Motor Control

Handbook
A guide for electrical contractors

MOTOR CONTROL AND DRIVES

NHP Electrical Engineering Products Pty Ltd

AUS 1300 NHP NHP nhp.com.au

NZ 0800 NHP NHP nhp-nz.com
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2
Introduction
This NHP Motor Control Handbook 2018 provides technical information
of a general nature about low voltage switchgear, protective devices and
their combination. Written in an easily understood manner it is for use
by appropriately qualified and competent persons and will assist them in
designing and producing their own simple or complex control systems. In
the event of faults, a knowledge of the circuit diagrams contained herein
may also aid in rapid fault location and rectification.
Whilst NHP has made every attempt to ensure the accuracy and reliability
of the information provided in this Handbook, the information is provided
“as is” without warranty of any kind and any reliance you place on such
material is therefore strictly and entirely at your own risk. Changes
to material or information (e.g. changes to applicable standards and
regulations, technical progress or improvement) after publication may
impact upon its accuracy. Users of this Handbook are responsible for
assessing its relevance and verifying the accuracy of the content for their
specific purposes and NHP will not be liable for any loss, damage, cost or
expense incurred or arising by reason of any person or organisation relying
on the information in this Handbook. NHP further reserves the right to
make changes at any time to this Handbook, and without notification.

3
Table of contents
1. Introduction 3
1.1 Equipment overview 5
2. General 12
2.1 Graphical symbols with nomenclature for circuit diagrams 12
2.2 Marking and identification of terminals of contactors and associated
overload relays 18
2.3 Terminal markings for electric motors 21
3. Starting and switching motors 23
3.1 Selection criteria overview 23
3.2 Selecting the right contactor for an application 24
3.3 Selecting the right overload for an application 24
3.4 Characteristic features of the commonly used starting methods for
squirrel-cage induction motors 25
4. Diagram types 26
4.1 Circuit diagram 26
4.2 Scematic wiring diagram 27
4.3 Control diagram 28
4.4 Simplified diagram 29
5. Direct on line starters and reversing starters 30
5.1 Several command locations 30
5.2 Direct on line starters (Contactor with overload relay) 32
5.3 Direct on line starters with mechanical latch 36
5.4 Reversing starters 40
6. Reduced voltage starters 44
6.1 Star-delta starters 44
6.2 Autotransformer starters 48
7. Additional applications 50
7.1 Circuit breakers 50
7.2 Circuit breakers KTA7 with contactor 51
7.3 Electrical heating, lamps and illumination equipment 52
8. Soft starters PCS 54
8.1 Soft starter typical application duty ratings 54
8.2 Setup 56
9. Variable speed drives 60
9.1 Introduction 60
9.2 VSD control algorithms 61
9.3 VSD benefits 62
9.4 Product selection 63
9.5 Schematics 65
9.6 Start and speed configuration 66
10. Timers 67
11. Appendix 67
11.1 AC motor currents table 67
11.2 Utilisation categories 68
11.3 Motor terminology 69
11.4 Time current curves 70
11.6 IP ratings chart 78
10.7 Circuit breakers 79
10.7 Short circuit coordination for motor starting time current curves 80

4
 1. Introduction
3
5 1.1 Equipment overview
12 The following pages contain a brief explanation on the various equipment
nclature for circuit diagrams 12
types common to motor starting applications
erminals of contactors and associated
18
motors 21 Motor starting with Sprecher+Schuh CA7
Scale: 1:10 23 and CA8 contactors
Page: 10 23 Contactors are capable of switching large motor
or an application 24 currents whilst using standard wiring and control gear.
or an application 24 This is achieved by energising the coil of a contactor,
ommonly used starting methods for which closes the main contacts allowing the full load
s 25
current to the motor.
26
26 A contactor works in the same manner as a relay but
27 generally switches 3 phases and can handle high
28 motor starting currents.
29 Because only a small coil voltage and current is
ng starters 30 required to activate the contactor coil, it is also easy
30 to integrate into an automatic control system where
tor with overload relay) 32 the contactor can be controlled by electronic control
chanical latch 36 systems.
40
Contactors are one of the two main components
44
Starter_DOL_Reversing Soft_starter_symbol Starter_regulator_symbol
that make-up a motor starter, the second one being
44
overload relays. Contactors are the control device
48
and overload relays are the protection device. Hence,
Scale: 1:10 50
50 contactors are normally used in conjunction with an
Page: 6
tactor 51 overload protection device. 12 14 22 24
lumination equipment 52 1 3 5
13 1 3 5 A1
54 L1 L2 L3
duty ratings 54 K1M
56
60 14 2 4 6 A2 Q1 3 6
60
61 I> I> I>
62 Load switching with Sprecher+Schuh CS7 T1 T2 T3
63 and CS8 industrial control relays 2 4 6
65
Motor_starter_symbol Contactor_1 Finder_1
66 Industrial control relays contain a contact system
67 suitable for the switching of auxiliary circuits
Mechanical_Interlock
67 (command, signalling and interlocking circuits), in
Mechanical_Latching_Device Circuit_Breakers_KTA_7

67 control circuits with higher voltage ratings.

5 6 7 68 8 r1 r2 13 21 Operation
A1 is by energising the coil of the relay, which
69 closes the 67 55
T1 contact system allowing a current path.
70 Break contact
F2
78 RT7 A1 13 21 33 43
68
13 21
56
79 T2
motor starting time current curves 80
14 22 A2A2 14 22 34 44 14 22
Make contact

1 2 3 4 5
Themistor_RT7 Aux_1
Numbering_Sequence_Example Identification_Number_31E Auxiliary_Circuit1

A1 13 21 33 43 53 61 73 83 13 21 31 43

A2 14 22 34 44 54 62 74 84 14 22 32 44
 Load switching with Finder general
purpose relays
General purpose relays are similar to industrial
control relays in that they contain a contact
system suitable for the switching of auxiliary
Soft_starter_symbol Starter_regulator_symbol
circuits in control circuits. General purpose relays
are physically small in size and are designed for
switching low amperage current.

12 14 22 24

13 1 3 5 A1
K1M
14 2 4 6 A2 3 6

Contactor_1 Finder_1
Time delay relays with Sprecher+Schuh
CRZE7 electronic timers and CA7
contactors
2 13 21 A1 Electronic timers are mounted on the contactor or
67 55
T1 control relay coil terminals A1, A2.
The timers provide a set of auxiliary contacts that
7 change68state with
56 a time delay after the contactor
T2 is energised or de-energised. Timers are available in
14 22 A2 On-delay and Off-delay versions, and both versions
include a normally open N/O and normally closed
N/C output contact as standard.

Themistor_RT7 For On-delay function, the relay is energised at the

Aux_1
end of the delay time, whereas with Off-delay,
once the control signal is interrupted the relay is
de-energised at the end of the delay time.

On delay

6
 Timing devices with Sprecher+Schuh
CZE7 pneumatic timers and CA7
contactors
Pneumatic time delay relays are mounted on
the contactor or control relay in place of an
auxiliary contact block. The contacts of the
timing element switch according to the set time,
switching mechanically, on closing or opening of
the contactor.

Time delay relays with Sprecher+Schuh RZ7

electronic timers
Time delay relays provide a simple form of time-
based control which allows the user to open or close
the contacts based on a specified timing function.
Time delay relays are used within a control circuit.
For example, on delay, or off delay. With star-delta
motor starting, timing relays are used to initiate the
changeover, after a set period of time, from star to
delta connection.

U A1/A2

Y t 17/18

∆ 17/28
tu=50...65ms
LED

Refer to section 10.5 Timers for full description of all timing functions

7
 Interlocking devices with Sprecher+Schuh
CA7 and CA8 contactors
Mechanical interlocking together with electrical
interlocking prevents the simultaneous closing
of two contactors due to surges or manual
actuation. This is required for situations whereby
the simultaneous making of two contactors would
cause a short-circuit, for example, in changeover or
reversing applications.

L1
L2
L3
N
PE

Q1

A1 1 3 5 A1 1 3 5
K1 M1 K2

A2 2 4 6 A2 2 4 6

1 3 5
F1
2 4 6

U V W

M1 M
3~

File Name: pg68_Starters_CAU7_CT7_Main_Circuit

Location: 4.1 Reversing startes CAU 3 + CT 3 Main circuit
Scale: 1:10 (Normal Size)

8
Mechanical latching with
Sprecher+Schuh CA7 contactor and
CV7 latch
Mechanical latching devices can be directly
mounted onto the contactor or control relay.
The mechanical latch prevents the contactor
from returning to it’s rest position after being
de-energised. The mechanical latch module
incorporates a de-latching magnet to allow the
contactor to drop-out. This can be accomplished
via a voltage pulse or manually.
A mechanical latch is used to save power in
the control circuit when the contactors are to
remain energized for long periods or when the
contactors cannot change state during a voltage
interruption. A typical application for mechanical
latching is lighting circuits.

9
 Contactor_Normally_Closed_Poles Solid_State_Contactor_Single

Load_Break_Isolator_Switch Load_Break_Fuse_Switch_Single Load_Break_Fuse_Switch

Starter_DOL_Non_Reversing Electronic_Starter

Motor Protection with Sprecher+Schuh

Thermal overload relays are a protection device
that can detect the amount of current in the
circuit. If the level becomes too high, the
overload will send a signal to indicate the trip
and further disconnect the load.
Overload relays are used to avoid the motor
overheating which can lead to a reduction in
the expected motor life and ultimately, motor
failure.
Circuit_Breaker_Single Circuit_Breaker
Causes of overloads can typically include: Thermal_Overload_Trip_Element
- Excessive load
Duasized
- An incorrectly l_W inding_Coil
motor On_Delay_Timer_Coil
- Low or imbalanced incoming voltage
It is important to understand that there are
two types of Overload devices. The Thermal
overload; sometimes referred to as the bi-metal
I> overload and the electronic overload.

Sprecher+Schuh CT7N and CT8 thermal

overload relays
A thermal overload detects the heat created
by the current within the circuit. Simply put,
excess current creates heat and this causes
Short_Circuit_Trip_Element Earth_Leakage_CB
the bi-metal strip in the overload device to Contactor_Single
Delay_Timer_With_Initaiting_Input Control_Contact_Normally_Open_Single
heat up and trip contacts are used to open the
contactor coil circuit.

1 3 5 95

2 4 6 96

Control_Contact_Normally_Closed Change_Over_Contact
Contactor Overload_Relay Contactor_Normally_Closed_Poles_Single

10
 Circuit_Breaker_Single Circuit_Breaker Thermal_Overload_Trip_Element

Dual_W inding_Coil On_Delay_Timer_Coil

I>

Electronic Motor Protection with

Sprecher+Schuh CEP7 overload relays
The electronic overload relay monitors the current via
built-in current transformers. If the current exceeds a
Short_Circuit_Trip_Element Earth_Leakage_CB
predetermined amount and time, the device will trip. Contactor_Single
Delay_Timer_With_Initaiting_Input Control_Contact_Normally_Open_Single
Compared to a thermal overload relay, the current
setting range of the CEP7 is very large 5:1. In addition,
the overload electronics produces quick-acting phase
failure protection.

1 3 5 95

2 4 6 96

Sprecher+Schuh KTA7/KTC7 motor

protection circuit breakers
Control_Contact_Normally_Closed Change_Over_Contact
Contactor Motor protection circuit breakers (MPCB) are Contactor_Normally_Closed_Poles_Single
Overload_Relay a
particular type of circuit breaker designed for motor
protection. They are a circuit breaker and thermal
overload within the one device, hence they provide
short circuit protection, thermal motor protection,
protection of connecting and turning motors off
and on. The motor protection circuit breaker has an
adjustable thermal overload trip and a non-adjustable
magnetic short-circuit trip.
The selection of a motor protection circuit breaker
is dependent on rated current, fault rating capacity,
available space and circuitry components.
• KTA7 motor protection circuit breakers are suitable
for standard motor control applications
• KTC7 motor protection circuit breakers should be
selected for high efficiency motors which have a
le: 1:10 high inrush that can cause nuisance tripping on the
e: 6 standard KTA7 product

1 3 5
L1 L2 L3

Q1

I> I> I>

T1 T2 T3
2 4 6

Mechanical_Interlock Mechanical_Latching_Device Circuit_Breakers_KTA_7

11
6 7 8

Break contact
A1 13 21 33 43 13 21

A2 14 22 34 44 14 22
Make contact

2 3 4

Numbering_Sequence_Example Identification_Number_31E Auxiliary_Circuit1

 Thermistor protection with Sprecher+Schuh
RT7 relays
These thermistor-type protection units are a device
that directly monitors the temperature of a given
object via a PTC (positive temperature coefficient)
resistor, acting as a temperature sensor typically
placed on the motor windings. The outcome is
an independent and reliable method of thermal
protection that also takes external environmental
influences into account.

Thermistor
protection relay

PTC thermistor embedded in motor windings

12
 A1 B1 A1

A2 B2 A2 B2

Control devices with Sprecher+Schuh D7

pushbuttons
Scale: 1:10
Page: 7 These control devices which are mounted on the
outside of an enclosure, serve for operating of contacts,
Coils2 Coils3
on or off or performing changeover functions, for
devices to be actuated in a control circuit.
Pushbuttons are actuated by finger pressure on the
A1 button face, and there are differentA1 functional
B1 types A1
of pushbutton operators; Momentary pushbuttons,
E1 13 21 operate when pressed, and if finger pressure is removed,
S.. A2 the pushbutton reverts to its normal A2position
B2 (e.g. for A2 B2
momentary / impulse contact control).
E2 13 22
Latched pushbuttons remain in the depressed position
after being pressed. They are released by a second
pressing action where they revert to the normal
position (e.g. for maintained contact control).
Coils1 Mushroom operator type pushbuttons Coils2
offer an Coils3

Control_Elements_D7
increased surface area for reliable actuation when
Coils5
wearing gloves.
Emergency Stop buttons (sometimes referred to as
Estops) are latched in the depressed state when pressed,
L1 L2 L3 A1 B1 and are unlatched by ‘twist-to-release’ orE1 pull action. 13 21
1U Emergency Stop buttons may also include a locking
U
device, where unlatching is only by means of a key. S..
A2 E2 13 22

1W 1V Signalling devices with Sprecher+Schuh D7

W V
pilot lights
These signalling devices (pilot lights) are mounted on the
Coils4 Control_Elements_D7
outside of an enclosure, and are usedCoils5
for visual indication.
Motor_Winding1 Motor_Winding1_2 Pilot lights are connected in such a way so that they
illuminate when the associated power device is in the
operating circumstance being monitored. Common
L1 L2 L3 1U
L1 operating circumstances which utilise pilot lights include
L1 X1
2U U
power available, run, ready, and trip. Typically, red pilot
1U lights are used to indicate run, green pilot lights are used
H..
to indicate ready, and yellow pilot lights are used to
X2 indicate trip or caution.
2W 2V 1W 1V
For contactors, pilot lights are connected so that they 1W 1V
illuminate when the associatedWcontactor is on.VThey are
1W 1V 2W 1U 2Voperated by an auxiliary contact on the contactor being
L3 2U L2 L3 L2monitored. In this way, the pilot light correctly indicates
the contactor switching state. In addition, pilot lights are
Signalling_Elements_DL7 sometimes used in conjunction Motor_Winding1
with sound and other Motor_Winding1_2
warning devices.
Motor_Winding3 Motor_Winding4
L1
L1 L1 U1 L1 2U
2U 1U 13

U2 2W 2V
U1 V1
W2 V2 W1 1W 1V
1V M1
W1 V1
1W 1W 1V 2W 1U 2V
L3 U2 V2 W2 L2 2U
2V L3 L2 L3 L2
2W 1U
L2
L3
Motor_Winding2 Motor_Winding3 Motor_Winding4
 Wiring with Sprecher+Schuh V7 terminals
Terminals are detachable connector elements
for electrical conductors. The through terminals
facilitate the connection of conductors or serve as
terminals for external lines to the devices, equipment
combinations and switch cabinets. The conductors
are held directly by screws or nuts or by means of a
clamping element.

1 2 3 4 5

Controlled starting with Sprecher+Schuh

PCS soft starters
Soft starters are a reduced voltage start that works by
electronically controlling the voltage applied to the
motor. Voltage from the 3 phase power line is controlled
through a solid state device, such as a SCRs (silicon
controlled rectifier) or thyristors. These devices (SCRs
or thyristors) are switched (on/off), which then applies
voltage (3 phase) to the motor in a controlled state,
allowing the motor to slowly ramp to full speed.
Soft starters reduce the mechanical torque to the load
and reduce starting current peaks and are a component
or assembled in a switchboard or control panel.

Speed and process control with

Allen-Bradley PowerFlex variable
L_Reversing Soft_starter_symbol speed drives
Starter_r egulator_symbol
A variable speed drive (VSD) alters the speed of
an electric motor by changing the frequency.
Voltage from the 3 phase (or single phase) power
line is converted to DC voltage through a AC to DC
12 14 22 24
converter. Solid state devices, referred to as IGBT
13 1 3 5 A1 (insulated gate bi-polar transistors) are switched
to create a 3 phase waveform to the motor. This
K1M switching allows the drive to control the frequency
14 2 4 6 A2 and voltage, allowing3 you to6control the motor speed
with infinite control (zero – full speed).
VSDs can vary the speed of the motor at any time
during the process for any duration, which yields the
benefits of process control and energy savings.
er_symbol Contactor_1 Finder_1
14
Starter_DOL_Reversing Soft_starter_symbol Starter_r egulator_symbol

r1 r2 13 21 A1
67 55
T1

RT7 68
12 14
56
22 24
T2
13 1 3 5 A1
14 22 A2
K1M
14 2 4 6 A2 3 6
 Scale: 1:10
Page: 1

Isolation of motor loads with

Sprecher+Schuh L7 load-break switches
The load-break switch is a mechanical switching
device capable of making, carrying and breaking
currents under normal circuit conditions.
Load-break switches are designed for use in local
motor isolation and disconnect switch applications.
Isolator_Switch_Single Isolator_Switch Load_Break
The inclusion of the handle allows for manual
operation.

Circuit protection with Wohner fuses and

fuse switches
Load_Break_Isolator_Switch Load_Break_Fuse_Switch_Single Load_B
These fuses are an electrical safety device that
operates to provide overload and short circuit
protection of an electrical circuit. The fuse itself
is a metal wire or strip that melts when too much
current flows, which breaks the circuit in which it
is connected, thereby protecting the circuit’s other
Isolator_Switch components from damage due to excessive current.
Load_Break_Isolator_Switch_Single
A fuse switch is a switch in series with a fuse in a
single housing or enclosure.

Circuit_Breaker_Single Circuit_Breaker Thermal_O

h Load_Break_Fuse_Switch_Single I>
Load_Break_Fuse_Switch

Short_Circuit_Trip_Element 15
Earth_Leakage_CB Co

1 3 5

Circuit_Breaker Thermal_Overload_Trip_Element
2 4 6
 Scale: 1:10
Page: 1
Isolator_Switch_Single Isolator_Switch Load_Break_Isolator_Switch_Single

Isolator_Switch_Single Isolator_Switch

Scale: 1:10
Page: 1
Isolator_Switch_Single Isolator_Switch Load_Break_Isolator_Switch
Load_Break_Isolator_Switch_Single Load_Break_Fuse_Switch_Single

Isolator_Switch_Single Isolator_Switch Load_Break_Isolator_Switch_Single

Load_Break_Isolator_Switch Load_Break_Fuse_Switch_Single Load_Break_Fuse_Switch

2. General
Isolator_Switch 2.1 Graphical symbols with
Load_Break_Isolator_Switch_Single nomenclature for
Load_Break_Isolator_Switch Load_Break_Fuse_Switch_Single
circuit diagrams
These are the symbols as per AS/NZS 1102.107:1997, and industry standards
e: 1:10
:1 which show the common devices and control functions utilised in association
Isolator_Switch_Single Isolator_Switch
Load_Break_Isolator_Switch with the control of motors.
Load_Break_Fuse_Switch_Single Circuit_Breaker_Single
Load_Break_Fuse_Switch Circuit_Breaker

Drawing symbol Item Drawing symbol Item

Isolator_Switch Load_Break_Isolator_Switch
Load_Break_Isolator_Switch_Single Load_Break_Fuse_Switch_Single Load_Break_Fuse_Switch
Load break
Circuit_Breaker_Single Circuit_Breaker Isolator Thermal_Overload_Trip_Element
isolator
switch
I> switch

Load_Break_Fuse_Switch_Single Load_Break_Fuse_Switch Scale: 1:10 Circuit_Breaker_Single Circuit_Breaker

Page:
Load 2
break Circuit
Power Delivery

fuse switch breaker

I>
Isolator_Switch_Single Isolator_Switch Load_Break_Isolator_Switch_Single
Load_Break_Isolator_Switch Load_Break_Fuse_Switch_Single
:10 Circuit_Breaker_Single Circuit_Breaker Short_Circuit_Trip_Element
Thermal_Overload_Trip_Element Earth_Leakage_CB
Thermal
Short circuit
overload I> trip element
trip element
Load_Break_Fuse_Switch_Single Circuit_Breaker_Single
Load_Break_Fuse_SwitchScale: 1:10 Circuit_Breaker Thermal_Overload_Trip_Element
Short_Circuit_Trip_Element Earth_Leakage_CB EarthPage: 2 Contactor_Single
1 3 5
Contactor
leakage
I> circuit
- normally
open poles
breaker 2 4 6
Circuit_Breaker Thermal_Overload_Trip_Element ConShort_Circuit_Trip_Element
tactor_Normally_Closed_Poles
Earth_Leakage_CB
Solid_State_Contactor_Single
I> 1 3 5 Contactor
Overload
– normally
relay
Load_Break_Isolator_Switch Load_Break_Fuse_Switch_Single
2 4 6 Circuit_Breaker_Single closed poles
Load_Break_Fuse_Switch Circuit_Breaker
Short_Circuit_Trip_Element Earth_Leakage_CB ContactorContactor_Single Overload_Relay
1 3 5
Contactor_Normally_Closed_Poles Solid_State_Contactor_Single Solid_State_Contactor
Starter –
Solid state
DOL non 2 4 6
contactor
Circuit_Breaker Short_Circuit_Trip_Element
Thermal_Overload_Trip_Element Earth_Leakage_CB reversing Contactor_Single
Contactor Overload_Relay ContactorContactor_Normally_Closed_Poles_Single
_Normally_Closed_Poles Solid_State_Contactor_Single
1 3 5 I>
Electronic
2 4 6 starter
Earth_Leakage_CB Contactor_Single Contactor
1 3 5 Overload_Relay
Starter_DOL_Non_Reversing Electronic_Starter
Solid_State_Contactor_Single Solid_State_Contactor

2 4 6
Circuit_Breaker_Single Circuit_Breaker Thermal_Overload_Trip_Element
Short_Circuit_Trip_Element Earth_Leakage_CB
16
Contactor
1 3 5 Overload_Relay Contactor_Normally_Closed_Poles_Single
Starter_DOL_Non_Reversing Electronic_Starter Coil

2 4 6
Earth_Leakage_CB Contactor Contactor_Single Overload_Relay Contactor_Normally_Closed_Poles_Single
1 3 5
Starter_DOL_Non_Reversing Electronic_Starter
I>
2 4 6

Overload_Relay
1 3 5 Contactor_Normally_Closed_Poles_Single
Dual_W inding_Coil On_Delay_Timer_Coil
Electronic_Starter Coil
 Contactor_Normally_Closed_Scale:
Poles 1:10 Solid_State_Contactor_Single Solid_State_Contactor
Page: 3

mally_Closed_Poles Solid_State_Contactor_Single Solid_State_Contactor

Contactor_Normally_Closed_Poles Solid_State_Contactor_Single Solid_State_Contactor
Solid_State_Contactor_Single Solid_State_Contactor

Contactor_Normally_Closed_Poles Starter_DOL_Non_Reversing
Solid_State_Contactor_Single Solid_State_Contactor
Electronic_Starter
Starter_DOL_Non_Reversing Electronic_Starter Coil
Early_Make_Contact NC_Delay_On_Closing

Contactor_Normally_Closed_Poles Solid_State_Contactor_Single Solid_State_Contactor

Starter_DOL_Non_Reversing Electronic_Starter
Early_Make_Contact NC_Delay_On_Closing Coil NC_Delay_On_Closing2

_Non_Reversing
Solid_State_Contactor_Single Electronic_Starter
Solid_State_Contactor Coil
Starter_DOL_Non_Reversing Electronic_Starter Coil
ake_Contact NC_Delay_On_Closing NC_Delay_On_Closing2
Electronic_Starter Coil
Drawing Drawing
ake_Contact NC_Delay_On_Closing Item NC_Delay_On_Closing2
Item
symbol symbol
Starter_DOL_Non_Reversing
Dual_W inding_Coil Electronic_Starter On_Delay_Timer_Coil Coil
Dual_W inding_Coil On_DelO! ay_delay
Timertimer
_Coil Off_Delay_Timer_Coil
Coil NC_Delay_On_Closing3 NC_Delay_On_Opening
coil
Component controls

Starter_DOL_Non_Reversing Electronic_Starter Coil

Drawing symbol Item
Dual_W inding_Coil On_Delay_Timer_Co
NC_Delay_On_Closing3 il
Dual Off_DDelay
NC_Delay_On_Openingelay_timer
Timerwith
_Coil NO_Delay_On_Closing
winding coil initiating input
Load break
nding_CElectronic_Starter
oil isolator On_Delay_Timer_Coil Coil Off_Delay_Timer_Coil
Dual_W inding_Coil switch On_Delay_Timer_Coil Off_Delay_Timer_Coil
_On_Closing3 NC_Delay_On_Opening NO_Delay_On_Closing
On_Delay_Timer_Coil Off_Delay_Timer_CoOn il delay
_On_Closing3 NC_Delay_On_Opening NO_Delay_On_Closing
timer coil
Circuit Dual_W inding_Coil On_Delay_Timer_Coil Control_Contact_Normally_Open_Single
Off_Delay_Timer_Coil
Delay_Timer_With_Initaiting_Input
breaker
Delay_Timer_With_Initaiting_Input Control_Contact_Normally_Open_Single Control_Contact_Normally_O
Normally NO_Delay_On_Opening NO_Delay_On_Opening2
open – Thermal over-
closes on load contact
Short circuit actuation
Dual_W inding_Coil On_Delay_Timer_Coil Off_Delay_Timer_Coil
trip element
Delay_Timer_With_Initaiting_Input Control_Contact_Normally_Open_Single
NO_Delay_On_Opening Normally Control_Contact_Normally_Open
NO_Delay_On_Opening2 Thermal_Overload_Contact
Pushbutton –
closed –
momentary with
Control contacts

th_Initaiting_Input Off_Delay_Timer_Coopens
Control_Contact_Normally_Open_Single
On_Delay_Timer_Coil Contactor il on Control_Contact_Normally_Open
N/O contact
elay_Timer_With_Initaiting_Input Control_Contact_Normally_Open_Single actuation Control_Contact_Normally_Open
_On_Opening - normally NO_Delay_On_Opening2 Thermal_Overload_Contact
open poles
ntrol_Contact_Normally_Open_Single Control_Contact_Normally_Open Thermal_Overload_Contact
_On_Opening NO_Delay_On_Opening2
Pushbutton –
Change over
momentary with
Delay_Timer_With_Initaiting_Input contact
Contactor Control_Contact_Control_Contact_Normally_Open_Single
Normally_ClosN/C
ed contact Change_Over_CControl_Contact_Normally_
ontact
– normally C on t r ol _ Cont a ct _ Nor mally_C losed C han ge_ Ove r _Contact Late_Br eak_Contact
Scale: 1:10 Pushbutton_Momentary_NO_contact Pushbutton_Momentary_NC_contact
closed poles
Page: 3
Mushroom head
Late break
pushbutton,
contact
Delay_Timer_With_Initaiting_Input
Starter – Control_Contact_Normally_Open_Single Control_Contact_Normally_Open
with N/C contact
Control_Contact_Normally_CDOL non
losedPushbutton_Momentary_NO_contact
Change_Over_Contact Late_Br eak_Contact
Pushbutton_Momentary_NC_contact Pushbutton_Mushroom_Head_NC_contact
reversing 1 2

_Normally_Closed
ntrol_Contact_Normally_Open_Single r_Contact Early make
Change_OveControl_Contact_Normally_Open Late_Br eak_Contact
Control_Contact_Normally_Closed Change_Over_Contaccontact
t Late_Br eak_Contact
mentary_NO_contact Pushbutton_Momentary_NC_contact Pushbutton_Mushroom_Head_NC_contact
Change_ Ove
mentary_NO_contactr _Contact La t e_ Br e
Pushbutton_Momentary_NC_contactak_Contact Pushbutton_Mushroom_Head_NC_contact
1 2
OFF RUN START
A B
Control_Contact_Normally_Closed Change_Over_Contact Late_Br eak_Contact

Pushbutton_Mushroom_Head_Emergency C D
Two_Position_Rotary_Switch
1 2 Early_Make_Contact NC_Delay_On_Closing NC_Delay_On_Closing2
1 2 A
OFF RUN START
B 17
OFF RUN START
A B
Control_Contact_Normally_Closed Change_Over_Contact C Late_Br eak_Contact
D
Pushbutton_Mushroom_Head_Emergency C D
Two_Position_Rotary_Switch Three_Position_Turn_To_Operate_Switch

Change_Over_Contact Late_Br eak_Contact

room_Head_Emergency Two_Position_Rotary_Switch Three_Position_Turn_To_Operate_Switch
room_Head_Emergency Two_Position_Rotary_Switch Three_Position_Turn_To_Operate_Switch
 On_Closing3 NC_Delay_On_Opening NO_Delay_On_Closing

NO_Delay_On_Opening NO_Delay_On_Opening2

ale: 1:10 Scale: 1:10

ge: 3
: 1:10 Page: 3
3 NO_Delay_On_Opening NO_Delay_On_Opening2 Thermal_Overload_Contact

_On_Opening NO_Delay_On_Opening2 Thermal_Overload_Contact

0
Pushbutton_Momentary_NO_contact Pushbutton_Momentary_NC_contact
Drawing Drawing
Item Item
symbol symbol

Emergency Stop
N/C – switch. Latching
Early_Make_Contact Early_Make_Contact
NC_Delay_On_Closing NC_Delay_On_Closing
NC_Delay_On_Closing2 NC_Delay_On_Closing2
opens operator with 1 2
Early_Make_Contact NC_Delay_On_Closing
Pushbutton_Momentary_NO_contact NC_Delay_On_Closing2
instantly, Pushbutton_Momentary_NC_contact
mushroom head. Pushbutton_Mushroom_Head_NC_contact
delay on Arrow – denotes
closing positive opening
operation
Control contacts

mentary_NO_contact
NC_Delay_On_Closing Pushbutton_Momentary_NC_contact Pushbutton_Mushroom_Head_NC_contact
N/C
NC_Delay_On_Closing2 – 1 2
delay on 2 position rotary A
OFF RUN START
B
Early_Make_Contact
NC_Delay_On_Closing NC_Delay_On_Closing
NC_Delay_On_Closing2 NC_Delay_On_Closing2
opening switch
Pushbutton_Mushroom_Head_Emergency Two_Position_Rotary_Switch
C D

3 position “turn
1 2 to operate”
N/O – OFF RUN START

NC_Delay_On_Closing3 NC_Delay_On_Closing3 delay on

NC_Delay_On_Opening A switch. Spring
B NO_Delay_On_Closing
NC_Delay_On_Opening NO_Delay_On_Closing
NC_Delay_On_Closing3 NC_Delay_On_Opening closing return from
NO_Delay_On_Closing
Pushbutton_Mushroom_Head_Emergency Two_Position_Rotary_Switch
C D right to centre. 2 Three_Position_Turn_To_Operate_Switch
contacts

N/O -
delay on
oom_Head_Emergency
NC_Delay_On_Opening Two_Position_Rotary_Switch Three_Position_Turn_To_Operate_Switch
NO_Delay_On_Closingopening
NC_Delay_On_Closing3
NC_Delay_On_Opening NC_Delay_On_Opening
NO_Delay_On_Closing NO_Delay_On_Closing

NO_Delay_On_Opening NO_Delay_On_Opening
NO_Delay_On_Opening2 NO_Delay_On_Opening2
Thermal_Overload_Contact Thermal_Overload_Contact
NO_Delay_On_Opening NO_Delay_On_Opening2 Thermal_Overload_Contact

NO_Delay_On_Opening2 Thermal_Overload_Contact
NO_Delay_On_Opening
NO_Delay_On_Opening2 NO_Delay_On_Opening2
Thermal_Overload_Contact Thermal_Overload_Contact

Pushbutton_Momentary_NO_contact Pushbutton_Momentary_NO_contact
Pushbutton_Momentary_NC_contact Pushbutton_Momentary_NC_contact
Pushbutton_Mushroom_Head_NC_contact Pushbutton_Mushroom_Head_NC_co
18
ushbutton_Momentary_NO_contact Pushbutton_Momentary_NC_contact Pushbutton_Mushroom_Head_NC_contact

1 2 1 2
OFF RUN START OFF RUN START

Pushbutton_Momentary_NC_contact 1 2
Pushbutton_Mushroom_Head_NC_contact A B A B
OFF RUN START
A B
button_Momentary_NO_contact
Pushbutton_Momentary_NC_contact Pushbutton_Momentary_NC_contact Pushbutton_Mushroom_Head_NC_contact
Pushbutton_Mushroom_Head_NC_contact D
C D C
C D
 Scale: 1:10
Page: 4
Scale: 1:10
ale: 1:10 Page: 4 Scale: 1:10
ge: 4
: 1:10 Page: 4
4

Position_Switch_Make_Contact Position_Switch_Break_Contact Float_Level_Actuated_Co

Scale: 1:10
Page: 4
Position_Switch_Make_Contact Position_Switch_Break_Contact Float_Level_Actuated_Contac

le: 1:10 Scale: 1:10

Position_Switch_Make_Contact Position_Switch_Break_Contact Float_Level_Actuated_Contact
e: 4 Page: 4 p Θ
Position_Switch_Make_Contact Position_Switch_Break_Contact
Position_Switch_Make_Contact Float_Level_Actuated_Contact
Position_Switch_Break_Contact Float_Level_Actuated_Contact
Drawing
Position_Switch_Make_Contact Drawing
Position_Switch_Break_Contact Drawing
Float_Level_Actuated_Contact
Item Item Item
symbol symbol symbol
p Θ
witch_Make_Contact Emergency StopPosition_Switch_Break_Contact Position Float_Level_Actuated_Contact
switch. Latching / limit Foot actuated
Position_Switch_Break_Contact p Float_Level_Actuated_Contact Θ
operator with actuated contact / switch
External control functions

p
sition_Switch_Break_Contact
mushroom head. p
Pressure_Actuated_Contact
Float_Level_Actuated_Contact contact Foot_Actuated_Contact
Θ Temperature_Actuated_Co
Θ
p Arrow – denotes Θ
positive opening Scale: 1:10
Position_Switch_Make_Contact Position_Switch_Break_Contact
Temperature Float_Level_Actuated_Cont
Page:
Float / 5level
operation actuated
p actuated
Pressure_Actuated_Contact Θ Foot_Actuated_Contact Temperature_Actuated_Contac
contact
contact
Scale:rotary Θ
1:10 Pressure_Actuated_Contact Foot_Actuated_Contact Temperature_Actuated_Contact
Position_Switch_Make_Contact
2 position Position_Switch_Make_Contact
Position_Switch_Break_Contact Position_Switch_Break_Contact
Float_Level_Actuated_Contact Float_Level_Actuated_Contact
Page: 5 Θ
switch
Pressure_Actuated_Contact Foot_Actuated_Contact
Pressure_Actuated_Contact Temperature_Actuated_Contact
Foot_Actuated_Contact Temperature_Actuated_Contact
Scale: 1:10 Pressure
Pressure_Actuated_ContactPage: 5 Foot_Actuated_Contact Temperature_Actuated_Contact
p actuated A Θ
3 position “turn contact
Position_Switch_Break_Contact
_Actuated_Contact to operate” Float_Level_Actuated_Contact
Foot_Actuated_Contact Temperature_Actuated_Contact

p
switch. Spring p
Foot_Actuated_Contact Temperature_Actuated_Contact Θ Θ
return from A Control
Foot_Actuated_Contact right to centre. 2 Control_Circuit_Fuse
Temperature_Actuated_Contact Capacitor
Control_Circuit_Fuse_With_The_Line Indicating_Light
circuit fuse
contacts A
Pressure_Actuated_Contact AmmeterFoot_Actuated_Contact Capacitor
Temperature_Actuated_Con
Indicating
Θ
Control_Circuit_Fuse Control_Circuit_Fuse_With_The_Line Indicating_Light
A light. Colour
A Pressure_Actuated_Contact code added Inductor
Other devices

Control_Circuit_Fuse
Foot_Actuated_Contactnext to Control_Circuit_Fuse_With_The_Line
Pressure_Actuated_Contact Foot_Actuated_Contact
Temperature_Actuated_Contact Indicating_Light
Temperature_Actuated_Contact
Ammeter Capacitor Inductor
Control_Circuit_Fuse Control_Circuit_Fuse_With_The_Line
Control_Circuit_Fuse symbol Indicating_Light
Control_Circuit_Fuse_With_The_Line Indicating_Light
Control_Circuit_Fuse Ammeter
Control_Circuit_Fuse_With_The_Line Capacitor Indicating_Light Inductor

Surge
Foot_Actuated_Contact
rol_Circuit_Fuse Temperature_Actuated_Contact
Control_Circuit_Fuse_With_The_Line diverter Indicating_Light Resistor
Ammeter Capacitor Inductor
Control_Circuit_Fuse_With_The_Line
Ammeter Capacitor Indicating_Light Inductor
ol_Circuit_Fuse_With_The_Line Surge_Divertor
Indicating_Light Earth_Ground_Symbol Current_Transformer1
Earth /
ground Potentiometer
Control_Circuit_Fuse Control_Circuit_Fuse_With_The_Line
Resistor Potentiometer Indicating_Light
symbol
Surge_Divertor Earth_Ground_Symbol Current_Transformer1

Control_Circuit_Fuse Surge_Divertor
Control_Circuit_Fuse_With_The_Line
Control_Circuit_Fuse Earth_Ground_Symbol
Control_Circuit_Fuse_With_The_Line
Indicating_Light Current_Transformer1
U1 V1Indicating_Light
W1
Resistor Current Potentiometer Thermistor / Thermistor_RTD
Surge_Divertor Earth_Ground_Symbol
Surge_Divertor transformer U Earth_Ground_Symbol
V WCurrent_Transformer1
RTD Current_Transformer1
ResistorEarth_Ground_Symbol Potentiometer Thermistor_RTD
Surge_Divertor
M1
Current_Transformer1 M1 M
M
U13 ~V1 W1 3~
urge_Divertor
Control_Circuit_Fuse_With_The_Line U V W Indicating_Light
Earth_Ground_Symbol Current_Transformer1
Resistor Potentiometer Thermistor_RTD
U1 V1 W1 U2 V2 W2
ResistorEarth_Ground_Symbol M1 Potentiometer
UM V Current_Transformer1
W M1Thermistor_RTD
M 19
Earth_Ground_Symbol Current_Transformer2
Current_Transformer1 3~ Voltage_Transformer1 Voltage_Transformer2
M1 3~ M1 M
U1 MV1 W1
U V W 3 ~ Earth_Ground_Symbol
3~
U1 V1 W1
Surge_Divertor Motor_AC_3Phase
U2 V2 W2 Current_Transformer1
Motor_AC_3Phase_Dual_Winding

U V W M1 M Current_Transformer2
M U2 V2Voltage_Transformer1
W2 Voltage_Transformer2
M1 3M~
3M~ Surge_Divertor Current_Transformer2
Surge_Divertor
Earth_Ground_Symbol Voltage_Transformer1
Earth_Ground_Symbol
Current_Transformer1 Voltage_Transformer2
Current_Transformer1
Motor_AC_3Phase
3~ Motor_AC_3Phase_Dual_Winding Wiring_Examples
3~ Current_Transformer2 Voltage_Transformer1
Current_Transformer2
U2 V2 W2
Voltage_Transformer2
Voltage_Transformer1 Voltage_Transformer2
Current_Transformer2 Motor_AC_3Phase
Voltage_Transformer1 Motor_AC_3Phase_Dual_Winding
Voltage_Transformer2 Wiring_Examples
U2 V2 W2
 Control_Circuit_Fuse Control_Circuit_Fuse_With_The_Line Indicating_Light

Control_Circuit_Fuse_With_The_Line Indicating_Light
Scale: 1:10
Page: 5

A
Surge_Divertor Earth_Ground_Symbol Current_Transformer1
Scale: 1:10
Page: 5

Drawing
Earth_Ground_Symbol Current_Transformer1 Item
symbol

Ammeter Capacitor Inducto

A

Voltage transformer
Scale: 1:10
Page: 5

Current_Transformer2 Voltage_Transformer1 Voltage_Transformer2

Ammeter Capacitor Inductor

Voltage_Transformer1 A
Voltage_Transformer2 Meter. Function letter
added inside
Resistor Potentiometer Thermistor
Other devices

U1 V1 W1
U V W
Ammeter Capacitor Inductor
M1 M1 M
M Motor AC, 3 phase.
Star or delta connected 3~
Resistor 3 ~
Potentiometer Thermistor_RTD

U2 V2 W2

U1 V1 W1
U V W
Motor_AC_3Phase Motor_AC_3Phase_Dual_Winding Wiring_Exa
M1 M1 M
M Motor AC, 3 phase,
3~ 6 wire connected, 2
3~ speed, star/delta, dual
winding
U2 V2 W2
Resistor Potentiometer Thermistor_RTD

Motor_AC_3Phase Motor_AC_3Phase_Dual_Winding Wiring_Examples

U1 V1 W1
U V W

M1 M1 M
M
3~
3No_Connection
~ Wiring_Junction_Connection Terminal_For_Connec
U2 V2 W2

20
Motor_AC_3Phase Motor_AC_3Phase_Dual_Winding Wiring_Examples

No_Connection Wiring_Junction_Connection Terminal_For_Connection_Of_Wiring

Plug_In_Connection1 Plug_In_Connection2 Bridge_Re

 M1 M
M
3~
3~
Motor_AC_3Phase Motor_AC_3Phase_Dual_Winding
U2 V2 W2
Capacitor Inductor
A Capacitor
Ammeter Inductor
Capacitor Inductor

tor_AC_3Phase Motor_AC_3Phase_Dual_Winding Wiring_Examples

Ammeter Capacitor Inductor

Capacitor Inductor

No_Connection Wiring_Junction_Connection
Capacitor Inductor
Potentiometer Thermistor_RTD
Drawing Drawing Potentiometer Thermistor_RTD
Resistor Item Item
Potentiometer symbol
Thermistor_RTD symbol

No_Connection Wiring_Junction_Connection Terminal_For_Connection_Of_Wiring

U1 V1 W1 Power wiring
installed U1Plug
V1in W1
U1 V1 W1 U V W between connection
M1 M devices
M1 Potentiometer M1 M
M1 3M~
Resistor M Scale: 1:10 Thermistor_RTD
Control
Page: 6 3~
3~
Potentiometer 3~
Thermistor_RTD
wiring Bridge
U2 V2 W2
installed U2rectifier
V2 W2
U2 V2 W2 U1 V1 W1 between
U V W Plug_In_Connection1 Plug_In_Connection2
devices
U1 V1 W1 Scale: 1:10
M1 Potentiometer Page: 6
Motor_AC_3Phase_Dual_Winding M1Thermistor_RTD
Wiring_Examples
M
M Motor_AC_3Phase Wiring – for Mechanical
Motor_AC_3Phase_Dual_Winding Wiring_Examples
Motor_AC_3Phase_Dual_Winding
M1 3~
Wiring_Examples future or interlock
3 ~M customer 1 3 5
Wiring connections

g_In_Connection1 3~ Plug_In_Connection2 installation Bridge_Rectifier L1 L2 L3

U1 V1 W1 U2 V2 W2

M1 U2 V2 W2 Mechanical Q1
M latching
3~
Motor_AC_3Phase No
Motor_AC_3Phase_Dual_Winding device
Wiring_Examples
connection Mechanical_Interlock I> I>
Mechanical_Latching_Device I>
Motor_AC_3Phase_Dual_Winding Wiring_Examples T1 T2 T3
U2 V2 W2 2 4 6
5 6 7 8

Break contact
Motor_AC_3Phase_Dual_Winding Mechanical_Interlock
Wiring_Examples Wiring Mechanical_Latching_Device Circuit_Breakers_KTA_7
A1 13 21 33 43
Wiring_Junction_Connection Terminal_For_Connection_Of_Wiring
No_Connection junction Wiring_Junction_Connection Terminal_For_Connection_Of_W
Wiring_Junction_Connection Terminal_For_Connection_Of_Wiring
5 6 7 8 connection
A2 14 22 34 44
Make contact
Break contact
A1 13 21 33 43 13 21
Terminal
1 2for 3 4
connection
No_Connection Wiring_Junction_Connection of wiring A2 Terminal_For_Connection_Of_Wiring
14 22 34 44 14 22
Make contact Numbering_Sequence_Example Identification_Number_31E
Wiring_Junction_Connection Terminal_For_Connection_Of_Wiring

1 2 3 4

Wiring_Junction_Connection Numbering_Sequence_Example
Terminal_For_Connection_Of_Wiring Identification_Number_31E
A1 13 21 33 43 53 61Auxiliary_Circuit1
73 83
Plug_In_Connection2 Bridge_Rectifier
Plug_In_Connection1 Plug_In_Connection2 Bridge_Rectifier
Plug_In_Connection2 Bridge_Rectifier
A2 14 22 34 44 54 62 74 84

A1 13 21 33 43 53 61 73 83 13 21 31 43

21
Plug_In_Connection1 Plug_In_Connection2
A2 14 22 34 44 54 62 74 84 Bridge_Rectifier 14 22 32 44
Identification_Number71E
Plug_In_Connection2 Bridge_Rectifier

Plug_In_Connection2 Identification_Number71E
Bridge_Rectifier 13 21 31 43 Auxiliary_Circuit2
55 67

14 22 32 44 56 68
 Scale: 1:10
2.2 Marking Page:
and 7identification of terminals of
contactors and associated overload relays
Per IEC 60947-4-1, the purpose of identifying terminals of contactors and
associated overload relays is to provide information regarding the function
Scale: 1:10 of each terminal or its location with respect to other terminals or for other use.
A1 A1 B1
Page: 7
2.2.1 Marking and identification of terminals of contactors
Coil terminals are always marked alphanumerically
A2 A2 B2

A1 A1 B1 A1

0 A2 A2 B2 A2 B2
ale: 1:10 Coils1 Coils2
nexA_pg1

Contactor coil

A1 A1 B1 A1Coils1B1 A1 A1 B1 A1
Coils2 E1 Coils3
A1 A2 A1 A2
A1 A2
A2 A2 B2 A2 B2 A3
A2 B2 A2 A2 A3
B2 E2

Coils
A1 havingB1
two windings in parallel. Four or three terminals E1 13 21
S..
Coils2 A2 E2 13 22
Coils1
Coil_Marking_1 2.2.1.2 Marking andCoils3
Coils2
Coil_Marking_2 of terminals ofCoils3
identificationCoils4 main circuits
Coil_Marking_3
Coils5

The terminals of the main circuits are marked by single figure numbers and
an alphanumeric system.
L1 L2 L3
A1 B1 E1 2/T1
E1 1/L1
13 21 X1 13 1321 U
Coils4 Coils5 14 Control_Elements_D7
A1 A2 4/T2 3/L2 H..
S.. S..
B1 B2 6/T3 5/L3
A2 E2 E2 13 22 13 2122 22
8/T4 7/L4 X2
L1 L2 L3 1U
W V
X1 U
Note: Terminals may also be identified on the wiring diagram supplied
H..
with the device.
Coils4 Coils5 X2 Control_Elements_D7
Coils5 Control_Elements_D7
Signalling_Elements_DL7 Motor_Winding1
Coil_Marking_4 Main_Circuit_Marking Auxiliary_Circuit_Marking 1W 1V
W V

L1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3 L1 U1 L1
1U 1U 1U
X1 U U
Signalling_Elements_DL7 Motor_Winding1 Motor_Winding1_2
H.. 22
U2 2W 2V
·1 ·2 ·3 ·4 W2 V2 ·4 ·1
X2 W1 V1 ·2 L1
L1 U1 1W 1V 1W L1 1V 1W 1V 2U
W V W V L3 L2 1U 2U
L3 L2

U2 2W 2V
W2 V2 1W 1V
Motor_Winding1
Signalling_Elements_DL7
Function_Number_1 W1Motor_Winding1 Motor_Winding1_2
V1
Function_Number_2
Motor_Winding2Motor_Winding1_2
Function_Number_3
Motor_Winding3
1W 1V 2W 1U 2V
L3 L2 2U
L3 L2 L1 L3 L2
 0
pg1

Scale: 1:10
Scale: 1:10
AnnexA_pg1
AnnexA_pg1

A1 A2 A1 A2
A1 A2
A3 A3

A1 A2 A1 A2
A1 A2 A1 A2 A1 A2
A1 A2 A3 A3
A3 A3

A1 A2 A1 A2
Coil_Marking_1 Coil_Marking_2 Coil_Marking_3
A1 A2 A3 A3
A1 A2
A3 A3
Coil_Marking_1 Coil_Marking_2 Coil_Marking_3
Coil_Marking_1 Coil_Marking_2 Coil_Marking_3
A1 A2 A1
2.2.1.3 MarkingA2
1/L1 and identification of terminals of auxiliary circuits
ification of terminals
A3
of 2/T1
A3 13 14
A1 A2 4/T2
The terminals 3/L2
of auxiliary circuits are marked or identified on the diagrams
sociated overload
B1 B2
relays by two
6/T3 figure numbers:
5/L3
Coil_Marking_2 Coil_Marking_3
dentifying terminals of contactors and • The unit number
8/T4 7/L4 is a function number; 2/T1 21 22
1/L1
2/T1 1/L1 13 14
Coil_Marking_2
vide information regarding the function A1 Coil_Marking_3
A2 4/T2 3/L2 13 14
• TheA1figure
A2of the tens is a sequence number. 4/T2 3/L2
h respect to other terminals or for other use. B1 B2 6/T3 5/L3
B1 B2 examples illustrate such a marking system:
The following 6/T3 5/L3 21 22
8/T4 7/L4 21 22
tion of2/T1
terminals of contactors
1/L1
Coil_Marking_2 Coil_Marking_3 8/T4 7/L4
13 14
phanumerically
4/T2 3/L2
2/T1 1/L1
6/T3
Coil_Marking_45/L3 13 14
Main_Circuit_Marking Auxiliary_Circuit_Marking
4/T2 3/L2 21 22
8/T4
6/T3 7/L4
5/L3
21 numbers
Function 22 1, 2 are allocated to circuits with break contacts and
2/T1
8/T4 1/L1
7/L4
13 numbers
Coil_Marking_4
function 14 3, 4 to circuits with make contacts.
Main_Circuit_Marking Auxiliary_Circuit_Marking
4/T2 3/L2 Coil_Marking_4 Main_Circuit_Marking Auxiliary_Circuit_Marking
6/T3 5/L3 Examples:
21 22
8/T4 7/L4
·1 ·2
Main_Circuit_Marking ·3 ·4
Auxiliary_Circuit_Marking ·4 ·1
·2
Main_Circuit_Marking Auxiliary_Circuit_Marking
Note: The dot ( • ) in the above examples take the place of the sequence ·4 ·1
·1 ·2 ·3 ·4 ·4 ·1
numbers
· 1 which
· 2should be added appropriately to the application.
·3 ·4 ·2
Main_Circuit_Marking The terminals of circuits with change-over contact elements are marked by
Auxiliary_Circuit_Marking ·2
the function numbers 1, 2 and 4.
·3 ·4
Function_Number_1 ·4 ·1
Function_Number_2 Function_Number_3
·
·42 ·1
· 3 terminals
el. Four or three ·4
·2
Function_Number_1 Function_Number_2 Function_Number_3
Function_Number_1 Function_Number_2 Function_Number_3
The function numbers 5 and 6 (for break contacts) and 7 and 8
·3 · 4of main circuits · 4 · 1
(for make contacts) are allocated to terminals of auxiliary circuits containing
ation of terminals
· 2contacts with special functions.
auxiliary
re marked
· 5by single
· 6 figure numbers and
Function_Number_2 ·7
Examples: ·8
Function_Number_3 ·8 ·5
·6
Function_Number_2 Function_Number_3
·5 ·6 ·7 ·8 ·8 ·5
·5 ·6 , ·7 ·8 ·8 ·5
·6
Function_Number_2 Function_Number_3 ·6
Break contact delayed on closing Make contact delayed on closing
·7 ·8
Function_Number_4 The terminals
·8 ·of5 circuits with change-over contact elements
Function_Number_5 with special
Function_Number_6
functions
· 6 are marked by function numbers 5, 6 and 8.
·7 ·8 ·8 ·5
Example:
ied on the wiring diagram supplied ·6
Function_Number_4 Function_Number_5 Function_Number_6
Function_Number_4 Function_Number_5 Function_Number_6
13· 7 14· 8 ·8
13 ·5
14
21 22 ·6
21 22 2/T1 1/L1
33 34
Function_Number_5 35 38
Function_Number_6 4/T2 3/L2
41 42 13 14 36 13
6/T3 14
5/L3
Function_Number_5 13 14
Function_Number_6 13 14
21 22 21 22 2/T1 1/L1
21 22 21 22 2/T1 1/L1
33 34 35 38 4/T2 3/L2
33 34 35 38 4/T2 3/L2
41 42 36 23 6/T3 5/L3
Function_Number_5
13 14 41 42
Function_Number_6 36 6/T3 5/L3
21
13 22
14 2/T1 1/L1
Sequence_Number_1
35 38 Sequence_Number_2
4/T2 3/L2 Overload_Relay_Marking_1
21 22 2/T1 1/L1
35 36
38 6/T3
4/T2 5/L3
3/L2
13 14
36 6/T3 5/L3
Sequence_Number_1 Sequence_Number_2 Overload_Relay_Marking_1
21 22 Sequence_Number_1
2/T1 1/L1 Sequence_Number_2 Overload_Relay_Marking_1
35 38 4/T2 3/L2
36 6/T3 5/L3
Sequence_Number_2 Overload_Relay_Marking_1
 ·2 ·2
2/T1 1/L1
13 14
4/T2 3/L2
6/T3 5/L3
21 22
8/T4 7/L4

Function_Number_1
Function_Number_1 Function_Number_2
Function_Number_2 Function_Number_3
Function_Number_3

Main_Circuit_Marking Auxiliary_Circuit_Marking

·5 ·6 ·5 ·6 ·7 ·8 ·7 ·8 ·8 ·5 ·8 ·5
·6 ·6

·3 ·4 ·4 ·1
·2
Sequence number
Terminals belonging to the same contact element are marked by the same
Function_Number_4 Function_Number_4 Function_Number_5 Function_Number_5 Function_Number_6
Function_Number_6
sequence number. All contact elements having the same function have
different sequence numbers.
Examples:
Function_Number_2 Function_Number_3
13 14 13 14 13 14 13 14
21 22 21 22 21 22 21 22 2/T1 1/L1 2/T1 1/L1
33 34 33 34 35 38 35 38 4/T2 3/L2 4/T2 3/L2
41 42 41 42 36 36 6/T3 5/L3 6/T3 5/L3

Four contact elements Three contact elements

·7 ·8 ·8 ·5
·6
2.2.2 Marking and identification of terminals of overload relays
Sequence_Number_1
Sequence_Number_1 Sequence_Number_2 Sequence_Number_2 Overload_Relay_Marking_1
Overload_Relay_Markin
The terminals of the main circuits of overload relays are marked in the same
manner as the terminals of the main circuits of contactors.
The terminals of the auxiliary circuits of overload relays are marked in the same
manner as the terminals of the auxiliary circuits of contactors with specific
Function_Number_5 Function_Number_6 Scale:is1:10
functions. The sequence number 9; if a second sequence number is
required, it is 0. AnnexA_pg2
Examples:

13 14
21 22 2/T1 1/L1
35 38 4/T2 3/L2
95 98 95
36 6/T3 5/L3
96 96
Scale: 1:10 97 98
AnnexA_pg2

Sequence_Number_2 Overload_Relay_Marking_1
Overload_Relay_Marking_2 Overload_Relay_Marking_3

98 95 95 98
95 98 96 95 96 95 98
96
96 97 98 96 05 08 96
97 98 06 05 08
06

_Relay_Marking_2 Alternatively, terminals may be identified

Overload_Relay_Marking_3 on the wiring diagram supplied
Overload_Relay_Marking_4
Overload_Relay_Marking_2 with theOverload_Relay_Marking_3
device. Overload_Relay_Marking_4

24
 ELECTRONIC
MOTOR
CONTROL
Superior motor control with
CA7 Contactors and CEP7
R • ROB Overloads.
TO A CA7 Contactor with CEP7 electronic
C O N TA C
US

overload surpasses the competition

by covering the current range of up
to 7 separate traditional bimetallic
T MOU

overloads in a single unit. Save on:

• Energy usage
NT • Design space
IN G TO • Stock simplicity

NTU Contactors and

Overloads Module
Kickstart your learning with the
NTU Contactors and Overloads
Module!
Visit nhpntu.com

Free Contactor Select App

Contactor and overload selection
made easy with NHP’s FREE
Contactor Select App
Visit nhp.com.au/contactorselect

Available from your local wholesaler branch

25
 2.3 Terminal markings for electric motors
Terminal markings for electric motors according to standard IEC 60947.
Motor terminal markings consist of letters and numbers. These are
arranged without gaps.
Example: U1: U, V, W = identification for winding phases.
Number after the letter = number on winding phase; 1 = start of winding,
2 = end of winding (tappings are numbered consecutively from 1, by 3, 4
and so on).

Three phase Number Motor

Squirrel-cage motors of motor terminal
Design or type of circuit terminals markings

3 U, V, W

1 speed
U1, V1, W1
-1 winding
6 U2, V2, W2

1U, 1V, 1W
2 speeds
6 2U, 2V, 2W
-2 separate windings

2 speeds -
Dahlander or PAM (Pole Amplitude
Modulation)
1U, 1V, 1W
circuit
6 2U, 2V, 2W
-1 winding, reversible
- low speed in series-delta-connection Δ
- high speed in parallel-star-connection YY

2 speeds
-Dahlander or PAM circuit
1U, 1V, 1W
-1 winding, reversible
6 2U, 2V, 2W
-low speed in series-star-connection Y
-high speed in parallel-star-connection YY

26
 Scale: 1:10
Page: 7

A1 A1 B1 A1

A2 A2 B2 A2 B2

Scale:1:10
Scale: 1:10
Scale: 1:10 Coils1 Coils2 Coils3
Page:55
Page:
Page: 7

A1 A1 B1 A1 A1 B1 E1 13 21
AA S..
A2 A2 B2 A2 B2 A2 E2 13 22

Scale: 1:10
Scale: 1:10Scale: 1:10 Scale:
Scale:1:10
1:10
Page: 5 Scale:71:10
Page: Page:
Page: 7
Page: 7 Page:77 Capacitor
Ammeter
Ammeter Capacitor Coils4 Inductor
Inductor Coils5 Control_Elements_D7
Coils1 Coils2 Coils3

Scale: 1:10
A1 A1 A1 A1 A1
A1 B1 A1 B1Page: 9 A1
A1 B1
A1
B1 A1 L1
A1
A1 L2 L3 1U
A1 B1 X1 A1 U
A A1 B1 E1 13 21
A2 H.. A2
A2 A2 A2 A2
A2 B2 A2 B2 S.. A2A2
A2 B2
B2B2A2 B2 A2
A2 B2
B2
A2 B2 B2
A2 E2 13 22 X2
1W 1V
Number Motor
Motor windings and types of circuit with W V
of motor terminal
connection
Capacitor examples
Scale:Coils1
1:10
terminals markings
Scale: 1:10
Ammeter
Coils1 Coils1
Coils1
Resistor
Coils2
Coils1 Coils2
Page: 7
Inductor
Coils2
Potentiometer
Coils2
Coils3
Coils2 Coils3
Coils3
Thermistor_RTD
Thermistor_RTD
Coils3
Coils3
Page: 5 Resistor Potentiometer Signalling_Elements_DL7
Control_Elements_D7 Motor_Winding1 Motor_Winding1_2
Coils4 Coils5
Scale: 1:10
Y Delta left_arrow
Page: 9
3 U, V, W Scale: 1:10
Page: 9
L1
U1 V1
U1 V1 W1
W1 L1 2U
A1 B1A1
A1
B1
B1 UU VV W
W L1 A1
A1 L2 B1
B1L3
E1 E1
A1
E1 E1 L121A1
E1
1U13 U1 13 B121
13 21
13
13 21
21 1U A1
X1 U S.. S.. S..
S..
M1
M1 M1
M1 M S..
A
H.. MM M
U1, V1, W1 A2 A2 A2
A2E2 E2
A2 E2W2 22U2
E2
13 A2 13 B222 132W 22
13 22 A2 2V B2 1W 1V
A2 E2 33~~ V213 22
33~~
6 U2, V2, W2 X2
U2 V2
V2 W2
W2 1W
W1
L3 1V
V1
L2
1W 1V 2W 1U 2V
W V U2 L3 2U L2 L3 L2

Scale: 1:10 Resistor Coils4 Y Coils4 Potentiometer Coils4

Coils5
Coils4 Coils5 Thermistor_RTD
Coils1 Coils5 Control_Elements_D7
Control_Elements_D7 Coils2
Coils5Control_Elements_D7 Control_Elements_D7
Control_Elements_D7 Coils3two_arrows
Coils4 Delta Coils5 left_arrow
right_arrow arrow_twosides
Page: 5 Ammeter Capacitor
Motor_AC_3Phase
Motor_AC_3Phase Inductor
Motor_AC_3Phase_Dual_Winding
Motor_AC_3Phase_Dual_Winding Wiring_Examples
Motor_Winding2 Wiring_Examples Motor_Winding3 Motor_Winding4
Scale: 1:10 Signalling_Elements_DL7 Motor_Winding1 Motor_Winding1_2
Y Delta left_arrow
Page: 9

U1 V1 W1 L1
L1 L2 L1 L3 L2 L3 L1
L1L1 L2 L1 L3
L21U L3
1U 1U 1U 2U
1U, 1V, 1WU V W
L1 U1 X1 X1
X1 L1 X1
L1
X1U A1
L2
U
U B1
L3
2UUU
1U
E1
1U
13 21
M1 M1 1U
6 2U, 2V, 2W MA H.. H..
H..
M H..
H.. 2W S.. U1 V1 W1
3~ M1
3~ U2 X2 X2 X2
X2 A2 E2 131V 22
W2 X2 2W 2V 1W 1V
V2 1W1V 1V 1W 1W1V
1W 2U 2V 1W 1V U2 V2 W2
U2 V2 W2 W V V W 1W
VV 1V
W1 V1 W W 2V
1W W
1V V
L3 L2 2W 1W1U 2V 1V 2W 1U
L2
right_arrow L3 2U
arrow_twosides L2 two_arrows
one_to_two romanone_delta romanone_Y
L3 L3 L2 L2 L3
Y Delta left_arrow right_arrow arrow_twosides two_arrows
Motor_AC_3Phase Motor_AC_3Phase_Dual_Winding
Signalling_Elements_DL7
Signalling_Elements_DL7 Signalling_Elements_DL7
Motor_Winding1
Signalling_Elements_DL7 Wiring_Examples
Motor_Winding1 Motor_Winding1
Motor_Winding1_2
Motor_Winding1_2
Motor_Winding1 Motor_Winding1_2
Motor_Winding1_2
Control_Elements_D7
Ammeter Capacitor
Signalling_Elements_DL7 Coils4
Motor_Winding1 Inductor Coils5
Motor_Winding1_2
Resistor Potentiometer
No_Connection
No_Connection Thermistor_RTD
Wiring_Junction_Connection
Wiring_Junction_Connection Terminal_For_Connection_Of_Wiring
Terminal_For_Connection_Of_Wiring
Motor_Winding5 A1 1 3 5 Motor_Winding6 Motor_Winding7
de Motor_Winding2 Motor_Winding3 Motor_Winding4
L1 L1
100
L1 L1 80
L1 L1 L12U A2 2 4 6 2U 65
L1 U1 L1 U1 L1 L1
L1 U1 L1 2U L1 2U
1U, 1V, 1W L2 L3 1 50
L11U 2U
L1 1U L1 U1
U1 V1 W1 2U U1
1U
1U
1U
1U 3 5 1U 0
X1 U
U V W
6 2U, 2V, 2W 2W U2 W2 U2 U2M1 2W
W2
U2
U2 2WH..
2V 2V 2W
2W
U1 1W 2V
V1 W12V1W 1V
2 4 6
1W 1V
M1 M W2 V2 W2 V2 M W2 V2 V22W 2V 1V
1W 1V 1W 1V
V2 1V V1 M1
V1 3 ~
ection Δ 3~
W1 W1
W1
V1
V1
W1W1
1W1W 1W
1W
V1 X2
1V 1V
1V
1W
1W
2W 1U
2W 1V 1U
1V Contactor_With_Thermal_Overload_Relay
2V 2V 2W
2W
1U
1U 1W 2V
2V 1V
L3 L2 L3 L2 2WW2W L2 1U
one_to_two romanone_Y
L3
2U L3 2V
L2
L2 L3 romanone_delta
2UL3 L2
2U L2
romantwo_YY
L3 U2 2U
V2
2U V L22V ATX

nection YY right_arrow
1W
arrow_twosides
1V U2 V2 W2
2W
L3
two_arrowsL3
1U
L2
2V
L2
2U L2 L3
L3
one_to_two
L3
L3
L2 L2
L2
romanone_delta
L3
L3 L2
L2 romanone_Y

L3 L2 L3A1 1 3 5
No_Connection Motor_Winding2 Wiring_Junction_Connection Motor_Winding2
Motor_Winding2 Motor_Winding3
Motor_Winding2 Terminal_For_Connection_Of_Wiring
Motor_Winding3
Signalling_Elements_DL7 Motor_Winding3
100 Motor_Winding4
Motor_Winding4
Motor_Winding3
Motor_Winding1
A1 1 D13 D25 Motor_Winding4
Motor_Winding4
Motor_Winding1_2
C1 C2
Resistor Motor_Winding2Potentiometer Motor_Winding3Thermistor_RTD 80 Motor_Winding4
Motor_AC_3Phase Motor_AC_3Phase_Dual_Winding
Plug_In_Connection1 A2
Plug_In_Connection1 2 4 6 Wiring_Examples V
Plug_In_Connection2
Plug_In_Connection2 65 Bridge_Rectifier
Bridge_Rectifier
F1 U< F2 100
Motor_Winding5 Motor_Winding6 Motor_Winding7
50 80
1 3 5 L1 L1
0
L1 L1 A2 2 4 6 65
L1 1U L1 1U L1
L1 1U L12U 2U L1 50
L1 1U 1U2U 2U 2U 1 3 5 0
2 4 6 L1 U1 L1 2U
U1 V1 W1
1U, 1V, 1WU V W 2W 2W
2W
2W
2W U1 V1 W1
1U
U1 V1 W1 2 4 6 U1
U1 V1
V1 W1
W1
U1 V1 W1
6 2U, 2V,
M1 2W M M1 1V
M Contactor_With_Thermal_Overload_Relay 1V
U2 1V M1 M1
M1
1V
1V
2W 2V
M1
M1
tion Y
romantwo_YY W2 ATX
Voltmeter UV 1W 1V ST
1W 1W V2 1W1W
2U 2U 2V 2V 3 ~ 2U2Uromanone_Y 2V 2V1W U2 V2 W2 U2 V2 W2 U2
U2 V2
V2 W2
W2
one_to_two 3~ romanone_delta
2U 2V W1 2V V1 2V
romantwo_YY U2Contactor_With_Thermal_Overload_Relay
V2 W2
2V
2V
ATX
ection YY 1W 1W
1W
1V 1V 1W
1W 2W L3 1U
2W 1V 1U
1V
1UL2
2V
L2 L2 2W
2W
1U1W
1U L2
L2
1V 2W 1U 2V
L3 L3 L2 U2 1VV2 W2
L2 L3
L3
2W
L3 L2L2
L2
L3
L3 2U L2 L3 L2
L3 L3
A1 L3 1 3 5 L2 L3 D1 D2 C1 C2
V F1 U< 100 F2 D1 D2 C1 C2
80
Plug_In_Connection1 Motor_Winding5
A2 4 6 Plug_In_Connection2
2 Motor_Winding5 Motor_Winding5
Motor_Winding6
Motor_Winding6
Motor_Winding565
Motor_Winding2Bridge_Rectifier Motor_Winding6Motor_Winding7
Motor_Winding7
Motor_Winding6
Motor_Winding3 Motor_Winding7
Motor_Winding7
Motor_Winding4
Motor_AC_3Phase Motor_Winding5
Motor_AC_3Phase_Dual_Winding Motor_Winding6
50 Wiring_Examples V Motor_Winding7 F1 U< F2
No_Connection 1 3 5 Wiring_Junction_Connection 0 Terminal_For_Connection_Of_Wiring

L1
2 4 6 L1 1U 2U

Voltmeter UV ST
2W U1 V1 W1
romantwo_YY Contactor_With_Thermal_Overload_Relay ATX Voltmeter UV ST
1V M1
1W
2U 2V
2V 27 U2 V2 W2
1W 1V 2W 1U
L2
D1 D2 C1 C2
L3 L2 L3
V F1 U< F2

Wiring_Junction_Connection Motor_Winding5
Terminal_For_Connection_Of_Wiring Motor_Winding6 Motor_Winding7
No_Connection
Plug_In_Connection1 Plug_In_Connection2 Bridge_Rectifier

Voltmeter UV ST
 Three phase Number
Squirrel-cage motors of motor Motor terminal
Design or type of circuit terminals markings Motor windings and types of circ

1 speed in delta-connection
(operation)
U1, V1, W1
-changeover facility for star-delta-
U2, V2, W2
starting 6
-connection example for clockwise
motor rotation

1 speed in delta-connection
(operation) U1, V1, W1
-connection example for 6 U2, V2, W2
anticlockwise motor rotation

28
 Coils1 Coils2 Coils3

A1 B1 E1 13 21
S..
A2 E2 13 22

Coils4 Coils5 Control_Elements_D7

Scale: 1:10
Page: 5

L1 L2 L3 1U
X1 U

H..
A
X2
1W 1V
W V

Scale: 1:10
Page: 5
Signalling_Elements_DL7 Motor_Winding1 Motor_Winding1_2
Ammeter Capacitor Inductor

L1
L1 U1 L1 2U
1U
A
U2 2W 2V
W2 V2 1W 1V

Number W1
L3
V1
L2
1W 1V 2W 1U 2V
of motor Motor terminal L3 2U L2 L3 L2

terminals markings Motor windings and types of circuit with connection examples
Ammeter Capacitor Inductor Scale: 1:10
Motor_Winding2 Motor_Winding3 Motor_Winding4
Page: 8
Resistor Potentiometer Thermistor_RTD
L1
L1 1U 2U
L1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3
U1, V1, W1 2W U1 V1 W1
U1 V1 W1 U1 V1 W1 U1 V1 W1 U1 V1 W1
U V W
U2, V2, W2 1V M1
6 M1 M 1W M1 M
2U 2V U2 V2 W2
3 ~2V U2 V2 W2
1W 31V
~ 2W 1U U2 V2 W2
L2 U2 V2 W2
L3 L2 L3 U2 V2 W2
Scale: 1:10
Scale: 1:10
Resistor Potentiometer Thermistor_RTD
Motor_Winding5 Page: 8 Page: 8 Motor_Winding6 Motor_Winding7 Motor_Winding8 Motor_Winding9 Motor_Winding10
Motor_AC_3Phase Motor_AC_3Phase_Dual_Winding Wiring_Examples

L1 L2 L1
L3 L2 U1
L3 V1 W1 L1 L2 L1
L3 L2 L3
U V W
U1, V1, W1 U1 V1 U1
W1 V1 W1
M1
U1 V1 U1
W1 V1 W1 U1 V1 U1
W1 V1 W1
M1 M
6 U2, V2, W2 M
3~
3~
U2 V2 W2
U2 V2 W2 U2 V2 W2
U2 V2 W2
U2 V2 U2
W2 V2 U2
W2 V2 W2

Motor_AC_3Phase Motor_Winding8
Motor_Winding8
Motor_AC_3Phase_Dual_Winding Motor_Winding9
Motor_Winding9 Wiring_Examples Motor_Winding10
Motor_Winding10
Switch_012 Pushbutton Pushbutton_Manual_Actuation
No_Connection Wiring_Junction_Connection Terminal_For_Connection_Of_Wiring

No_Connection Switch_012
Switch_012Wiring_Junction_Connection Pushbutton
Terminal_For_Connection_Of_Wiring
Pushbutton Pushbutton_Manual_Actuation
Pushbutton_Manual_Actuation
RomanOne RomanTwo Switching_On_Off
Plug_In_Connection1 Plug_In_Connection2 Bridge_Rectifier

Plug_In_Connection1 RomanOne
RomanOne Plug_In_Connection2 RomanTwo
RomanTwo Bridge_Rectifier Switching_On_Off
Switching_On_Off
Switching_On Switching_Off right_triangle

Switching_On
Switching_On Switching_Off
Switching_Off right_triangle
right_triangle
left_triangle Resistance Conductor_Simplified

X X

29

left_triangle
left_triangle ResistanceResistance Conductor_Simplified
Conductor_Simplified
 3. Starting and switching motors
3.1 Selection criteria overview
Electrical motors must be accelerated from rest up to the operating speed
with a starting device. In the case of variable speed drives, the motor
controller must also manage the motor speed during operation. The
motor and method of starting selected depend on the load torque, the
desired starting characteristic (starting current, acceleration) and on the
characteristic of the supply.

3.1.1 Main criteria for the selection of the starting method

When making the decision whether to use a
• Direct-on-line starter
• Electromechanical starter for the starting with reduced current or
• Electronic motor control devices (soft starters, variable speed drives)
the following items should be taken into account to find a suitable
solution from the points of view of application and productivity:
• How high is the torque required to start the load?
• Can transmission components such as belts, gearboxes or chains be
damaged by the high starting torque with direct starting?
• Does the plant require gentle and continuous acceleration or are
torque peaks permissible?
• Are there any restrictions with respect to supply loading?
• Do technologically more complex products offer additional functions
for optimisation of the application (for example pre-warning functions
of motor protection relays, mirror contacts for safety controllers,
communication links etc.)?
• Are features of controlled coasting to a stop or braking to be taken into
account?
• Are aspects of speed control to be taken into account once the motor
has started (for example from process engineering or energy saving
perspectives)?
The selection of suitable starting methods is a critical factor in achieving
optimum economic efficiency in every motor control application. The
table in section 3.4 provides guidance with respect to the various methods
for starting squirrel-cage induction motors.
Note: For assistance in selecting the best starting method for your
application requirements, contact NHP.

30
3.2 Selecting the right contactor for an application
There are a few factors that must be considered to ensure you pick the right
contactor, but the main ones are:
1. The type of load
2. The current or kW rating required
3. The coil voltage
4. Any accessories required
For motor loads the most common rating is called AC-3. AC-3 means
starting and stopping 3 phase motors and is the majority of applications for
contactors. Motors are ‘inductive’ loads which have a large starting current.
For reversing starters, two contactors are required and if the duty includes
inching or jogging the motor, you may need to use AC-4 ratings. Generally,
applications like crane hoist would use this duty; otherwise you can still use
AC-3.
If you are switching a heater bank or some lighting loads you can use AC-1
ratings. AC1 means switching ‘Non Inductive’ or resistive’ loads. The contactor
ratings for AC-1 are higher than AC-3.
The second factor to consider is the current or kw rating of the motor (Motor
nameplate full load current or kW) or the current rating of the heater load for
AC-1. Next, the coil voltage (or control voltage) used to activate the coil must
be known. It is often a different voltage to the motor mains 3 phase voltage.
Applying incorrect voltage to a coil will cause it to burn out so you need get
this one right.
What type of auxiliary contacts and accessories are required? For example It
may include a mechanical interlock for a reversing starter.

3.3 Selecting the right overload for an application

When it comes to overload relay selection, the major difference between
electronic overloads – commonly referred to as EOL’s - and thermal bi-metal
relays is that EOL’s have a more accurate tripping tolerance band.
Overload selection is based on the Motor Nameplate Full Load Current rating
of the motor it will be protecting and because overloads are normally fitted
directly to contactors, this needs to be considered as there may be a number
of different versions for the same current rating. Ultimately, the final selection
of the part number is determined by which size contactor it is being fitted to.
Correct trip class selection can be determined from the motors maximum
locked rotor current and maximum locked rotor time. This information can
be typically found on the Motor Nameplate or from the manufacturer.
By simply downloading NHP’s Contactor Select App on the iTunes App
Store, you can select the right contactor and overload for your application in
seconds.

31
 3.4 Characteristic features of the commonly
used starting methods for squirrel-cage
induction motors

Starting procedures for squirrel-cage standard motors

Kind of motor
(typical values)

Method of starting Direct on Line Υ–Δ- (star delta) Auto- transformer Soft starters
(DOL)

Mains strong weak weak-medium weak-medium

Load during start full low low-medium low-medium

Relative starting 6 ... 8 (= IAD) 1.3 ... 2.7 1 ... 5 2 ... 6
current IA/ Ie (= 1/3 IAD) (=0.25…0.65 IAD)
selectable

Relative starting 1.5 ... 3 0.5 ... 1 0.4 ... 2 0.15 … 2

torque TA/Te (= TAD) (= 1/3 TAD) (=0.25…0.65 TAD) TA = k2 ∙TAD

Run-up time 0.2 ... 5 s 2 ... 15 s 2 ... 20 s 0.5 ... 10 s

(normal)

Run-up time 5 ... 30 s 15 ... 60 s 20 ... 60 s 10 ... 60 s

(heavy duty start)
Characteristic High acceleration Start with reduced Similar to Υ–Δ, but Adjustable starting characteristics. Hig
features with high starting torque and current; without switchover- Also controlled Stop possible. No A
current current and torque interruption; harmonics Har
peaks at switchover selectable steps

Application area Sites with strong Motors which are Remote / rural and high Starts which require a gentle or Usual
power supply only loaded after torque loads adjustable torque characteristic,
which permit run-up or reduced starting currents
the high starting
torque

Notes:
IA = Motor starting current
Ie (FLC) = Rated operational current of motor
TA= Motor-Starting torque
Te (FLT) = Rated operational torque of motor
k = Voltage reduction factor
TAD = Motor starting torque at full voltage
1) Start frequency controlled, torque wide range adjustable

32
es for squirrel-cage standard motors

Υ–Δ- (star delta) Auto- transformer Soft starters Variable speed drives

weak weak-medium weak-medium weak

low low-medium low-medium low-medium

1.3 ... 2.7 1 ... 5 2 ... 6 1 ... 2
(= 1/3 IAD) (=0.25…0.65 IAD)
selectable

0.5 ... 1 0.4 ... 2 0.15 … 2 TA adjustable 1)

(= 1/3 TAD) (=0.25…0.65 TAD) TA = k2 ∙TAD

2 ... 15 s 2 ... 20 s 0.5 ... 10 s 0.5 ... 10 s

15 ... 60 s 20 ... 60 s 10 ... 60 s 5 ... 60 s

Start with reduced Similar to Υ–Δ, but Adjustable starting characteristics. High available torque at low current.
torque and current; without switchover- Also controlled Stop possible. No Adjustable starting characteristics.
current and torque interruption; harmonics Harmonic mitigation to be considered
peaks at switchover selectable steps

Motors which are Remote / rural and high Starts which require a gentle or Usually for operational speed adjustment.
only loaded after torque loads adjustable torque characteristic, Energy saving possible
run-up or reduced starting currents

f motor

motor

tage
wide range adjustable

33
 4. Diagram types
A diagram is a graphical representation of the circuit. It shows how the
circuit elements must be connected to enable a predetermined function to
be fulfilled. In the power and installation fields, circuits are always drawn in
the power-off, switched-off state. There are various diagram types: circuit
diagram, schematic wiring diagram, simplified diagram.

4.1 Circuit diagram

The circuit diagram shows clearly the sequence of the control process,
without regard to the physical arrangement of the equipment. According to
task and effect, a distinction is made between main, control and measuring
circuits, etc. For the extensive circuit diagrams of larger systems, the use of
drawing proformas with section numbers is recommended. By this means it
will be easier to locate the switching elements of the different equipment.

Main circuit
L1
L2
L3
N
PE

Q1

A1 1 3 5 A1 1 3 5
K1 M1 K2

A2 2 4 6 A2 2 4 6

1 3 5
F1 Representative Main circuit diagram
for a reversing starter
2 4 6

U V W

M1 M
3~

34

File Name: pg38_Circuit_Diagram_Main_Circuit

Location: 2.1 Circuit Diagram Main Circuit
Scale: 1:10 (Normal Size)
"File Name: pg39_Schematic_Wiring_Diagram
Location: 2.2 Schematic Wiring Diagram
Scale: 1:13 (Normal Size x 0.77)"
4.2 Schematic wiring diagram
The schematic diagram contains all the equipment, all elements and
connections for main and control circuits being shown in their correct spatial
locations. In the case of small diagrams, the schematic wiring diagram is clear
and easily surveyed. With larger diagrams it can soon become difficult to
survey and requires a large outlay on drawings. In spite of this, the schematic
wiring diagram is still widely used.

L1
L2
L3
N
PE

Q1 F7

1 3 5 N A1 13 21 1 3 5 A1 13 21
K1 K1

2 4 6 A2 14 22 2 4 6 A2 14 22

1 3 5 97 95 1 3 5 97 95
F1 F2
2 4 6 98 96 2 4 6 98 96

1U 1V 1W
1U 2U
13 21
M1 M S3
3~
14 22
1W 1V 2W 2V
2U 2V 2W
13 21
S2
14 22

21
S1
22

Representative schematic diagram for a 2 speed motor with separate

motor windings

35
 4.3. Control circuit diagrams
4.3.1 Momentary contact control
Momentary or impulse contact control can be achieved using momentary
pushbuttons and/or selector switches with momentary action.

Us (L1)

F7

95 97
F1
96 98

21
S1
22

21 21
S3
22 22

13 13 13 13
S2 K1 K2
14 14 14 14

21 21
K2 K1
22 22

A2 A2
K1 H1 K2 H2
A1 A1

(F8)
N (L2)

Representative control circuit diagram for a 2 speed motor with separate

motor windings
File Name: pg38_Momentary_Contact_Control
Location: 2.1 Circuit Diagram Control Circuit
Impulse contact control
Scale: 1:10 (Normal Size)
36
4.3.2 Maintained contact control
Maintained contact control can be achieved by using latched pushbuttons
and/or selector switches.

Us (L1)

F7

95 97
F1
96 98

S1

13 13
K1 K2
14 14

21 21
K2 K1
22 22

A2 A2
K1 K2 H1 H2
A1 A1

(F8)
N (L2)

Representative control circuit diagram for a 2 speed motor with separate

motor windings
File Name: pg38_Maintained_Contact_Control
Location: 2.1 Circuit Diagram Control Circuit
Maintained contact control
Scale: 1:10 (Normal Size) 37
 4.4 Simplified diagram
Simplifications to circuit diagrams can be of practical value for:
• Improving ease of use
• Reducing the number of circuit documents
Simplifications should only be made to the extent that the informative
value of the circuit diagram is not impaired and its use rendered more
difficult.

By far the most frequent simplification is the single-line representation of

multiple conductor systems. The terminal markings here can be omitted as
long as they are already contained in the detailed documentation.

2 Two conductors

3 Three conductors e.g. L1/L2/L3

4 Four conductors e.g. L1/L2/L3/PE

5 Five conductors e.g. L1/L2/L3/N/PE

The diagrams in chapters 5…7 are structured on the following

principle:
• Circuit diagram for main circuit and control circuit
(auxiliary circuit)
• Description of functional sequence
• Application information
• Characteristics (special technical features)
• Application examples
The circuit diagrams are relatively generic; however the designation of
the terminals can differ from that shown on the drawings on certain
devices.
The specific circuit diagrams for the devices are to be found on
Sprecher+Schuh data-sheets and are available from NHP.
Please take into account your local Service and Installation Rules (SIR),
as well as any site specific requirements.
Where required, diagrams can be combined.

38
 5 L1 / L2 / L3 / N / PE

4 L1...3 / PE

4 3

A1 1, 3, 5 A1 1, 3, 5
3 3
K1 K2
A2 A2
3 3

F1 F2
2, 4, 6 2, 4, 6

4 3
1U, 1V, 1W
M1
M
3~
2U, 2V, 2W

Representative simplified diagram for a 2 speed motor

File Name: pg40_Simplified_Diagram

Location: 2.3 Simplified Diagram
Scale: 1:10 (Normal Size)

39
 5. Direct on line starters and reversing starters
5.1 Several command locations

Contactors and starters can be actuated from several locations using the
concept below.
5.1.1 Momentary contact control
- Connect ON command button contacts in parallel
- Connect OFF command button contacts in series
In this way ON and OFF can be selected as required and independently from
one another at any of the three locations A, B or C.

Control circuit
Momentary contact control

Us (L1)
F7

S1 A

S2 B

S3 C

C 13 B 13 A 13 13
S13 S12 S11 K1
14 14 14 14

95
F1
96

A2
K1
N (L2) A1

File Name: pg58_Momentary_Contact_Control

Location: 3.4 Several Command Locations Impulse contact control
Scale: 1:10 (Normal Size)

40
5.1.2 Maintained contact control
Two-way switching allows activation from either switch. Operation optional by
- Switch S11 – command location A or
- Switch S12 – command location B

Control circuit
Maintained contact control

Us (L1)
F7

S11
A

B
S12

95
F1
96

A1
K1
N (L2) A2

File Name: pg58_Maintained_Contact_Control

Location: 3.4 Several Command Locations Maintained contact control
Scale: 1:10 (Normal Size) 41
 5.2 Direct on line starters (Contactor with
overload relay)

Main circuit

L1
L2
L3
N
PE

Q1

A1 1 3 5
K1

A2 2 4 6

95 1 3 5
F1

96 2 4 6

U V W

M1 M
3~

File Name: pg54_Starters_CA3_CT3_Main_Circuit

Location: 3.2 Starters CA 3 + CT 3 Main Circuit
Scale: 1:10 (Normal Size)

42
Control circuit
Maintained contact control

Us (L1)

F7

13 13
S1 K1
14 14

95 97
F1
96 98

A2
K1 H1
A1
N (L2)

File Name: pg54_Maintained_Contact_Control

Location: 3.2 Starters CA 3 + CT 3 Control Circuit
Maintained contact control
Scale: 1:10 (Normal Size)

43
 5.2.1 Maintained contact control

Connection Connections to be made on installation

Switching on Actuate control switch S1: 13-14 (Ο  I).

Control circuit to contactor coil K1: A2 is made.
Contactor coil system actuates main contacts (K1:1-2,
3-4, 5-6) and auxiliary contacts (K1: 13-14).
K1 is closed and the load is connected to the mains.
With control switch S1 closed, the starting command
is maintained – contactor K1 remains closed.
A break in the control voltage causes the contactor
to drop out.
Reapplying control voltage closes the contactor once
more. Therefore, any connected devices are on.

Switching off Takes place by:

- Actuate control switch S1: 13-14 (from I  O ) or
- Responding to thermal overload relay F1: 95-96 or
responding to the control circuit fuse F7.
The control voltage Us to contactor coil K1: A2 is
interrupted, causing contactor K1 to drop out. The
mains contacts disconnect the load from the mains.

To prevent danger for e.g. the operating personnel,

uncontrolled restarting of machines and equipment
should be avoided (thermal overload relay to
Note «Manual reset»). On the other hand, the restarting of
equipment can be necessary for certain purposes.
Reliable signalling (e.g. by means of lamp H1) can be
provided by means of the auxiliary contact K1: 13-14.

According to the motor rated operational current

Ie AC-3. For applications such as high number of
Contactor
operations per hour, inching duty or ambient
sizing
temperatures above 60° C, you may need to use a
di!erent current rating. Consult NHP for advice.

Locked rotor starting current 4…8 Ie (FLC)

Locked rotor torque 1.5…3 Te (FLT)
Acceleration time 0.2…5s
Characteristics
Example of application: Direct switching of three-
phase motors.

44
 5.2 Direct on line starters (Contactor with
overload relay)

Main circuit Control circuit

Momentary contact control

Us (L1)
L1
L2
L3 F7
N
PE 21
S1
Q1 22

13 13
A1 1 3 5 S2 K1
K1
14 14
A2 2 4 6 95 97
95 1 3 5 F1
F1
96 98
96 2 4 6 A2
K1 H1
U V W
A1
M1 M N (L2)

3~

File Name: pg55_Momentary_Contact_Control

Location: 3.2 Starters CA 3 + CT 3 Control Circuit
Impulse contact control
File Name: pg54_Starters_CA3_CT3_Main_Circuit
Location: 3.2 Starters CA 3 + CT 3 Main Circuit
Scale: 1:10 (Normal Size)
Scale: 1:10 (Normal Size)

45
 5.2.2 Momentary contact control

Connection Connections to be made on installation

Actuate ON button S2: 13-14 (I).

Switching on Control circuit to contactor coil K1: A2 is made.
Contactor K1 coil system actuates main contacts
(K1:1-2, 3-4, 5-6) and auxiliary contacts (K1: 13-14).
K1 is closed and the load is connected to the mains.
Normally open contact K1: 13-14 ensures that control
voltage Us is not interrupted after releasing switch S2
(self-holding contact).
Therefore contactor K1 remains closed.
An unintentional control voltage interruption causes
the closed contactor to drop out.

Switching off Takes place by:

- Actuation of OFF button S1: 21-22 (O) or
- Responding to thermal overload relay F1: 95-96 or
responding to control circuit fuse F7.
The control voltage Us to contactor coil K1:A2 is
interrupted, causing contactor K1 to drop out. To
recommence the start procedure, reactuate button S2.

No automatic remaking of contactor takes

place following a supply failure (control voltage
interruption). Unintentional, automatic restart is not
Note possible.
Signalling (e.g. by means of signal lamp H1) can be
provided by means of the self-holding contact K1:
13-14 or via a separate auxiliary contact.

According to the motor rated operational current

Ie AC-3. For applications such as high number of
Contactor
operations per hour, inching duty or ambient
sizing
temperatures above 60° C, you may need to use a
di!erent current rating. Consult NHP for advice.

Locked rotor starting current 4…8 Ie (FLC)

Locked rotor torque 1.5…3 Te (FLT)
Characteristics Acceleration time 0.2…5s
Example of application: Direct switching of three-
phase motors.

46
5.3 Direct on line starters with mechanical latch

Main circuit

L1
L2
L3
N
PE

Q1

K1R
K1M A1 1 3 5 13 E1 57 65

A2 2 4 6 14 E2 58 66

95 97 1 3 5
F1

96 98 2 4 6

U V W

M1 M
3~

File Name: pg60_Starters_CA7_CT7_CV7_Main_Circuit

Location: 3.6 Starters CA 3 + CT 3 with latch CV 3 Main circuit
Scale: 1:10 (Normal Size)

47
 Control circuit
Maintained contact control

Us (L1)

F7

97

S1 F1
98

65 13 57
K1R K1M K1R
66 14 58

96
F1
95

A2 E2
K1M H1
K1R
A1 E1

F8
N (L2)

File Name: pg60_Maintained_Contact_Control

Location: 3.6 Starters CA 3 + CT 3 with latch CV 3 Control Circuit
Maintained contact control
Scale: 1:10 (Normal Size)

48
5.3.1 Maintained contact control

Connection Connections to be made on installation

Takes place by:

Switching on - Actuation of control switch S1 (ΟI ).
The actuating of S1 completes the control circuit to
contactor coil K1M: A2.
Contactor K1M closes (contacts K1M: 13-14 close)
Latch K1R engages (contacts K1R: 57-58 close)
Latch mechanism K1R holds the starter
mechanically in the start position without the
coil system being continuously energised.
In delayed fashion contact K1R: 65-66 switches o!
control voltage to contactor coil K1M:A2.

Switching off Takes place by:

- The changeover of control switch S1( I  Ο).
The actuating of S1 completes the control circuit to
the tripping coil of latch K1R:E2.
The latch mechanism unlocks, causing contactor
K1M to drop out.
The control circuit to the tripping coil is opened by
contact K1M: 13-14.

By the responding to the overload relay, the control

circuit of
- Starting coil K1M is opened by contact F1: 95-96
- Cut-o! coil K1R is closed by contact F1: 97-98,
Thus the contactor drops out in each case (trip-free
Note release).
Operation signalling is provided with signal lamp H1
by means of contact K1R: 57-58.
It must be ensured that the control circuit to cut-o!
coil K1R is interrupted. Command contact S1 can
have either two or three switching positions.

According to the motor rated operational current Ie

AC-3, For applications with ambient temperatures
Contactor
above 60° C, you may need to use a di!erent
Sizing
current rating.
Consult NHP for advice.

Examples of Controls with maintenance of the switching state in

applications the event of a power failure.

49
 5.3 Direct on line starters with mechanical latch

Main circuit

L1
L2
L3
N
PE

Q1

K1R
K1M A1 1 3 5 13 E1 57 65

A2 2 4 6 14 E2 58 66

95 97 1 3 5
F1

96 98 2 4 6

U V W

M1 M
3~

File Name: pg60_Starters_CA7_CT7_CV7_Main_Circuit

Location: 3.6 Starters CA 3 + CT 3 with latch CV 3 Main circuit
Scale: 1:10 (Normal Size)

50
Control circuit
Momentary contact control

Us (L1)

F7

21 13 97
S1 F1
22 14 98

13
S2
14

65 13 57
K1R K1M K1R
66 14 58

96
F1
95

A2 E2
K1M H1
K1R
A1 E1

F8
N (L2)

File Name: pg61_Momentary_Contact_Control

Location: 3.6 Starters CA 3 + CT 3 with latch CV 3 Control Circuit
Impulse contact control
Scale: 1:10 (Normal Size)

51
 5.3.2 Momentary contact control

Connection Connections to be made on installation

Switching on
Takes place by:
- Actuation of ON button S2: 13-14 (I).
The control circuit to contactor coil K1M: A2 is com-
pleted by the start impulse.
Contactor K1M closes (contacts K1M: 13-14 close)
Latch K1R engages (contacts K1R: 57-58 close)
Latch mechanism K1R holds the starter mechanically
in the start position without the coil system being
continuously energised.
In a delayed fashion contact K1R: 65-66 switches o!
the control voltage to contactor coil K1M: A2.

Switching off Takes place by:

- Actuation of OFF button S1: 21-22 (O).
The control circuit to the tripping coil of latch K1R:
E2 is completed by the cut-o! impulse. The latch
mechanism unlocks, causing contactor K1M to drop
out. The control circuit to the tripping coil is opened
by contact K1M: 13-14.

By the responding of the overload relay, the control

circuit of
- Starting coil K1M is opened by contact F1: 95-96
- Cut-o! coil K1R is closed by contact F1: 97-98,
Thus the contactor drops out in each case (for trip-free
Note
release).
Operation signalling is provided with signal lamp H1
by means of contact K1R: 57-58.
It must be ensured that the control circuit to cut-o!
coil K1R is interrupted.

52
Connection Connections to be made on installation

According to the motor rated operational current Ie

AC-3, For applications with ambient temperatures
Contactor
Sizing above 60° C, you may need to use a di!erent current
rating.
Consult NHP for advice.

Examples of Controls with maintenance of the switching state in

applications the event of a power failure.

53
 5.4 Reversing starters

Main circuit

L1
L2
L3
N
PE

Q1

A1 1 3 5 A1 1 3 5
K1 M1 K2

A2 2 4 6 A2 2 4 6

1 3 5
F1
2 4 6

U V W

M1 M
3~

File Name: pg68_Starters_CAU7_CT7_Main_Circuit

Location: 4.1 Reversing startes CAU 3 + CT 3 Main circuit
Scale: 1:10 (Normal Size)

54
Maintained contact control

Us (L1)

F7

95 97
F1
96 98

S1

13 13
K1 K2
14 14

21 21
K2 K1
22 22

A2 A2
K1 K2 H1 H2
A1 A1

(F8)
N (L2)

File Name: pg69_Maintained_Contact_Control

Location: 4.1 Reversing startes CAU 3 + CT 3 Control Circuit
Maintained contact control
Scale: 1:10 (Normal Size)

55
 5.4.1 Maintained contact control

Connections to be made
Connection
on installation

Switching on Actuate control switch S1 either clockwise ( ) or

s
anticlockwise ( ) according to motor rotation

s
required.
Clockwise
Actuate control switch S1 ( )

s
- Contactor coil system actuates main contacts
(K1: 1-2, 3-4, 5-6) and auxiliary contacts
(K1: 13-14)
- K1 is closed and the load is connected to the mains
for clockwise motor rotation
-Electrical interlocking: auxiliary contacts (K1:21-22)
are opened, preventing anticlockwise motor rotation
- With control switch S1 closed the starting command
is maintained – contactor K1 remains closed for
clockwise motor rotation
Anticlockwise
Actuate control switch S1 ( )
s

- Contactor coil system actuates main contacts (K2:

1-2, 3-4, 5-6) and auxiliary contacts (K2: 13-14)
- K2 is closed and the load is connected to the mains
for anticlockwise motor rotation
- Electrical interlocking: auxiliary contacts (K2:21-22)
are opened, preventing anticlockwise motor rotation
- With control switch S1 closed the starting command
is maintained – contactor K2 remains closed for
anticlockwise motor rotation
Note: Contactors K1 and K2 can be mechanically
interlocked for additional reliability and safety

Switching off Takes place by:

- Actuation of control switch S1 to O (o! position)
- Responding to thermal overload relay contact F1:
95-96 or control circuit fuses (S) F7 (F8).
The control voltage Us to contactor coil K1 (with
clockwise rotation), respectively K2
(with anticlockwise rotation) is interrupted, causing
the closed contactor to drop out.

56
 Connections to be
Connection
made on installation

Characteristics Clockwise Anticlockwise

Locked rotor
starting current 4…8 Ie 4…8 Ie
Locked rotor 1.5…3 Te 1.5…3 Te
starting torque
Acceleration 0.2…5 s 0.2…5 s
time

Examples of Motors for cranes, conveyors, spindle motors,

applications thread-cutting units and roller doors.

Both contactors K1 and K2 according to the motor

rated operational current Ie AC-3.
Contactor For applications such as high number of operations
dimensioning per hour, inching duty or ambient temperatures
above 60° C, you may need to use a di!erent current
rating. Mechanical interlock required. Consult NHP
for advice.

57
 Main circuit

L1
L2
L3
N
PE

Q1

A1 1 3 5 A1 1 3 5
K1 M1 K2

A2 2 4 6 A2 2 4 6

1 3 5
F1
2 4 6

U V W

M1 M
3~

File Name: pg68_Starters_CAU7_CT7_Main_Circuit

Location: 4.1 Reversing startes CAU 3 + CT 3 Main circuit
Scale: 1:10 (Normal Size)

58
Control circuit
Momentary contact control

Us (L1)

F7

95 97
F1
96 98

21
S1
22

21 21
S3
22 22

13 13 13 13
S2 K1 K2
14 14 14 14

21 21
K2 K1
22 22

A2 A2
K1 H1 K2 H2
A1 A1

(F8)
N (L2)

File Name: pg69_Momentary_Contact_Control

Location: 4.1 Reversing startes CAU 3 + CT 3 Control Circuit
Impulse contact control
Scale: 1:10 (Normal Size)

59
 5.4.2 Momentary contact control

Connection Connections to be
Actuate control button S2 either clockwise ( ) or

s
Switching on
S3 anticlockwise ( ) according to

s
motor rotation required.
Clockwise
Actuate control switch S2 ( )

s
- Interruption of contactor K2 control circuit
- Closing of contactor K1
- Self-holding of K1 by contact K1: ..13-..14
Anticlockwise
Actuate control switch S3 ( )

s
- Interruption of contactor K1 control circuit
- Closing of contactor K2
- Self-holding of K2 by contact K2: ..13-..14

Switching off Takes place by:

- Actuation of control switch to O (o! position)
- Responding to thermal overload relay contact F1:
95-96 or control circuit fuses (S) F7 (F8).
The control voltage Us to contactor coil K1 (with
clockwise rotation), respectively K2
(with anticlockwise rotation) is interrupted, causing
the closed contactor to drop out.

Characteristics Clockwise Anticlockwise

Locked rotor
starting current 4…8 Ie 4…8 Ie
Locked rotor 1.5…3 Te 1.5…3 Te
starting torque
Acceleration time 0.2…5 s 0.2…5 s

The changeover from clockwise to anticlockwise

Reversal
rotation can take place direct since switches S1
and S2 are electrically interlocked via contacts S1:
21-22, S2: 21-22
Actuation of button S2 ( ) causes:
s

-Drop-out of contactor K1 by means of contact S2:

21-22
-The time-delayed closing of contactor K2
(reversing time tu min. 50ms)
-The self-holding of K2 by means of contact K2:
..13-..14.

60
Connection Connections to be made

Reversal of motor rotation direction from

anticlockwise to clockwise takes place in reversed
sequence. Reversal using for instance, limit switches
with quick-break action necessitates an additional
Note interruption of 40 ms; use timer element Z 01 in
place of contacts K1, K2: 21-22.
Direction of rotation is signaled with lamps H1 and
H2. Contactors K1 and K2 can be mechanically
interlocked for additional reliability and safety.

Examples of Motors for cranes, conveyors, spindle motors,

applications thread-cutting units and roller doors

61
 6. Reduced voltage starters
6.1 Star-delta starters

Main circuit

L1
L2
L3
N
PE

Q1

Scale: 1:10
Scale: 1:10 LS
Page: 9 Page: 9

A1 1 3 5 A1 1 3 5 A1 1 3 5
K1M K2M K3M
H D Y
A2 2 4 6 A2 2 4 6 A2 2 4 6

1 3 5
F1
2 4 6 Y Delta left_arrow
Y LH Delta left_arrow
LD
U1 V1 W1
M1 Motor connections
for clockwise rotations
U2 V2 W2

F1 : 2 4 6

U1 V1 W1 LD
right_arrow M1 arrow_twosides right_arrowtwo_arrows arrow_twosides two_arrows

Motor connections
U2 V2 W2 for anti-clockwise
rotations

Ie = motor rated operational current

= current
File Name: in the supply leads L s
pg74_Starters_Stardelta_CAY7_CT7_Main_Circuit
Location: 5.1 Star-delta starters CAY3 + CT 3 Main circuit
Y =
Scale: 1:13star
(Normal Size x 0.77)
% = delta
one_to_two one_to_two
romanone_Y romanone_delta romanone_Y
romanone_delta

A1 1 3 5 A1 1 3 5
100
100
80
80
A2 2 4 6 65 A2 2 4 6 65
50
50 1 3 5
1 3 5 0
0

2 4 6 2 4 6
62

romantwo_YY romantwo_YY Contactor_With_Thermal_Overload_Relay ATX

Contactor_With_Thermal_Overload_Relay ATX

D1 D2 C1 C2 D1 D2 C1 C2

V F1 U< V F2 F1 U< F2

Voltmeter UV Voltmeter ST UV ST
Maintained contact control

Us (L1)

F7

95 97
F1
96 98

13 13
S1 K1M
14 14

17
K4T
28 18

21 21
K3M K2M
22 22

K1M A2 K2M A2 K3M A2 K4T A1

H D Y H1
A1 A1 A1 A2

(F8)
N (L2)

File Name: pg75_Maintained_Contact_Control

Location: 5.1 Star-delta starters CAY3 + CT 3 Control Circuit
Maintained contact control
Scale: 1:13 (Normal Size x 0.77)

63
 6.1.1 Maintained contact control

Connection Connections to be made

A traditional method for reducing starting current is the

Description
YΔ (star delta) circuit; the voltage at the
motor winding in the Y-circuit being reduced as op-
posed to the voltage in the Δ-circuit by a factor 1/3. The
torque and the locked rotor starting
current in the Y-circuit being still approx. 30% of
the values with Δ-connection. As soon as the
motor reaches 80% rated speed in Y-connection, it’s
windings are switched to Δ.

Actuate control switch S1

Switching on - Closing of contactor K1M, closing of contact
K1M:13-14
- Closing of star contactor K3M
- Interruption of delta contactor K2M (K3M:21-22 opens)
- Closing of timer K4T, time setting is initiated
- Once timer has expired interruption of star contactor
K3M occurs (K2M:21-22 opens)
- K4T:17-28 contacts close and delta contactor K2
closes

Switching off Takes place by:

- Opening control switch S1:13-14 or
- Responding to thermal overload relay F1:95-96 or
responding to the control circuit fuse F7(F8).
The control voltage Us to contactor coil K1M and
K2M:A2 is interrupted, causing contactor K1 and K2 to
drop out. The main contacts disconnect the load from
the mains

Contactors K1M and K2M according to 0.58 Ie .

Contactor
Contactor K3M according to 0.34 Ie
dimensioning
(starting time < 20s, up to 12 starts/h).

Minimum line cross-section Ls, LD corresponding to

Lead fuse F9. Line cross-section LH
dimensioning corresponding to 0.58 Ie. Set scale F1 (designation YΔ,
i.e. scale value = √3 • current in F1) to 0.58 Ie.

64
Connection Connections to be

Time delay Delay of approx. 40 ms due to brief delay of auxiliary

when changing contact block, guarantees short-circuit proof
over from star changeover with the briefest possible current-free
to delta pause.

Connection in conformity with circuit diagram

Clockwise and provides for minimum motor loading due to
anticlockwise reversing surge.
motor rotation Direction of rotation changed by reversing U1, V1 and
U2, V2 on motor.

Characteristics Y-Connection Starting After Delta transition at

80% ns 93% ns
Locked rotor 1.5…2.4 Ie 3.3…5 Ie 1.5…2.4 Ie
starting current
Locked rotor 0.4…0.8 Te 1.5…2.5 Te 1….2 Te
starting torque
Acceleration 2….16s 1…8s 0.2…4s
time

Example of Starting of large three-phase motors in a weak

application: network.

65
 Main circuit

L1
L2
L3
N
PE

Q1

Scale: 1:10 Scale: 1:10

LS
Page: 9 Page: 9

A1 1 3 5 A1 1 3 5 A1 1 3 5
K1M K2M K3M
H D Y
A2 2 4 6 A2 2 4 6 A2 2 4 6

1 3 5
F1
2 4 6 Y Delta left_arrow
Y LH Delta left_arrow
LD
U1 V1 W1
M1 Motor connections
for clockwise rotations
U2 V2 W2

F1 : 2 4 6

U1 V1 W1 LD
right_arrow M1 arrow_twosides right_arrowtwo_arrows arrow_twosides two_arrows
Motor connections
U2 V2 W2 for anti-clockwise
rotations

Ie =Filemotor
Name:rated operational current
pg74_Starters_Stardelta_CAY7_CT7_Main_Circuit
=Location:
current5.1inStar-delta
the supplystarters
leadsCAY3
L s + CT 3 Main circuit
Scale: 1:13 (Normal Size x 0.77)
Y = star
% = delta one_to_two romanone_delta romanone_Y
one_to_two romanone_delta romanone_Y

A1 1 3 5 A1 1 3 5
100 100
80 80
A2 2 4 6 65 A2 2 4 6 65
50 50
1 3 5 0
1 3 5 0

2 4 6 2 4 6

romantwo_YY Contactor_With_Thermal_Overload_Relay romantwo_YY ATX Contactor_With_Thermal_Overload_Relay ATX

66

D1 D2 C1 C2 D1 D2 C1 C2

V F1 U< V F2 F1 U< F2

Voltmeter UV Voltmeter ST UV ST
Momentary contact control

Us (L1)

F7

95 97
F1
96 98

21
S1
22

13 13
S2 K1M
14 14

17
K4T
28 18

21 21
K3M K2M
22 22

K1M A2 K2M A2 K3M A2 K4T A1

H D Y H1
A1 A1 A1 A2

(F8)
N (L2)

File Name: pg75_Momentary_Contact_Control

Location: 5.1 Star-delta starters CAY3 + CT 3 Control Circuit
Impulse contact control
Scale: 1:13 (Normal Size x 0.77)

67
 6.1.2 Momentary contact control

Connection Connections to be made

A traditional method for reducing starting current

is the YΔ (star delta) circuit; the voltage at the
motor winding in the Y-circuit being reduced as
opposed to the voltage in the Δ-circuit by a factor
Description 1/3. The torque and the locked rotor starting
current in the Y-circuit being still approx. 30% of
the values with Δ-connection. As soon as the
motor reaches 80% rated speed in Y-connection,
it’s windings are switched to Δ.

Actuation of control switch S2:

- Closing of main contactor K1M with timer K4T and
star contactor K3M, motor runs in star connection.
After expiry of the time set at timer K4T, contact
Switching on K4T: 65-66 opens and contact K4T: 57-58 closes,
causing star contactor K3M to drop out. After
approx. 40 ms, contact K4T:17-18 closes, causing
delta contactor K2M to close.
The motor continues to run in delta connection.
Electrical interlocking of star and delta contacts is
achieved via contacts.

Takes place by:

- Actuation of control switch S1: 21-22 or
Switching off - The responding to thermal overload relay F1 by
means of contact F1: 95-96 or control circuit fuse(s)
F7 (F8).
Interruption in control voltage Us causing
contactors and timer to drop out.

Contactors K1M and K2M according to 0.58 Ie .

Contactor
Contactor K3M according to 0.34 Ie
dimensioning
(starting time < 20s, up to 12 starts/h).

68
Connection Connections to be made

Minimum line cross-section Ls, LD corresponding to

fuse F9. Line cross-section LH
Lead
corresponding to 0.58 Ie. Set scale F1 (designation YΔ,
dimensioning
i.e. scale value = √3 • current in F1)
to 0.58 Ie.

Time delay Delay of approx. 40 ms due to brief delay of

when changing auxiliary contact block, guarantees short-circuit proof
over from star changeover with the briefest possible current-free
to delta pause.

Connection in conformity with the circuit diagram

Clockwise and provides for minimum motor loading due to reversing
anticlockwise surge.
motor rotation Direction of rotation changed by reversing U1, V1 and
U2, V2 on motor.

Characteristics Y-Connection Starting After Delta transition at

80% ns 93% ns
Locked rotor 1.5…2.4 Ie 3.3…5 Ie 1.5…2.4 Ie
starting current
Locked rotor 0.4…0.8 Te 1.5…2.5 Te 1….2 Te
starting torque
Acceleration 2….16s 1…8s 0.2…4s
time

Example of Starting of large three-phase motors in a weak

application: network.

69
 6.2 Autotransformer starters

Main circuit

L1
L2
L3
N
PE

Q1

A1 1 3 5 A1 1 3 5 A1 1 3 5
K1M K2M K3M
S T R
A2 2 4 6 A2 2 4 6 A2 2 4 6

100 1 3 5
80
65 F1
50
0 2 4 6

U V W

M1 M
3~

File Name: pg82_Starter_Autotransformer_Main_Circuit

Location: 5.5 Autotransformer starters Main Circuit
Scale: 1:13 (Normal Size x 0.77)

70
Control circuit
Momentary contact control

Us (L1)

F7

33
K5A
34

21 17
S1 K4T
22 18 28

13 13 21
S2 K5A K3M
14 14 22

95 97 13 13 21
F1 K1M K2M K1M
96 98 14 14 22

K5A A2 K4T A2 K1M A2 K2M A2 K3M A2

S T R
A1 A1 A1 A1 A1

(F8)
N (L2)

File Name: pg83_Momentary_Contact_Control

Location: 5.5 Autotransformer starters Control Circuit
Impulse contact control
Scale: 1:13 (Normal Size x 0.77)

71
 6.2.1 Momentary contact control

Connection Connections to be made

Description
As opposed to star-delta circuits, only three motor
lines and connections are required here. Therefore,
the motor starts with the voltage reduced by the
transformer ratio and a correspondingly smaller
current. By this means the mains current is reduced
by the square of the transformer ratio, although
it is in most cases appreciably higher since it
includes the relatively high transformer losses.
On the other hand, the motor torque falls by a
square of the voltage at the windings. Usually the
autotransformers have three selectable tapping’s
in each phase for matching the motor starting
characteristics to the starting conditions.

Switching on Actuation of control switch S2: 13-14 causes:

- Closing of control contactor K5A
- Starting of the time set at timing relay K4T by
contact K5A : 13-14 and
- Closing of star contactor K1M by means of
contact K4T: 17-18
- Contact K1M: 13-14 causes transformer
contactor K2M to close
The following takes place after expiry of the set time
at timing relay K4T:
- Opening of contact K4T : 17-18, causing
drop-out of star contactor K1M
- Closing of the delay contact K4T: 17-28 and thus
the closing of main contactor K3M
- Transformer contactor K2M drops out by means
of contact K3M: 21-22.

Switching off Takes place by:

- Actuation of control switch S1: 21-22 or - the
responding to thermal overload relay F1 by means
of contact F1: 95-96 or control circuit fuse(s) F7 (F8).
Interruption of control voltage Us causing the
dropout of auxiliary contactor, contactors
and timing relay.

Starting transformers are only supplied for limited

Notes number of operations per hour and short starting
times (short-time operation transformer).

72
Connection Connections to be

The main contactor is selected according to the

motor rated operational current. Transformer contactor
and star contactor are only made for a brief period
during starting, but they cannot usually be selected
Contactor
according to this short-time loading because they have
dimensioning to possess sufficient closing/opening capacity, with
both contactors dropping out in a random fashion
during starting, (the star contactor at each start during
changeover).

Characteristics Starting After line at

80% ns 93% ns
Locked rotor 1.3…5 Ie 3.3…5.5 Ie 2.2…3.5 Ie
starting current
Locked rotor 1…2.4 Te 1.5…2.5 Te 1….1.6 Te
starting torque
Acceleration 2.5….50s 1…8s 1…10s
time

Example of Starting of large three-phase motors in a weak

application: network.

73
"File Name: pg90_KTA7_Motor_Starting
Location: 7.1 Circuit Breakers KTA 3 for motor starting Main Circuit
Scale: 1:10 (Normal Size)"

7. Additional applications
7.1 Circuit breakers KTA7 for motor starting
Main circuit

L1
L2
L3
PE

1 3 5
L1 L2 L3

Q1

I> I> I>

T1 T2 T3
2 4 6

M1 M
3~

Manually actuated circuit breakers can be employed for the switching

and protection of motors in continuous or low frequency operation.
For effective ON and OFF switching with remote control or with a high
frequency of operation, a contactor is connected on the load side.
The circuit breaker then functions as an overload and short-circuit
protection, whilst the normal operating currents are switched by the
contactor.
The contactor can be controlled from one or more command locations
via maintained or momentary contacts.

74
7.2 Circuit breakers KTA7 with contactor

Main circuit

L1
L2
L3
PE

1 3 5
13 21 L1 L2 L3

Q1
14 22

I> I> I>

T1 T2 T3
2 4 6

1 3 5
K1M

2 4 6

M1 M
3~

File Name: pg90_KTA7_With_Contactor

Location: 7.2 Circuit Breakers KTA 3 with contactor Main Circuit
Scale: 1:10 (Normal Size)

75
 Control circuit
Momentary contact control

Us (L1)

Q2 Control circuit breaker

(not shown on main circuit)

13 21
Q1
14 22

21
S1
22

13 13 33
S2 K1M
14 14 34

A2
K1M H1 H2
A1
N

H1 Operation
H2 Maintenance
File Name: pg90_Control_Circuit_KTA7_With_Contactor
Location: 7.2 Circuit Breakers KTA 3 with contactor Control Circuit
7.2.1 Momentary
Scale: 1:10contact
(Normalcontrol
Size)

Actuate MPCB Q1 and pushbutton S2

Switching on - Contactor K1M is closed
- Contacts K1M:13-14 and 33-34 close, ensuring
uninterrupted supply after S2 button is released
- Motor is now connected to mains

Switching off Takes place by:

- Actuation of the o! button S1
- MPCB Q1: 13-14 removes power from coil, opening
the contactor K1M
- Tripping of the MPCB, causing contacts 21-22 to
close and signal a fault
- Tripping of the circuit breaker upstream

76
7.3 Electrical heating, lamps and illumination
equipment
Correct contactor selection is important to ensure efficiency of use and
longevity of both the equipment and switchgear in use.
The following table contains an overview of the AC ratings covered in this
topic and a description of the typical applications associated with them.

Category Typical Application

AC-1 Non-inductive or slightly inductive loads,
resistance furnaces
AC-5b Switching of incandescent lamps
AC-6b Switching of capacitor banks
AC-21 Switching of resistive loads, including moderate
overloads
DC-1 Non-Inductive or slightly inductive loads,
resistance furnaces

77
 7.3.1 Electrical heating devices
Electrical heating devices are for example used for heating rooms,
industrial resistance furnaces and air conditioning plants.
When contactors are used utilisation category AC-1 should be used as a
basic for AC current and DC-1 for direct current. For manual switching,
a load-switch with corresponding load-switching capacity (AC- 21) is
sufficient.
Lamps and illumination equipment
Lamps can basically be divided into two categories, with selection of
the contactor being dependent on the type of lamp being used. The
following table indicates the AC rating that will need to be used to select
the correct contactor:

Tungsten Filament Lamps Utilisation category

General purpose incandescent AC-5b
Special purpose incandescent AC-5b
Infrared AC-5b
Sodium iodine AC-6b

Discharge Lamps (with Ballast) Utilisation category

Fluorescent lamps - mercury vapour AC-6b
High/low pressure sodium AC-6b
Quartz AC-5b
Halogen metal-vapour AC-5b

78
8. Soft starters PCS
8.1 Soft starter typical application duty ratings
Soft starter ratings are strongly influenced by the starting time and
starting current characteristics of the driven machine. The following table,
is designed to be used in conjunction with the soft starter current ratings
table to ensure accurate soft starter selection.

Application Duty

Agitator Heavy
Atomiser Heavy
Bottle washer Normal
Centrifuge Severe
Chipper Severe
Compressor – Recip (Loaded) Severe
Compressor – Recip (Unloaded) Heavy
Compressor – Screw (Loaded) Heavy
Compressor – Screw (Unloaded) Normal
Conveyor – Belt Severe
Conveyor – Roller Normal
Conveyor – Screw Heavy
Crusher – Cone Normal
Crusher – Jaw Severe
Crusher – Rotary Normal
Crusher – Vertical impact Normal
Debarker Normal
Dryer Severe
Dust collector Normal
Edger Normal
Fan – Axial (Damped) Normal
Fan – Axial (Un-damped) Severe
Fan – Centrifugal (Damped) Normal
Fan – Centrifugal (Un-damped) Severe

79
 8.1 Soft starter typical application duty ratings
Application Duty

Fan – High pressure Severe

Grinder Normal
Hydraulic power pack Normal
Mill Severe
Mill – Ball Severe
Mill – Hammer Severe
Mill – Roller Severe
Mixer Severe
Palletiser Severe
Planer Normal
Press Normal
Pump – Bore Normal
Pump – Centrifugal Normal
Pump – Positive displacement Heavy
Pump – Slurry Severe
Re-pulper Severe
Rotary table Heavy
Sander Heavy
Saw – Bandsaw Severe
Saw – Circular Normal
Separator Severe
Shredder Severe
Slicer Normal
Tumbler Heavy

The above table is intended as a guide only. Individual machine and

motor characteristics will determine the actual start current and start
time requirements.

Notes: Normal duty rating - 350% FLC, 10 second start

Heavy duty rating - 400% FLC, 20 second start
Severe duty rating - 450% FLC, 30 second start

80
8.1.1 Applying PCS starting modes to your application
The starting mode selected on the PCS soft starter depends on
the application and what the primary goal of achievement is. The
below information is to be used as a guide, for detailed and specific
information, including PCS product brochure please refer to NHP.
To reduce high inrush currents or to reduce peak demand utility
charges
This can be accomplished by using the Current Limit Start mode. The
current limit setting can be adjusted to provide 150%, 250%, 350% or
450% of full load amps during start. The start time is also user adjustable
to 2, 5, 10 or 15 seconds.
Note: if the motor is not up to speed after the selected time elapses, the
PCS will transition to full voltage.

% FLC
500
400
Current limit
300
200
100
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 13 14 16
Time - seconds

Applications:
• All applications where the main focus is to reduce electrical stress
although significant mechanical advantages will also be realised.
• Ideal for high inertial loads, e.g., fans, chippers, grinders, etc.

81
 To reduce excessive starting torque or to reduce damage, loss or
spillage of product
This can be accomplished by using the Timed Voltage Ramp Soft Start
mode. The timed voltage ramp soft start mode offered by the PCS has
the most general application. User adjustments for initial torque and start
ramp allow the PCS to be configured for a variety of applications.
The initial torque can be adjusted to 15%, 25%, 35% or 65% of locked rotor
torque. The start ramp time can be adjusted to 2, 5, 10 or 15 seconds.

% Voltage
100
80
Start ramp time
60
40
Start voltage
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 13 14 16
Time - seconds

Applications:
• All applications where the main focus is to reduce mechanical stress
although significant electrical advantages will also be realised.
• Ideal for pumps, conveyors, small fans, compressors, etc.

82
To minimise damage to product caused by sudden stopping
This can be accomplished using the Soft Stop mode. The soft stop
function can be used to extend the stopping time of the motor and
connected load. When enabled, the ramp down time can be set to either
once, twice or three times the start ramp time setting.
The motor will stop when the output voltage from the PCS reaches the
point where the load torque is greater than the motor torque.

% Voltage
100
80
60
Stop ramp time
40
20
0

0 2 4 6 8 10
Time - seconds

Applications:
• Any application where sudden stopping may cause damage to
products or injury to persons being transported.
• Typical examples include pumps and conveyors.

83
 1 8.2 Setup
2 3 4 5 6 7 8

8.2.1 DIP switches and motor full load current

A
Dip
Sequence Switch Settings Current Limit Settings Soft Start
Number
Current Limit Start Soft Start

1 (3)
3
3

Current Limit (%FLA) Initial Torque (%LRT)

IS US
150% 15% Ue
4 5 IS 4 5

B 2 (4, 5) 4 5
250%

350%
Ie 4 5
25%

35%
Us

4 5 4 5

450% 65%
4 5 4 5

Start Time t1(sec) Start Time t1(sec)

2 2
1 2 8 1 2 8 Ue
IS
5 5
1 2 8 1 2 8

3 Ie Us
(1, 2, 8) 1 2 8
10
1 2 8
10

15 15
1 2 8 1 2 8

20 t1 20
1 2 8 1 2 8 t1

25 25
1 2 8 1 2 8
C
30 30
1 2 8 1 2 8

Kick Start Kick Start t2(sec)

Ik = 450% FLA t2(sec)
Ik
Ue
Off Is Off

4
9 10 9 10
Us
0.5 0.5
(9, 10) 9 10
Ie 9 10

1.0 1.0
9 10 9 10
t2
1.5 t2 1.5 t1
9 10 t1 9 10

Soft Stop t3(sec) Soft Stop t3(sec)

Ue Ue
Off Off
6 7 6 7

5
Us
(6, 7) 1 x t1 1 x t1
D 6 7 6 7

2 x t1 2 x t1
6 7 6 7
t2
3 x t1 3 x t1
6 7 t1 t3 6 7 t1 t3

Aux. #1 Aux. #1
Normal Normal
(14) 14
Up To
14
Up To
Normal Normal

6 14
Optional Aux. #2
Speed

Up To
Up to
Speed
14

Optional Aux. #2
Speed

Up To
Up to
Speed
Speed Speed
(14) 14 14

Normal Normal
14 14

Overload (OVLD) Phase Rotation A B C A B C

(11,12) Trip Trip Trip Trip
E Class Class Class Class Enabled

7 (13) 11 12
OFF

Overload (OVLD) Reset

11 12
10
11 12
15
11 12
20
16

16
Disabled
1 L1 3 L2 5 L3 1 L1 3 L2 5 L3

(16) Manual Auto

Enabled - No Fault Enabled - Fault
13
Disabled- No Fault Disabled- No Fault
13

Fault Contact (97, 98)

Line or Delta Line Delta
A1 - A2

8
2 / T1 4 / T2 6 / T3 12 / T6 2 / T1 8 / T4 4 / T2 10 / T5 6 / T3
Line
(15) 15
M M
3~ 97 - 98
Delta
15

Fault Push to Reset

F 9 Set Motor FLA

(2)

REFERENCE
SPRECHER + SCHUH PCS SOFT STARTER E - DOC
(3 - 37A)
REVISION 84
AUTHORIZATION
DIMENSIONS APPLY BEFORE
SURFACE TREATMENT
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTION SHEET THIS DRAWING IS THE PROPERTY OF
(DIMENSIONS IN INCHES) ROCKWELL AUTOMATION, INC.
TOLERANCES UNLESS OR ITS SUBSIDIARIES AND MAY NOT BE COPIED,
5 1033870 OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
USED OR DISCLOSED FOR ANY PURPOSE
EXCEPT AS AUTHORIZED IN WRITING BY
.XX: N/A ROCKWELL AUTOMATION, INC.

H
LOCATION: MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN U.S.A.
.XXX: N/A
DWG. 2 OF 4
DR. ------------ DATE ---------- SIZE
SHEET

N/A CHKD. ------------ ----------

B
ANGLES:

41053-176
DATE

41053 APPD. ------------ DATE ----------

B-vertical.ai
 1 2 3 4 5 6

To adjust overload trip current, turn dial until the desired current is
PCS
aligned Overload
with the s pointer. Trip rating is 120% of dial setting.
Surcharge PCS
To adjust overload trip current, turn dial until the desired current is
Überlast PCS aligned with the pointer. Trip rating is 120% of dial setting.
1 L1 3 L2 5 L3
Sovraccarico
When using the PCS intermico PCSdelta) mode, the overload
6 wire (inside Pour régler l'intensité de déclenchement en cas de surcharge, tournez le
current
HOLD TO TEST

cadran jusqu'à ce que le pointeur soit aligné sur l'intensité souhaitée.

mustSobrecarga
be set to 58% en el motor
of the PCS FLC. La valeur nominale de déclenchement est de 120 % du réglage cadran. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

PCS Sobrecarga Zum Einstellen des Überlast-Auslösestroms den Schalter so weit

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
drehen, bis der Zeiger auf die gewünschte Stromstärke zeigt. Der zur
PCS Auslösung erforderliche Strom beträgt 120% des eingestellten Wertes.
PUSH TO RESET

Per regolare la corrente di sovraccarico termico, ruotare il regolatore fin

quando la corrente desiderata non è allineata con il puntatore . Il

9
valore nominale di intervento corrisponde al 120% del valore regolato.
Para ajustar la corriente de disparo de sobrecarga, gire el cuadrante
hasta que la corriente deseada quede alineada con la aguja indicadora LED STATUS
Service Factor _ _ FLA _ _ . El rango del disparo es 120% del ajuste del cuadrante. ON RUN / ON
1 OVLD
2 TEMP
Para regular a corrente de disparo de sobrecarga, giro o disco mostrador 3 PHASE
Service Factor <1.15 = .9 X FLA até que a corrente desejada esteja alinhada com o ponteiro . A classe de REVERSAL
4 PHASE LOSS/
4 5 6 7 8
disparo corresponde a 120% do ajuste do mostrador. 5
OPEN LOAD
PHASE / IMBALANCE
6 SHORTED SCR
Service Factor >1.15 = 1 X FLA 7 TEST RUN / FAUL

120%
or
A1 A2 1N2 1N1 97 98 13 1

Maximum Continuous = 1 X FLA

Rated (MCR) Motors
If the service factor is unknown, set to 90% of motor FLC 2 T1 4 T2 6 T3

To adjust overload trip current, turn dial until the desired current is Overload Trip Curve Default Settings Class 10
1000
Class 15 Cla
Shown 1000 1000
aligned with the pointer. Trip rating is 120% of dial setting. Courbe
1 L1 3 L2
de déclenchement
5 L3
en cas de surcharge 800
600
800
600
800
600
Dip Switches
Pour régler l'intensité de déclenchement en cas de surcharge, tournez le
Überlast-Auslösekurve
HOLD TO TEST
400 400 400
cadran jusqu'à ce que le pointeur soit aligné sur l'intensité souhaitée.
La valeur nominale de déclenchement est de 120 % du réglage cadran. Curva1 di
2 3 4sgancio
5 6 7 8 sovraccarico
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 termico 200 200 200

Zum Einstellen des Überlast-Auslösestroms den Schalter so weit Curva9 de Disparo de sobrecarga
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
100 100 100
drehen, bis der Zeiger auf die gewünschte Stromstärke zeigt. Der zur 80 80 80

Auslösung erforderliche Strom beträgt 120% des eingestellten Wertes. Curva de Disparo de Sobrecarga
PUSH TO RESET 60 60 60
40 40 40
Per regolare la corrente di sovraccarico termico, ruotare il regolatore fin
quando la corrente desiderata non è allineata con il puntatore . Il Reset / Test 20 20 20
t(sec)

valore nominale di intervento corrisponde al 120% del valore regolato.

10 10 10

9
8 8 8
Para ajustar la corriente de disparo de sobrecarga, gire el cuadrante 6 6 6
hasta que la corriente deseada quede alineada con la aguja indicadora Motor
. El rango del disparo es 120% del ajuste del cuadrante.
LED COLD
STATUS START HOTFLA
START 4 4 4
ON RUN / ON
1 DEMARRAGE
OVLD A FROID DEMARRAGE A CHAUD
2 TEMP 2 2 2
Para regular a corrente de disparo de sobrecarga, giro o disco mostrador 3 KALTSTART
PHASE WARMSTART
A até que a corrente desejada esteja alinhada com o ponteiro . A classe de REVERSAL
AVVIO A FREDDO
Optional
AVVIO Aux #2
A CALDO
4 PHASE LOSS/ 1 1 1
disparo corresponde a 120% do ajuste do mostrador. 5
OPEN LOAD
ARRANQUE
PHASE / IMBALANCE EN FRÍO
1 - N.O. EN CALIENTE
ARRANQUE .8 .8 .8
.6 .6 .6
6
7
SHORTED SCR
PARTIDA
TEST A RUN
FRIO 2 - N.O. A QUENTE
PARTIDA
A / FAULT .4 .4 .4
120% 1 - N.C.
1 - N.O. / 1 - N.C. .2 .2 .2
A1 A2 1N2 1N1 97 98 13 14
.1 .1 .1
A Aux #1 1 2 4 6 8 10 1 2 4 6 8 10 1 2
1 - N.O.
2 T1 4 T2 6 T3
Multiple of FLA Múltiplo de FLA
Fault Contact Multiple de l'intensité nominale moteur Múltiplo de FLA
Vielfache des Motor-Bemessungsstromes
1 N.O. FLA
Multiplo di FLA

Manual / Auto Overload Adjustment Ajustes de Sobrecarga Man

1000
Class 10
1000
Class 15 Réglage
1000
manuel/auto
Class 20 du déclenchement en cas de surcharge thermique Ajuste de Sobrecarga Manu
rcharge 800
600
800
600 Überlast-Einstellung
800
600 Manuell/Auto
400 400
Regolazione
400
manuale/automatico del sovraccarico termico
200 200 Auto:200Set dip switch 13 to Auto position. The relay resets automatically when motor thermal model Prova: tenere premuto il pulsante Reset/Prova per 5 secondi per causare l'interv
drops below 75% of motor thermal capacity. modo la spia LED indica uno stato di prova ed il contatto di guasto normalmente ap
100 100 100 Set dip switch 13 to Manual position. Reset by pushing Reset/Test button in.
Manual: nuovamente il pulsante Reset/Prova per riportare in funzione il dispositivo.
80
60
80
60
80
Test:60Push and hold Reset/Test button for 5 seconds to manually trip. This action causes LED to 85
Tutti gli altri guasti: reset togliendo e rinviando tensione.
40
indicate a test state and N.O. fault contact (97,98) to change state. Pushing Reset/Test button again Auto: Establezca el conmutador pld 13 en la posición Auto. El relé se reajusta
40 40
reverts device to operating mode. modelo térmico del motor cae por debajo del 75% de la capacidad térmica del
20 20 All other
20
faults: Reset by cycling control power. Manual: Establezca el conmutador pld 13 en la posición Manual. Re
Auto : Réglez le micro-interrupteur 13 sur la position Auto. Le relais se réinitialise automatiquement Reajuste/Prueba.
t(sec)

10 quand10 la modélisation thermique du moteur retombe en dessous de 75% de la capacité thermique du Prueba: Pulse y sostenga el botón Reajuste/Prueba durante 5 segundos pa
10
8 8 moteur.8 manual. Esto ocasiona que el LED indique un estado de prueba y un contacto
6 6 Manuel 6 : Réglez le micro-interrupteur 13 sur la position Manuel. Réinitialisez en enfonçant le bouton cambiar el estado. Pulsar nuevamente el botón Reajuste/Prueba revierte
4 4 Reset/Test.
4 operación.
Test : Maintenez le bouton Reset/Test enfoncé pendant 5 secondes pour déclencher manuellement. Todos los demás fallos: Reajuste conmutando la alimentación eléctrica de co
2 2 2
Cette action provoque l'indication d'un état de test par le voyant et le changement d'état du contact Automático: Ajuste a chave dip switch 13 na posição Auto (automático). O r
N.O. de défaut (97, 98). En appuyant à nouveau sur le bouton Reset/Test, le dispositif retourne au quando o modelo térmico do motor cair abaixo de 75% da capacidade térmica
1 1 1
mode de fonctionnement. Manual: Ajuste a chave dip switch 13 na posição Manual. Rearme empu
.8 .8 .8
.6 .6 Tous .6les autres défauts : Réinitialisez en coupant puis en rétablissant la tension. (Rearmar/Testar) para dentro.
.4 .4
Auto:.4DIP-Schalter 13 auf Automatikposition einstellen. Das Relais wird automatisch zurückgesetzt, Teste: Empurre e prenda o botão Reset/Test por 5 segundos para o desarme
wenn das Motor-Wärmemodell unter 75% der thermischen Kapazität fällt. LED indique um estado de teste e o contato de falha normalmente aberto (9
.2 .2 Manuell:
.2 DIP-Schalter 13 auf manuelle Position einstellen. Durch Drücken der Taste Reset/Test zurücksetzen. botão Reset/Test for empurrado novamente, o dispositivo retorna ao modo de
Test: Taste Reset/Test drücken und 5 Sekunden gedrückt halten, um eine manuelle Auslösung zu Todas as demais falhas: Rearme pelo ciclo de alimentação de controle.
 8.2.2 Main circuit
Scale: 1:10 Ensure DIP switch is set in the position which matches the motor
e: 1:10 PCS connection. Note that Delta mode refers the PCS soft starter being inside
the “delta loop”.

Main circuit Main circuit

Line connected Inside delta connected
(3 wire motor connection) (6 wire motor connection)

L1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3
L1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3

2M
1M AC/DC/AC
2M
1M AC/DC/AC Converter
10/T5 Converter
T1 T2 T3 8/T4
T1 T2 T3
T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3
1/L1 3/L2 5/L3 12/T6
1/L1 3/L2 5/L3

1M 1M

2/T1 4/T2 6/T3 2/T1 4/T2 6/T3

VSD_SS_blocks_1 VSD_SS_blocks_2
VSD_SS_blocks_1 VSD_SS_blocks_2
M
M
3~

PCS_Line_Power_Circuit1

Line Delta
12/T6 2/T1 8/T4 4/T2 10/T5 6/T3
12/T6PCS_Delta_Power_Circuit1
2/T1 8/T4 4/T2 10/T5 6/T3
2/T1 4/T2 6/T3
2/T1 4/T2 6/T3
M
M M 3~
M 3~

1M = PCS soft starter

2M = Optional line contactor – useful for isolation and disconnecting
the motor in the event of a trip / fault condition. Also known as
isolation contactor.

86 PCS_Line_Power_Circuit2 PCS_Delta_Power_Circuit2
PCS_Line_Power_Circuit2 PCS_Delta_Power_Circuit2
8.2.3 Control circuit
Maintained contact control (two-wire control)

Us (L1)

Sprecher + Schuh PCS Soft Starter

Q1
PCS
IN1 IN2 A1 A2 97 98 13 14

ON/OFF

N (L2)

K1M

CONTACTOR
LINE

Momentary contact control (three-wire control)

PCS_two_wire

Us (L1)

Sprecher + Schuh PCS Soft Starter

Q1
PCS
IN1 IN2 A1 A2 97 98 13 14

S1

S2

N (L2)

K1M
CONTACTOR
LINE

PCS_three_wire

87
 9. Variable Speed Drive
9.1 Introduction

• A Variable Speed Drive (VSD) is a device that controls the rotational

speed of an AC electric motor by controlling the frequency and voltage
of the electrical power supplied to the motor. VSDs allow a motor to
continuously operate in low slip providing optimal control of acceleration,
deceleration and operating speed. One key benefit which sets VSDs apart
from other reduced voltage starting techniques is that it allows full motor
torque at speeds up to the synchronous speed of the applied motor.
• A typical 6-pulse drive consists of three main power structures
- The rectifier bridge converts the AC supply to DC
- The filter circuit absorbs any remaining ripple thereby offering a
smooth DC supply
- The inverter converts the DC supply to pseudo AC using Pulse Width
Modulation allowing control of the pulse width and frequency which
in turn controls the motor voltage and speed
• The VSD also consists of a control section which oversees the operation
of the drive and attached motor. It continuously monitors the VSD
power structures and controls the inverter as required. The control
circuit is also responsible monitoring and operation of the VSD’s internal
protection features as well as any motor protection features.

88
9.1.1 Regions of Operation
A motor attached to a VSD is able to operate in one of two regions;
• The Constant Torque region - spans from 0V to 100%V and from zero
speed until motor rated speed. By maintaining a constant V/f (Volts per
Hertz) ratio the VSD enables the motor to generate motor rated torque
theoretically, from zero speed until rated speed.
• The Constant Power region – any speed above rated motor speed.
As the V/f ratio cannot be held constant above rated speed due to the
voltage being clamped at 100%, the drive will enable the motor to operate
at constant power, however, the available torque will decrease. Therefore, a
motor can be commanded to run faster than rated speed provided there is
sufficient torque available and provided the motor is mechanically capable
of operation at higher speeds.

9.2 VSD Control Algorithms

9.2.1 Overview
The control method determines how the VSD controls the motor operation.
Choosing a method depends on the type of application and it is important
to select the correct method as it can make or break your application.
Discussed below are a few of the most commonly used control methods.

9.2.2 Volts/Hertz (V/Hz) Control

• This method takes a speed reference from an external source and varies
the speed of the motor by maintaining a constant V/Hz ratio
• It’s a simple method and gives the ability to have high frequency references
• A drawback is the lack of starting torque available at low speeds (only
150% at ~3 Hz)
• This method is well suited for most applications, typically fans and pumps

89
 V/Hz
3.0

2.5
Torque
2.0
Per Unit
1.5

1.0

0.5

1 2 5 10 20 30 40 50 60

Speed in Hertz
Graph is a theoretical
Graphcurve andcurve
is a theoretical toand
betotaken asa rough
be taken as a rough guide only
guide only

9.2.3 Sensorless Vector Control

• Similar principle to V/Hz control however this method provides much
better speed regulation and the ability to produce a high starting torque
• Controls both the magnitude and angle between the voltage and current
whereas the V/Hz method only controls magnitude
• This method can be operated in both open and closed loop control
• The auto tune feature is required to automatically detect motor parameters
• Suited for applications that require high dynamic performance, situations
where the motor runs at very low speeds and applications that require
direct control of motor torque

Sensorless vector control

3.0

2.5
Torque
2.0
Per Unit
1.5

1.0

0.5

1 2 5 10 20 30 40 50 60

Speed
Graph is a theoretical curve and to be taken asina rough
Hertz guide only

Graph is a theoretical curve and to be taken as a rough guide only

90
9.3 VSD Benefits
• Energy savings
• Speed control optimises factory processes and thus improves process
control
• Inherent direction control
• Low start currents (theoretically gives way for infinite motor starts with
low system impact)
• Soft starting/stopping capabilities protects equipment
• Improves system reliability
• Over-speed capability

9.4 Product Selection

A lot of information is required to ensure the selected VSD is adequate to
meet the needs of the user and application.
• Is the motor suitable for use with VSD?
• What is the application duty rating? (normal or heavy)
- This rating defines the overload capability of the VSD.
- Normal duty: Current limitations up to 110% of rated current for
60 seconds max
- Heavy duty: Current limitations up to 150% of rated current for
60 seconds max
• What voltage rating is required?
• What is the motor power rating (kW) and full load current (FLC) rating?
• What IP rating is needed? What environment will the VSD be installed in?
• What control capabilities (number of I/O) are required?
• What communications (if any) are required?

91
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TIMER HANDBOOK

10. Timers TIMER

A Timer (Time
A Timer Delay
(Time Relay)Relay)
Delay is a device that provides
is a device a time delay
that provides a timebetween
2 events
delayor processes.
between 2 events or processes.
Switching off a light globe consist of two separate events or processes i.e.
Switching
flicking off theoff a light
switch andglobe
light consist
turning of
off.two separate
Without events
a timer or events
the two
processes ie. flicking off the switch and light turning off.
occur simultaneously.
Without a timer the two events occur simultaneously.

Legend
LEGEND:

T = Time (sec, min, hr)

1 C/O = 1 changeover contact

2 C/O = 2 changeover contacts

= Time Delayed changeover contact

DIMENSIONS (mm)
MINI D Housing

92
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TIMER HANDBOOK

10.1 On Delay Timer

ON Delay Timer
Also known as:
• Delay ON
Also known as
• Delay “ON Energisation”
• •Delay
DelayON
“ON Make” • Delay “On Energisation”
• •Delay
Delay“On
“ONMake”
Operate” • Delay “On Operate”

MODE
ModeOF
of OPERATION:
Operation
• • Timing
Timingstarts immediately
starts immediately when
when power
power is applied.
is applied.
• •Delayed
DelayedOutput
output relay
relayturns ONON
turns afterafter
the set
thetime
set(T)time (T)
• On the 2 C/O version the second output relay is selectable to operate
• Onasthe 2 C/O
either version the
instantaneous or second output relay is selectable
to operate as either
delayed output. instantaneous
For example: 2 delay oror
(1 delayed output.
delay + 1 instant).
ie 2Instantaneous
delay or (1 output
delay will
+ 1mirror
instant). Instantaneous
the power supply status.output
will mirror the power supply status.
• Disconnection of supply at any time will turn the output relays OFF
• Disconnection of supply
and reset the delay time (T).at anytime will turn the output
relays OFF and reset
The instantaneous the relay
output delaywilltime (T).
mirror theThe instantaneous
power supply.
output relay will mirror the power supply.

1 C/O

2 C/O

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS:
Typical Applications
• •Stagger
Staggerstart
start of
of motors
motorstoto
limit peakinrush
limit currentcurrent
• •Security
Securitysystems,
systems, delay
delaysystem lock lock
system downdownfor set period.
for setItperiod.
allows the
person setting the alarm to clear the area.
It allows the person setting the alarm to clear the area.
6

94
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TIMER HANDBOOK
10.2 Off Delay Timer
Also known as: OFF Delay Timer
• Delay OFF
Also known as
•• Delay
Delay “ON
Off De-energisation” • Delay “On De-energisation
•• Delay
Delay “ON
“OnBreak”
Break”

MODE OF OPERATION:
Mode of operation
••Power mustbebe
Power must connected
connected for timer
for timer to operate
to operate. The output relay turns
•ON as soon as signal is applied
The output relay turns ON as soon as trigger is applied.
• Timing starts
Timing startsonontrigger release.
trigger The output relay turns OFF after a
release.
set time delay (T)
• The output relay turns OFF after a set time delay (T)
• Disconnection of supply at any time will reset both the relay output
• and
Disconnection
delay time (T)of supply at any time will reset both the
relay output and delay time (T)

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS:
Typical applications
• Stairwell light operated via momentary “ON” switch
• Stairwell light operated via momentary “ON” switch
•• Switch OFF
Switch OFFdelay of of
delay toilet exhaust
toilet fan fan. If used in
exhaust
• If used in conjunction
conjunction withcircuit
with a light a light circuit the timer
the timer will allow
will allow the the fan
to continue
fan to operate
to continue (for a set
to operate (fordelay
a settime) after
delay the light
time) afterhas been
turned
the OFF
light has been turned OFF.

95
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TIMER HANDBOOK

TRUE OFF Delay Timer

Also known as

• True
10.3 Delay
TrueOff Off Delay Timer
• True Delay “On Break”
Also known as:
• True Delay “On De-energisation”
• True Delay OFF
• True
MODE OFDelay “ON Break”
OPERATION:
• True Delay “ON De-energisation”
• The output relay turns ON as soon as power is connected
Mode of operation
• Timing startsrelay
• The output on turns
lossON
ofaspower.
soon as power is connected
• Timing starts on loss of power
• The output relay turns OFF after the delay time (T).
• The output relay turns OFF after the delay time (T)
• True OffOFF
• True Delay
Delay timer require
timer require a minimum
a minimum charge timecharge time
before operation
Please
before consult specsPlease
operation. as the charge time will
consult specsvary depending on the time
as the charge
model and the set delay time (T)
will vary depending on the model & the set delay time (T).

Typical Applications
Switching on an extractor fan if a machine is on and to switch it off for a
fixed period
TYPICAL of time after the last machine has turned off
APPLICATION:
• Connected to the main light switch a True Off Delay timer
allows the last person sufficient time to clear the building
before all lights are turned off.

10

96
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TIMER HANDBOOK

Asymmetrical Recycler Timer

• Timer operates as soon as power is connected

• The output relay will continuously CYCLEs “ON / OFF” as
10.4 Asymmetrical Recycler
long as power is connected.
Timer
• Theoperates as soon
duration as power
of delay timeis“T1”
connected. Theare
and “T2” output relay will
continuously cycle “ON
independently / OFF” as long as power is connected. The
adjustable.
duration of delay time “T1” and “T2” are independently adjustable. The
• The CYCLE can be set to begin with either the “ON” or
cycle can be set to begin with either the “ON” or “OFF” state.
“OFF” state.

TYPICAL APPLICATION:
Typical applications
• • Running
Running a discharge
a discharge pumppump forevery
for 1hr 1hr every
10 hrs10 hrs cycle
cycle
• • Turning
Turning a beacon
a beacon “ON”
“ON” for 2for 2 every
secs secs every
6 secs 6cycle
secs cycle

12

97
 10.5 Multifunction Timer
The multifunction timer incorporates 7 of the most popular functions in a
single unit.
1. [Dr] OFF Delay
2. [Op] ON Delay
3. [In] Interval
4. [Id] Double Interval
5. [Io] Fleeting OFF (ie. Interval on trigger open)
6. [R] Symmetrical Recycling (ON first)
7. [Rb] Symmetrical Recycling (OFF first)
The timer can be wired to operate on “Automatic” or “Manual” start.
Please refer to details on the specific timing functions as “Automatic” and
“Manual start” operation is not applicable to every function.

Important notes
• On the 2 C/O version the second output relay is selectable to operate
as either instantaneous or delayed output. i.e. 2 delay or (1 delay + 1 instant)
CGGB 06-111 30/5/06 9:32 AM Page 16
• In the case of “Automatic start/trigger ”, timing will start as soon as power
is applied. Trigger input (ie. terminal “Y1” or “5”) must be bridged to the
supply (ie. Terminal “A1” or “2”).
• In the case of “Manual start/trigger ” timing will start after the trigger
signal (via external switch “S”) has been applied.
TIMER HANDBOOK

Multifunction
Multifunction Timer
Timer continued
10.5.1
1. [ Dr[Dr] Off delay
] OFF Delay(manual start)
(manual start)
As
Assoon
soonas as
signal is applied
trigger the output
is applied relay turns
the output on. Timing
relay starts on
turns on.
trigger release.
Timing starts on trigger release. The output relay turns OFF
The output
after a setrelay
timeturns OFF Interruption
delay. after a set timeofdelay.
supplyInterruption
at any timeof supply
will
at any time
reset bothwill
thereset both
relay the relay
output andoutput
delayand delay
time (T).time (T).

98

16
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TIMER HANDBOOK

TIMER HANDBOOK

Multifunction Timer continued

Multifunction Timer continued
2. [ Op ] ON Delay (automatic & manual start)
2. 10.5.2
[ Op ] ON[Dr]Delay
Off delay (manual start)
(automatic & manual start)
The output relay turns ON after a set time delay.
The output relay turns ON after a set time delay.
The output
In the case relay turns ON start
of “Automatic” after /atrigger,
set timetiming
delay.will start
In the case of “Automatic” start / signal, timing will start immediately on
immediately
In the power
case of on power up. start / trigger, timing will start
“Automatic”
up.
immediately
On “Manual”on power
trigger, up. will start on the rising edge of
timing
On “Manual” signal, timing will start on the rising edge of the “Trigger”
the “Manual”
On “Trigger” pulse. Subsequent
trigger,
pulse. Subsequent timing ofapplication
will start
application onpulse
signal of Trigger
the rising
before edge pulse
of time (T) has
the delay
before
the the
“Trigger”delay time
pulse. (T) has
Subsequent elapsed
elapsed will reset the time delay. will
application reset
of the time
Trigger pulse
delay. the delay time (T) has elapsed will reset the time
before Interruption of supply at any time will reset both the relay output and
delay.
Interruption of supply
delay time (T). at anytime will reset both the relay
output and delay
Interruption time at
of supply (T).
anytime will reset both the relay
output and delay time (T).

17
17

99
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30/5/06 9:32
9:32 AM
AM Page
Page 18
18

TTI IMMEERR HHAANNDDBBOOOOKK

MultifunctionTimer
Multifunction Timercontinued
continued
3. [[In
3. In]] Interval
Interval(automatic
(automatic&&manual
manualstart)
start)
In10.5.3
In thecase
the case of
[In]of “Automatic
“Automatic
Interval start”the
start”
(automatic theoutput
and output
manual relay
relay turnsOn
turns
start) Onasas
soonas
soon aspower
powerisisapplied.
applied.Timing
Timingbegins
beginsimmediately
immediatelyand and
In the case of “Automatic start” the output relay turns ON as soon as
the
the output
output
power
relaywill
relay
is applied.
willremain
Timing
remain On
beginsOn
forthe
for theset
immediately
set time
andtime
delayrelay
delay
the output
(T).will
(T).
Interruption
Interruption of
of supply
supply at
at anytime
anytime will
will reset
reset both
both the
the relay
relay
remain ON for the set time delay (T). Interruption of supply at any time
output
output and
and
will reset timing.
timing.
both the relay output and timing.
InIn
In the
the case
thecase
case of of“Manual
of “Manual
“Manual start”
start”
start” theoutput
the
the output output relay
relay
relay turns turns
ONturns
as soon On
On as
asas
trigger
soon
soon
signalas
as triggersignal
istrigger
applied. signalis
Timing isapplied.
will applied. Timing
begin onTiming
the will
risingwill
edge begin
begin on
of theon the
the
trigger
rising
rising edgeof
edge
signal. ofthe
thetrigger
triggersignal.
signal.TheTheoutput
outputrelayrelayturns
turnsOff Off
after
after thedelay
Thethe
output delay time
relaytime (T).
turns(T). Subsequent
OFF Subsequent
after trigger
trigger
the delay time pulsesprior
(T). pulses
Subsequent prior to
to
trigger
the
the delay
delay
pulses time
time
prior (T)delay
(T)
to the have
have elapsed
elapsed
time will
will
(T) have resetwill
reset
elapsed the
the timing.
timing.
reset The The
The
the timing.
output
output relay
outputrelay however
however
relay however will
will
will remain
remain
remain in
in thein the
the
ON Onstate.
On
state. state.

18
18

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TIMER HANDBOOK

Multifunction Timer continued

4. [ Id ] Double Interval (manual start)
As soon as trigger signal is applied the output relay turns On
and10.5.4
timing [Id] Double
begins. interval
The output(manual
relay then start)
turns Off after the
As soon
delay timeas(T)
trigger signal
for the is applied
1st intervalthe output relay
whether the turns
triggerON signal
and timing
is
begins. Theoroutput
maintained not. relay then turns OFF after the delay time (T) for the
1st interval whether the trigger signal is maintained or not.
Double Interval is only applicable if the trigger signal is
Double
applied Interval
for longer is only
thanapplicable if the trigger
the 1st delay time signal is applied
(T) and then for longer
than the 1st delay time (T) and then released. As soon as the trigger
released. As soon as the trigger signal is released the output
signal is released the output relay turns ON for another delay time (T) ie
relay turns On for another delay time (T) ie “Double Interval”.
“Double Interval”.
Interruption
Interruptionofofsupply
supply atatany
any time
time will will
resetreset both
both the the
relay relayand the
output
output
timing.and the timing.

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TIMER HANDBOOK

Multifunction Timer continued

5. [ Io ] Interval on trigger open (manual start)
10.5.5 [Io] Interval on trigger open (manual start)
The output relay turns On as soon as the trigger signal is
The outputTiming
released. relay turns ONstart
will as soon
onasthe
thefalling
trigger signal
edgeis of
released. Timing
the trigger
will start on the falling edge of the trigger signal. The output relay turns
signal. The output relay turns Off after the delay time (T).
OFF after the delay time (T). Subsequent reapplication of trigger signal and
Subsequent reapplication of trigger signal and release prior
release prior the output relay turns OFF will reset the delay time (T). 19
the output relay turns Off will reset the delay time (T).

6. [ R ] Symmetrical Recycler ‘ON’ first (automatic

& manual start)
The output relay will CYCLEs “ON / OFF” continuously as
long as power is connected. The delay time T1 and T2 are of
equal duration ie. Symmetrical.
101

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Multifunction Timer continued

7. [10.5.7
Rb ] [Rb] SymmetricalRecycler
Symmetrical recycler ‘off’ first first (automatic
‘OFF’
(automatic and manual start)
& manual start)
The time period begins as soon as the trigger signal input contact is closed.
TheThe relay isrelay
output OFF during
will the set “ON / OFF” continuously as long
CYCLE
delay period,
as power after this timeThe
is connected. it operates
delayfortime
the same time T2
T1 and period.
areThis
of
sequence continues with equal OFF- and ON-time periods until power
equal duration ie. Symmetrical.
supply is interrupted.

21

102
CGGB 06-111 30/5/06 9:32 AM Page 22

TIMER HANDBOOK

Star-delta Timer

MODE OF OPERATION:
When poser is applied to the timer, the output relay
changes over to the Star (Y) configuration for a duration
of TY.
CGGB 06-111 30/5/06 9:32 AM Page 20
At the end
10.6 of Delta
Star the TY the output relay goes back to its
Timer
normal de-energised state for a duration of TY∆.
Mode of Operation
When power is applied to the timer, the output relay changes over to the
Star (Y) configuration for a duration of T .
At the end of TY∆, the outputy relay changes over to
the
At the end of the TTyI M outputD relay goes back to its normal open state for
the Delta
a durationconfiguration E R H A Nand
of power supply being
BOOK remains in this state until
applied.
power is end
At the diconnected
of Ty %, the outputfrom the timer.
relay changes over to the Delta configuration
Multifunction
and remains closed Timer continued
until power is disconnected from the timer.

5. [ Io ] Interval on trigger open (manual start)

The output relay turns On as soon as the trigger signal is
released. Timing will start on the falling edge of the trigger
signal. The output relay turns Off after the delay time (T).
Ty
Subsequent reapplication of trigger signal and release prior
the output relay turns Off will reset the delay time (T).
Ty %

Typical applications
TYPICAL APPLICATION:
• Star-delta starters
• Star-delta starters

10.5.6 [R] Symmetrical recycler ‘on’ first (automatic and

6.manual
[ R ] start)
Symmetrical Recycler ‘ON’ first (automatic
&The
manual start)
relay operates and the time period begins as soon as the trigger
signal input contact is closed. After the set delay period the relay releases
22 The output relay will This
CYCLEs “ON / OFF”with
continuously
for the same time period. sequence continues equal ON- andas
long as power
OFF-time is connected.
periods until Theisdelay
the power supply time T1 and T2 are of
interrupted.
equal duration ie. Symmetrical.

20

103
 10.6 IP Ratings Chart
Protection grades against contact and foreign bodies - ingress protection (IP)

The Ingress Protection Scale

First Number Second Number
Protection Against Solid Objects Protection Against Liquids
IP TEST IP TEST

0 No protection. 0 No protection.

Protected against
solid objects up to Protected against
1 50mm. 1 vertical falling drops
(eg. accidental of water.
touch by hands).

Protected against Protected against

solid objects up to direct sprays of
2 12.5mm 2 water up to 15° from
(eg. fingers). the vertical.

Protected against
Protected against
solid objects over
3 2.5mm (tools + 3 spray to 60° from the
vertical.
small wires).

Protected against
Protected against
water sprayed
solid objects over
4 1mm (tools + small 4 from all directions
- limited ingress
wires).
permitted.

Protected against Protected against

dust - limited in- low pressure jets
5 gress permitted (no 5 of water from all
directions - limited
harmful deposit). ingress permitted.

Protected against
strong jets of
Totally protected
6 against dust. 6 water eg. for use on
shipdecks - limited
ingress permitted.

Protected against
the affects of immer-
7 sion between 15cm
and 1m.

Protected against
long periods of
8 immersion under
pressure.

Protected against
close range, high
9K pressure, high
temperature (80˚C)
water jets

104
10.7 Circuit Breakers
Circuit breakers are switching devices capable of making, carrying and
breaking currents under normal circuit conditions. They are also capable
of making, carrying for a specified time and breaking currents under
specified abnormal circuit conditions such as a short circuit.
These timely conditions are denoted by the miniature circuit breaker’s
curve type. The three main curve types are B, C and D and selection of the
curve type is application dependant. For example, a circuit breaker may
require a greater tolerance of normal periods of overcurrent conditions
such as an in-rush current in general motor starting applications. Hence,
knowledge of the application is imperative to circuit breaker and curve
selection.
A graphical representation of the main curve types is shown below:

t(s)

B C D

In
3 5 10 20

Incorrect selection of the curve type can cause nuisance tripping, damage
of equipment and injury.
The following table categories the di!erent curve types along with general
information and typical applications to make selection simple.

105
 B Curve C Curve D Curve

• 3-5x rated current • 5-10x rated current • 10-20x rated current

of the device of the device of the device
• Used for control • Most common MCB • High in rush loads
circuits • General circuit • Transformers
• Fault loop applications • Motors starting high
impedance • General motor inrush
• Long cable runs starting
• Car park lighting,
bridges etc

Please contact NHP for more information and detail on MCB tripping
characteristics.

106
10.8 Short circuit coordination for motor
starting time current curves
Fuses and circuit breakers can be used as short-circuit protective devices
for the contactors. The test criteria that apply in this case are stipulated by
EN 60947-4-1.
Coordination types
Two types of assignment are defined in the standards that correspond to
two different levels of damage.
The following applies to both types of assignment:
In the event of a short-circuit, the short-circuit protective device used must
be able to disconnect the overcurrent that occurs. Persons or other parts
of the system must not be put at risk.

Coordination type 1
• The load feeder (e.g. motor starter) can be
inoperable after each short-circuit.
• Damage to the contactor and the overload
relay is permissible and it is only possible to
continue operation after defective devices
have been repaired or replaced.

Coordination type 2
• After a short-circuit, there must be no
damage to the load feeder devices.
• However, the contactor contacts can lightly
weld if they can be easily separated again
without distorting the contact pieces.
• Allows for the starter to be returned to service,
until a maintenance inspection can be
scheduled

Further information
For further information, including component selection and specification
tables to suit Type 2 Coordination, please contact NHP.

107
 11. Appendix
11.1 AC Motor Currents Table
Standard motors have 3 windings, with 6 connection terminals.

3 phase 4 pole 50/60 Hz motors 1) 2)

kW 1) hp 230-240V 400V 415V 440V 690V 1000V 1100V

A A A A A A A
0.18 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.58 0.55 0.35 0.3 0.3
0.37 0.5 1.9 1.1 1.05 1.0 0.64 0.4 0.4
0.55 0.75 2.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 0.87 0.6 0.6
0.75 1 3.2 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.1 0.8 0.8
1.1 1.5 4.6 2.7 2.6 2.4 1.6 1.1 1
1.5 2 6.3 3.6 3.5 3.2 2.1 1.5 1.4
2.2 3 8.5 4.9 4.7 4.4 2.8 2 1.9
3 4 11.3 6.5 6.3 5.9 3.8 2.7 2.5
4 5.5 15 8.5 8.2 7.8 4.9 3.4 3.1
5.5 7.5 20 11.5 11.1 10.4 6.7 6 4.3
7.5 10 27 15.5 14.9 14 8.9 7 5.6
11 15 38 22 21 20 13 9 8
15 20 51 29 28 26 17 12.1 10.5
18.5 25 61 35 34 32 21 15 13
22 30 72 41 40 37 24 18 15.5
30 40 96 55 53 50 32 23 21
37 50 115 66 64 60 39 28 25
45 60 140 80 77 73 47 33 30
55 75 169 97 93 88 57 40 36
75 100 230 132 127 120 77 55 50
90 125 278 160 154 145 93 65 59
110 150 340 195 188 178 113 80 73
132 180 400 230 222 210 134 95 86
160 220 487 280 270 255 162 115 105
185 250 570 327 315 300 187 135 123
200 270 609 350 337 320 203 145 132
220 300 675 385 371 350 222 160 145
250 340 748 430 414 390 250 180 164
280 375 830 480 463 436 280 200 182
300 400 920 520 500 473 300 210 191
315 420 940 540 520 490 313 220 200
355 475 1061 610 588 555 354 250 227
400 540 1200 690 665 625 400 285 259
450 600 - 770 742 700 446 320 291
500 680 - 850 819 770 493 350 318
560 750 - 950 916 860 551 390 355
630 850 - 1060 1022 960 615 440 400
710 950 - 1190 1147 1080 690 500 455
800 1070 - 1346 1297 1220 780 560 509
900 1200 - 1518 1463 1370 880 630 573
1000 1340 - 1673 1613 1510 970 700 636

108
Single phase motors

kW hp 230-240V Notes: 1)
A () Standard values for standard squirrel-
0.18 0.25 2.5 cage motors, in conjunction with
0.37 0.5 4 IEC 60947-4-1 Table G.1:
0.55 0.75 5 Rated operational currents for motors with n
0.75 1 6.3 = 1500/min (4 pole), possible deviation ± 10 %
1.1 1.5 9 depending on type and manufacturer, ± 50 %
1.5 2 12 for small motors.
2.2 3 18
Deviation of rated operational currents for
3 4 23
motors with other speeds (greater deviations
4 5 28
for smaller motors):
5.5 7.5 39
7.5 10 50 With n = 3000 rpm (2 pole): –2 %…–10 %
With n = 1000 rpm (6 pole): +2 %…+10 %
With n = 750 rpm (8 pole): +5 %…+20 %

)) The power factor is usually around 0.8,

but this varies with the size and speed of the
motor.
Efficiency ranges from 80% in small motors to
greater than 95% for large premium efficiency
motors.

109
 11.2 Utilisation categories

Utilisation Categories

CONTROL
CONTACTORS
RELAYS

AC-1 – AC-12 –
Non-inductive or slightly inductive Control of resistive loads and
AC loads solid-state loads with isolation by
Examples: Heaters, furnaces optocouplers
Examples: Heaters, furnaces

AC-3 – AC-15 –
Squirrel cage motors – starting and Control of AC electromagnetic loads
switching off motors during running Examples: Switching the AC coil of a
Examples: AC squirrel cage motors for lifts, contactor
conveyors, compressors, pumps, mixers

A1

A2

Other Contactor ratings Other Control Relay ratings

AC-4 – Squirrel cage motors – DC-12 – Control of DC resistive loads
plugging or inching DC-13 – Control of DC electromagnets
DC-1 – Non-inductive or slightly inductive e.g. contactor coil
DC loads
DC-3 – Shunt connected DC motors –
starting, plugging or inching
DC-5 – Series connected DC motors –
starting, plugging or inching

For control and switching of lighting loads contact NHP.

110
SWITCHES AND
ISOLATORS

AC-21A, AC-21B –
Switching of AC resistive loads including moderate
overloads
Examples: Heaters, furnaces

AC-23A, AC-23B –
Switching of motor loads or other highly inductive
loads
Examples: AC squirrel cage motors for lifts, conveyors,
compressors, pumps, mixers

Other Switch/Isolator ratings

DC-21 – Switching of DC resistive loads including
moderate overloads
DC-23 – Switching of DC motor loads or other highly
inductive DC loads
Note: The ‘A’ or ‘B’ suffix denotes frequency of switching
operation.
A – Frequent operation (in close proximity to the load)
B – Infrequent operation (further upstream of load)

111
 11.3 Motor terminology
The motor nameplate gives us many of it’s important motor characteristics,
design and performance data.
Motor Nameplate
KW Rated kW is the power the motor is designed to deliver at its shaft with
rated frequency and voltage applied at its terminals.
Amps The current drawn by the motor at rated voltage and frequency
with full rated power delivered to its shaft.
Service Factor This is a measure of the reserve margin built into a
motor. It is expressed as a multiplier of the rated kW FLC and determines
permissible kW FLC loading which may be carried continuously under
normal environmental conditions. A corrective factor is needed for
overload protection:
S.F = 1.15 Ir = 1 x In mot
S.F = 1.00 Ir = 0.9 x 1n mot (derate overload setting)
Ir = Overload protective setting
Locked Rotor Current Current motor draws at standstill with full voltage
applied (initial starting current is higher than the FLC.
Efficiency The efficiency at rated output. Energy efficient motors will be
identified on the nameplate.
Volts The motor rated voltage. The voltage that should be present at the
motor terminals when delivering rated power.
RPM The speed of the output shaft when delivering rated power;
synchronous speed less slip.
Hertz The frequency of the supply system for which the motor is
designed.
Duty Is either Intermittent or Continuous. Intermittent will include a time
after which the motor must be shut down and allowed to cool to prevent
injury to the insulation. Continuous means that the motor may be run
continuously for years.
Bearings Indication of antifriction bearings installed.
Temperature The abbreviations AMB or TEMP on a motor nameplate
indicate the maximum ambient temperature environment for motor
operation. Ambient means the temperature of the air surrounding the
motor. In general, maximum ambient temperature for motors is 40ºC.
This general rule holds unless the motor is specifically designed for a
different temperature.

112
 IE2
Type 3 ~ Motor Weight 42kg IEC 60034-1
Ser No. xxxxxxxxxxxx Ins.cl. F IP 55
Year 2018 Hz 50 kW 7.5

V r/min A cos ϕ Duty

690 Y 1488 8.9 0.81 S1

400 D 1488 15.5 0.81 S1

415 D 1489 14.9 0.80 S1

IE2 – 89.5 (100%) – 87.7 (75%) – 86.5 (50%)

Nmax 3200 r/min

IE3
3 ~ Motor Model: AN-EXAMPLE-1
Serial: 1300-123-456
SF 1.15 CONT
IP55
Ins cl. F AMB 40oC
V Hz kW r/min A cos φ Duty
690 Y 50 110 1486 113 0.85 S1
415 D 50 110 1487 188 0.83 S1

IEC/EN compliance 800 kg

Examples of motor nameplates

113
 11.4 Time current curves
Time Current curves
Time current curves show the overload relay tripping times for a given
multiple of full load current. They are tested by the overload relay
manufacturer and are based on tripping times from cold (room ambient)
start conditions and hot start conditions.
• Hot Start
- A Hot Start is considered any time that a motor has been restarted in
less than 30 minutes from the previous start.
• Cold Start
- A Cold Start is when a motor has not been run for at least 30 minutes.

Examples

TRIP CLASS 10
1000

100
Time (seconds)

10

0.1
1 FLC multiple 10

114
 TRIP CLASS 30
1000

100
Time (seconds)

10

0.1
1 FLC multiple 10

TRIP CURVE LEGEND

Cold trip
Hot trip

Overload trip class selection

Correct trip class selection can be determined from the motors maximum
locked rotor current and maximum locked rotor time. This information can
be typically found on the Motor Nameplate or from the manufacturer.

115
AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND
nhp.com.au nhp-nz.com

SALES 1300 NHP NHP SALES 0800 NHP NHP

sales@nhp.com.au sales@nhp-nz.com

NHP Electrical Engineering Products

A.B.N. 84 004 304 812
NHP57198 09/18
© Copyright NHP 2018

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