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8 Normalization Methods

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26 views10 pages

8 Normalization Methods

Uploaded by

saharsh0812
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NORMALIZATION

METHODS
Normalization

• Many machine learning algorithms attempt to find trends


in the data by comparing features of data points.

• However, there is an issue when the features are on


drastically different scales.

• When the algorithm compares data points, the feature


with the larger scale will completely dominate the other.
• Problem Statement: Predict which house would be
best for you.

• Years old contributes more as compared to number


of rooms because of larger scale.
• The goal of normalization is to make every data point
have the same scale so each feature is equally important.
Min-Max Normalization

• For every feature, the minimum value of that feature gets


transformed into a 0, the maximum value gets
transformed into a 1, and every other value gets
transformed into a decimal between 0 and 1.
• Min-max normalization has one fairly significant
downside: it does not handle outliers very well. For
example, if you have 99 values between 0 and 40, and
one value is 100, then the 99 values will all be
transformed to a value between 0 and 0.4.

Now if we were to
compare these
points, the y-axis
would dominate;
the y-axis can
differ by 1, but the
x-axis can only
differ by 0.4.
Z-Score Normalization

• Z-score normalization is a strategy of normalizing data


that avoids this outlier issue.

• Here, μ is the mean value of the feature and σ is the


standard deviation of the feature.
Z-Score Normalization

• If a value is exactly equal to the mean of all the values of


the feature, it will be normalized to 0. If it is below the
mean, it will be a negative number, and if it is above the
mean it will be a positive number.

• The size of those negative and positive numbers is


determined by the standard deviation of the original
feature. If the un-normalized data had a large standard
deviation, the normalized values will be closer to 0.
• While the data still looks squished, notice that the points are
now on roughly the same scale for both features — almost all
points are between -2 and 2 on both the x-axis and y-axis. The
only potential downside is that the features aren’t on the exact
same scale.
Summary

• Min-max normalization: Guarantees all features will have


the exact same scale but does not handle outliers well.

• Z-score normalization: Handles outliers, but does not


produce normalized data with the exact same scale.

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