example: Ñande fof, mi ñawlataano finde.

Structure: Ssp + root of the verb + ataano

Trainees give examples

Practice:
Put the folowing sentences in the negative form.

Nde gonno-δaa Amerik nde a (jaŋngude)…………………..Pulaar.

E amerik, aset fof, min (yahde)………………..restora.

E uniwersite, week end fof, Бe (waδde)…………….espor

Nde mi (yahrude)……………..duuБi sappo e jeegom nde, mi

(yarde)…………. sanngara.

Nde mi (yahde)…………….. Itali nde, mi (finde)……………law.

61
B) Conjugation of the 2nd group -aade

Affirmative form:

Example: Mi jippotono waktuuji nayi subaka.

Structure: Ssp + root of the verb + otono

Trainees give examples

Practice: Put the verbs in brackets in the right tense.

ko Бuri heewde, mi (fooftaade)………………….week-end fof.

Jamma fof, miin e miñam gorko (yahndoyaade)………………..

Бe (ɗannaade)……………… ko heewi sabu liggeey jinnaaБe maББe.

O (toppitaade)………………….sarndiŋ o.

Min (sooɗaade)……………………hade amen ñaamde.

Emphasizing:

(Mi jippotono waktuuji nayi subaka.)

Emphasizing on the noun / complement

Ko waktuuji nayi subaka jippotono-mi.

Emphasizing on the subject pronoun:

Ko miin jippotono waktuuji nayi subaka.

Structure: Ko + noun/ complement + root + otono + mi / ɗaa / ɗen / ɗon.

Structure: Ko + noun / complement + o + min + Бe + root + otono

Structure: Ko + emphatic pronoun + root + otono

Trainees give examples

62
Practice: Rewrite the following sentences by putting an emphasis on the differents elements of the
sentences.

Jamma fof, mi loototono hade am leloyaade.

………………………………………………………………………………….
Heen saha, nene am naamndotono mi ko faate liggeey am.

………………………………………………………………………………….
Nde ngonno mi suka nde, mi ñamlotono jinnaaБe am kaalis.

………………………………………………………………………………….
Ko Бuri heewde, nduŋngu kala miin e jinnaaБe am ɗannotono Farayse.

………………………………………………………………………………….
Ceeɗu fof, miin e sehilaaБe am min njahndototno.

………………………………………………………………………………….

Negative form:

Example: Mi jippotaakono waktuuji nayi subaka.

Structure: Ssp + root of the verb + otaakono

Trainees give examples

Practice:
Make sentences using the following verbs in the negative form. (Make sure using all the pronouns)

Ñaagaade (to ask for)

……………………………………………………………………………….
Safraade (to get healed)

……………………………………………………………………………….
Hirtaade (to have Dinner)

……………………………………………………………………………….
Piŋngaade (To get a shot)

……………………………………………………………………………….
Dulaade (to weed)

……………………………………………………………………………….

63
Naamndaade (to question)

………………………………………………………………………………
Yahndaade (to go for a walk)

………………………………………………………………………………
YoБnaade (to ask for payment)

………………………………………………………………………………

C) Conjugation of the 3rd group –eede

Affirmative form:

Example: Ko бuri heewde, mi winndeteno imelaaji.

Structure: Ssp + root of the verb + eteno

Trainees give examples

Practice: Put the following sentences in the write tense.

Adan, min (toБeede)…………………….. lewru “Mai”.

Ko Бuri heewde, on (noddeede)………………….. “week-end” o.

Saha fof, Бe (rokkeede)…………………comci senegaalnaaБe.

Ñande fof, a (jaŋngineede)…………………ko faate pinal senegaal.

Ko Бuri heewde min (walleede)…………………. e fof.

Balɗe sappo e joy fof, on (totteede)………………… kaalis mon.

Empasizing:

(Ko бuri heewde, mi winndeteno imelaaji.)

Emphasizing on the noun / complement

Ko бuri heewde, ko imelaaji mbinndeteno-mi.

Emphasizing on the subject pronoun:

Ko бuri heewde, ko miin winndeteno imelaaji.

64
Structure: Ko + noun/ complement + root + eteno + mi / ɗaa / ɗen / ɗon.

Structure: Ko + noun / complement + o + min + Бe + root + eteno

Structure: Ko + emphatic pronoun + root + eteno

Trainees give examples

Practice:
Rewrite the following sentences by puting an emphasis on the different elements of the sentences.

Jamma fof, a noddeteno hade ma leloyaade.

……………………………………………………………………………..
Heen saha, Jom bitik o naamndeteno ko faate njeeygu makko.

……………………………………………………………………………..
Nde ngonno mi suka nde, mi roketeno kaalis.

……………………………………………………………………………..
Ko Бuri heewde, min pinndinteteno ko faate nafoore fabiyoŋ.

……………………………………………………………………………..
Saha fof, rewБe grupma o ñamleteno kaalis prose.

……………………………………………………………………………..

Negative form:

Example: Ko бuri heewde, mi winndetaakeno.

Structure: Ssp + root of the verb + etaakeno

Trainees give examples

65
Practice:
Put the folowing sentences in the negative form.

Nde ngon-mi galle baaba, mi (findineede)………………subaka law

Min (wuppaneede)………………………comici am.

Ko Бuri heewde, on (noddeede)………………telefon ñande fof.

O (rokkeede)…………………kaalis lewru fof.

A (toppiteede)……………….e galle mon.

III- PRACTICE

A- Answer the following questions

Adan, holno debbo ameriknaajo waayno?

………………………………………………………………………………
Holko serndi debbo ameriknaajo mo adan e mo hannde o?

………………………………………………………………………………
E cukaagu mon, holno mbadatno-ɗon pur dañde kaalis? Holno

naftortono-don oon kaalis? .................................................................

……………………………………………………………………………….
Holko wayli e fotde worbe Ameriknaabe hannde?

………………………………………………………………………………

B- Paragraph writing
Tell me a story.
Write a typical day in USA.

TASK / APPLICATION

Interview one member of the community asking him/ her what he/she use to do when he/she were
young. (Write down the information)

66
Part 2:

Text: Holko Lauren wadatno e Amerik?

Lauren na yeewtida e jaŋnginoowo makko ko faate Ko o waɗatno e Amerik.

E miijo maa ko mbaɗatno mi e amerik nañde fof?
Kono nde jaŋnginoowo o jaabi, o anndinii mo wonaa ko o sikkuno ko.
O faamnii mo wonde ko buri heewde toon o fooftotaakono ko buri wahtuuji ɗiɗi. Holko o
toppitotono ñalawma o fof? Kala ko faate haajuuji fedde nde ko kanko noddeteno.

I. VOCABULARY:

Exploration of the text:

Example:

Pulaar English
E miijo maa In your opinion / According to you
Wonde (O faamnii mo wonde) That
Yewtiɗde e To chat / discuss with
Teenoyde To go for collecting dead wood
Caggal leydi abroad

II- GRAMMAR FOCUS: The interrogative form of the habitual past

Interrogative form -ude /-de:

Example: No foti laabi njahatno-δaa sardiŋ mon?

Structure Qw + root of the verb + atno + mi / ɗaa /ɗen /ɗon?

Emphasiziging on the noun:

Answer: ko + noun + root of the verb + atno + mi / ɗaa /ɗen /ɗon

Structure Qw + o / min / Бe + root of the verb + atno?

Emphasiziging on the noun:

Answer: Ko+ noun + o / min / Бe + root of the verb + atno

Trainees give examples

67
Practice: Create at least one question with each of the following question words using the first group.

No foti laabi: ………………………………………………………………………..

Holmo: …………………………………………………………………………
Mannde: …………………………………………………………………………
Holko: …………………………………………………………………………
Holto
…………………………………………………………………………

Interrogative form -aade:

Example: Holko o toppitotono ñalawma o fof?

Structure Qw + root of the verb + otono + mi / ɗaa /ɗen /ɗon?

Emphasiziging on the noun:

Answer: ko + noun + root of the verb + otono + mi / ɗaa /ɗen /ɗon

Structure Qw + o / min / Бe + root of the verb + otono?

Emphasiziging on the noun:

Answer: Ko + noun + o / min / Бe + root of the verb + otono?

Trainees give examples

Practice

Write questions corresponding to the underlined words.

Jamma fof, a leloyotono law.

………………………………………………………………………………
Heen saha, mi hirtodotono e sehilaaБe am to restaurant.

………………………………………………………………………………
Week end kala, en njahndoyotono haa nder wuro.

………………………………………………………………………………
Hitaande kala, miñiraabam rewБe ɗannotono caggal leydi.

………………………………………………………………………………

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Interrogative form: -eede

Example: Mannde njoБeteno-ɗaa, nde ngonno-daa Amerik nde.

Structure Qw + root of the verb + eteno + mi / ɗaa /ɗen /ɗon?

Emphasiziging on the noun:

Answer: ko + noun + root of the verb + eteno + mi / ɗaa /ɗen /ɗon

Structure Qw + o / min / Бe + root of the verb +eteno?

Emphasiziging on the noun:

Answer: Ko+ noun + o / min / Бe + root of the verb + eteno

Trainees give examples

Practice: rewrite the following sentences in the correct order.

Jontinooje / post / o / Holmo / e / safreteno / cellal?

…………………………………………………………………………………..
ɗaa / No / Amerik / laaБi / nde / mbinndeteno / ngonno /nde / foti / ɗaa / emelaaji ?

…………………………………………………………………………………..
e / ma / Ko / holko / golle / heewde / toppiteteno / Бuri?

…………………………………………………………………………………..
sifaa / haaldeteno / bagi / Hol / o ?

…………………………………………………………………………………..
Ko / nde / waɗi / yontere / reeneteno / makko / o / adannde?

………………………………………………………………………………..
walleteno / moƴƴiinde / Holmo / mum / kontaabilite?
…………………………………………………………………………………

69
III- PRACTICE

Create questions corresponding to the following statements

…………………………………………………………………….?

Nde o wonno Amerik nde, o yaratno kafe suba fof, hade makko dawde.

……………………………………………………………………….?

E cukaagu am, mi jaŋngineteno laaБal.

……………………………………………………………………….?

Nde Бe njaŋngatno Iniwersite nde, Бe lelotono law.

………………………………………………………………………?

Wakaas fof e seatle, min liggotono e restora.

………………………………………………………………………?

Hade ma arde Senegal, a yahatno fijirde asset kala

70
PCV’s Work
Competency: Describe Peace Corps volunteers’ work.

Learning Objective
By the end of the lesson each trainee will be able to describe in a simple way his/her work as a
volunteer as well as some of his/her personal projects by using the future tense correctly.

CULTURAL NOTES
The concept of “Inchallah”
Inchallah or bu soobee Yalla or bu neexee Yalla, they all mean “God willing”. It’s a common
response to “ba suba” (see you tomorrow) and all assertions about the future. Even, the firmest
arrangements with someone will always have this caveat. The future in Senegal is less certain than in
America, so regardless of how sure you are that you will do something, people generally add
“inchallah,” for good measure. So don’t take as a lie or n unwillingness as some may tend to interpret
it. For example, someone may fully intend to come to a meeting or to have lunch with you, but if
something comes up that is out of his immediate control (like rain or illness), he won’t be able to
make it. Therefore, he will say, “I’ll be there, inchallah,” to account for the unforeseen.

In this lesson
Vocabulary
Grammar:
Future tense
The time markers of the future
Review of Hypotheticals
Minimals

71
Part 3:

Text: Haalde ko faate liggeey wolonteer o?

(Describe Peace Corps volonter s work)

Mbiyete mi ko Kris, ko mi wolonteer Corps de la Paix e bange ndema teeru. Corps de la Paix ko
fedde goomu laamu Amerik. So mi gayni heblo am ngo ma mi yah wuram e maa mi won toon duubi
didi inshalla. Toon, hadam fuddaade gollam ma mi kontin njangude Pulaar, aada e cosaan
fuutankoobe. Ma mi naatondir e yimbe wuro ngo, so dum benni maa mi etto anndude sohlaaji yimbe
be. Caggal lebbi didi, maa mi rutto Cees sabu maa min keble gongol ko faate karallaagala.

I. VOCABULARY:

Exploration of the text:

Example: Ma mi naatondir e yimbe wuro ngo.

Pulaar English
Fedde Association
Goomu Organization
Laamu Government
Heblo Test
Naatondirde To integrare
Ettaade To try
Sohlaaji Needs
Ruttaade To go back

Future tense time markers

Pulaar English
Jango
Baawo jango
Day of the week + garoowo
Yontere aroore nde
Lewru arooru ndu
Hitaande aroore nde
So booyi

II- GRAMMAR FOCUS: The Future tense

Affirmative form -ude /-de:

Example: Ma mi naatondir e yimbe wuro ngo.

Ma mi janngu Pulaar.

Structure Maa + ssp + root + u / ø

72
Trainees give examples

Affirmative form -aade:

Example: So dum benni maa mi etto anndude sohlaaji yimbe be.

Structure Maa + ssp + root + o

Trainees give examples

Affirmative form -eede:

Example: Maa mi rutto Cees sabu maa min keble gonngol ko faate karallaagala.

Structure Maa + ssp + root + e

Trainees give examples

Note: To make the future negative form, we use the present tense negative form.

Example: Janngo, ma mi janngu Pulaar.

Janngo, mi janngataa Pulaar.

Practice; Answer the following questions

Holko mbadata janngo ?

Holko mbadaton son ndañi wuro mon ?
So gasi holko mbadata?
Holko mbadata lebi tati gadani di?
Mbele jinaabe maa maa ngar yeewde maa ?
Saa gayni Corps de la Paix, ko mbadata

C) Hypothetical : With « So »

« So » means when and if in the future, we use to express hypothetical actions.

Examaple: So mi yahii Thies, maa mi sood bagi.
So mi daniino kaalis mi soodatno galle
So neddo sellaani yo o yah opital (generality)

Structure : So + SSP + Past tense → SSP + Future tense

Trainees give examples

73
Structure : So + SSP + Habitual Past tense → H abitual Past tense

Trainees give examples

Structure : So + SSP + Present tense → SSP + Present tense

Trainees give examples

Practice; Translated the following sentences

Which program of tv were you watching when you were young

What did you use to do every week end when you were in USA
How were they using there free time
Formaly what were the role and the responsibility of American woman
Which sport was she practicing when she was at high school

PRACTICE

Stoppping Point

Traduction : Translate in Pulaar

When you use a mosquito net to sleep, it’ll help you to avoid malaria because the mosquitoes will not
bite you.

When I finish the training, I’ll not have enough knowledge to solve the problems in my community
but if I go for IST, I will learn enough techniques and I hope that it will help me in my work.

If the women have enough water and lot of tools, they will grow a lot and that will help them to
increase their income. But they will need to know how to manage.

If I don’t have enough money, I’ll not be able to come early because I have no money right now.
If the volunteers do not have what they need, they will not do their job as it should be

When my service at Peace Corps is over, I’ll travel a lot before I go back home.

When I go back to my village, I’ll gather people to talk about what I intend to do.

If I have a project with my community, I’ll talk to my APCD to have funds because Peace Corps
gives us lot of money.

Every night, when we finish diner, we drink tea.

Pass by the regional house to bring our package when you are coming back to the site.

74
Micro au futur
No njiru-daa Amerik doo e duubi noogaas?
Mbele ada sikki jam maa wood e proche- Orient
Holno miiji- don Senegal wayata doo e duubi cappan tati

TASK / APPLICATION
Sur la base de votre project Plan expliquer de facon detaillee votre travail de volontaire.
Paragraphe pour parler de vos projets personnels

Write a paragraph talking about your two first month after install at your permanent site.

Points couvets
Habitual passe ,
Emphasizing,
asking questions
Hypothetical

Practice ,

75
Compentence 3: Soodde
(Shopping)

In this competency:

1. CULTURAL NOTES
2. VOCABULARY
Shopping vocabulary
Local currency
3. GRAMMAR FOCUS
Nominal classes (articles)
Direct object pronouns
Indirect object pronouns
4. PRACTICE
5. APPLICATION/ TASK

CULTURAL NOTES
How to bargain :
Trainees should become familiar with the senegalese method of bargaining. When you are
quoted a starting price that is higher than normal, don’t get angry and assume the vendor is
trying to rip off you. Try to get the cheapest price possible by :
Before the bargain starts it is good for you to know what the item is supposed to cost and
what its worth to you.
Walking away is one of the surest to check if the vendor can’t come down any further. Check
the prices of different vendors.
Be aware of when bargaining is appropriate and when it’s not.
Don’t start bargaining unless you are serious about buying
Go shopping with a HCN and see how it works. Take it easy. Make it friendly and fun, it
doesn’t need to be adversial
When to bargain
You must bargain for things but not for everything. However, if you feel you are charged
with a price you think is too high, you can always try to bring it down, or look elsewhere.
Most items in the market are usually bargainable. Things in shops usually have fixed prices.
Cooked foods are not often bargainable.
Tourists’ things and handcrafts always need to be bargained. You also need to bargain for
people’s service. In the market, shops, you can’t make returns or exchanges. You may be
confused with the local currency system, since it is different to the counting.

76
KSA 1: Kaalis, kaake e beto
(Local currency and measures)

Learning Objectives:
By the end of the lesson, each trainee will be able to use the local currency, identify some products,
be able to buy them in an appropriate cultural way and use correctly the grammar structures.

Part 1: Using some nouns with the classes

VOCABULARY:
Questions:
On meedi yahde jeere?
Holko cood don toon?
Hol goddum neddo waawi soodde jeere

The LCF complete the list of vocabulary after having written the list of vocabulary listed by the
Trainees.

Examples:

Pulaar English
Biббe leɗɗe fruit
Mango Mango
limoŋ lemoŋ
karasol Sour sop
Oraas Orange
papaya pawpaw
Ňaamdu food
Meew Milk
Maaro Rice
Nebam Oil
Lamɗam Salt
Njuumri honney
Nebam hoore Hair oil
Lati Perfume
Kaarite Butter shea
Kerem Бanndu Body lotion
puudar powder
Sewo sewo vegetable
jahatu bitter tomato
faataata Sweet potato
Follere Hibiscus
Suppome Cabbage
Njuumri Honey
Practice: Name at least three items you bought at the market

77
GRAMMAR:
In pulaar we have 27 nominal classes (articles). There is no specific rules for their uses in general.
Note:
In pulaar the article comes after the noun while it’s the opposite in English. The more you practice
them, the more you become familiar with them.

Chart of some articles:

Pulaar English
O class (is used for human being) and foreign words
Dam class (used for liquid and abstract words)
Ngel (in some context it can be used for dimitive)
Ki class (mostly use for trees) and singular words ending by i
Ngo class
Ndu class
The
Ka class
Ko class
Ngu class
Ɓe class (is used for human being plural)
Ɗe class ( is used for plural words ending by e)
Ɗi class (is used for plural words ending by i)

Some examples:

Pulaar English
Debbo o ,welo o The woman; the bike
Ndiyam Dam; nguurdam dam The water; the life
Cukalel Ngel; koyel ngel The small child; the small head
Suudu Ndu; sonndu ndu The room; the bird
Wuro Ngo; jawo ngo The village; the bracelet
lekki ki; labi ki the tree; the knife
Laana ka; haala ka The board; the floor
Ɓe class (is used for human being plural) Worbe be;rewbe be (the men; the women)
Ɗe class ( is used for plural words ending by e) Gese de (the fields);
Ɗi class (is used for plural words ending by i) Wolonteeruuji di (the volunteers); Saakuuji di
(the bags)

78
PRATIQUE : Match the words to the class nominals:

Leggel a. ki
Lamɗam b. бe
Oto c. ka
Sukaabe d. ɗi
Leɗɗe e. o
Lujumaaji f. ɗe
Fetel g. ngel
Kaala h. o
Henndu i. ngo
Puccu j. ɗam
Mangoowi k. ngu
Maayo l. ndu

TASK / APPLICATION
With the help of your family bring at least three articles and share with your peers

79
Part 2: Soodde bagi (Buying a fabric)

Dialogue1:
In this dialogue, PCV Lauren is getting ready for tabaski, a religious ceremonie, she is buying fabric
for her outfit

Pulaar English
Lauren: Asalaamu aleykum. Peace be upon you.
Jeeyoowo: Maalekum salaam. Peace be upon you.
L: Aɗa jogi bagi/tisi? Do you have fabric?

J: Eey, bagi no woodi. Yes i do.

L: Hol sifa bagi njogi ɗaa? What king of fabric do you have?
J: Wax,mbasaŋ fof ne woodi Vax, basin and all the other types of
fabric
L: Yeeyam meetaruuji 3 mbasaŋ e Sell me 3 meetres of basin and 1 of
meeteer gooto boroode? brode?
J : Eeyoo moƴ ƴ i Ok thank you

VOCABULARY

Bagiiji / tisiiji fabrics

Bagi / tisi Fabric
Wax Vax
Mbasaŋ riis/ billahi Basin rich/ billahi
Borode borode

Additional vocabulary:
Waal
Cuub Tie dye
Jesneer getznere
Meyluus
Wax hitaget wax hitaget
Meter Meter
Yaar Less than 1 meter
Sifa Type

Pratique: Distribute different types of fabric to trainees and ask them to ask questions among
themselves to identify the fabric of their peers (encougage them to answer buy using a full sentence)

80
Example :
Trainee 1 trainee 2 : ada jogi mbasaŋ ?
Trainee 2 : alaa, mi alaa mbasaŋ kono mbiɗo jogi wax
etaget
Trainee 2 trainee 3 : Borode no woodi ?
Trainee 3 trainee 2 : Eey borode sinpal no woodi, borode mari gueye no
woodi :

GRAMMAR FOCUS : direct object pronouns

Example : yeeyam meetaruuji 3 mbasaŋ?

Neenam soodanii Fatimata bagi neenam soodanii kam bagi

Lcf (indexant un stagiaire) Sakhir rokkii (nom du stagiaire) kaye e bik Sakhir rokkii ma kaye e bik
Mi tottii Regina numero maa Mi tottii mo nimero maa
Doktoor Pamela pinngii miin e kalaas a doktoor Pamela pinngii min haŋki
Lcf parlant à un stagiaire Ceril neldii miin e (nom du stagiaire) rapport Ceril neldii en rapport
Baabam o remanii aan e galle maa ngesa mbaa baabam remanii on ngesa mba
Ñannde fof o salminat yimбe бe Ñannde fof o salminat be

Chart of direct object pronouns

Pulaar English
Singular Plural
Am/kam/mi (me) Min excl/ en incl (us)
Ma (you) On (you all)
Mo (him/ her) Бe (them)

Practice1 Trainees give examples

Notion de quantity:
Yeeyam meetaruuji tati mbasin
Lcf enseigne les autres notions de quantité.

Examples: kilo, pot, saam, habbere etc…

Pulaar English
Paket Box of …
Liibar Half kilo
Haббere A bot of…
Mbuus Plastic bag …
Saak Bag
Walaat ¼ of liter

81
Practice 2: give at least two examples with each notion of quqntity

IV TASK / APPLICATION:

Translate these following sentences

Every year he gives two kilo of seeds to each farmer.
He informed me about the meeting.
Your mom often send you a package.
The village chief gives us good ideas about agriculture.
The community asked him how to make a compost.
She explained you all the village issues.
She told her why she is not coming.
He tries to sell you six meters.
He bought one packet.

Write your own dialogue and practice with your peers

82
Part 3: Kaalis (Money)

Dialogue 2: Lauren e jeeyoowo o (suite)

Lauren is buying fabric at the market with her sister Awa.

Basic greetings English

Lauren: Asalaamu aleykum. Peace be upon you.
jeeyoowo: Maalekum salaam. Peace be upon you.
L: No foti meetar mbasin jarata? How much does the metar of fabric cost?
J: Meetar mbasaŋ jarata ko teemedde the metar of bazaŋ the cost 4000 cfa
jeetati
L: Lauren talking to her sister awa: A Did you hear what she said?
nanii koo wih ko:
A: haaldu e makko Discuss the price with him
L: ii jam! ustu, heewii Hoo! it’s a lot, lower it
J: Addu teemedde jeegom Pay 3000 cfa
L: Yeeyam meeteruuji tati Sell me three meters
J: Ndaa weccet maa e bagi maa Here is your change and your fabric

VOCABULARY:

The LCF teaches the local currency.

Example: Meeteer mbasaŋ jarata ko 4.000f

Mbuudu buudi didi buudi joyi buudi sappo

buudi nogaas cappande nayi teemeedere

83
 Teemedere Teemedde didi

Teemedde nayi Ujunere

Ujunaaji didi

Practice1: LCF writes and makes the trainees read these amounts at the board.

475f; 845f; 1295; 2650; 6675; 13950;

Practice2: give some money to trainees and let them practice
Example:
Trainee1 trainee2: no foti kaalis njogi daa?
Trainee 2 trainee 1: njogii mi ko ….
Trainee 3 trainee 2: Holko mbaaw daa sodde e ….
Trainee 2: mbido waawi sodde … e…

GRAMMAR FOCUS: The indirect object pronouns

Example: Haaldu e makko

-Lcf review possessive adjectives and tell to the trainees that in pulaar possessive adjectives and
indirect object pronouns are the same

-Lcf asks trainees to fill up the chart.

Note: for the use of indirect object pronoun you have to use e in front of the pronoun
Example: Alassane arii e ma haŋki.
Trainees give examples.

84
Some verbs using indirect object pronouns
Pulaar English
Wottodaade To eat lunch with
Haaldude To talk to
Liggodaade To work with
Yahdude To go with
Yewtidde To discuss with

Practice

Insererla pratique
TASK / APPLICATION:
With your peers or one member of your family go and buy some items at the market

85
KSA : Danngal (Transportation)

Competency: naftoraade otooji di

(Using local transportation)
In this competency:
CULTURAL NOTES
VOCABULARY
GRAMMAR FOCUS
PRACTICE
APPLICATION/TASK

unit: yahde garas e waawde hebtinde otooji di

(getting to the garage and identify the available means of transportation)

Learning objectives : By the end of this lesson each trainee will be able to find public transport
to a specific place and negotiate a fair price.

CULTURAL NOTES
Sarite or travel gifts
Bargaining in transportation (bags)
Being aware of your staff when people are getting off
Vocabulaire:

Wotiir Dakar dem dikk 7 palaas

Kaar rappid Ndiaga ndiaye Tata

86
 Taxi Buus

Expression to negociate a price:

Dialogue: hannde Lauren yahat Dakar omo ni gaaraas, kedoden yewtere lauren e Samba kokser
/melanga o

Lauren: assalaa maalekum Peace on you

Samba: maale kum salam Peace on you
L: to otooji Dakar dii ngoni? Where’re dakar’s car
S: otooji Dakar di nani They’re here
L: paas o no foti? How much is the ticket
S:paas o ko teemed tati e teemedere pur The ticket is 1500 and 500 for the bag
saak ma o
L: ngel doo saakiyel teemedere!!! This little bag 500!!!
S: awa yob capande jeegoom Ok pay,300
L: ko cappende joyi mbaaw mi I can pay 250
S: eey moyyi jol It’s ok, take a seat

Vocabulary:
Pulaar English
Oto Car
Otooji Cars
Paas The ticket
Saakiyel A little bag
Awa Ok
Jolde To take a seat

Extra vocabulaire:

Pulaar English
Jippinam doo/ rokkam doo Let me get off the car here
Puus seeda Move a little bit
Tellin weer maa o seeda Can you put down the glass please

NB: make sure that you take your bag when your’re getting off
Practice: identify the following cars and give at least two informations you learn about them
Application
Practice: write your own dialogue and do the role play with your peers in front of the clas

87
Housing and Household Items
Competency: Sifaade taarinnde mum
(Describe one’s environment)

Learning objectives:
By the end of the lesson, each trainee will be able to identify, locate and describe at least three items
for each room to borrow and lend household items.

CULTURAL NOTES
In general in senagal rooms, toilets and kitchens are in the same building, for instance you may find
the sleeping rooms one another
However you can also find many people sharing one room and generally there is no living room.
That is the reason why people receive their guest or hangout in ther sleeping room.
Senegales culture is very rooted into sharing, giving and borrowing.sometimes borrowing a small
amout of money means offering (never expect to be paid back). In addition to that a family member
(neighbers are part of family members) can take someone’s staff (flip flap, bucket, etc…) without
asking permission. You may experience someone acting so but give what you can lose.
All these behaviors are dicted by deep values, meaning solidarity, keeping the harmony and the
family balance.

88
KSA 1 waawde sifaade hodande mum
(Ask and answer questions about rooms in a house.)

In this competency:

CULTURAL NOTES
a.vocabulary
b. How to ask and locate things.
B. GRAMMAR FOCUS
a. Prepositions
b. Descriptive adjectives,

C.PRACTICE
APPLICATION/ TASK

Texte: Galle Barack

Barack hodi ko galle jom wuro. Galle mabbe ne yaaji, ne yeewti: ina wadi cuudi joyi, waaň, tarorde e
dinngiral. E hakkunde galle o na wadi mangorooki e caaleeje didi. E nder waaň hee na wadi barmeeje
e booluuji. Taaroorde nde ne wadi siwo gooto, pot gooto e pittirde. Barack ne jogi leeso taabal e siis
nder suudu makko.

Vocabulary:
Pulaar English
Yaajde To be wide
Yeewtude To be lively
Caaleeje Shelters
Mangooki Mango tree
Dinngiral Yard
Waaň Kitchen
Barmeeje Pot
Booluuji Bowls
Pittirde Broom
Leeso Mat

Additional vocab:
Dadudi Bed
Gaflaw/lemme Pillow
Boros Brush
Jigeyel /lahal sabunnde Soap pot
darorgal Mirror

Practice vocabulairy: pictionnary or charade

Prepositons:
E hakkunde galle o ne wadi mangoorooki.

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Chart of preposition
Pulaar English
Sara Next to
hakkunde between
Nder In
Caggal Behind
Dow Above
Less Under
Boowal Outside

Practice: Write the closest Pulaar equivalent to the following sentences.

Houssey’s shoes are under the bed?

My dad is not downstairs, he’s upstairs.
The mosque is between the garage and the primary school.
The bucket is in the room.
Kids are under the tree, they are playing.

My mum is outside, she is participating in the community cleaning.

Grammar: description adjectives:

Galle Barack ne yaaji

Structure: subject + ne +root of the verb + i

Practice1: trainees give examples

Additional adjectives: a revoir

Pulaar English
Yoodde To be nice
Yaawde To be fast
Juutde To be long
Faadde To be tight
Rabbidde To be short
Famndude To be small
Soofde To be ugly

Practice2: write a paragraph to describe your CBT room

90
Practice:

Write a sentence or two for each of the following pictures, describing the relative positions of the
things.

91
KSA 2: Borrowing and lending household objects.
(lubaade e lubde)
In this KSA:
Vocabulary
Expressions for borrowing household items
Grammar: Imperative

Dialogue: In this dialogue, PCV Lauren is getting ready for her first meeting in her community let’s
listen her discussion with Aissata a neighbor.

Lauren : - Aissata mbad daa?

Aissata : - jam tan?
L: - lubam daago pur hobbam be
A: - yaa suudam, daago ngo nani toon.
L: - A jaaraama !
A: - ko enen ndenndi.

LCF read the dialogue twice

Vocabulary:

Pulaar English
Lubde To lend
lubaade To borrow
Daago Mat
Hobbe guest

Additional vocabulary:

PULAAR ENGLISH
Koddo Guest
Ňamlude To lend
Ňamlaade To borrow
Ruttude To return
Yobde To pay

Imperative tense
Conjugation of the 1st group -ude / -de

de verb
Affirmative form:
Examples: lub am daago
Yah suudam

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NB: with imperative tense we always use am

Group Person example

1st (you sing) lub
de 2nd (us) luben
3rd (you all) lubee

Trainees give examples:

de negative form:
Example: woto lub mo daago

Group Person example

1st (you sing) Woto/oto lub
-de 2nd (us) Woto/oto luben
3rd (you all) Woto/oto lubee

ude verb
Affirmative form:
Example: ňamlu mo kaalis

Group Person example

1st (you sing) ňamlu
-de 2nd (us) ňamlen
3rd (you all) ňamlee

Trainees give examples

De negative form:
Example: woto ňamlu mo kaalis

Group Person example

1st (you sing) Woto/ ňamlu
-ude 2nd (us) Woto/oto ňamlen
3rd (you all) Woto/oto ňamlee

Trainees give examples.

Practice: transform the following sentences in the negative form

kollen mo laawol ngol

Ruttu jalo ngo
Njahee to sardine
ittu hudo bonko ko
Loren hannde kikide
Ngaawee ngesa ba fof

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C) Conjugation of the 2nd group -aade
Affirmative form:
Example: lubo mo labi

Group Person example

1st (you sing) lubo
-aade 2nd (us) luboden
3rd (you all) lubodee

Trainees give examples

aade negative form:

Example: woto lubo mo labi

Group Person example

1st (you sing) Woto/oto lubo
-de 2nd (us) Woto/oto luboden
3rd (you all) Woto/oto lubodee

Trainees give examples:

Practice this dialogue with your peers and swetch the role.
Translate the following sentences in English
1.distribute(you sing) the seeds to the whole community
2.don’t throw the papers here
3.let’s water the garden early in the morning
4.don’t drink(you all) tea in the evening
5.wash your hands before eating
6.don’t sleep late, you have class every day

94
K.S.A. Haalde ko faate golle mum teknik
In this KSA
Unit: janngude no kompost fewnirte
Part 1: gathering the materiau
Learning Objective
By the end of the lesson each trainee will be able to explain and transfer the knowledge and technical
skills relevant to composting.

Vocabulary :
A : materiaux
Pulaar English
Kobi joordi Dry leaves
Hudu yoorko Dry grasse
Kobi kecci Fresh leaves
Hudo hecco Fresh grasse
Fiime/ jaañe Manure
Conndi yulbe Charcoal powder
Ndoondi Wood ache
Saak gasdo Empty bag

B / tools :
Pulaar English
Roosuwaar Water can
Peel Shovel
Peel kaare Square shovel
Pikk Pick
Бoggol Rope
Burweet Wheelbarrow
Legal Stick
Betirgal Measure
maarto Hammer
Lekkon Small stick

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Practice1: ask trainees to gather the materiau with the help of one member of your family
Note: make sure that you revem the following expressions
to mbaaw mi daňde (ndoondi)?
No saak gasdo heborto? Etc…
Part2: steps for composting
:Additional vocab releated to composting steps:
Pulaar English
Renndinde To gather/to collect
Nokku A place
Subaade To choose
battaade To be close to
Ngaska A hole
Asde To dig
Lugidde To be deep
Jowre A pile
Fonndude To level
Application: mbinndee paragraph e kaalee no compost fewnirtee

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B: WADDE SARDIŊ
(Gardening)

Learning Objective;
By the end of the lesson each trainee will be able to explain and transfer the knowledge and technical
skills relevant to gardening

Vocabulary :
Part 1 : seeds and tools
A / sewosewooji ndemeteedi ceedu :

Pulaar English
Batayse Eggplant
buudi gourd
Supome Cabbage
Soble / basalle Onion
Nawe Turnip
Kañỳe Okra
Salaat Latuce
Persi Persil
Tamaate Tomato
Sewosewoji jogaadi Available vegetables
Kaani salaat Green pepper
Kaani/ ñomoko Hot pepper

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B. tools :
Pulaar English
Paan / beñuwaar Big bucket
Jalo hoe
Bale njamndi
fuurs
Rato rake

C / sewosewooji ndemeteedi nduŋgu :

Pulaar English
Follere Hibiscus
Dene ŋaale Water melon
Puloongu Cassava
Buudi Gourd
Kaani / ñamoko Hot pepper
Kañje Okra
Batayse Egglant
Salaat Lettuce
Persi Persil
Karoot Carot
Tamaate Tomato

Part2: steps for gardeniŋ (no sardiŋ moyyo fewnirte)

A/ Useful verbs for gardening steps:
Pulaar English

Ỳeewde To look

Naftoraade To use

Hebde To reach

Бetde To measure

Jillondirde To mix

Tellaade To be flat

Muurirde To cover with

Debbaade To stagnate

Aawde To seed

Lorde

Fudde

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B/ Useful nouns for gardening steps:
Pulaar English
palaŋuuji di
juuteedi ndi
Feccere
Santimeeteruuji
Palan
Literuuji
Leyndi
Saraaji
Woddondirgol
Ndemanteeri
Lordi
Buubri
fudde.

Practice: mbindee paragaraaf e kaalee holno sardiŋ wadirte

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Talk about pcv’s work
Competency: describe and answer questions about peace corps
(Haalde ko faate liggey wolonteer o)
In this competency ;
CULTURAL NOTES
VOCABULARY
GRAMMAR FOCUS : *future tense with maa
PRACTICE
APPLICATION

Learning objectives: : by the end of the lesson the trainee will be able to describe in a simple way
his/ her work as a volonteer as well as some of h is/her personal projects by using the future
tense correctly.
CULTURAL NOTES
The future in Senegal is less certain than in America, so regardless of how sure you are that you will
do something, people generally add “inchallah,” which means if God willing, for good measure. For
example, someone may fully intend to come to a meeting or to have lunch with you, but if
something comes up that is out of his immediate control (like rain or illness), he won’t be able to
make it. Therefore, he will say, “I’ll be there, inchallah,” to account for the unforeseen.

Text: Lauren

Mbiyetee mi ko Lauren, ko mi wolonteer e koor de la pee e porogaraam ndema. Koor de la pee ko

goomu laamu amerik. Caggal heblo am, maa mi yah Njum ko toon liggotoo mi kono e nder lebbi tati
gadiiidi di, maa mi jokku janndam pulaar e maa mi eto anndude cadeele wuro ngo.
Maa mi hollee mawbe wuro ngo e kadi maa mi naatondir e yimbe wuram.

Vocabulary:
Pulaar English
Goomu Organization
Laamu Government
Heblo Training
Jokkude To continue
Naatondirde To integrate
Etaade To try

Additional vocab:
Pulaar English
Fedde Group
Gurupma gurupma
ASC ASC
Bamtaare development
Beydude To increase

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GRAMMAR FOCUS: Future Tense with maa
Future time markers
Example: caggal heblo am maa mi yah Njum

Pulaar english
Caggal heblo am After training
Bawo janngo The day after tomorrow
Lewru fahndu/ arooru Next month
Yontere fahnde/ aroore Next wee
Lebbi….gadiidi First…….month

1st group:
With de verb:
Examples: * caggal heblo am maa mi yah Njum

STRUTURE: Maa + SSP +root of the verb

With ude verb:

Example: * Maa mi jokku janndam pulaar

STRUCTURE: MAA + SSP + ROOT OF THE VERB + U

Practice 1: trainees give examples

NOTE: for the negation we use the same form than PHT

2nd group verb: aade

Maa mi eto anndude cadeele wuro ngo

Structure: Maa + ssp + root of the verb + o

Trainees give examples:

3nd group verb: eede:

Examples: Maa mi hollee mawbe wuro ngo

Structure: Maa + ssp + root of the verb +ee

Trainees give examples:

Practice:

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 APPENDIXES

GRAMMAR
PRONOUNS
VERBS
PRESENT TENSE
PAST TENSE
THE WORD « KO » in Pulaar
THE IMPERATIVE TENSE
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
THE FUTURE TENSE
VERB EXTENSIONS

VOCABULARY
SOME PULAAR VERBS
TECHINICAL VOCABULARY (AG - AGFO – UAG)
TOOLS RELATED TO AG, AGFO, UAG
TECHINICAL VOCABULARY (HEALTH)
TOOLS AND STRUCTURES (HEALTH)
DIRECTIONS AND TRANSPORT
SHOPPING
WEATHER / TIME / DATE
CEREMONIES
HEALTH / EMOTIONS
USEFUL PHRASES

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VERBS
A verb is a word that signifies an action, occurrence, state of being, or condition.

There are tree group of verbs in Pulaar:

1. The 1st group: verbs ending with –ude / -de which are in general active.
Example: arde (to come) - jaŋngude (to learn)

2. The 2nd group: verbs ending with –aade which are usually translated in English
or French by reflexive.
Example: lootaade (to take a shower) - sooδaade (to hwash one‟s hands)

3. The 3rd group: verbs ending with –eede which are in general passive.
Example: yobeede (to be payed) walleede (to be helped)

The Pulaar as most African languages have an aspectual perception of the notion of
tenses. As such, we have two main aspects:

1. The accomplished aspect (stands for past tense in English)

2. The unacomplised aspect (stands for present progressive form and future tense
in English. It‟s considered as present of habit (habitual) tense too.

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THE PRESENT TENSE
1st group verbs: Finde (To wake up)

Affirmative

Singular Plural

1st Mi finat Min / en pinat

2nd A finat On pinat

3rd O finat Бe pinat

Short subject pronoun (SSP) + root + at

Negative

Singular Plural

1st Mi finataa Min / en pinataa

2nd A finataa On pinataa

3rd O finataa Бe pinataa

Short Subject Pronoun + root + ataa

Examples:

Subaka kala mi finat law. (Affirmative)

Subaka kala mi yahataa law kalaas. (Negative)
O janngat pulaar jamma kala.
O janngataa Jolfe jammma kala.
Note: when we have «ko» (emphasis) or question words, the subjects mi, a, en, and on
are postposed and become min, at-aa, at-en, and at-on.

Examples:

Holko njanngat-mi? What do I study?

Ko pulaar njanngat-aa. You study Pulaar.

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Question word + Root + at-mi / ata / aten / aton?

Ko + noun + Root + at-mi / ata / aten / aton

Question words+ o / min / Бe + Root + ata

Ko + noun + o / min / Бe + Root + ata

Note: The short pronouns o, min, and Бe are always before verb.

Examples:

O janngata? Where does s/he study?

Ko Dakaar o janngata. S/he studies in Dakar.

2nd group Verbs: Lootaade (to wash oneself)

Affirmative

Singular Plural

1st Mi loototo Min / en loototo

2nd A loototo On loototo

3rd O loototo Ɓe loototo

Short Subject Pronoun + root + oto

Examples:

Subaka kala o loototo laaБi δiδi. Every morning he showers twice.

Mi fooftoto hade bottaari. I rest before lunch.

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Negative

Singular Plural

1st Mi loototaako Min / en loototaako

2nd A loototaako On loototaako

3rd O loototaako Ɓe loototaako

Short Subject Pronoun + root + otaako

Examples:

Subaka kala o loototaako laaБi tati. Every morning he does not shower three times.
Mi fooftotaako hade hiraande. I don’t rest before dinner.
Ɓe ngottotaako law ñalnde aljuma. They don’t eat lunch early on Fridays.
Note: when we have «ko» (emphasis) or question words, the subject pronouns mi, a,
en, and on are postposed and become min, δaa, δen, and δon.

Examples:

Holto pooftoto-δaa? Where do you rest?

Ko galle amen pooftoto-mi? I rest in our house.

No foti laaБi loototo-δaa? How many times do you shower?

Ko laawol gootol loototo-mi. I shower once.

Question Word + Root + oto + mi / δaa / δen / δon?

Ko + noun + Root + oto + mi / δaa / δen / δon

Question word + o / min / Бe + Root + oto?

Ko + noun + o / min / Бe + Root + oto.

Note: The short pronouns o, min, and Бe are always before the verb.

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3rd group Verbs: noddeede (to be called)

Affirmative

Singular Plural

1st Mi noddete Min / en noddete

2nd A noddete On noddete

3rd O noddete Ɓe noddete

Short Subject Pronoun + Root + ete

Examples:

Alarba kala o noddete telefon laaБi nayi. Every Wednesday s/he is called four times.
A yoБete lewru kala. You get paid every month.
Ɓe neldete paketuuji nalnde kala. They are sent pakages every day.

Negative

Singular Plural

1st Mi noddetaake Min / en noddetaake

2nd A noddetaake On noddetaake

3rd O noddetaake Ɓe noddetaake

Short subject Pronoun + Root+ etaake

Examples:

Jamma kala o noddetaake hiraande. Every night s/he is not called for dinner.
Mi yoБetaake yontere kala. I am not paid every week.

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Note: when we have «ko» (emphasis) or question words, the subject pronouns mi, a,
en, and on are postposed and become min, δaa, δen, and δon.

Examples:

Holto njoБete-δaa? Where do you get paid?

Ko Bank njoБete-mi? I get paid at the bank.
Mannde njoБete-δaa? When do you get paid?
Ko lewru kala njoБete-mi. I get paid every month.

Question word + Root + ete + mi / δaa/ δen / δon?

Ko + noun + Root + ete + mi / δaa / δen / δon.

Question word + o / min / Бe + Root + ete?

Ko + noun + o / min / Бe + Root + ete.

Note: The short pronouns o, min, and Бe are always before the verb.

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THE PAST TENSE
1st group (action) verbs

Affirmative

Time marker + Short Subject Pronoun+ root + i

Examples:
Jooni o woowii galle o. Now s/he is familiar with the house.
Haŋki bottaari, mi ñaamii teewu. Yesterday at lunch I ate meat.
Aset jawtuδo o, on kaaldii e sehilaaбe mon. Last Saturday, you guys talked to your friend.
Lewru yawtundu ndu, бe coodii paδe to jeere. Last month they bought shoes at the market.

Negative

Time marker + Short Subject Pronoun + root + aani

Examples:
Hecci haŋki mi ñaamaani teew. The day before yesterday, I didn’t eat meat.
Hannde subaka a yaraani kafe. Today in the morning you didn’t drink coffee

Asking questions in Past tense and answering with “ko”.

1st Group verbs:

de: Question Word + Root + mi / δaa / δen / δon?

ude: Question Word + Root + u + mi / δaa / δen / δon?

Examples:

Holko ñaam-δaa naane? What did you eat a while ago?

Holto njah-δen? Where did we (inclusive) go last week?
Holko njangu-δen haŋki? What did we study yesterday?
Holnde ngar-mi? When did I come?

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 de: Ko + Noun + Root + mi / δaa / δen / δon.
ude: Ko + Noun + Root + u + mi / δaa / δen / δon.

Examples:
Ko maaro ñaam-mi naane. It’s rice I ate a while ago.

Ko Ndioum njah-δen rawane. It’s Ndioum (where) we went to last year.

Ko Pulaar njaŋngu-δen haŋki. It’s Pulaar we (inclusive) studied yesterday.

Ko hecci haŋki ngar-δaa. It’s the day before yesterday that you came.

- Question Word + o / min / Бe + Root + i?

Examples:

Holto o yahii haŋki kikiiδe? Where did s/he go yesterday afternoon?

Mannde Бe ngarti? When did they come back?

- Ko + Noun + o / min / Бe + Root + i.

Example:

Ko Dakar o yahi haŋki kikiiδe. It’s Dakar s/he went yesterday afternoon.

Ko tiisbaar Бe ngarti. It’s at 2 o’clock that they came back.

2nd group verbs: aade

Question Word + Root + ii + mi / δaa / δen / δon?

Examples:
Ko waδi Бuftii-δaa? Why did you take a shower?
Holnde leloyii-δen haŋki jamma? When did we (inclusive) go to bed last night?

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Ko + Noun + Root + ii + mi / δaa / δen / δon.

Examples:

Ko kikiiδe Бuftii-mi haŋki. It’s in the afternoon that I took a shower yesterday.

Ko 10:00 leloyii-δen haŋki jamma. It’s at 10:00 we went to bed last night.

Question Word + o / min / Бe + Root + ii?

Example:

Holko Бe kacitii haŋki subaka? What did they eat for breakfast yesterday morning?

Ko + Noun + o / min / Бe + Root + ii.

Example:

Ko lacciri Бe kacitii haŋki subaka. It’s couscous they ate for breakfast yesterday morning.

3rd group verbs: eede

Question Word + Root + aa + mi / δaa / δen / δon?

Example:

No foti njoБaa-δen hecci haŋki? How much were we paid the day before yesterday?

Ko + Noun + Root + aa + mi / δaa / δen / δon

Example:
Ko teemedere (500 FCFA) njoБaa-δen hecci haŋki. It’s 500 FCFA we were paid yesterday.

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Question Word + o / min / Бe + Root + aa?

Examples:

Holko o yoБaa? What was s/he paid?

Holto Бe njeyaa? Where did they come from?

Ko + Noun + o / min / e + Root + aa.

Examples:

Ko kaalis o yoБaa. It’s money s/he was paid.

Ko Amerik Бe njeyaa. It’s America they came from America.

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THE WORD «KO» in Pulaar
1. KO emphasizing a pronoun, noun / name

Example:
- Ko Samba ari hannde. (It’s) Samba who came today.
- Ko jaŋngo ngarat-mi. (It’ s) tomorrow I will come.
2. KO meaning to be

Example:
- Ko mi Senegalnaajo. I am Senegalese.
- Baabam ko doktoor. My father is a doctor.
3. KO ….. ko (relative pronoun)

Example:

- Ko njiδ-δaa ko wonataa. What you want is not possible.

- Ko nan-mi ko wonaa goonga. What I heard is not true.

4. KO emphazing the relative pronoun (Ko ko… ko)

When KO is used to put emphasis on the relative pronoun, it is repeated at the
beginning of the sentence.

Example:
- Ko ko kaal-δaa ko mbinndu-mi. It is what you said that I wrote.

5. KO as a question word = Holko

Example:
- KO njiδ-δaa? What do you want?

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THE IMPERATIVE TENSE
The imperative is the tense use for commands, and we have Three persons (you, we,
and you guys (or you all).

The subject does not appear before the verb.

First group verbs

Affirmtive

Ustude To lower (quality or Yahde To go

quantity), to decrease,To diminish

You Ustu! Yah! Go!

Ngusten! Njahen! Let‟s go!
We

You Ngustee! Njahee! Go! ( To a group)

guys

de Root+ o / en / ee

ude Root + u / en / ee

Negative

Oto / woto Ustu! Oto / woto yah!

Woto + Root + o / en / ee
Oto / woto Ngusten! Oto / woto njahen!
Woto + Root + u / en / ee
Oto / woto Ngustee! Oto / woto njahee!

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 • 2nd group verbs :

Affirmative

Lootaade To work
You Looto! Take a shower!

We Looto-δen! Let‟s take shower!

You all Looto-δee! Take a shower!

Root + o / o-δen / o-δee

Negative:

Oto Looto!

Oto Looto-δen!

Oto Looto-δee!

Woto + Root + o / δen / δee

Note: The third group being in general passive, it is hardly ever used in the
imperative.

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THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

Note: To form the progressive form of the present, you have to use the long subject
pronouns (LSP).

1st group:

Affirmative:
Mbiδo jannga pulaar. I’am learning Pulaar

Omo ñaama maaro. He is eating rice

Long Subject Pronoun + root + a

Negative:
Note: The negative form always goes with Short Subject Pronouns (SSP).

Mi janngaani Jolfe. I’am not earning Wolof.

O ñaamaani ñiiri buna. He is not eating ñiiri buna.

Short Subject Pronoun + root + aani

The present of static verbs

Examples:
Mbiδo anndi I know

Aδa yiδi You want / You like

Long Subject Pronoun + root (static verb) + i

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Some static verbs:

Anndude to know Moƴƴude to be good / to be nice

Jaangeede to be cold Ŋoŋde to be sleepy

Ɗomδeede to be thirsty Tampude to be tired

Yiδde to like/ to want Waawde to be able to (do something well)

Heñaade to be in a hurry Heyδude to be hungry

Jeyde to own Welde to taste good

Jogaade to have / to possess Wulde to be hot

Tardude to be late Yonde to be enough

Famδude to be small Luuбde to smell bad

Sellude to be healthy Mawnude to be big or to grow up

Yooδde to be pretty Seertude / seerdude to separate / to be different

Juutde to be tall/ long Rabbiδde to be short

Mettude to be unpleasant Tiiδde to be strong

Yoomde / fooƴde to be slim / Teddude to be heavy

skinny
Sohlude to need
Nanndude to look like
Fotde must
Ñawde / faaweede to be sick
Weltaade to enjoy or to be happy
Jooδaade to sit down

In pulaar, stative verbs play the same role as adjectives.

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The particule ni / na / ne (can be translate by is or are in english):
Example:

Mbiδo ni jannga. I‟am learning

Sammba na ñaama. Sammba is eating.
Haande ne wuli. It‟s hot today

Noun or Name / LSP + na / ni + verb (progressive form)

2nd group:

Affirmative:
Mbiδo lootoo. I’ am taking a shower.
Omo fooftoo. He is resting.

Long Subject Pronoun + root + oo

Negative:
Note: The negative form always goes with short pronouns
Mi lootaaki. I’am taking a shower.
O fooftaaki. He is not resting.

Short Subject Pronoun + root + aaki

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3rd group:

Affirmative:
Aδa yoбee. You are being paid.
Omo wallee. He is being heped.

Long Subject Pronoun + root + ee

Negative:
Note: The negative form always goes with short pronouns

Min njoбaaka. We are not being paid.

Mi wallaaka. I am not being hepel.

Short Subject Pronoun + root + aaka

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THE FUTURE TENSE

In pulaar, there are two ways to form the simple future:

Time Marker + Present Tense (habitual). E.g. Janngo, mi yahat Mboro.

Usinng “Maa” before the Short Subject Pronoun. E.g. Maa en njah Dakar.

The negative form of both cases is always in Present Tense (Habitual).

e.g - Janngo, mi yahataa Pout.
- En njahataa Mbour.

We are focusing here of the “maa” form since we have already studied the Present
tense (Habibitual)

I/ 1st Group

de: Maa + Short Subject Pronon + Root

e.g. Maa mi yah Fuuta yontere aroore nde. I will go to Fuuta next week.

Maa en nyah Fuuta yontere aroore nde. we‟ll go to Fuuta next week

ude: Maa + Short Subject Pronoun + Root + u

e.g. Maa on njaŋngu pulaar jaŋngo. We„ll study Pulaar tomorrow.

Maa a jaŋngu pulaar jaŋngo. You‟ll study Pulaar tomorrow.

120
II / 2nd Group

aade: Maa + Short Subject Pronoun + Root + o

e.g. Maa o hacito mburu e ñebbe jaŋngo subaka.

S/He will eat for breakfast bread and beans tomorrow morning.
Maa бe kacito mburu e ñebbe jaŋngo subaka
They will eat for breakfast bread and beans tomorrow morning.

III / 3rd Group

eede: Maa + Short Subject Pronoun + Root + e

e.g. Maa mi yoбe kaalis keewδo so lewru maayi

I will be paid a lot of money at the end of the month.
Maa en njoбe kaalis keewδo so lewru maayi.

I will be paid a lot of money at the end of the month.

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VERBS EXTENSIONS
Pulaar verbs change their meanings by adopting verbs extensions.
Generally speaking, extensions are attached to the roots of the verbs.
The most commonly used are:

1. TheReciprocal“ondir”
This extension carries the sense of performing the action reciprocally. The
subject is plural.

E.g. wallude = to help →→→→ wallondirde = to help each other

yiδde = to love →→→→ Yiδondirde = to love each other

2. TheBenefactive“an”
This extension is used to suggest that the action of the verb is done to or for the
object of the verb.
E.g. waδde = to do →→→→ waδande = to do for
addude = to bring →→→→ addande = to bring …… to (somebody)

3. TheDisplacive/Distantive“oy”
This extension indicates that physical movement should be done in order for the
action to occur.
E.g. ñaamde = to eat →→→→ ñaamoyde = to go to eat
liggaade = to work →→→→ liggoyaade = to go to work

walleede = to be helped →→→→ walloyeede = to go to be helped

4. TheAssociative“d”(+e)
This extension indicates an action done by two people. It carries the sense of
doing something together.
“de” verbs will take on a “u” after the associative consonant.
E.g. ñaamde = to eat →→→→ ñaamdude = to eat with
“aade” verbs will take “i” before the extension (d).
E.g. lootaade = to take a shower → lootidaade = to take a shower with.

122
5. TheRepetitive,ReflexiveandInversive“t”
This extension carries the meaning of repetition, reflection and/or inversion of an
action in a given context.
“de” verbs will take on the vowel “u” right after the extension (t) and thus
become “ude” verbs whereas.
“ude” verbs will take on the vowel “i” before the extension “t”.

Repetitive
The idea of repetition is expressed by adding the letter “t‟ to the root of the
verb.

E.g. soodde = to buy →→→→ soodtude = to buy again

Reflexive
Reflexive, repetitive as well as inversive verbs are formed the same way,
by adding the letter “t” to the root of the verb. Only the context and
common sense can help decide whether in a given context, “t” is reflexive,
inversive or repetitive.

E.g. gaañaade = to get hurt →→→→ gaañtaade = to hurt oneself.

Inversive / Reversive
The function of the extension “t” in this context is to reverse the action
implied by the verb. This extension does obviously not apply to all verbs. It
applied to those whose contrary can be meaningful.

E.g. uddude = to close →→→→ udditde = to open

6. TheCausative“in”,“n”(+u)
This extension causes the action of the verb to happen. It denotes that another
actor has entered the picture to cause the performance of the action. A causative
verb is formed by adding “in” (or sometimes “n” + u) to the root of the verb.
E.g. Jaŋngude = to study →→→ jaŋnginde = to teach / to make s.o. learn
dogde = to run →→→→ dognude = to drive / to make ………. run

123
7. TheManner/Instrumental“ir‟,“r”(+u)
This extension denotes the manner, the way in which an action is performed.

E.g. ñaamde = to eat →→ ñaamirde /ñaamrude = (the way) to eat

windude = to write → windirde / windrude = (the way/manner) to write

8. TheSimulative“ikin”
This extension denotes pretension and simulation. It means that the subject
pretends to be doing something while not actually.
All the verbs that take this extension automatically become “aade” verbs.
E.g. maayde = to die →→→→ maay(i)kinaade = to pretend to die
δaanaade = to sleep →→→→ δaanikinaade = to pretend to sleep

124
VOCABULARY
SOME PULAAR VERBS

1st Group ( de / ude verbs)

Aamde To be lazy

Aawde To seed

Adaade To be the first

Aflaade To lie a pillow

Addude To bring

Amde To dance

Anndinde To let know

Anndude To know

Artirde To bring back

Artude To come back

Arde To come

Asde To dig

Bonde = Бawlude reedu To be bad

Бeydude To add / increase

Danndude To safe

Darnude To build

Dirde To move

Diwude To jump

Dogde To run

Ɗojjude To cough

125
Faamde To understand

Fadde To wait for

Famδude To be small

Fasnude = Wulnude To boil

Fawde To put (on )

Fellude To shoot

Femmbude To shave

Fende or semtude To lie

Fewnude To prepare / fabricate

Findinde To wake s o up

Finde To wake up

Fittude To sweep / to clean

Fokkitde To leave / start off

Fottude = Hawrude To meet

Fotde To have to / to take pictures

Gaaňde To wound / to hurt

Gasde To be finished

Gaynude To finish

Haalde To speak

Haarde To be full

Haaбde To be fed up

Haδde To fight

Haaldude To negotiate / to discuss with

Artaade To prevent

126
Haббude To tie

Helde To break

Hersinde To embarrass / shame

Hersude To be ashamed

Heбde To obtain

Hoccude To pick s up

Hoδde To live

Hoorde To fast

Hootde To go home

Hoyδude To dream

Hulde To be afraid

Huббude To light or to burn

Ittude To take away

Iwde or ummaade To come from

Jalnude To make laugh

Jalde To laugh

Janngude To study / learn

Jannginde To teach

Jaбde To accept

Jillude or jiibde To mix

Juulde To pray

Juutde To be tall/ long

Limde To count

Laaбde To be clean

127
Lawƴude To wash dishes / to clean up

Laббinde To clean up

Liirde To dry clothes

Lootde To wash something

Loowde To fill

Looбde To be angry

Lumbude To cross (water)

Luukde To scream

Luuбde To smell bad / to stink

Maayde To die

Mahde To build

Majjinde To loose

Majjude To be lost

Meeδde To taste / do once

Mettude daande To be bad singer

Mettude Hakkile To be no intelligent

Moorde To braid

Moyyude = Laaбde reedu To be nice / good

Naatde To enter

Nafde To be useful / is used to

Ňallude / Ňawlude To be late in the day / to spend the day

Naŋngude To catch

Nanndude To look like

Nande To hear

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Ňamlude To lend (money)

Ňawde To be sick

Naбde / nawde To bring

Neldude To send

Niббitde To be dark

Ňifde To turn off

Noddude To call

Ŋatde To bite

Ŋoŋde To be sleepy

Okkude / rokkude To offer

Paande To break down (car / TV / radio)

Parde To get ready

Ranwude To be white

Raббiδde To be short

Raббinde To short

Reende To protect / to take care

Rewde To pass by/ to follow

Roosde To water

Salminde To great

Sellude To be healthy

Selde To turn

Seδdde To separate

Seerde To divorce (man)

Seereede To be divorced

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Sewde To be thin

Siiwde To separate liquids

Suбde To choose

Suбeede To be choosen

Sikkude To believe / to think

Sokde To lock

Soktude To unlock

Soofde / taaraade (formal) To urinate – to pie

Soppude To cut to pieces

Suuδde To hide

Tampinde To make s o tired

Tampude To be tired / suffer

Tardude To be late

Taƴde To cut

Taccude To cross

Teddinde To respect

Tuutde To spit

Tunwude / tulmude To be dirty

Tuutde To vomit

Udditde To open

Unde To pound

Uurde To smell good

Waalde To spend the night

Waawde To be able to

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Waδde To do / to make

Wallude To help

Warde To kill

Wattude To do again

Welde To be good / to be tasty

Welde daande To be good singer

Welde hakkile To be intelligent

wiide / wihde To say

Winndude To write

Wonde To stay / to be

Wujjude To steal

Wullude To scream

Wuppude To do laundry

Wuurnude To feed

Wuuδde To whistle

Wuurde To be alive

Yaawde To be fast

Yahde To go

ƴ akkude To munch / to chew

Yaltude To go out

ƴ amde To ask for a woman’s hand

Yande To fall down

Yarde To drink

Yeeyde To sell

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Yejitde To forget

ƴ ettude To take

Salminde To great

ƴ ettue lekki / leδδe To take medicine

Yeewtude To discuss

Yimde To sing

ƴ oogde To pull water

Yoornude To dry something

ƴ oƴde To be clever

Yoбde To pay

nd
2 Group ( aade Verbs)
Adaade To be the first

Aflaade To lie a pillow

Daraade To stand up

Dartaade To fight back

Бadaade To be near

Бornaade To wear / to dress

Duwaaade To pray

Duulaade To weed

Ekkitaade = Etaade To try

Faabaade To assist

132
Femmbaade To shave o s – To get shave

Foccaade To extend one’s leg

Foftaade To rest

Fuδδaade To begin

Gaaňaade To hurt o s

Gaňaade To win

Huutoraade / naftoraade To use

Habbaade = fadde To wait for

Hooynaade To see from distance

Heδaade = hettaade To listen

Heddaade To stay

Heбilaade To get ready

Hirtaade To eat dinner

Humpitaade To find out about

Humtaade To break fast (Ramadan)

Immaade To get up

Jaabaade To reply

Jaббaade To welcome

Joodaade To sit down

haccitaade To eat break fast

Laamdaade / naamdaade To ask

Lelaade To lay down

Lomtaade To succeed / to replace

Lootaade / бuftaade To take a bath / To shower

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Lummbaade
Yettaade To arrive
swim

Mooraade
Yeeytaade To bargain
get once hair braided

Ñamlaade
Yoolaade To be
lenddrowned

Ñobbaade
Yoftaade To revenge
retract one’s leg

Nootaade To answer

Peňaade To comb

Ruttaade To return

Sakkitaade To be the last

Salaade To refuse

Soodaade To wash his hands

Soccaade To brush teeth

Suбaade To choose

Daminaade To hope

Suuraade To protected

Taaraade To urinate

Toppitaade To care of

Toraade / yelaade To beg

Waynaade To say goodbye

Weddaade To throw

Wakkilaade To decide

Weltaade To be happy

Yaawnaade / Heñaade To hurry up

Yaafaade To pardon/ forgive

Yaafnaade To apologize

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TECHNICAL VOCABULARY

Places Les places Nokkuuji δi

Field Champ Ngesa
Garden Jardin Sardiŋ
Tree nursery Pépiniére Pepiñeer
Bush Brousse Ladd ende
Well Puits Woyndu
Deep bore well Forage Foraas
Walking-in-well Puits Ɓunndu
Seasonal pond Marigot Weendu
Attic / loft Grenier Faawru

Tree Arbre Lekki

Lemon Citron limon
Mango Mangue Maŋngo
Cashew tree Anacardier Darkasu
Cashew nut Noix d‟acajou Ɓiббe darkasu
Baobab tree Baobab Ɓokki
Branches Branches Cate
Roots Racines Ɗaδi
Leaves Feuilles Kufi / koбi
Bark Ecorce Ceбe
Sap Sève Ndiyam lekki
Trunk Tronc Foobre
Fuel wood Bois de chauffe Leδδe defirteede
Charcoal Charbon ƴulбe
Fruit Fruit Ɓiббe leδδe

135
Vegetables Légumes Sewo-sewooji

Cassava Manioc Puloongu

Bitter tomato Aubergine amére Jahatu / kuluñe (St Louis)

Okra Gombo Kannje / jakatu (St Louis)

Squash Courge Buudi

Hot pepper Piment Kaani / ñomoko

Hibiscus Oseille Folleere

Eggplant Aubergine Batanse

Cabbage Chou pommé Suppome

Potato Pomme de terre Pompiteer

Turnip Navet Nawe

Tomato Tomate Tamaate / mentu

136
Beans Haricot ñebbe

Sweet potato Patate douce Pataas/ faataata

Mint Menthe Naanaa

Onion Oignon Basalle / soble

Green pepper Poivron Kaani salaad

Cucumber Concombre Konkommbur

Lettuce Salade Salaad

Garlic Ail Laac

Cereals Cereales Gabbe

Rice Riz Maaro

Millet Mil Gawri (suuna)

Sorghum Sorgho Basi

Corn Maïs Makka / Makkaari

Peanut Arachide Gerte

ANGLAIS FRANCAIS PULAAR

Environment Environement Ko hurli en ko / Taariinde

Direction Direction Laawol / Bollol

Road Route / Piste Laawol / Kallu

Wind Vent Henndu

Slope Pente Jippannde

Group Groupement Gurupmaa

Population Population Yimбe бe

Family Famille Yimбe galle o / бesngu

Household Travaux ménangers Liggey galle o

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Ethnic group Groupe ethnique Leñol

Village chief Chef de village Joom saare/ Jom wuro

Village leaders Notables Kilifaaбe / halifaaбeбe

Season Saison Jamaanu/ Sahaaji

Rainy season Saison des pluies Ndunngu

Dry season Saison séche Ceeδu

Income Revenu Dañal ngal/ keбal

Activity Activites Liggey / golle δe / haajuuji δi

Economic activities Activités economiques Golle gaddooje kaalis

Trade Commerce Njeeygu ngu

Salary Salaire Njoбdi

Animal husbandary Élevage Ne‟gol jawdi

Land Terre Leydi

Seed Semences Aawdi

Food Aliment Ñaameele / Nguura

Constraint Contrainte Caδeele

Rain Pluies Toбo

Drough Sécheresse Hokkeere / Yooro

Fertilizer Angrais Anngere

Harvest Récolte Coñal

Animals Animaux Kuule

Wildlife Animaux Sauvages kuule ladde

Cattle / livestock Bétail Jawdi

Hunting Chasse Raddo

Horse Cheval Puccu

138
Donkey ane Mbabba

Pig Porc / Cochon Mbabba

Cow Vache Nagge

Chicken Poule Gertogal

Rooster Coq Ngori

Dog Chien Rawaandu

Cat Chat Ullunndu

Sheep Mouton Mbaalu

Goat Chévre Mbeewa

Rabbit Lapin Wojere

Bird Oiseau Sonndu / Colel

Rat Rat Kaña

Warthog Phacochére Mbabba ladde / Ndullunngu

Insects Insects Kulloñ

Termites Termites Mooƴi

Animal food Aliment de bétail Faggundu jawdi

Hay Fanes Gooƴi

Tree species Types d‟arbre Sifaaji leδδe

Shace tree Ombre Ɓuuбri

Plantation Plantation Ngesa

Orchard Verger Ngesa (leδδe ñaameteede)

Manure Fumier Jaañe /fiime

Compost Composte Kompost

Weeds Mauvaises herbes Huδo bonko

Pest management Gestion des insects Toppitgol kulloñ koñ

139
Pesticide Pesticide Posonne / puudar

Ashe Cendre Ndoondi

Fence Haie Kalacal

Live fence Haie vive Kalacal ledde guurδe

Wind break Brise vent Leδδe dennooje e henndu

Natural regeneration Regeneration naturelle Fuδande hoore mun

Stalks Tiges Gawƴe

Land owner Propriétaire terrien Joom gese

Fallow land Jachére Fooftingol leydi

Land conflict Conflit foncier Pooδondiral leydi

Spigot Robinet Robine

Depth Profondeur Luggeendi ndi

Water storage Conservation de l‟eau Nanngugol ndiyam

Water erosion Erosion hydrique Koosgol leydi ndi

Soil degradation Degradation du sol Leydi maayndi

Sand Sable Ceenal

Clay Argile Ɓakkere

Loam Limon Kalkeer

Bad soil Terres ingrates Leydi maayndi

Types of soils Types de sol Sifaaji leydi

Protection Protection Ndeengol ngol

Mud stove Foyer amélioré Furne бakkere

Hole Trou Ngaska / wuddere

Spacing Écartemant Hakkunnde nde

Action plan Plan d‟action Pewjugol golle δe

140
Student Éléve Janngoowo / eleew / almuudo

Teacher Enseignant Jannginoowo / ceerno

School École Ekool / duδal

Lesson Leccon Leson

Farmer Fermier Demoowo

Plastic bags Gaines Mbuusuuji

Meeting Réunion Dental / reño / batu

Health Santé Cellal

Trash Ordures Mbaliit

Trash can Poubelles Si‟o mbaliit

Hygiene Hygiene Laaбal / senaare

Tanding water Eau stagnante Ndiyam diƴƴidam

Grass herbes Huδo

Latrine Latrine Duus / kabine

Mixture Mélange Njillondirgol

Chicken coop Poulailler Ngunu / pulaaye

The heat La chaleur Nguleeki ki

Water Eau Ndiyam

141
TOOLS RELATED TO AG / AGFO / UAG PROGRAMS
ANGLAIS FRANCAIS PULAAR

Hedge clippers Cisaille à haies Siso mawδo

Rake Rateau Rato Pruning

shears Sékateer Sekateer Sickle /

hook Faucille Wawdu Brooom

Balai Pittirδe / Bale Wheel barrow

Brouette Buruwet Shovel

Pelle Peel

Hoe Houe Jalo

Machete Machette Jaasi

Hatchet Hache Jambere

Pick Pioche Pikku

Pitchfork Fourche Furs

Rope Corde Ɓoggol

Watercan Arrosoir Rosuwaar

142
TECHNICAL VOCABULARY (HEALTH)
Ñabbulli e maale
Diseases and symptoms
ANGLAIS FRANCAIS PULAAR

Diarrhea Diarrhea Reendu dogooru

Nausea Nausée Ɓernde ƴeefoore

I have nausea J‟ai la nausée Ɓerndam yeefat

To feel dizzy Avoir des vertiges Yileede

I‟m dizzy J‟ai des vertiges Mi yiilete

Rheumatism Rhumatisme ƴ iye muusooje

To be anemic Être anémié Mankude ƴiiƴam

I‟m anemic Je suis anémié(e) Mbiδo manka ƴiiƴam

To have a cold Étre enrhumé Maббeede

I have the cold Je suis enrhumé (e) Mbiδo maббa

Tuberculosis Tuberculose Ɗoyru / δojjo bongo

Measles Rougeole Came

Marasmus Le marasme Mankkere ñaamndu

Sexual diseases les MST ñawuuji rewbe e worbe

Syphilis La syphilis Sifiliis

To have a fracture Avoir une fracture Helde

His / her leg is broken Sa jambe s‟est cassée Koyngal makko heli

Sprain / wrench Entorse Forñnere

He has a sprain Il / Elle a une entorse Ko o porñude

To be swollen Être enflé / balloné Ɓuutde

To have constipation Etre constipé Seereede

143
He / she is constipated Il est constipé Ko o baδδo seere

To have parasites Avoir des parasites Jogaade jalбi

Dysentery Dysenterie Reendu dogooru e muusooru

He has dysentery Il a la dysenterie Mbiδo wondi e ….

To faint S‟évanouir Faδδaade

He fainted Il s‟est évanui O faδδiima

To be pregnant Etre enceinte Wonde reendu

She is pregnant Elle est enceite Ko debbo reendu

To bleed Saigner Yaltinde ƴiiƴam

Abortion Avortement Reendu bonndu

Malaria Le paludisme Jontinooje / sibiru

He has malaria Il a le palu Koo cibiraaδo / omo wondey jontinnoje

Conjunctivitis La conjonctivité ñawu gite

To be weak Etre faible Waasde doole

It is contagious C‟est contagieux Raabat

Lockjaw Tetanos Jaddo

Headache Maux de tête Hoore muusoore

Stomach ache Maux de ventre Reendu moosooru

144
Tools and structures

ANGLAIS FRANCAIS PULAAR

Hospital Hopital Lopitaal

Health district District sanitaire Distrik saniteer

Health center Centre de santé Dispanseer

Health post Poste de santé Post cellal

Health hut Case de santé Suudu safrirdu

Doctor Medecin Moktoor

Nurse Infirmier (e) Infirye / cafroowo

Midwife Sage-femme Saas-faam

Local midwife Matrone Matroon

Blood pressure machine Tensiométre Tensiometeer

Syringe Seringue Piŋngnu

Cotton Coton Wiro

Injection Injection Piŋngu / pikiir

Alcohol Alcool Alkol

Bandage Bande Banda / bandaas

Pair of scissor Ciseaux Siso Blade

Lame Layseet Medicines box

Boite de pharmacie Boyet farmasi Ticket

Ticket Tikket Thermometer

Thermomètre Termometeer Stetoscope

Stetoscope Stetoskop

Needle Aiguille Messalal

145
To heal Soigner Safrude

To get heal Se soigner ƴ ettude taasioŋ

To sensitize Sensibiliser Findinde

To check a patiant Ausculter un malade Ndaarde ñawδo

To be sick Etre malade ñawde

To feel better Se sentir mieux Semorde

To be cured Guèrir Sellude

To have fever Avoir de la fiévre Jogaade banndu wulndu

To cough Tousser Ɗojjude

To vomit Vomir Tuutde

To feel dizzy Avoir des vertiges Yiileeede

To have a fracture Avoir une fracture Helde

To collapse S‟évanuir Faδδaade

To give birth / to deliver Accoucher Jibinde

To take medicines Prendre des medicaments ƴ ettude leδδe

To bleed Saigner Ɓulde / Yaltinde
ƴIiƴam

To clean Nettoyer Momtude / lawƴude

To boil Bouillir Fasnude

To gargle Se gargariser Wufƴaade

To get a shot Se vacciner ŋeesaade / piŋngaade

To shot Vacciner ŋeesde / piŋngude

To contaminate Contaminer Raaбde

To breast feed Allaiter Muyninde

To weigh Peser Peesde

146
To measure Mesurer Ɓbetde

To cry Pleurer Woyde

To open the mouth Ouvrir la bouche Uddidde hunuko

To put off the clothes Se déshabiller Ɓoortude comci

To put on the clothes S‟habiller Ɓoornaade comci

To filter Filtrer Siiwde

To improve Améliorer Ɓeydude

To prepare Préparer Feewnude

To use Utiliser Naftoraaade / huutoraade

To be dirty Etre sale Tunwude

To be clean Etre propre Laaбde

To protect Protèger Reende/

To have a meeting Tenir une réunion Waδde batu / batde

To meet with Se rencontrer avec Hawrude e / fottude

To do a talk Faire une causerie Yeewtude / haaldude

Baby Bébé Tiggu

Hygiene Hygiene Laaбal

Healthy water Eau potable Ndiyam laabdam

Dry season Saison séche Ceeδu

Rainy season Saison des pluies Nduŋngu

Mosquitoes Les moustiques Ɓowdi

Mosquito net Moustiquaire Fabiyoŋ

The kids Les enfants Sukaaбe бe

Health Santé Cellal

Don‟t cry! Ne pleure pas ! Woto / Oto woy

147
It‟s sufficient ! C‟est suffisant ! Moƴƴi !

Don‟t be afraid ! N‟aies pas peur ! Woto hul !

I‟ll not hurt you Je ne te ferai pas mal Mi gaañataa ma

Sit down! Assieds toi! Jooδo!

Wait! Attends! Faδ / Sabboo!

Lay down! Allongez-vous! Leloo!

Who owns this? À qui appartient ca? Mo jey δum?

Food Nourriture ñaamndu

Trash Déchets / saleté Mbaliit/ salte / tuundi

Medicines Médicaments Leδδe

Pills Comprimés Poδδe

Head Tête Hoore

Belly Ventre Reendu

Arms Les bras Juuδe

Leg Jambe Koyngal

Heart Coeur Ɓernde

Blood Le sang ƴiiƴam

The skin La peau Nguru

Breast Sein Enndu

The back Le dos Keeci

Talk Causerie Yeewtere

Meeting Réunion Batu

Microbes / virus Microbes Jalludi / kullo / mikorop

148
 FOOD AND DRINK
ENGLISH FRENCH PULAAR

Breakfast Petit déjeûner Kaccitaari

Lunch déjeûner Bottaari

Snack Goûter Njogonal

Dinner Dîner Hiraande

To have breakfast Prendre le petit déjeuner Hacitaade

To have lunch Prendre le déjeuner Wottaade

To have dinner diner Hirtaade

-What do we have at lunch? -Qu‟allons nous manger au déjeuner? -Ko ngottoto-δen hannde?

-We have …………… -Du / de la -Ko …… ngottoto-δen.

I‟d like to wash my hands with Je voudrais me laver les mains avec Mbiδo yiδi sooδoraade
soap. du savon. saabunnde

I‟d like to eat with my hand. Je voudrais manger à la main. Mbiδo yiδi ñaamrude
juŋngo

Mbiδo yiδi ñaamrude

I‟d like to eat with a spoon Je voudrais manger avec une cuillère. kuddu

Enjoy your meal! Bon appétit! Ñaam no moƴƴi!

Good digestion! Bonne digestion! Doldee jam!

What‟s your favored meal? Quel est ton plat préféré? Hol ñaamdu бur-δaa
yiδde?

Pass me the sauce / water / Passez moi la sauce / l‟eau / le pain Yaafo, heбnam / soos
bread please s‟il vous plait. ndiyam δam / mburu o

There‟s no more ……… Il n‟ya plus de ……………. ………. gasi

Can I have some more … Puis-je avoir un peu de …… s‟il vous Mbiδo waawi dañde see
please? plait? δa….. ?

I‟m full Je suis rassasié(e) Mi haari

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Thanks, I ate well Merci, j‟ai bien mangé A jaraama, mi ñaamii no
moƴƴi

I‟m not finished eating Je n‟ai pas fini de manger Mi gaynaani tawo ñaamde

The dish / meal is good La nourrriture est bonne Ñaamdu ndu ne weli

The dish / meal is spicy La nourrriture est épicé Ñaamdu ndu ne haaδi

You are greedy Tu es gourmande Kaa kuuño

I‟m vegetarian Je suis végétarian(ne) Mi ñaamataa teew

I don‟t eat fish Je ne mange pas de poisson Mi ñaamataa liδδi

I don‟t drink alcohol / tea Je ne bois pas d‟alcool / thé Mi yarataa saŋngara /
attaaya

I have my water bottle J‟ai ma bouteille d‟eau Mbiδo jogi butelam

ndiyam

I‟d like to have some coffee Je voudrais boire du café Mbiδo yiδi yarde kafe

I‟d like to have some tea Je voudrais boire du thé Mbiδo yiδi yarde attaaya

I don‟t drink tea at night Je ne bois pas de thé la nuit Mi yarataa attaaya jamma

I can cook Je sais cuisiner Mbiδo waawi defde

I can‟t cook Je ne sais pas cuisiner Mi waawaa defde

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 DIRECTIONS / TRANSPORT
ENGLISH FRENCH PULAAR

Where‟s ……….. ? Ou se trouve …………? To ……woni?

Would you mind to show me Pouvez-vous me montrer le Hollam laawol ……

the way to ……….? chemin qui mène à ……

Turn right Tournez à droite Sell juŋngo ma ñaamo

Turn left Tournez à gauche Sell juŋngo ma nano

Go straight Continuez tout droit Jokku ( haa yeeso)

Co up to ………….. Allez jusqu‟au / à la …… Yah haa…….

It‟s far from …. C‟est loin de … Ne woδδi

It‟s close to Ce n‟est pas loin de ……… Ne бatti / woδδaani

It‟ next to …….. C‟est à coté de ……... Woni ko sara / takko /

hedde

It‟s opposite ……. C‟est en face de …… Hucciti koy

It‟s in front of ……. C‟est devant Woni ko yeeso

It‟s behind C‟est derriére Woni ko caggal

I‟m lost Je me suis perdu(e) Mi majjii

Where is the bus station? Ou se trouve la gare routiére? To garaas o woni?

Where can I find a Ou puis-je trouver une To mbaw mi heбde saret?

“charrette”? charrette?

At what time is the bus À quelle heure quitte l‟horaire? Hol waktu oreer o yahata?
leaving?

How much is the ticket? Combien coute le ticket? No foti paasete?

I can pay ….. for my Je peux payer …….. pour les Mbaw mi yoбde e / kaake
luggage/sack. bagages / sac δe / saak o / ko…..

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 SHOPPING
ENGLISH FRENCH PULAAR

Where is the shop / market / Ou se trouve la boutique/ le Holto bitik o / jeere nde
supermarket? marché/ le supermarché? supermarse o / woni?

Do you have ……….? Avez-vous du / de la ….? Aδa jogi……?

Yes, I have Oui, j‟en ai Eey, mbiδo jogi …

No, I have not Non, je n‟en ai pas Alaa, mi alaa….

I‟d like to buy ……… Je voudrais acheter ……….. Mbiδo yiδi soodde …

How much is …….? Combien coûte ………? No foti….. jarata ?

It is too expensive , lower the C‟est trop cher, diminuer le prix Ne tiiδi…….. ustu
price

Augmenter un peu Ɓeydu seeδa

Rise it a bit / add a bit
Je n‟ai pas d‟argent Mi alaa / heewaani
I have not lot of money
kaalis
Do you have the change of…
Aδa jogi weccit
Avez-vous la monnaie de …. ?

WEATHER / TIME / DATE

ENGLISH FRENCH PULAAR

It‟s hot Il fait chaud Ina wuli

It‟s cold Il fait froid Ina бuuбi

It‟s wet Il est humide Henndu ndu na hecciδi

It‟s dark Il fait sombre Ina ñiббiδi

It rains Il pleut Ina toбa

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It‟s a whirlwind C‟est un tourbillon Ko duleendu

It‟s cloudy Le ciel est nuageux Asaamaan o na ƴiiwni

There‟s a thunder La tonnerre gronde Asamaan o na diira

There are thunder lights Il ya des éclairs Na maja

The wind is dry Le vent est sec Heendu ndu na wuli

It‟s dusty Il ya beaucoup de poussiére Na heewi punndi

I‟m hot / cold J‟ai chaud / froid Mbiδo wula / buuba / jaaanga

What is it? Quelle heure fait-il? To waktu o yahrata?

It‟s ……… It est …….. …yoni

What is the date today? Quelle date sommes nous Hannde ko hol ñalawma?
aujourd‟hui?

CEREMONIES
ENGLISH FRENCH PULAAR

Funerals Funerailles Janeysa

My condolences Mes condoléances Mi duwanii ma on!

May God welcome him / her Que Dieu l‟accueille dans son Yo allah haaδnu mo aljana !
in paradise! paradis !
Yo allah waδan mo toon
May he / she rest in peace! Qu‟il repose en paix ! fooftere!

May the earth of ….. be light Que la terre de … soit légère sur Yo juuδe moƴƴe jaббo mo!
on her / him! elle / lui !

Wedding Mariage Dewgal / Cuddungu

Be happy in your wedlock! Heureux ménage! Yo allah feewnu!

Baptism Baptême Innde

Long life to the baby! Longue vie au bébé! Yo allah wuurnu , barkina!

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 HEALTH / EMOTIONS

ENGLISH FRENCH PULAAR

What‟s wrong with you? Qu‟est-ce que tu as? Ko heб ma?

What hurts you? Ou avez vous mal? To muusat ma?

My …….. hurts J‟ai mal au / à la …….. …muusata mi /…..muusata

My throat hurts J‟ai mal à la gorge Goddolam muusat

I have a stomachache J‟ai mal au ventre Reedam muusat

I have a headache J‟ai mal à la téte Hooram muusat

I have a toothache J‟ai mal aux dents Ñiiƴam muusat

I throw out / vomit Je vomis Mi tuutat

I‟m dizzy / giddy J‟ai des vertiges Mi yiilete

I have the cold Je suis enrhumé(e) Ko mi maббaaδo

I have the malaria J‟ai le paludisme Ko mi pawnguδo

I have a fever J‟ai de la fièvre Ɓanndam na wuli

I have the diarrhea J‟ai la diarrhée Reedam ne doga

I‟m constipated Je suis constipé(e) Ko mi baδδo seere / ko mi

ceeraaδo

I‟m not in good shape / fit Je ne suis pas en forme Hannde mi softaani

I can‟t sleep Je ne peux pas dormir Mi waawaa δaanaade

I can‟t eat Je ne peux pas manger Mi waawaa ñaamde

I can eat nothing Je ne peux manger Mi waawaa ñaamde hayhuunde

I have no appetite Je n‟ai pas d‟appetit Mi heyδaani

I‟m taking medicines Je prends des médicaments Mi ƴettat leδδe

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I feel better Je me sens mieux/ je vais Mi semori
mieux

I‟d like to talk to the Je voudrais parler au Mbiδo yiδi haaldude e doktoor o
doctor docteur

Good recovery Bonne guerison Yo allah addu jam!

I‟m mad / angry Je suis fâché(e) Mi weltaaki / ko mi tikkuδo

I‟m happy Je suis content(e) / heureux Mbiδo welti

(se)

I‟m frustrated Je suis frustré(e) Mi haaбi

I miss ….. J‟ai la nostalgie de ……… Mi yeewni…..

I‟m sad Je suis triste Ɓerndam welaani

I don‟t trust …….. Je n‟ai pas confiance en Mi hoolaaki

…….

I‟m ashamed J‟ai honte Mi hersi

I‟m shy Je suis timide Mbiδo heewi gacce

I‟m confused Je suis coufus(e) Hooram jiibiima / na jiibi

I‟m discouraged Je suis découragé(e) Yaakaaram gasi

I‟m overwhelmed Je suis submerge(e) Mbiδo heewi liggey

Horam ne heewi

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 USEFUL PHRASES

ENGLISH FRENCH PULAAR

I don‟t speak wolof well Je ne parle pas bien wolof Mi nanaani jolfe no feewi

I don‟t understand Pulaar Je ne comprends pas Mi nanaani Pulaar

Pulaar

I don‟t know Je ne sais pas Mi anndaa

Speak slowly please Parlez lentement s‟il vous Yaafo, haaldu seese
plait

Speak louder please Parlez plus fort s‟il vous Yaafo, haal dow
plait

Repeat please Répétez s‟il vous plait Yaafo , haaltu

How do you say … in ….? Comment dit on …… en ….. Hono…. wiyete e pulaar?

How do you write …. ? Comment écrit on? No …. winndirte?

What does ……. mean? Que signifie ………….. ? Ko firti……?

I‟d like to go to the toilet Je voudrais aller aux Mbiδo yiδi yahde tarorde
toilettes

To charge my cell-phone Charger mon portable Sarsude portablam

To wash my hands Me laver les mains Soodaade

To go to the market Aller au marché Yahde jeere / luumo

To review my lessons Reviser mes lecons Jurnitaade lesoŋam

To practice my pulaar Pratiquer mon pulaar Haalde Pulaar

To wash my clothes Laver mon linge Wuppude

To wash the dishes Faire la vaisselle Lawƴude kaake

To sweep my room Balayer ma chambre Fittude suudam

To help my brother with… Aider mon frère à ……… Wallude mawnam / miñam

To learn how to make tea Apprendre à faire le the Jaŋngude wulnude attaaya

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To rest Me reposer Fooftaade

To have a walk Se promener Yahndaade

To lay down Se coucher Leloyaade

To sleep a bit Dormer un peu Ɗaanaade seeδa

To write a letter Ecrire une lettre Windude leeter / бataake

To go to the well Aller au puit ƴ oogoyde / yahde woyndu

To be alone Etre seul(e) Jooδaade miin tan

To clean my lamp Nettoyer ma lampe Foppude lampam

To buy a lamp-oil Acheter du pétrole Soodde petrol

To take a shower Prendre une douche Lootaade / бuuftaade

To buy a coke Acheter un coca Soodde coka

To discuss with … Discuter avec … Yeewtude / haaldude e …

To go out with friends Sortir avec ses amis Yaltu e sehilaaбam

To do my homework Faire mes devoirs Waδde ligeyyaaji am /

dewaaram

To play soccer Jouer au football Waδde futbal

To visit friends Render visite à ses amis Ƴ eewoyde sehilaaбam

To play sport Faire du sport Dogoyde

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PROVERBS

Beyond the literary meaning Pulaar proverbs may have another one that you may easily
figure out or that may require explanations from a native speaker. Here are some
proverbs that can help you get started.

PULAREEJE:
1. Ko puuyδo juδata wiro

2. So haala ñawii yo nanδe cellu

3. Yitere roondotaako kono ina anndi ko hoore hattani

4. Ɗemngal e ñiiƴe koddi kono ina kaбa sahaa e sahaa fof

5. Ɗemngal ina waawi leбtude joom mum

6. So a yi‟ii teew won ko maayi

7. Jawel gootel seŋlataa

8. Cellal woni afo ngalu

9. Ko бawli e kosam fof jeyaaka heen

10. So mbabba maayi diiδe ngasii

11. So ullundu haari wi‟a gaδa doomburu ina sicca

12. Ndunngu alaa gaño

13. Kala ko jaŋngaaka waawetaake

14. Mawδo weeбi ko liбde kono weeбaani fuuntude

Hakkillaaji so njeeyaama
lammba

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