Mathematics

NCERT QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS

EXERCISE : 1.1 2
Sol. (i) The additive inverse of is
1. Using appropriate properties find 8
2 3 5 3 1
(i) –  + –   −2  − 2
3 5 2 5 6  8 = 8 .
 
2  3 1 3 1 2
(ii)  − –  + 
5  7  6 2 14 5 (ii) The additive inverse of
−5  −5  5
is –   = .
2 3 5 3 1 2 3 3 1 5 9  9  9
Sol. (i) –  + –  =−  −  +
3 5 2 5 6 3 5 5 6 2 −6 −6
(iii) The additive inverse of is .
 3 2  3 1 5 −5 5
= −  +  −  +
 5 3  5 6 2 2 2
 3 2 1 5 (iv) The additive inverse of is .
=  −  +  + −9 9
 5 3 6 2
19 19
 3 4+1 5 3 5 5 (v) The additive inverse of is .
=  −  + =–  + −6 6
 5 6 2 5 6 2
3. Verify that – (– x) = x for
3  5 5 −1 5 −1 + 5 4
=− + = + = = = 2.
5 6 2 2 2 2 2 11 13
(i) x = (ii) x = –
2  3 1 3 1 2 15 17
(ii)  − –  + 
5  7  6 2 14 5 11
Sol. (i) x =
2  3 1 2 1 3 15
=  − +  − 
5  7  14 5 6 2
Publishing\PNCF\2024-25\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\8th\M-1\1. Rational Number

 11  11
 – (– x) = –  −  = =x
2  3 2 1 1 3  15  15
=  − +  − 
5  7  5 14 6 2
−13
2  3  1  1 3 (ii) x=
=   −  +  −  17
5  7  14  6 2
  −13    13  13
2  −6 + 1  3  – (– x) = –  −    = −  = –
=  −   17    17  17
5  14  12
2 −5 1 −1 1 −4 − 7 −11 4. Find the multiplicative inverse of the
=  − = − = = .
5 14 4 7 4 28 28 following:
2. Write the additive inverse of each of the
−13
following (i) – 13 (ii)
19
2 −5
(i) (ii)
8 9 1 −5 −3
(iii) (iv) 
−6 2 5 8 7
(iii) (iv)
−5 −9 −2
(v) – 1 × (vi) – 1
19 7
(v)
−6

    [19]
NCERT Basics: Class 8
Sol. (i) The multiplicative inverse of –13 is 6  −7 
–1
= 
1 13  16 
(–13)–1 = .
−13
6 16 96
=  =– .
(ii) The multiplicative inverse of 13 −7 91
–1
−13  −13  19 −19 7. Tell what property allows you to compute
19
is  19  = −13 = 13 . 1  4 1  4
   6 as  6  .
3  3   3  3
1
(iii) The multiplicative inverse of is 5. Sol. Associative property of multiplication
5
over rational numbers allows us to
−5 −3 −5  −3 15
(iv) We have,  = = compute :
8 7 87 56
1  4 1  4
 6 as  6  .
3  3   3  3
15
The multiplicative inverse of is
56
8 1
–1 8. Is the multiplicative inverse of – 1 ?
 15  56 9 8
 56  = 15
  Why or why not?
−2 2 8 1
(v) –1 × = Sol. No, is not the multiplicative inverse of –1 .
7 7 9 8
8  1  8 −9
2 7 Because ×  −1 8  = × = – 1  1.
The multiplicative inverse of = 9   9 8
7 2
1
(vi) The multiplicative inverse of –1 is –1. 9. Is 0.3 the multiplicative inverse of 3 ?
3

Publishing\PNCF\2024-25\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\8th\M-1\1. Rational Number

5. Name the property under multiplication Why or why not?
used in each of the following 1
Sol. Yes, 0.3 is multiplicative inverse of 3 .
−4 −4 4 3
(i) 1 = 1 =− 1 3 10
5 5 5 Because 0.3 × 3 =  = 1.
3 10 3
13 −2 −2 −13
(ii) −  =  10. Write
17 7 7 17
(i) The rational number that does not have a
−19 29 reciprocal.
(iii)  =1
29 −19
(ii) The rational numbers that are equal to
Sol. (i) Existence of multiplicative identity. their reciprocals.
(ii) Commutative property of multiplication. (iii) The rational number that is equal to its
(iii) Existence of multiplicative inverse. negative.
Sol. (i) We know that there is no rational
6 −7
6. Multiply by the reciprocal of . number which when multiplied with 0,
13 16
gives 1.
6  −7  Therefore, the rational number 0 has no
Sol. ×  the reciprocal of 16 
13   reciprocal.

[20] 
 Mathematics
(ii) We know that the reciprocal of 1 is 1 and −5
(ii) For , we make 5 markings of distance
the reciprocal of –1 is –1. Therefore 1 and 6
–1 are the only rational numbers which 1
each on the left of zero and starting
are equal to their reciprocals. 6
(iii) The rational number 0 is equal to its −5
from 0. The fifth marking is . The point
negative. 6
11. Fill in the blanks −5
P represents the rational number .
(i) Zero has _____ reciprocal. 6
(ii) The numbers ____ and ____ are their own 1 P
reciprocals. 0
(iii) The reciprocal of – 5 is ____.
1
(iv) Reciprocal of , where x  0 is ____.
x −2 −5 −9
2. Represent , , on the number
(v) The product of two rational numbers is 11 11 11
always a ____. line.
(vi) The reciprocal of a positive rational −2 −5 −9
Sol. For, , , we make 11 markings of
number is ____. 11 11 11
Sol. (i) No (ii) 1, – 1 1
distance each on the left of zero and
−1 11
(iii) (iv) x starting from 0. The second marking is
5
(v) Rational number (vi) Positive −2
. The point B represents the rational
11
Publishing\PNCF\2024-25\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\8th\M-1\1. Rational Number

EXERCISE : 1.2
−2
1. Represent these numbers on the number number .
11
line.
7 −5
(i) (ii) –1
4 6
P J I H G F E D C B A O
Sol. (i) For 7/4, we make 7 markings of
distance 1/4 each on the right of zero and
starting from 0. The seventh marking is −5
The fifth marking is . The point E
7/4. 11
1 P 2 −5
represents the rational number .
11
0
−9
The ninth marking is . The point I
11
−9
The point P represents the rational represents the rational number .
11
7
number .
4

    [21]
NCERT Basics: Class 8
3. Write five rational numbers, which are 40 41 42 47 48
    ...  
smaller than 2. 60 60 60 60 60
Sol. Five rational numbers less than 2 may be Thus, we have the following five rational
1 1 2 4
taken 1, , 0, –1, – numbers between and
2 2 3 5
There can be many more such rational 41 42 43 44 45
, , , and .
numbers. 60 60 60 60 60
−2 Note: We may take any five numbers
4. Find ten rational numbers between 41 47
5 given above from to .
1 60 60
and .
2 (ii) Converting the given rational numbers
Sol. Converting the given rational numbers with the same denominators
with the same denominators. −3 −3  3 −9 5 5  2 10
= = and, = =
−2 −2  4 −8 1 1  10 10 2 2 3 6 3 3 2 6
= = and, = =
5 5  4 20 2 2  10 20 We know that
We know that – 8 < – 7 < – 6 ... < 10 –9 < –8 < –7 < –6 < ... < 0 < 1 < 2 < .... < 8 < 9 < 10
−8 −7 −6 10 −9 −8 −7 −6 0 1 2
    ...       ...     ...
20 20 20 20 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Thus, we have the following ten rational
8 9 10
−2 1    .
number between and : 6 6 6
5 2
Thus, we have the following five rational
−7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2

Publishing\PNCF\2024-25\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\8th\M-1\1. Rational Number

, , , , , , ,0, and −3 5
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 numbers between and :
2 3
5. Find five rational numbers between
−8 −7 0 1 2
2 4 −3 5 , , , and
(i) and (ii) and 6 6 6 6 6
3 5 2 3
1 1 (iii) Converting the given rational numbers
(iii) and with the same denominators
4 2
Sol. (i) Converting the given rational 1 1 6 6 1 1 12 12
= × = and = × =
numbers with the same denominators 4 4 6 24 2 2 12 24
2 2  5 10 4 4  3 12 We know that
= = and, = =
3 3  5 15 5 5  3 15 6 < 7 < 8 < 9 < 10 < 11 < 12
2 10 10  4 40 Thus, we have the following five rational
also,= = =
3 15 15  4 60
6 12
4 12 12  4 48 numbers between and .
and, = = = 24 24
5 15 15  4 60
7 8 9 10 11
We know that , , , , .
24 24 24 24 24
40 < 41 < 42 < 43 < 44 < 45 < 46 < 47 < 48

[22] 
 Mathematics
6. Write five rational numbers greater than We know that
– 2. 60 < 61 < 62 < 63 <... < 72 < 73 < 74 < 75
Sol. Five rational numbers greater than – 2 60 61 62 63
     ...
3 −1 1 100 100 100 100
may be taken as − , −1, ,0, .
2 2 2 72 73 74 75
<    .
There can be many more such rational 100 100 100 100
numbers. Thus, we have the following ten rational
3 3 3
7. Find ten rational numbers between numbers between and ;
5 5 4
3 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68
and . , , , , , , , ,
4 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sol. Converting the given rational numbers 69 70
and .
100 100
with the same denominators
3 3  20 60 3 3  25 75
= = and = =
5 5  20 100 4 4  25 100
Publishing\PNCF\2024-25\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\8th\M-1\1. Rational Number

    [23]