10/12/2017

Week 3: Operating System Basics

Chapter 4: Operating System Basics

Instructor: <enter your name>

Instructor: Ontiritse Bagwasi

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Operating System Basics

Learning Objectives:

• Understand the types of operating systems

available
• Differentiate among the major desktop
operating systems
• Explain how device drivers work
• Explain computer file storage concepts

System Software

• System BIOS
– Stored on a ROM BIOS chip on the motherboard
– “Firmware” – both hardware and software
– Starts up the computer at a low level
• Operating System
• Utilities

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Operating System

Operating System

• Platform: the hardware required to run a

particular operating system
– Intel platform (IBM-compatible)
• Windows
• DOS
• UNIX
• Linux
– Macintosh platform
• Mac OS X
– iPad and iPhone platform
• iOS

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Interface Types

• Graphical User Interface (GUI)

• Command-line interface

Utility Software

• Protection from malware

• Disk error correction
• Disk optimization
• File cleanup
• Uninstallers
• Registry cleanup

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Desktop and Notebook Operating

Systems

• Windows: Best known, greatest selection of

applications available
• Mac OS: User-friendly, runs on Mac hardware.
Many applications available
• Linux: Free, but can be more challenging to
configure; few applications available

Mac OS X Mavericks

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Microsoft Windows 7

Ubuntu Linux

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Google Chrome OS

Server Operating Systems

• Windows Server
– Familiar GUI interface for those experienced with
Windows
• UNIX
– Very mature server capabilities, time-tested, large
user community, stable
• Linux
– Free, customizable, many free services and
utilities available

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Windows Server

UNIX

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Tablet and Phone Operating Systems

• System-on-chip (SoC)
• Downloadable applications (apps) from a Store
app
• Popular SoC operating systems:
– iOS: for iPad, iPhone
– Windows Phone: for Windows phones
– Android: for a variety of tablets and phones

iOS on the iPad

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Windows Phone OS

Device Drivers

• Translate the OS requests into the language of

the device
• Translates messages from the device back to the
OS
• Published by the device manufacturer for a
specific operating system and device model
• Updates are periodically released that fix bugs
and improve performance

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Device Manager

• Access from
the Control
Panel
(System
section)
• Shows the
installed
devices
• Shows driver
details and
versions

Digital Storage Vocabulary

• Drive: Physical storage device

• Volume: A lettered section of a storage device (a
logical drive)
• Partition: To create logical volumes out of a
single physical drive
• Format: To create the file system on a volume

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File Systems

• File system: The storage system used to store

and organize the files on a particular volume
• Common file systems:
– NTFS: Most Windows hard drives (Windows 2000
and higher)
– HFS+: Hard drives for Mac OS X
– ISO 9660 or UDF: CDs and DVDs
– FAT32: Hard drives for Windows 95/98/Millennium
Edition

Disk Management
• Access from Administrative Tools in Control
Panel

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File Paths

• Root directory = top-level folder

• Path: the complete descriptor of a file’s location,
including the volume and folders
• Path is written like this:
• E:\Budget\January.txt

File Paths

• Folder tree in navigation pane in Windows

Explorer shows graphical representation of folder
system

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File Extensions and Types

• Extension: characters after the period in a file

name that indicate the file’s type
• Extensions tell the OS which application to use to
open a data file
• Extensions tell the OS which files are executable
(.exe or .com)

File Extensions and Types

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File Compression
• ZIP files
– Individual files or groups of files
– Individual folders or groups of folders
– Creates a single compressed archive file
– Right-click a group of selected files, point to Send To,
and choose Compressed (zipped) folder
• NTFS compression
– Can be applied to individual files or folders
– Invisible to the user
– In the Properties box for the folder, click Advanced and
mark the Compress Contents to Save Disk Space
check box

File Encryption

• Protects files from being accessed by

unauthorized users
• NTFS encryption
– Only the user who encrypted the files can view
them on the local volume
• BitLocker encryption
– Encrypts the entire drive so that it can’t be read if it
is removed from the current computer

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Backup Vocabulary

• Archive attribute: File attribute that indicates

whether or not a file has changed since its last
backup
• Full backup: Backs up all files and sets their
archive attribute to Off
• Differential backup: Backs up all files that have
the archive attribute On but does not change that
attribute
• Incremental backup: Backs up all files that have
the archive attribute On and then sets it to Off

Key Terms
adware graphical user interface Hierarchical system volume
algorithm File System Plus (HFS+) thin client
Android incremental backup uninstaller utility
anti-spam software Intel platform Universal Disc Format (UDF)
app iOS UNIX
archive attribute ISO 9660 utility software
backup set Linux virus
backup software Mac OS X Windows Phone
BitLocker malware Windows RT
Chrome OS Mavericks Windows Server
command-line interface Microsoft Windows x64
compressed archive New Technology File System (NTFS) x86
Device Manager partition
device driver path
differential backup platform
disk checking program Plug and Play
distribution (distro) registry
encrypt registry cleanup program
FAT32 roll back
file extension root directory
file system server
firewall software shell
folder tree spyware
format system-on-chip (SoC)
full backup system software

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Summary
• 1 . List three types of system software.
• 2 . What is the difference between an OS and a
platform?
• 3 . List five types of utility programs.
• 4 . List three operating systems that would run on an
IBM-compatible desktop PC.
• 5 . Name three operating systems used on
smartphones.
• 6 . Explain the purpose of Plug and Play technology.
• 7 . Explain the purpose of partitioning a drive.
• 8 . Give an example of a complete path to a file, and
explain the parts of the path.

Week 3 - Part 2
Introduction to
Windows 7

Learning Objectives:

• Understand the Windows 7 Interface

• Be able to start up and shut down
Windows
• Know how to run programs
• Perform common file management tasks

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A Tour of Windows 7

The Start Menu

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Locations and Settings on the Start Menu

Starting Up

• Cold boot: starting from an Off state

• Warm boot: restarting from an On state
• Click your user name, and type the account’s
password if prompted

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Shutting Down or Restarting

• Use the submenu on the Shut Down button on

the Start menu

Placing the PC in Low Power Mode

• Sleep: low power state, keeps RAM powered

• Hibernate: no-power state, RAM contents is
saved to the hard drive

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Logging Off

• Log off: Shuts down running programs,

allows another user to log on

Switching Users

• Switch user: Leaves all programs running, allows

another user to log on

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Locking the PC

• Returns to the password prompt for the current

user but does not log the user out

Starting an Application
• All Programs
menu

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Searching for an Application

Manipulating a Window

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Resizing a Window

• Drag the
window’s border

Application Menus

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Dialog Box Controls

Toolbars

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Ribbon

Context (Right-Click) Menu

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Exiting an Application

• Close button
• File, Exit
• Alt+F4

Windows Explorer Interface

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Navigation Bar

Changing the View of a Location

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Libraries

• Virtual folders that combine the contents of one

or more folders into a singe view
• Each library monitors one or more folders
• Default libraries: Documents, Music, Pictures,
Videos

Selecting Files and Folders

• Click to select a single item

• Hold down Shift to select contiguous selection
• Hold down Ctrl to select non-contiguous selection

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Creating New Folders

Renaming and Deleting

• Renaming
– Select the file and press F2 to make the name
editable; then type the new name
– Click the file and then click it again to move the
insertion point into the name. Edit the name.
– Right-click the file or folder and click Rename.
– Select the item and then open the File menu and
choose Rename.
• Deleting
– Press Delete on the keyboard.
– Right-click the item and click Delete.
– Open the Fie menu and click Delete.

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Moving and Copying

• Clipboard: A reserved area in memory for

temporarily holding content that has been cut or
copied

Shortcuts

• Shortcut: A pointer to a file or folder

• Some shortcuts have a small arrow in the corner
of the icon
• To create a shortcut, right-drag and then select
Create Shortcuts Here.

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Key Terms

address bar library Search box

All Programs lock shortcut
Clipboard log off shortcut menu
Sleep mode
cold boot maximize Start button
command bar menu bar Start menu
Switch User
contiguous minimize system tray
desktop non-contiguous taskbar
title bar
dialog box notification area toolbar
Hibernate mode pinned virtual folder
warm boot
homegroup restore window
icons Ribbon
keyboard shortcut save location

Summary
• 1 . Describe the major features of the Start menu and
desktop.
• 2 . Explain the alternatives available to completely
shutting down your computer at the end of
• your work session.
• 3 . Explain how to start and exit an application.
• 4 . Describe how to move, resize, minimize, maximize,
and close a window.
• 5 . Describe the controls used in dialog boxes.
• 6 . Explain how to move, copy, rename, and delete files
and folders.
• 7 . Demonstrate how to navigate between storage
locations using Windows Explorer.
• 8 . Explain the difference between a folder and a library.

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In Summary

 Next week lectures shall cover Understanding Application

Software and Microsoft Office 2010

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