INDIA STATE

OF FOREST
REPORT
2023

VOLUME II

FOREST SURVEY OF INDIA

Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change
Photo: Subharanjan Sen, IFS
INDIA STATE OF
FOREST REPORT
2023
Volume II

Forest Survey of India

Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change
Government of India
 ISBN 978-81-950073-9-4

© Forest Survey of India

Published by
Forest Survey of India
(Ministry of Environment
Forest and Climate Change)
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Uttarakhand. India

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2755037
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2755037
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Edition 18, Volume 2, 2023

Printed at Dehradun, India 2024

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iii

Photo: FSI Repository

Forest Survey of India
 CONTENTS
CHAPTER 10: Forest and Tree Resources of State & UTs Page No.
Andhra Pradesh 002
Arunachal Pradesh 016
Assam 026
Bihar 038
Chhattisgarh 050
Delhi 060
Goa 068
Gujarat 076
Haryana 086
Himachal Pradesh 098
Jharkhand 110
Karnataka 122
Kerala 142
Madhya Pradesh 156
Maharashtra 174
Manipur 186
Meghalaya 196
Mizoram 204
Nagaland 214
Odisha 224
Punjab 234
Rajasthan 244
Sikkim 256
Tamil Nadu 264
Telangana 276
Tripura 288
Uttar Pradesh 298
Uttarakhand 310
West Bengal 320
Andaman & Nicobar Islands 332
Chandigarh 342
Dadra Nagar Haveli & Daman Diu 350
Jammu & Kashmir 358
Ladakh 368
Lakshadweep 376
Puducherry 382

Photo: FSI Repository

 Table of Contents
Contents 10.1 ANDHRA PRADESH 002
Contents 10.1.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.1.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.1.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.1.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.1.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.1.6 Results Derived from NFI for Andhra Pradesh

Contents 10.2 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 016

Contents 10.2.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.2.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.2.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.2.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.2.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.2.6 Results Derived from NFI for Arunachal Pradesh

Contents 10.3 ASSAM 026

Contents 10.3.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.3.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.3.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.3.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.3.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.3.6 Results Derived from NFI for Assam

Contents 10.4 BIHAR 038

Contents 10.4.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.4.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.4.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.4.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.4.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.4.6 Results derived from NFI for Bihar

Contents 10.5 CHHATTISGARH 050

Contents 10.5.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.5.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.5.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.5.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.5.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.5.6 Results Derived from NFI for Chhattisgarh
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Contents 10.6 DELHI 060

Contents 10.6.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.6.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.6.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.6.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.6.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.6.6 Results Derived from NFI for Delhi

Contents 10.7 GOA 068

Contents 10.7.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.7.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.7.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.7.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.7.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.7.6 Results Derived from NFI for Goa

Contents 10.8 GUJARAT 076

Contents 10.8.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.8.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.8.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.8.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.8.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.8.6 Results Derived from NFI for Gujarat

Contents 10.9 HARYANA 086

Contents 10.9.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.9.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.9.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.9.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.9.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.9.6 Results Derived from NFI for Haryana

Contents 10.10 HIMACHAL PRADESH 098

Contents 10.10.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.10.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.10.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.10.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.10.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.10.6 Results Derived from NFI for Himachal Pradesh
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 Table of Contents
Contents 10.11 JHARKHAND 110
Contents 10.11.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.11.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.11.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.11.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.11.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.11.6 Results Derived from NFI for Jharkhand

Contents 10.12 KARNATAKA 122

Contents 10.12.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.12.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.12.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.12.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.12.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.12.6 Results Derived from NFI for Karnataka

Contents 10.13 KERALA 142

Contents 10.13.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.13.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.13.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.13.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.13.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.13.6 Results Derived from NFI for Kerala

Contents 10.14 MADHYA PRADESH 156

Contents 10.14.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.14.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.14.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.14.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.14.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.14.6 Results Derived from NFI for Madhya Pradesh

Contents 10.15 MAHARASHTRA 174

Contents 10.15.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.15.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.15.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.15.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.15.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.15.6 Results Derived from NFI for Maharashtra
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Contents 10.16 MANIPUR 186

Contents 10.16.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.16.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.16.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.16.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.16.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.16.6 Results Derived from NFI for Manipur

Contents 10.17 MEGHALAYA 196

Contents 10.17.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.17.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.17.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.17.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.17.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.17.6 Results Derived from NFI for Meghalaya

Contents 10.18 MIZORAM 204

Contents 10.18.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.18.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.18.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.18.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.18.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.18.6 Results Derived from NFI for Mizoram

Contents 10.19 NAGALAND 214

Contents 10.19.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.19.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.19.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.19.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.19.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.19.6 Results Derived from NFI for Nagaland

Contents 10.20 ODISHA 224

Contents 10.20.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.20.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.20.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.20.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.20.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.20.6 Results Derived from NFI for Odisha
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 Table of Contents
Contents 10.21 PUNJAB 234
Contents 10.21.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.21.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.21.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.21.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.21.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.21.6 Results Derived from NFI for Punjab

Contents 10.22 RAJASTHAN 244

Contents 10.22.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.22.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.22.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.22.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.22.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.22.6 Results Derived from NFI for Rajasthan

Contents 10.23 SIKKIM 256

Contents 10.23.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.23.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.23.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.23.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.23.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.23.6 Results Derived from NFI for Sikkim

Contents 10.24 TAMIL NADU 264

Contents 10.24.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.24.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.24.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.24.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.24.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.24.6 Results Derived from NFI for Tamil Nadu

Contents 10.25 TELANGANA 276

Contents 10.25.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.25.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.25.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.25.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.25.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.25.6 Results Derived from NFI for Telangana
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Contents 10.26 TRIPURA 288

Contents 10.26.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.26.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.26.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.26.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.26.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.26.6 Results Derived from NFI for Tripura

Contents 10.27 UTTAR PRADESH 298

Contents 10.27.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.27.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.27.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.27.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.27.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.27.6 Results Derived from NFI for Uttar Pradesh

Contents 10.28 UTTARAKHAND 310

Contents 10.28.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.28.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.28.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.28.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.28.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.28.6 Results derived from NFI for Uttarakhand

Contents 10.29 WEST BENGAL 320

Contents 10.29.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.29.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.29.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.29.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.29.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.29.6 Results derived from NFI for West Bengal

Contents 10.30 ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS 332

Contents 10.30.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.30.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.30.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.30.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.30.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.30.6 Results derived from NFI for Andaman & Nicobar Islands
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 Table of Contents
Contents 10.31 CHANDIGARH 342
Contents 10.31.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.31.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.31.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.31.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.31.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.31.6 Results Derived from NFI for Chandigarh

Contents 10.32 DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI AND DAMAN & DIU 350
Contents 10.32.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.32.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.32.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.32.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.32.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.32.6 Results derived from NFI for Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu

Contents 10.33 Jammu & Kashmir 358

Contents 10.33.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.33.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.33.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.33.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.33.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.33.6 Results derived from NFI for Jammu and Kashmir

Contents 10.34 LADAKH 368

Contents 10.34.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.34.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.34.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.34.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.34.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.34.6 Results derived from NFI for Ladakh

Contents 10.35 LAKSHADWEEP 376

Contents 10.35.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.35.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.35.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.35.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.35.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.35.6 Results Derived from NFI for Lakshadweep
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Contents 10.36 PUDUCHERRY 382

Contents 10.36.1 Forest Cover
Contents 10.36.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash)
Contents 10.36.3 Forest Types
Contents 10.36.4 Forest Fire
Contents 10.36.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Contents 10.36.6 Results Derived from NFI for Puducherry

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 List of Tables
Table 10.1.1 Land Use Pattern
Table 10.1.2 Forest Cover of Andhra Pradesh
Table 10.1.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Andhra Pradesh
Table 10.1.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Andhra Pradesh
Table 10.1.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Andhra Pradesh
Table 10.1.6 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in Andhra
Pradesh
Table 10.1.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Andhra Pradesh between 2021
raster based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.1.8 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Andhra Pradesh between 2021
raster based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.1.9 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Andhra Pradesh
Table 10.1.10 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Andhra Pradesh
Table 10.1.11 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Andhra Pradesh
Table 10.1.12 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.1.13 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.1.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.1.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.1.16 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.1.17 Major NTFP Species in Andhra Pradesh
Table 10.1.18 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA/Green Wash in Andhra Pradesh

Table 10.2.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.2.2 Forest Cover of Arunachal Pradesh
Table 10.2.3 District-wise Forest Cover in Arunachal Pradesh
Table 10.2.4 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in
Arunachal Pradesh
Table 10.2.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Arunachal Pradesh between 2021
Raster based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.2.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Arunachal Pradesh between
2021 raster based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.2.7 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Arunachal Pradesh
Table 10.2.8 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Arunachal Pradesh
Table 10.2.9 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Arunachal Pradesh
Table 10.2.10 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.2.11 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.2.12 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.2.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.2.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.2.15 Major NTFP Species in Arunachal Pradesh
Table 10.2.16 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA/Green Wash in Arunachal
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Table 10.3.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.3.2 Forest Cover of Assam
Table 10.3.3 District-wise Forest Cover in Assam
Table 10.3.4 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Assam
Table 10.3.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in Assam
Table 10.3.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Assam between 2021 raster based
and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.3.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Assam Between 2021 raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.3.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Assam
Table 10.3.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Assam
Table 10.3.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Assam
Table 10.3.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.3.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.3.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 species in RFA
Table 10.3.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.3.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.3.16 Major NTFP Species in Assam
Table 10.3.17 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside The RFA/Green Wash in Assam

Table 10.4.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.4.2 Forest Cover of Bihar
Table 10.4.3 District-wise Forest Cover in Bihar
Table 10.4.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Bihar
Table 10.4.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in Bihar
Table 10.4.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA for Bihar between 2021 raster based and
2023 Assessments
Table 10.4.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA for Bihar between 2021 raster based and
2023 Assessments
Table 10.4.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Bihar
Table 10.4.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Bihar
Table 10.4.10 Area statistics of the Forest Types found in Bihar
Table 10.4.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.4.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.4.13 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 species in RFA
Table 10.4.14 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 species in Rural Area
Table 10.4.15 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 species in Urban Area
Table 10.4.16 Major invasive species in the State inside the RFA/Green Wash in Bihar
Table 10.4.17 Major NTFP species in Bihar

Table 10.5.1 Land Use Pattern

xiv

Table 10.5.2 Forest Cover of Chhattisgarh

Forest Survey of India

 List of Tables
Table 10.5.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Chhattisgarh
Table 10.5.4 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in
Chhattisgarh
Table 10.5.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Chhattisgarh between 2021 raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.5.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Chhattisgarh between 2021
raster based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.5.7 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Chhattisgarh
Table 10.5.8 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Chhattisgarh
Table 10.5.9 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Chhattisgarh
Table 10.5.10 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.5.11 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.5.12 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.5.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.5.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.5.15 Major NTFP Species in Chhattisgarh
Table 10.5.16 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA/Green Wash in Chhattisgarh

Table 10.6.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.6.2 Forest Cover of Delhi
Table 10.6.3 District-wise Forest Cover in Delhi
Table 10.6.4 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in Delhi
Table 10.6.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Delhi between 2021 Raster based
& 2023 Assessments
Table 10.6.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Delhi between 2021 Raster
based & 2023 Assessments
Table 10.6.7 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Delhi
Table 10.6.8 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Delhi
Table 10.6.9 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Delhi
Table 10.6.10 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.6.11 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.6.12 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.6.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.6.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.6.15 Major NTFP Species in Delhi
Table 10.6.16 Major Invasive Species in the State inside the RFA/Green Wash in Delhi

Table 10.7.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.7.2 Forest Cover of Goa
Table 10.7.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Goa
Table 10.7.4 Forest Cover in Municipal areas of Goa
Table 10.7.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in Goa
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Table 10.7.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Goa between 2021 raster based
and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.7.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Goa between 2021 raster based
and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.7.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Goa
Table 10.7.9 Forest Cover in different slope classes in Goa
Table 10.7.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Goa
Table 10.7.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.7.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.7.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.7.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.7.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.7.16 Major NTFP Species in Goa
Table 10.7.17 Major invasive species in the State inside the RFA/Green Wash in Goa

Table 10.8.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.8.2 Forest Cover of Gujarat
Table 10.8.3 District-wise Forest Cover in Gujarat
Table 10.8.4 Forest Cover in Municipal areas of Gujarat
Table 10.8.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in Gujarat
Table 10.8.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Gujarat between 2021 raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.8.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Gujarat between 2021 raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.8.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Gujarat
Table 10.8.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Gujarat
Table 10.8.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Gujarat
Table 10.8.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.8.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.8.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.8.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.8.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.8.16 Major NTFP Species in Gujarat
Table 10.8.17 Major invasive Species in the State inside the RFA/Green Wash in Gujarat

Table 10.9.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.9.2 Forest Cover of Haryana
Table 10.9.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Haryana
Table 10.9.4 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Haryana
Table 10.9.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in Haryana
Table 10.9.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Haryana Between 2021 raster
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based and 2023 Assessments

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 List of Tables
Table 10.9.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Haryana between 2021 raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.9.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Haryana
Table 10.9.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Haryana
Table 10.9.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types found in Haryana
Table 10.9.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.9.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.9.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.9.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.9.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.9.16 Major NTFP Species in Haryana
Table 10.9.17 Major Invasive Species in the State inside the RFA/Green Wash in Haryana

Table 10.10.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.10.2 Forest Cover of Himachal Pradesh
Table 10.10.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Himachal Pradesh
Table 10.10.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Himachal Pradesh
Table 10.10.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Himachal Pradesh
Table 10.10.6 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in
Himachal Pradesh
Table 10.10.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Himachal Pradesh between 2021
Raster based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.10.8 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Himachal Pradesh between
2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.10.9 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Himachal Pradesh
Table 10.10.10 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Himachal Pradesh
Table 10.10.11 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Himachal Pradesh
Table 10.10.12 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.10.13 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.10.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.10.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.10.16 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.10.17 Major NTFP Species in Himachal Pradesh
Table 10.10.18 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA/Green Wash in Himachal
Pradesh

Table 10.11.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.11.2 Forest Cover of Jharkhand
Table 10.11.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Jharkhand
Table 10.11.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Jharkhand
Table 10.11.5 Forest Cover in Municipal areas of Jharkhand
Table 10.11.6 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in
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Table 10.11.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix inside RFA/GW for Jharkhand between 2021 Raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.11.8 Forest Cover Change Matrix outside RFA/GW for Jharkhand between 2021
Raster based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.11.9 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Jharkhand
Table 10.11.10 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Jharkhand
Table 10.11.11 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Jharkhand
Table 10.11.12 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.11.13 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.11.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 species in RFA
Table 10.11.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 species in Rural Area
Table 10.11.16 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 species in Urban Area
Table 10.11.17 Major NTFP species in Jharkhand
Table 10.11.18 Major Invasive Species in the State inside the RFA/Green Wash in Jharkhand

Table 10.12.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.12.2 Forest Cover of Karnataka
Table 10.12.3 District-wise Forest Cover in Karnataka
Table 10.12.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Karnataka
Table 10.12.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Karnataka
Table 10.12.6 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in
Karnataka
Table 10.12.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW For Karnataka between 2021 raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.12.8 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Karnataka between 2021 raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.12.9 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Karnataka
Table 10.12.10 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Karnataka
Table 10.12.11 Area Statistics of the Forest Types found in Karnataka
Table 10.12.12 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.12.13 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.12.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.12.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.12.16 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.12.17 Major NTFP Species in Karnataka
Table 10.12.18 Major Invasive Species In The State Inside The RFA/Green Wash in Karnataka

Table 10.13.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.13.2 Forest Cover of Kerala
Table 10.13.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Kerala
Table 10.13.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Kerala
xviii

Table 10.13.5 Forest Cover in Municipal areas of Kerala

Forest Survey of India

 List of Tables
Table 10.13.6 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in Kerala
Table 10.13.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Kerala between 2021 raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.13.8 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Kerala between 2021 raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.13.9 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Kerala
Table 10.13.10 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Kerala
Table 10.13.11 Area Statistics of the Forest Types found in Kerala
Table 10.13.12 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.13.13 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.13.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.13.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.13.16 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.13.17 Major NTFP Species in Kerala
Table 10.13.18 Major invasive Species in the State inside the RFA/Green Wash in Kerala

Table 10.14.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.14.2 Forest Cover of Madhya Pradesh
Table 10.14.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Madhya Pradesh
Table 10.14.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Madhya Pradesh
Table 10.14.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Madhya Pradesh
Table 10.14.6 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (Or Green Wash) in
Madhya Pradesh
Table 10.14.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW For Madhya Pradesh between 2021
Raster based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.14.8 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Madhya Pradesh between 2021
Raster based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.14.9 Altitude-Wise Forest Cover in Madhya Pradesh
Table 10.14.10 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Madhya Pradesh
Table 10.14.11 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Madhya Pradesh
Table 10.14.12 District-Wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.14.13 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.14.14 Number of Trees and Their Volume for Top 5 Species In RFA
Table 10.14.15 Number of Trees and Their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.14.16 Number of Trees and Their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.14.17 Major NTFP Species in Madhya Pradesh
Table 10.14.18 Major Invasive Species in The State Inside the RFA/Green Wash In Madhya
Pradesh

Table 10.15.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.15.2 Forest Cover of Maharashtra
Table 10.15.3 District- Wise Forest Cover in Maharashtra
xix

Table 10.15.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Maharashtra

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2)

Table 10.15.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in
Maharashtra
Table 10.15.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Maharashtra Between 2021
Raster based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.15.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Maharashtra Between 2021
Raster based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.15.8 Altitude-Wise Forest Cover in Maharashtra
Table 10.15.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Maharashtra
Table 10.15.10 Area Statistics of The Forest Types Found in Maharashtra
Table 10.15.11 District-Wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.15.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.15.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.15.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.15.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.15.16 Major Invasive Species in The State Inside the RFA/Green Wash in Maharashtra
Table 10.15.17 Major NTFP Species in Maharashtra

Table 10.16.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.16.2 Forest Cover of Manipur
Table 10.16.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Manipur
Table 10.16.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Manipur
Table 10.16.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in
Manipur
Table 10.16.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Manipur between 2021 Raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.16.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Manipur between 2021 Raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.16.8 Altitude-Wise Forest Cover in Manipur
Table 10.16.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Manipur
Table 10.16.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Manipur
Table 10.16.11 District-Wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.16.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.16.13 Number of Trees and Their Volume for Top 5 Species In RFA
Table 10.16.14 Number of Trees and Their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.16.15 Number of Trees and Their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.16.16 Major NTFP Species in Manipur
Table 10.16.17 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA/Green Wash in Manipur

Table 10.17.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.17.2 Forest Cover of Meghalaya
Table 10.17.3 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in
Meghalaya
xx

Forest Survey of India

 List of Tables
Table 10.17.4 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Meghalaya between 2021 raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.17.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Meghalaya between 2021
raster based and 2023 Assessments.
Table 10.17.6 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Meghalaya
Table 10.17.7 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Meghalaya
Table 10.17.8 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Meghalaya
Table 10.17.9 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.17.10 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.17.11 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.17.12 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.17.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.17.14 Major NTFP Species in Meghalaya
Table 10.17.15 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA/Green Wash in Meghalaya

Table 10.18.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.18.2 Forest Cover of Mizoram
Table 10.18.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Mizoram
Table 10.18.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Mizoram
Table 10.18.5 Forest Cover in Municipal areas of Mizoram
Table 10.18.6 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in
Mizoram
Table 10.18.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Mizoram between 2021 raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.18.8 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Mizoram between 2021 raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.18.9 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Mizoram
Table 10.18.10 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Mizoram
Table 10.18.11 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Mizoram
Table 10.18.12 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.18.13 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.18.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.18.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.18.16 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.18.17 Major NTFP Species in Mizoram
Table 10.18.18 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA/Green Wash in Mizoram

Table 10.19.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.19.2 Forest Cover of Nagaland
Table 10.19.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Nagaland
Table 10.19.4 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in
Nagaland
xxi

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2)

Table 10.19.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Nagaland between 2021 raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.19.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Nagaland between 2021 raster
based and 2023 Assessments.
Table 10.19.7 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Nagaland
Table 10.19.8 Forest Cover in different slope classes in Nagaland
Table 10.19.9 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Nagaland
Table 10.19.10 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.19.11 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.19.12 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.19.13 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.19.14 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.19.15 Major NTFP Species in Nagaland
Table 10.19.16 Major invasive Species in the State inside the RFA/Green Wash in Nagaland

Table 10.20.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.20.2 Forest Cover of Odisha
Table 10.20.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Odisha
Table 10.20.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Odisha
Table 10.20.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in Odisha
Table 10.20.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Odisha Between 2021 Raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.20.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Odisha between 2021 raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.20.8 Altitude-Wise Forest Cover in Odisha
Table 10.20.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Odisha
Table 10.20.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Odisha
Table 10.20.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.20.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.20.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species In RFA
Table 10.20.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.20.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.20.16 Major NTFP Species in Odisha
Table 10.20.17 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA/Green Wash in Odisha

Table 10.21.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.21.2 Forest Cover of Punjab
Table 10.21.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Punjab
Table 10.21.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Punjab
Table 10.21.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in Punjab
xxii

Forest Survey of India

 List of Tables
Table 10.21.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Punjab between 2021 Raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.21.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Punjab between 2021 Raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.21.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Punjab
Table 10.21.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Punjab
Table 10.21.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Punjab
Table 10.21.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.21.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.21.13 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.21.14 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.21.15 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.21.16 Major NTFP species in Punjab
Table 10.21.17 Major invasive Species in the State inside the RFA/Green Wash in Punjab

Table 10.22.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.22.2 Forest Cover of Rajasthan
Table 10.22.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Rajasthan
Table 10.22.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Rajasthan
Table 10.22.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in
Rajasthan
Table 10.22.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Rajasthan Between 2021 raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.22.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Rajasthan Between 2021 raster
based And 2023 Assessments
Table 10.22.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Rajasthan
Table 10.22.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Rajasthan
Table 10.22.10 Area Statistics of the Forest types Found in Rajasthan
Table 10.22.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.22.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.22.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.22.14 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.22.15 Number of Trees and Their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.22.16 Major NTFP Species in Rajasthan
Table 10.22.17 Major Invasive Species In the State Inside the RFA/Green Wash in Rajasthan

Table 10.23.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.23.2 Forest Cover of Sikkim
Table 10.23.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Sikkim
Table 10.23.4 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in Sikkim
Table 10.23.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA (or Green Wash) for Sikkim Between
xxiii

2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2)

Table 10.23.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA (or Green Wash) for Sikkim Between
2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.23.7 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Sikkim
Table 10.23.8 Forest Cover in different slope classes in Sikkim
Table 10.23.9 Area Statistics of The Forest Types Found in Sikkim
Table 10.23.10 District-Wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.23.11 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.23.12 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.23.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.23.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.23.15 Major NTFP Species in Sikkim
Table 10.23.16 Major Invasive Species in the State inside the RFA/Green Wash in Sikkim

Table 10.24.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.24.2 Forest Cover of Tamil Nadu
Table 10.24.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Tamil Nadu
Table 10.24.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Tamil Nadu
Table 10.24.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in Tamil
Nadu
Table 10.24.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Tamil Nadu between 2021 raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.24.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Tamil Nadu between 2021
Raster based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.24.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Tamil Nadu
Table 10.24.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Tamil Nadu
Table 10.24.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Tamil Nadu.
Table 10.24.11 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.24.12 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.24.13 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.24.14 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.24.15 Major NTFP Species in Tamil Nadu
Table 10.24.16 Major invasive Species in the State inside the RFA/Green Wash in Tamil Nadu

Table 10.25.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.25.2 Forest Cover of Telangana
Table 10.25.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Telangana
Table 10.25.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Telangana
Table 10.25.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in
Telangana
Table 10.25.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Telangana between 2021 raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.25.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Telangana between 2021 raster
xxiv

based and 2023 Assessments

Forest Survey of India

 List of Tables
Table 10.25.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Telangana
Table 10.25.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Telangana
Table 10.25.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types found in Telangana
Table 10.25.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.25.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.25.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.25.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.25.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.25.16 Major NTFP Species in Telangana
Table 10.25.17 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA/Green Wash in Telangana

Table 10.26.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.26.2 Forest Cover of Tripura
Table 10.26.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Tripura
Table 10.26.4 Division- wise Forest Cover in Tripura
Table 10.26.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Tripura
Table 10.26.6 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in Tripura
Table 10.26.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Tripura between 2021 Raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.26.8 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Tripura between 2021 Raster
based and 2023 Assessments.
Table 10.26.9 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Tripura
Table 10.26.10 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Tripura
Table 10.26.11 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Tripura
Table 10.26.12 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.26.13 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.26.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.26.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.26.16 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.26.17 Major NTFP Species in Tripura
Table 10.26.18 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA/Green Wash in Tripura

Table 10.27.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.27.2 Forest Cover of Uttar Pradesh
Table 10.27.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Uttar Pradesh
Table 10.27.4 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in Uttar
Pradesh
Table 10.27.5 Forest Cover change matrix inside RFA/GW for Uttar Pradesh between 2021
Raster based and 2023 assessments
Table 10.27.6 Forest Cover change matrix outside RFA/GW for Uttar Pradesh between 2021
Raster based and 2023 assessments
xxv

Table 10.27.7 Altitude-Wise Forest Cover in Uttar Pradesh

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2)

Table 10.27.8 Forest Cover in different slope classes in Uttar Pradesh

Table 10.27.9 Area statistics of the Forest Types found in Uttar Pradesh
Table 10.27.10 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.27.11 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.27.12 Number of Trees and their Volume For Top 5 Species In RFA
Table 10.27.13 Number of Trees and Their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.27.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.27.15 Major NTFP Species in Uttar Pradesh
Table 10.27.16 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA/Green Wash in Uttar Pradesh

Table 10.28.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.28.2 Forest Cover of Uttarakhand
Table 10.28.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Uttarakhand
Table 10.28.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Uttarakhand
Table 10.28.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in
Uttarakhand
Table 10.28.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Uttarakhand between 2021
Raster based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.28.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Uttarakhand between 2021
Raster based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.28.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Uttarakhand
Table 10.28.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Uttarakhand
Table 10.28.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Uttarakhand
Table 10.28.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.28.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.28.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.28.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.28.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.28.16 Major NTFP Species in Uttarakhand
Table 10.28.17 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA/Green Wash in Uttarakhand

Table 10.29.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.29.2 Forest Cover of West Bengal
Table 10.29.3 District-wise Forest Cover in West Bengal
Table 10.29.4 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of West Bengal
Table 10.29.5 Forest Cover Inside & Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in West
Bengal
Table 10.29.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA (or Green Wash) for West Bengal Between
2021 Raster based & 2023 Assessments
Table 10.29.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA (or Green Wash) for West Bengal
Between 2021 Raster based & 2023 Assessments
Table 10.29.8 Forest Cover of West Bengal in Different Altitude Zones
xxvi

Table 10.29.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in West Bengal

Forest Survey of India

 List of Tables
Table 10.29.10 Area statistics of the Forest Types found in West Bengal
Table 10.29.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.29.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.29.13 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.29.14 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.29.15 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.29.16 Major NTFP Species in West Bengal
Table 10.29.17 Major invasive Species in the State inside the RFA/Green Wash in West Bengal

Table 10.30.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.30.2 Forest Cover of Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Table 10.30.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Table 10.30.4 Forest Cover in Municipal areas of Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Table 10.30.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in A&N
Islands
Table 10.30.6 Forest Cover change matrix Inside RFA/GW for Andaman & Nicobar Islands
between 2021 raster based and 2023 assessments
Table 10.30.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for A&N Islands between 2021
Raster based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.30.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Table 10.30.9 Forest Cover in different Slope Classes in Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Table 10.30.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types found in Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Table 10.30.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.30.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.30.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.30.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.30.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.30.16 Major NTFP Species in Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Table 10.30.17 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA/Green Wash in Andaman &
Nicobar Islands

Table 10.31.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.31.2 Forest Cover of Chandigarh
Table 10.31.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Chandigarh
Table 10.31.4 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in
Chandigarh
Table 10.31.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Chandigarh between 2021 Raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.31.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Chandigarh between 2021
Raster based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.31.7 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Chandigarh
Table 10.31.8 Forest Cover in different slope classes in Chandigarh
xxvii

Table 10.31.9 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Chandigarh

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2)

Table 10.31.10 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

Table 10.31.11 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.31.12 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.31.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.31.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.31.15 Major NTFP Species in Chandigarh
Table 10.31.16 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA/Green Wash in Chandigarh

Table 10.32.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.32.2 Forest Cover of Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu
Table 10.32.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu
Table 10.32.4 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in Dadra
& Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu
Table 10.32.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman
& Diu between 2021 raster based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.32.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Dadra & Nagar Haveli and
Daman & Diu between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments.
Table 10.32.7 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu
Table 10.32.8 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman &
Diu
Table 10.32.9 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman &
Diu
Table 10.32.10 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.32.11 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.32.12 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.32.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.32.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.32.15 Major NTFP Species in Dadra & Nagar Haveli And Daman & Diu
Table 10.32.16 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA/Green Wash in Dadra & Nagar
Haveli And Daman & Diu

Table 10.33.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.33.2 Forest Cover of Jammu & Kashmir
Table 10.33.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Jammu & Kashmir
Table 10.33.4 Forest Cover in Municipal areas of Jammu & Kashmir
Table 10.33.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in
Jammu & Kashmir
Table 10.33.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Jammu & Kashmir between 2021
Raster based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.33.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Jammu & Kashmir between
2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments.
Table 10.33.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Jammu & Kashmir
Table 10.33.9 Forest Cover in different slope classes in Jammu & Kashmir
xxviii

Table 10.33.10 Area statistics of the forest types found in Jammu & Kashmir

Forest Survey of India

 List of Tables
Table 10.33.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.33.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.33.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in RFA
Table 10.33.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.33.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area
Table 10.33.16 Major NTFP Species in Jammu & Kashmir
Table 10.33.17 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA/Green Wash in Jammu &
Kashmir

Table 10.34.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.34.2 Forest Cover of Ladakh
Table 10.34.3 District-wise Forest Cover in Ladakh
Table 10.34.4 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in Ladakh
Table 10.34.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Ladakh between 2021 Raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.34.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Ladakh between 2021 Raster
based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.34.7 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Ladakh
Table 10.34.8 Forest Cover in different slope classes in Ladakh
Table 10.34.9 Area statistics of the forest types found in Ladakh
Table 10.34.10 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
Table 10.34.11 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.34.12 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.34.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area

Table 10.35.1
Land Use Pattern
Table 10.35.2
Forest Cover of Lakshadweep
Table 10.35.3
District- wise Forest Cover in Lakshadweep
Table 10.35.4
Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in
Lakshadweep
Table 10.35.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Lakshadweep between 2021
Raster based and 2023 Assessments.
Table 10.35.6 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Lakshadweep
Table 10.35.7 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Lakshadweep
Table 10.35.8 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Lakshadweep
Table 10.35.9 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.35.10 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Rural Area
Table 10.35.11 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area

Table 10.36.1 Land Use Pattern

Table 10.36.2 Forest Cover of Puducherry
xxix

Table 10.36.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Puducherry

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2)

Table 10.36.4 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in
Puducherry
Table 10.36.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Puducherry between 2021
Raster based and 2023 Assessments
Table 10.36.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Puducherry between 2021
Raster based and 2023 Assessments.
Table 10.36.7 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Puducherry
Table 10.36.8 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Puducherry
Table 10.36.9 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Puducherry
Table 10.36.10 Forest Fire Prone Classes
Table 10.36.11 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 species in Rural Area
Table 10.36.12 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in Urban Area

xxx

Forest Survey of India

 List of Figures
Figure 10.1.1 Forest Cover of Andhra Pradesh
Figure 10.1.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Andhra Pradesh
Figure 10.1.3 Forest Cover Map of Andhra Pradesh
Figure 10.1.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.2.1 Forest Cover of Arunachal Pradesh

Figure 10.2.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Green Wash in Arunachal Pradesh
Figure 10.2.3 Forest Cover Map of Arunachal Pradesh
Figure 10.2.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.3.1 Forest Cover of Assam

Figure 10.3.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of GW in Assam
Figure 10.3.3 Forest Cover Map of Assam
Figure 10.3.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.4.1 Forest Cover of Bihar

Figure 10.4.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Bihar
Figure 10.4.3 Forest Cover Map of Bihar
Figure 10.4.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.5.1 Forest Cover of Chhattisgarh

Figure 10.5.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Chhattisgarh
Figure 10.5.3 Forest Cover Map of Chhattisgarh
Figure 10.5.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.6.1 Forest Cover of Delhi

Figure 10.6.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Delhi
Figure 10.6.3 Forest Cover Map of Delhi
Figure 10.6.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.7.1 Forest Cover of Goa

Figure 10.7.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Goa
Figure 10.7.3 Forest Cover Map of Goa
Figure 10.7.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.8.1 Forest Cover of Gujarat

Figure 10.8.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Gujarat
Figure 10.8.3 Forest Cover Map of Gujarat
Figure 10.8.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes
xxxi

Figure 10.9.1 Forest Cover of Haryana

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2)

Figure 10.9.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Haryana

Figure 10.9.3 Forest Cover Map of Haryana
Figure 10.9.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.10.1 Forest Cover of Himachal Pradesh

Figure 10.10.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Green Wash in Himachal Pradesh
Figure 10.10.3 Forest Cover Map of Himachal Pradesh
Figure 10.10.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.11.1 Forest Cover of Jharkhand

Figure 10.11.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Jharkhand
Figure 10.11.3 Forest Cover Map of Jharkhand
Figure 10.11.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.12.1 Forest Cover of Karnataka

Figure 10.12.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Karnataka
Figure 10.12.3 Forest Cover Map of Karnataka
Figure 10.12.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.13.1 Forest Cover of Kerala

Figure 10.13.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Kerala
Figure 10.13.3 Forest Cover Map of Kerala
Figure 10.13.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.14.1 Forest Cover of Madhya Pradesh

Figure 10.14.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Madhya Pradesh
Figure 10.14.3 Forest Cover Map of Madhya Pradesh
Figure 10.14.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.15.1 Forest Cover of Maharashtra

Figure 10.15.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Maharashtra
Figure 10.15.3 Forest Cover Map of Maharashtra
Figure 10.15.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.16.1 Forest Cover of Manipur

Figure 10.16.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of GW in Manipur
Figure 10.16.3 Forest Cover Map of Manipur
Figure 10.16.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.17.1 Forest Cover of Meghalaya

xxxii

Figure 10.17.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Green Wash in Meghalaya

Forest Survey of India

 List of Figures
Figure 10.17.3 Forest Cover Map of Meghalaya
Figure 10.17.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.18.1 Forest Cover of Mizoram

Figure 10.18.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Green Wash in Mizoram
Figure 10.18.3 Forest Cover Map of Mizoram
Figure 10.18.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.19.1 Forest Cover of Nagaland

Figure 10.19.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of GW in Nagaland
Figure 10.19.3 Forest Cover Map of Nagaland
Figure 10.19.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.20.1 Forest Cover of Odisha

Figure 10.20.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Odisha
Figure 10.20.3 Forest Cover Map of Odisha
Figure 10.20.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.21.1 Forest Cover of Punjab

Figure 10.21.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of GW in Punjab
Figure 10.21.3 Forest Cover Map of Punjab
Figure 10.21.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.22.1 Forest Cover of Rajasthan

Figure 10.22.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Rajasthan
Figure 10.22.3 Forest Cover Map of Rajasthan
Figure 10.22.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.23.1 Forest Cover of Sikkim

Figure 10.23.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Sikkim
Figure 10.23.3 Forest Cover Map of Sikkim
Figure 10.23.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.24.1 Forest Cover of Tamilnadu

Figure 10.24.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Tamilnadu
Figure 10.24.3 Forest Cover Map of Tamilnadu
Figure 10.24.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.25.1 Forest Cover of Telangana

Figure 10.25.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Telangana
xxxiii

Figure 10.25.3 Forest Cover Map of Telangana

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2)

Figure 10.25.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.26.1 Forest Cover of Tripura

Figure 10.26.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside RFA in Tripura
Figure 10.26.3 Forest Cover Map of Tripura
Figure 10.26.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.27.1 Forest Cover of Uttar Pradesh

Figure 10.27.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of GW in Uttar Pradesh
Figure 10.27.3 Forest Cover Map of Uttar Pradesh
Figure 10.27.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.28.1 Forest Cover of Uttarakhand

Figure 10.28.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Uttarakhand
Figure 10.28.3 Forest Cover Map of Uttarakhand
Figure 10.28.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.29.1 Forest Cover of West Bengal

Figure 10.29.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in West Bengal
Figure 10.29.3 Forest Cover Map of West Bengal
Figure 10.29.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.30.1 Forest Cover of Andaman & Nicobar Islands

Figure 10.30.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Figure 10.30.3 Forest Cover Map of Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Figure 10.30.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.31.1 Forest Cover of Chandigarh

Figure 10.31.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Chandigarh
Figure 10.31.3 Forest Cover Map of Chandigarh
Figure 10.31.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.32.1 Forest Cover of DNH & Daman Diu

Figure 10.32.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in DNH & Daman Diu
Figure 10.32.3 Forest Cover Map of DNH & Daman Diu
Figure 10.32.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.33.1 Forest Cover of Jammu & Kashmir

Figure 10.33.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Green Wash in Jammu & Kashmir
Figure 10.33.3 Forest Cover Map of Jammu & Kashmir
xxxiv

Figure 10.33.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Forest Survey of India

 List of Figures
Figure 10.34.1 Forest Cover of Ladakh
Figure 10.34.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Green Wash in Ladakh
Figure 10.34.3 Forest Cover Map of Ladakh
Figure 10.34.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.35.1 Forest Cover of Lakshadweep

Figure 10.35.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of GW in Lakshadweep
Figure 10.35.3 Forest Cover Map of Lakshadweep
Figure 10.35.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

Figure 10.36.1 Forest Cover of Puducherry

Figure 10.36.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Puducherry
Figure 10.36.3 Forest Cover Map of Puducherry
Figure 10.36.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes
xxxv

Forest Survey of India

Photo: FSI Repository
 10.1
ANDHRA PRADESH
ANDHRA PRADESH
Geographical Area
1,62,923 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 12◦37’ N to 19◦55’ N
Longitude 76◦45’ E to 84◦46’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
49.39 million
Urban 14.61 million (29.58 %)
Rural 34.78 million (70.42 %)
Tribal 2.63 million (5.32 %)
Average Population Density
308 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
56.10 million
No. of Districts
26
No. of Hill Districts
0
No. of Tribal Districts
5

Table 10.1.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 16,297
Reporting area for land utilization 16,296.69 100.00
Forests 3,688.22 22.63
Not available for land cultivation 3,417.45 20.97
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 203.58 1.25
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 154.29 0.95
Culturable wasteland 402.03 2.47
Fallow land other than current fallows 893.86 5.48
Current fallows 1,499.31 9.20
Net area sown 6,037.95 37.05
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
2

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Andhra Pradesh

10.1.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.1.2 Forest Cover of Andhra Pradesh

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 1,995.71 1.22
MDF 13,725.75 8.42
OF 14,363.50 8.82
Total 30,084.96 18.46
Scrub 8,351.62 5.13

Figure 10.1.1 Forest Cover of Andhra Pradesh

Table 10.1.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Andhra Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Alluri Sitharama Raju 12,446.54 1,183.18 3,781.97 1,952.17 6,917.32 55.58 -101.69 726.83
Anakapalli 3,847.88 0.00 155.02 551.29 706.31 18.36 -9.62 257.93
Ananthapuramu 10,184.85 0.00 22.55 222.90 245.45 2.41 -0.68 551.84
Annamayya 9,111.77 28.51 1,277.28 1,050.56 2,356.35 25.86 -5.16 568.49
Bapatla 3,884.29 0.00 41.28 72.58 113.86 2.93 2.10 29.03
Chittoor 6,632.71 0.00 457.98 788.33 1,246.31 18.79 -5.44 625.25
East Godavari 2,592.80 0.00 116.80 286.37 403.17 15.55 -6.07 6.37
Eluru 6,603.62 366.19 488.08 835.27 1,689.54 25.59 -8.38 24.36
Guntur 2,413.66 0.00 0.06 13.28 13.34 0.55 0.25 9.62
Kakinada 3,080.32 0.02 184.33 359.78 544.13 17.66 4.12 113.00
Konaseema 2,380.59 0.00 67.32 353.68 421.00 17.68 10.68 2.37
Krishna 3,813.89 0.00 50.25 124.35 174.60 4.58 9.34 3.45
Kurnool 7,940.12 0.00 0.75 70.73 71.48 0.90 -2.20 145.21
Nandyal 9,717.88 86.01 1,506.01 506.74 2,098.76 21.60 -6.30 536.45
NTR 3,289.04 35.21 77.49 250.67 363.37 11.05 -8.96 22.65
Palnadu 7,291.26 0.99 247.18 521.37 769.54 10.55 -12.00 447.82
Parvathipuram
3,801.94 0.00 229.84 776.62 1,006.46 26.47 -29.19 290.96
Manyam
Prakasam 14,279.49 256.87 1,780.29 1,213.77 3,250.93 22.77 -6.97 1,139.54
Sri Potti Sriramulu
10,299.69 22.19 474.56 663.76 1,160.51 11.27 17.77 671.83
Nellore
Sri Sathya Sai 8,945.15 0.00 187.17 568.60 755.77 8.45 0.78 550.33
Srikakulam 4,430.10 0.00 77.54 500.36 577.90 13.04 6.04 315.61
Tirupati 8,692.82 6.38 888.26 1,209.39 2,104.03 24.20 -21.45 509.69
Visakhapatnam 952.40 0.00 99.03 173.42 272.45 28.61 -4.76 4.21
Vizianagaram 4,143.96 0.00 43.38 370.44 413.82 9.99 35.35 90.64
West Godavari 2,147.50 0.00 0.33 60.63 60.96 2.84 9.16 0.02
YSR Kadapa 9,998.30 10.16 1,471.00 866.44 2,347.60 23.48 -5.38 708.12
Grand Total 1,62,922.57 1,995.71 13,725.75 14,363.50 30,084.96 18.46 -138.66 8,351.62
3

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Forest Survey of India

 ANDHRA PRADESH

Table 10.1.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Andhra Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment % of
Change
Digitized Digitized
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Division
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Bound-
Forest Raster
Area# Forest Forest ary
based*
Area
Anakapalli 4,115.77 0.00 229.31 611.89 841.20 20.44 -8.50 268.22
Anantapur 10,205.40 0.00 23.17 217.97 241.14 2.36 -0.68 543.04
Annamayya 9,072.54 28.48 1,294.69 1,057.85 2,381.02 26.24 -5.17 571.78
Bapatla 3,762.32 0.00 12.42 45.51 57.93 1.54 0.54 29.00
Bhimavaram 2,142.36 0.00 0.33 61.14 61.47 2.87 9.20 0.01
Chintapalli 2,600.31 71.52 1,025.62 451.79 1,548.93 59.57 -16.69 80.04
Chintur 2,082.04 558.51 504.55 74.70 1,137.76 54.65 -24.55 10.89
Chittoor 6,783.63 0.00 471.07 805.36 1,276.43 18.82 -6.36 627.07
DD Giddalur 1,735.20 118.34 601.01 207.77 927.12 53.43 -3.58 107.75
DD Markapur 4,387.00 137.84 832.15 633.10 1,603.09 36.54 -10.16 538.82
DDPT Atmakur 2,833.62 39.57 703.10 234.58 977.25 34.49 -3.13 86.05
Dr.B.R.Ambedkar
2,319.16 0.00 59.35 345.25 404.60 17.45 10.57 0.92
Konasema
East Godavari 2,621.60 0.00 119.04 290.71 409.75 15.63 -6.24 6.42
Eluru 6,789.16 366.70 485.22 826.19 1,678.11 24.72 -6.88 23.68
Guntur 2,508.14 0.00 2.30 34.63 36.93 1.47 -0.67 14.34
Kadapa 10,109.30 10.11 1,459.90 861.28 2,331.29 23.06 -5.40 704.99
Kakinada 7,277.09 552.32 1,840.81 999.29 3,392.42 46.62 -47.10 170.00
Krishna 3,544.01 0.00 5.46 92.82 98.28 2.77 4.29 3.56
Kurnool 7,975.69 0.00 0.93 77.70 78.63 0.99 -2.52 154.30
Nandyal 6,884.90 46.42 797.10 266.14 1,109.66 16.12 -2.84 442.63
NTR 3,292.14 34.93 77.35 250.88 363.16 11.03 -8.96 22.63
Paderu 3,734.94 0.00 507.03 712.36 1,219.39 32.65 -8.20 572.09
Palnadu 6,567.67 0.96 221.77 431.42 654.15 9.96 -5.64 357.40
Parvathipuram
3,591.12 0.00 227.79 770.37 998.16 27.80 -28.06 294.18
Manyam
Prakasam 8,891.98 0.00 369.13 438.76 807.89 9.09 1.30 574.30
SPSR Nellore 10,412.20 21.69 466.06 663.01 1,150.76 11.05 18.17 674.25
Sri Sathya Sai 8,952.92 0.00 186.68 571.24 757.92 8.47 0.74 552.36
Srikakulam 4,463.59 0.00 81.16 504.06 585.22 13.11 6.81 318.41
Tirupati 8,311.63 1.60 816.94 1,138.90 1,957.44 23.55 -17.68 491.56
Visakhapatnam 1,174.60 0.00 112.76 202.49 315.25 26.84 -6.51 5.08
Vizianagaram 3,866.68 0.00 34.69 341.51 376.20 9.73 34.71 77.29
WLM Eluru 268.32 0.00 44.13 38.79 82.92 30.90 5.87 0.07
Area which does not
748.30 6.72 112.73 104.04 223.49 29.87 -5.34 28.49
fall in any Division
Grand Total 1,64,025.33 1,995.71 13,725.75 14,363.50 30,084.96 18.34 -138.66 8,351.62
#As per the division boundary shapefile provided by State Forest Department.
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
4

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Andhra Pradesh

Table 10.1.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Andhra Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
1 Addanki 28.37 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.07 0.25 0.10
2 Adoni 79.70 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.30 0.38 0.88
3 Akivedu 11.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Allagadda 63.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 Allur 94.51 0.00 0.05 0.47 0.52 0.55 0.00
6 Amalapuram 6.99 0.00 0.00 0.55 0.55 7.87 0.00
7 Ammudavalsa 27.26 0.00 0.00 0.39 0.39 1.43 0.30
8 Ananthapur 16.58 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.25 1.51 0.01
9 Atmakur-Kurnool 30.27 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.33 0.00
10 Atmakur-Nellore 58.61 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.36 0.61 2.28
11 B.Kothakota 40.93 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.20 0.00
12 Badvel 51.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.04 1.54
13 Bapatla 110.87 0.00 2.75 9.04 11.79 10.63 1.18
14 Betamcherla 10.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.17
15 Bhimavaram 45.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
16 Bobbili 26.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12
17 Buchireddypalem 35.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.31 0.40
18 Chilakaluripeta 18.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
19 Chimakurthy 29.67 0.00 0.01 0.09 0.10 0.34 0.66
20 Chintalapudi 39.35 0.00 0.23 3.96 4.19 10.65 0.57
21 Chirala 13.74 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 0.66 0.00
22 Chittoor 113.07 0.00 0.02 2.67 2.69 2.38 18.48
23 Dachepalli 53.30 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.14 0.26 0.20
24 Darsi 28.53 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.28 0.70
25 Dharmavaram 44.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06
26 Dhone 9.93 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.20 0.58
27 Eluru 60.96 0.00 0.00 1.89 1.89 3.10 0.00
28 Giddalur 32.41 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.15 0.33
29 Gollaprolu 14.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
30 Gooty 35.32 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.31 0.88 4.43
31 Gudivada 45.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
32 Gudur-kurnool 47.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
33 Gudur-Nellore 98.92 0.00 1.28 4.49 5.77 5.83 3.19
34 Guntakal 39.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
35 Guntur 165.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21
36 Gurajala 43.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
37 GVMC 615.53 0.00 68.59 114.10 182.69 29.68 4.31
38 Hindupur 38.78 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.41
39 Ichhapuram 21.08 0.00 0.00 1.05 1.05 4.98 0.09
40 Jaggaiahpeta 17.54 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 0.51 0.00
41 Jammalamadugu 26.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5

Forest Survey of India

 ANDHRA PRADESH

Table 10.1.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Andhra Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
42 Jangareddigudem 25.07 0.00 0.00 1.84 1.84 7.34 0.00
43 Kadapa 164.14 0.00 32.05 11.15 43.20 26.32 1.58
44 Kadiri 43.44 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.18 0.74
45 Kakinada 31.58 0.00 0.00 3.25 3.25 10.29 0.00
46 Kalyanadurgam 55.85 0.00 0.00 2.28 2.28 4.08 1.55
47 Kamalapuram 21.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20
48 Kandukur 72.49 0.00 0.00 1.11 1.11 1.53 0.75
49 Kanigiri 46.71 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.16 0.34 0.61
50 Kavali 75.52 0.00 1.03 4.89 5.92 7.84 2.45
51 Kondapalli 30.30 0.08 0.00 1.58 1.66 5.48 0.04
52 Kovvur 14.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
53 Kuppam 46.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
54 Kurnool 114.75 0.00 0.00 0.46 0.46 0.40 0.04
55 Macharla 36.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.63
56 Machilipatnam 29.42 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 0.31 0.00
57 Madakasira 35.42 0.00 1.72 3.13 4.85 13.69 2.11
58 Madanapalle 15.22 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.04
59 Mandapeta 21.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
60 Mangalagiri-Tadepa 191.46 0.00 0.00 1.28 1.28 0.67 6.34
61 Markapur 24.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05
62 Mummadivaram 25.80 0.00 0.00 8.72 8.72 33.80 0.00
63 Mydakur 61.80 0.00 0.00 1.38 1.38 2.23 3.35
64 Nagari 27.14 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.15 0.55 1.73
65 Naidupet 17.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04
66 Nandigama 31.06 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.16 0.79
67 Nandikotkur 22.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
68 Nandyal 59.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
69 Narasaraopet 15.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70 Narsapuram 11.81 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.12 1.02 0.00
71 Narsipatnam 32.42 0.00 0.00 0.65 0.65 2.00 0.30
72 Nellimarla 19.84 0.00 0.44 2.48 2.92 14.72 1.84
73 Nellore 145.65 0.00 0.00 0.85 0.85 0.58 0.22
74 Nidadavole 14.09 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.12 0.85 0.00
75 Nuzvid 30.12 0.00 0.00 2.79 2.79 9.26 0.10
76 Ongole 131.18 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.00
77 Palakollu 28.30 0.00 0.00 2.29 2.29 8.09 0.00
78 Palakonda 11.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18
79 Palamaneru 17.58 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.17 0.15
80 Palasa Kasibugga 31.45 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.33 1.05 2.05
81 Parvathipuram 13.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
82 Pedana 12.57 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.16 0.00
6

83 Peddapuram 42.14 0.00 0.00 2.25 2.25 5.34 0.00

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Andhra Pradesh

Table 10.1.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Andhra Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
84 Penukonda 68.35 0.00 0.00 13.96 13.96 20.42 14.32
85 Piduguralla 31.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
86 Pithapuram 19.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
87 Podili 70.36 0.00 0.01 0.10 0.11 0.16 0.96
88 Ponnur 57.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
89 Proddutur 7.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
90 Pullivendula 83.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.67
91 Punganur 24.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
92 Puttaparthi 58.76 0.00 0.34 1.76 2.10 3.57 2.34
93 Puttur 37.13 0.00 0.01 1.69 1.70 4.58 5.06
94 Rajahmundry 79.04 0.00 0.22 3.75 3.97 5.02 0.00
95 Rajam 26.88 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.19 0.71 0.06
96 Rajampet 5.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
97 Ramchandrapuram 14.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
98 Rayachoti 26.97 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.19 0.00
99 Rayadurgam 38.94 0.00 0.05 1.08 1.13 2.90 4.51
100 Repalle 10.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
101 Saluru 20.19 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.35 1.73 0.04
102 Samarlakota 40.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
103 Sattenapalle 22.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
104 Srikakulam 49.71 0.00 0.50 0.29 0.79 1.59 0.00
105 Srikalhasti 58.87 0.00 0.00 6.89 6.89 11.70 7.35
106 Sullurpet 20.77 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.48 0.15
107 Tadepalligudem 55.11 0.00 0.00 2.09 2.09 3.79 0.00
108 Tadipatri 7.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
109 Tanuku 24.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
110 Tenali 16.36 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 0.55 0.00
111 Tirupati 28.33 0.00 0.27 4.59 4.86 17.15 0.30
112 Tiruvuru 27.24 0.00 0.85 0.44 1.29 4.74 0.00
113 Tuni 8.06 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.14 1.74 1.42
114 Venkatagiri 23.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.45
115 Vijayawada 61.15 0.00 0.00 0.41 0.41 0.67 0.67
116 Vinukonda 24.72 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.19 0.77 0.43
117 Vizianagaram 51.28 0.00 0.74 1.75 2.49 4.86 1.04
118 Vuyyuru 11.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
119 Yelamanchili 39.33 0.00 0.00 1.64 1.64 4.17 0.52
120 Yeleswaram 6.10 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 1.48 0.00
121 Yemmiganur 17.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
122 Yerraguntla 13.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
123 YSR Tadigadapa 30.75 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.10 0.00
Grand Total 5,609.30 0.08 111.16 236.06 347.30 6.19 110.37
7

*Shapefile of digitized boundary as provided by Directorate of Town & Country Planning.

Forest Survey of India

 ANDHRA PRADESH

10.1.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below
Table 10.1.6 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Andhra Pradesh
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area (or Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area (or
Green Wash) Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
1,925.32 12,469.70 9,472.74 70.39 1,256.05 4,890.76
23,867.76 6,217.20
8.07% 52.24% 39.69% 1.13% 20.20% 78.67%
*In case of Andhra Pradesh, RFA boundaries have been used.

Figure 10.1.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Andhra Pradesh
Table 10.1.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Andhra
Pradesh between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class NF
VDF MDF OF Scrub RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 1,903.86 5.64 3.51 1.78 10.43 1,925.22
MDF 21.46 12,398.54 58.79 32.05 77.42 12,588.26
OF 0.00 62.14 9,216.42 79.46 79.73 9,437.75
Scrub 0.00 0.36 111.82 4,568.24 34.61 4,715.03
NF 0.00 3.02 82.20 117.86 8,226.12 8,429.20
Total ISFR
2023 inside 1,925.32 12,469.70 9,472.74 4,799.39 8,428.31 37,095.46
RFA/GW
Net Change 0.10 -118.56 34.99 84.36 -0.89
8

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Forest Survey of India
India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Andhra Pradesh

Table 10.1.8 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for

Andhra Pradesh between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class NF
VDF MDF OF Scrub RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 70.12 0.79 0.46 0.20 0.88 72.45
MDF 0.24 1,253.63 26.29 11.53 33.07 1,324.76
OF 0.00 1.28 4,627.17 46.38 200.35 4,875.18
Scrub 0.00 0.07 24.17 3,389.98 90.37 3,504.59
NF 0.03 0.28 212.67 104.14 1,15,733.01 1,16,050.13
Total ISFR
2023 outside 70.39 1,256.05 4,890.76 3,552.23 1,16,057.68 1,25,827.11
RFA/GW
Net Change -2.06 -68.71 15.58 47.64 7.55
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.1.9 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Andhra Pradesh

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 1,35,054.81 1,101.46 8,388.26 10,675.76 20,165.48 6,335.32
500-1000 25,763.86 874.48 4,969.76 3,319.42 9,163.66 1,664.63
1000-2000 2,103.90 19.77 367.73 368.32 755.82 351.67
Total 1,62,922.57 1,995.71 13,725.75 14,363.50 30,084.96 8,351.62
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.1.10 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Andhra

Pradesh
(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 1,31,222.88 510.62 4,094.95 6,874.54 11,480.11 4,343.94
5-10 10,693.95 375.44 2,286.12 1,917.01 4,578.57 1,328.42
10-15 6,736.97 327.02 2,045.11 1,597.66 3,969.79 926.92
15-20 5,498.98 291.96 1,878.89 1,435.10 3,605.95 728.53
20-25 4,284.94 242.79 1,591.90 1,191.12 3,025.81 535.22
25-30 2,717.92 157.46 1,073.67 808.22 2,039.35 315.24
>30 1,766.93 90.42 755.11 539.85 1,385.38 173.35
Total 1,62,922.57 1,995.71 13,725.75 14,363.50 30,084.96 8,351.62
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
9

Forest Survey of India

 ANDHRA PRADESH

Figure 10.1.3 Forest Cover Map of Andhra Pradesh

10

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Andhra Pradesh

10.1.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Andhra Pradesh (as per the Champion & Seth Forest
Classification,1968) based on the Forest Cover Map(FCM),ISFR-2023,is presented in the following
table.

Table 10.1.11 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Andhra

Pradesh
(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 3B/C2 Southern moist mixed deciduous forest 1,733.76 4.47
2 4A/L1 Littoral forest 66.42 0.17
3 4B/TS2 Mangrove forest 418.07 1.08
4 5A/C1b Dry teak forest 546.16 1.41
5 5A/C2 Dry red sanders-bearing forest 1,115.87 2.88
6 5A/C3 Southern dry mixed deciduous forest 15,128.05 39.00
7 5B/C1c Dry peninsular sal forest 0.55 0.00
8 5B/C2 Northern dry mixed deciduous forest 0.69 0.00
9 5/DS1 Dry deciduous scrub 12,551.35 32.36
10 5/DS2 Dry savannah forest 34.61 0.09
11 5/E4 Hardwickia forest 9.04 0.02
12 5/E9 Dry bamboo brake 304.51 0.79
13 5/2S1 Secondary dry deciduous forest 727.89 1.88
14 6A/C1 Southern thorn forest 1,677.28 4.32
15 6A/C2 Carnatic umbrella thorn forest 21.44 0.06
16 6A/DS1 Southern thorn scrub 11.64 0.03
17 6A/DS2 Southern Euphorbia scrub 0.27 0.00
18 7/C1 Tropical dry evergreen forest 426.73 1.10
19 7/DS1 Tropical dry evergreen scrub 17.16 0.04
Sub Total 34,791.49 89.70
20 TOF/Plantation 3,645.09 9.39
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 38,436.58 99.09
Grassland forest type (outside forest cover)
21 5/DS4 Dry grassland 352.08 0.91
Sub Total 352.08 0.91
Grand Total 38,788.66 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown
in the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). Grassland forest type outside forest cover has also been mapped.
The total mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover, scrub and grassland forest types (found in non-forest).
11

Forest Survey of India

 ANDHRA PRADESH

10.1.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) for fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24..

Table 10.1.12 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Alluri Sitharama Raju 3,639 6,399
2 Anakapalli 194 126
3 Ananthapuramu 261 138
4 Annamayya 2,434 1,141
5 Bapatla 6 7
6 Chittoor 782 1,075
7 East Godavari 10 19
8 Eluru 256 834
9 Guntur 2 1
10 Kakinada 91 93
11 Konaseema 0 0
12 Krishna 0 5
13 Kurnool 104 47
14 Nandyal 2,494 1,934
15 NTR 45 18
16 Palnadu 117 159
17 Parvathipuram Manyam 389 653
18 Prakasam 2,958 2,226
19 Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore 449 211
20 Sri Sathya Sai 1,324 704
21 Srikakulam 181 102
22 Tirupati 570 760
23 Visakhapatnam 3 4
24 Vizianagaram 52 44
25 West Godavari 0 0
26 YSR Kadapa 3,006 1,474
Total 19,367 18,174

10.1.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.
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Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Andhra Pradesh

Table 10.1.13 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover

1 Extremely fire prone 1,055.83 2.75

2 Very highly fire prone 5,935.11 15.44
3 Highly fire prone 7,360.94 19.15
4 Moderately fire prone 5,602.78 14.58
5 Less fire prone 18,481.92 48.08
Total 38,436.58 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.

Figure 10.1.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes
10.1.6 Results Derived from NFI for Andhra Pradesh

Table 10.1.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Anogeissus latifolia/ Terminalia anogeissiana 69,108 10.53

2 Xylia xylocarpa 46,383 12.90
3 Chloroxylon swietenia 41,809 3.87
4 Pterocarpus santalinus 32,804 2.61
5 Lannea coromandelica 25,883 4.53
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Forest Survey of India

 ANDHRA PRADESH

Table 10.1.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Mangifera indica 1,16,022 17.110

2 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 1,11,773 1.574
3 Azadirachta indica 43,488 4.865
4 Borassus flabellifer/ Borassus flabelliformis 26,710 9.195
5 Cocos nucifera 25,116 5.019

Table 10.1.16 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Azadirachta indica 1,542 0.461

2 Cocos nucifera 1,207 0.303
3 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 1,082 0.041
4 Psidium guajava 990 0.031
5 Pongamia pinnata/ Pongamia glabra 968 0.209

Table 10.1.17 Major NTFP Species in Andhra Pradesh

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)

1 Anogeissus latifolia/ Terminalia anogeissiana Tree 18,32,218

2 Buchanania Lanzan Tree 2,18,903
3 Syzygium cumini Tree 1,45,318
4 Anacardium occidentale Tree 77,640
5 Hemidesmus indicus Climbers 68,28,083
6 Asparagus species Climbers 3,32,065
7 Gloriosa superba Climbers 41,508
8 Solanum nigrum Herbs 5,00,03,499
9 Andrographis paniculata Herbs 11,13,250
10 Achyranthes aspera Herbs 3,71,083

Table 10.1.18 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA in
Andhra Pradesh
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)

1 Lantana camara 1,055.77

2 Chromolaena odorata 866.67
3 Ageratum conyzoides 261.17
4 Achyranthes aspera 102.87
5 Triumfetta rhomboidea 86.24
14

Forest Survey of India

Photo: FSI Repository
 10.2
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
Geographical Area
83,743 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 26◦28’ N to 29◦30’ N
Longitude 91◦30’ E to 97◦30’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
1.38 million
Urban 0.32 million (22.94 %)
Rural 1.06 million (77.06 %)
Tribal 0.95 million (68.79 %)
Average Population Density
17 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
1.41 million
No. of Districts
25
No. of Hill Districts
25
No. of Tribal Districts
25

Table 10.2.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 8,374
Reporting area for land utilization 7,153.64 100.00
Forests 6,643.10 92.86
Not available for land cultivation 61.98 0.87
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 17.74 0.25
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 33.75 0.47
Culturable wasteland 60.88 0.85
Fallow land other than current fallows 60.65 0.85
Current fallows 32.94 0.46
Net area sown 242.60 3.39
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
16

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Arunachal Pradesh

10.2.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.2.2 Forest Cover of Arunachal Pradesh

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 20,985.32 25.06
MDF 29,615.09 35.36
OF 15,281.16 18.25
Total 65,881.57 78.67
Scrub 1,058.98 1.26

Figure 10.2.1 Forest Cover of Arunachal Pradesh

Table 10.2.3 District-wise Forest Cover in Arunachal Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
AnjawH 6,175.48 1,221.83 2,092.55 923.05 4,237.43 68.62 -8.00 74.65
Changlang H
5,247.74 2,001.01 1,488.32 944.54 4,433.87 84.49 50.16 16.45
Dibang ValleyH 9,706.04 1,127.79 3,405.24 1,922.05 6,455.08 66.51 -7.44 70.68
East KamengH 4,420.73 1,347.87 1,598.42 867.95 3,814.24 86.28 -29.33 75.63
**
East SiangH &
4,857.31 1,212.11 1,942.18 1,034.86 4,189.15 86.24 -1.75 54.48
SiangH
KamleH 1,339.33 415.77 536.95 364.88 1,317.60 98.38 -5.63 1.00
Kra DaadiH 2,394.28 602.37 822.66 241.14 1,666.17 69.59 -4.27 11.71
Kurung Kumey H
4,580.70 1,363.71 1,650.30 534.61 3,548.62 77.47 -21.70 52.18
Lepa RadaH 793.38 262.97 280.83 154.92 698.72 88.07 -10.66 1.91
LohitH 3,179.69 651.54 1,208.44 533.17 2,393.15 75.26 -2.54 18.10
LongdingH 963.82 159.63 247.26 223.19 630.08 65.37 -9.80 28.75
Lower Dibang
3,700.43 568.59 1,403.75 619.00 2,591.34 70.03 12.66 28.96
ValleyH
Lower SiangH 1,937.79 622.49 579.06 517.16 1,718.71 88.69 -9.02 1.71
Lower SubansiriH 1,961.20 778.50 736.78 247.99 1,763.27 89.91 -14.99 5.82
Namsai H
1,160.22 112.64 344.73 282.97 740.34 63.81 7.84 12.52
Pakke KessangH 1,971.76 657.15 817.57 308.63 1,783.35 90.44 -11.46 9.67
Papum PareH 3,451.19 971.56 1,436.02 769.59 3,177.17 92.06 -5.40 5.53
Shi Yomi H
2,992.06 939.23 863.57 428.18 2,230.98 74.56 35.45 42.07
TawangH 2,460.79 328.64 421.98 405.36 1,155.98 46.98 -6.84 263.15
TirapH
1,056.44 421.02 257.92 161.23 840.17 79.53 -37.78 21.85
Upper SiangH 6,702.54 1,607.91 2,520.93 1,279.73 5,408.57 80.69 2.54 127.20
Upper SubansiriH 5,992.05 1,856.39 2,508.89 1,187.40 5,552.68 92.67 16.23 57.18
West KamengH 5,036.98 1,418.12 1,919.89 974.47 4,312.48 85.62 -9.43 77.07
West Siang H
1,661.27 336.48 530.85 355.09 1,222.42 73.58 -20.01 0.71
Grand Total 83,743.22 20,985.32 29,615.09 15,281.16 65,881.57 78.67 -91.17 1,058.98
* Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
** Combined forest cover is provided for East Siang & Siang.
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Forest Survey of India

 ARUNACHAL PRADESH

10.2.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.2.4 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Arunachal Pradesh
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
19,637.05 26,699.94 11,836.97 1,348.27 2,915.15 3,444.19
58,173.96 7,707.61
33.75% 45.90% 20.35% 17.49% 37.82% 44.69%
*In case of Arunachal Pradesh, Green Wash boundaries have been used.

Figure 10.2.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of Green Wash in Arunachal Pradesh
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Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Arunachal Pradesh

Table 10.2.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for

Arunachal Pradesh between 2021 Raster based and 2023
Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 18,811.88 644.64 105.40 0.68 70.41 19,633.01
MDF 687.69 25,540.34 399.37 5.31 234.51 26,867.22
OF 137.48 514.96 10,643.77 47.90 375.47 11,719.58
Scrub 0.00 0.00 67.43 315.45 28.00 410.88
NF 0.00 0.00 621.00 75.64 4,424.67 5,121.31
Total ISFR
2023 inside 19,637.05 26,699.94 11,836.97 444.98 5,133.06 63,752.00
RFA/GW
Net Change 4.04 -167.28 117.39 34.10 11.75
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.2.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW

for Arunachal Pradesh between 2021 Raster based and 2023
Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 1,308.43 30.27 13.43 0.63 20.11 1,372.87
MDF 33.39 2,812.09 41.52 8.14 76.15 2,971.29
OF 6.45 72.79 3,047.17 50.87 231.49 3,408.77
Scrub 0.00 0.00 45.41 458.65 30.52 534.58
NF 0.00 0.00 296.66 95.71 11,311.34 11,703.71
Total ISFR
2023 outside 1,348.27 2,915.15 3,444.19 614.00 11,669.61 19,991.22
RFA/GW
Net Change -24.60 -56.14 35.42 79.42 -34.10
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.2.7 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Arunachal Pradesh

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 10,586.00 1,513.41 2,974.68 2,604.76 7,092.85 104.38
500-1000 10,945.39 3,052.87 4,135.03 2,510.73 9,698.63 42.48
1000-2000 23,601.17 8,003.61 9,686.40 4,149.84 21,839.85 61.69
2000-3000 18,023.58 5,909.68 7,880.78 2,600.41 16,390.87 104.85
3000-4000 13,557.10 2,223.54 4,122.52 2,624.96 8,971.02 340.19
> 4000 7,029.98 282.21 815.68 790.46 1,888.35 405.39
Total 83,743.22 20,985.32 29,615.09 15,281.16 65,881.57 1,058.98
19

(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Forest Survey of India

 ARUNACHAL PRADESH

Table 10.2.8 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in

Arunachal Pradesh
(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 7,415.45 753.85 1,832.36 1,575.49 4,161.70 110.46
5-10 5,576.63 1,408.48 1,905.15 1,034.53 4,348.16 69.35
10-15 8,572.66 2,367.13 3,012.14 1,541.01 6,920.28 103.94
15-20 11,261.99 3,150.70 4,028.99 2,007.33 9,187.02 136.22
20-25 12,496.47 3,442.61 4,528.12 2,226.78 10,197.51 155.41
25-30 12,206.77 3,277.63 4,477.54 2,188.47 9,943.64 153.86
>30 26,213.25 6,584.92 9,830.79 4,707.55 21,123.26 329.74
Total 83,743.22 20,985.32 29,615.09 15,281.16 65,881.57 1,058.98
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Figure 10.2.3 Forest Cover Map of Arunachal Pradesh

20

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Arunachal Pradesh

10.2.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Arunachal Pradesh (as per the Champion & Seth Forest
Classification, 1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following
table.

Table 10.2.9 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Arunachal

Pradesh
(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 1B/C1 Assam Valley tropical wet evergreen forest (Dipterocarpus) 1,453.35 2.03
2 1B/C2a Kayea forest 751.37 1.05
3 1/2S1 Pioneer Euphorbiaceous scrub 238.23 0.33
4 2B/ C1a Assam alluvial plains semi-evergreen forest 4,010.17 5.61
5 2B/C1b Eastern sub-montane semi-evergreen forest 2,430.47 3.40
6 2B/C1/1S1 Sub-Himalayan light alluvial semi-evergreen forest 3,996.57 5.59
7 2B/C1/2S2 Eastern alluvial secondary semi-evergreen forest 3,773.66 5.28
8 2/2S1 Secondary moist bamboo brakes 1,114.03 1.56
9 3C/C3/2S2 Secondary Euphorbiaceous scrub 28.34 0.04
10 3/1S2b Terminalia-Duabanga 911.97 1.28
11 8B/C1 East Himalayan subtropical wet hill forest 15,259.14 21.36
12 8B/C2 Khasi subtropical wet hill forest 1,210.22 1.69
13 9/C2 Assam subtropical pine forest 744.38 1.04
14 11B/C1 East Himalayan wet temperate forest 15,681.90 21.95
15 12/C1f Low-level blue pine forest (P. wallichiana) 243.61 0.33
16 12/C3a East Himalayan mixed coniferous forest 5,165.02 7.23
17 12/DS1 Montane bamboo brakes 138.03 0.19
18 13/C6 East Himalayan dry temperate coniferous forest 663.89 0.93
19 14/C2 East Himalayan sub-alpine birch/fir forest 7,576.68 10.61
20 15/C1 Birch/Rhododendron scrub forest 494.39 0.70
21 16/C1 Dry alpine scrub 491.22 0.69
Sub Total 66,376.64 92.89
22 TOF/ Plantation 563.91 0.79
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 66,940.55 93.68
Grassland forest type (outside forest cover)
23 9/C2/DS1 Assam subtropical pine savannah 17.48 0.03
24 12/DS3 Himalayan temperate pastures 256.30 0.36
25 15/C3 Alpine pastures 4,231.29 5.93
Sub Total 4,505.07 6.32
Grand Total 71,445.62 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). Grassland forest types outside forest cover have also been mapped. The total
mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover, scrub and grassland forest types (found in non-forest).
21

Forest Survey of India

 ARUNACHAL PRADESH

10.2.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.2.10 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Anjaw 107 57
2 Changlang 426 290
3 Dibang Valley 79 137
4 East Kameng 90 42
5 East Siang 86 84
6 Kamle 13 16
7 Kra Daadi 17 12
8 Kurung Kumey 5 10
9 Lepa Rada 41 22
10 Lohit 153 130
11 Longding 250 132
12 Lower Dibang Valley 76 94
13 Lower Siang 29 32
14 Lower Subansiri 90 83
15 Namsai 211 120
16 Pakke Kessang 48 54
17 Papum Pare 141 116
18 Shi Yomi 16 6
19 Siang 23 19
20 Tawang 20 42
21 Tirap 88 105
22 Upper Siang 16 24
23 Upper Subansiri 27 32
24 West Kameng 317 337
25 West Siang 78 57
Total 2,447 2,053
22

Forest Survey of India

 India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Arunachal Pradesh

10.2.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.2.11 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover

1 Extremely fire prone 26.52 0.04

2 Very highly fire prone 122.04 0.18
3 Highly fire prone 1,074.78 1.61
4 Moderately fire prone 3,007.80 4.49
5 Less fire prone 62,709.41 93.68
Total 66,940.55 100.00
* Forest Cover including Scrub.

Figure 10.2.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different fire Prone Classes
23

Forest Survey of India

 ARUNACHAL PRADESH
10.2.6 Results Derived from NFI for Arunachal Pradesh
Table 10.2.12 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Castanopsis species 81,536 51.34

2 Macaranga species 53,663 10.45
3 Ficus species 35,333 11.14
4 Quercus species 34,432 20.41
5 Castanopsis indica 26,233 8.94

Table 10.2.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Castanopsis species 40,446 5.936

2 Macaranga species 24,790 1.602
3 Pinus wallichiana/ Pinus excelsa 19,831 11.563
4 Citrus species 18,884 0.667
5 Areca catechu 15,557 0.334

Table 10.2.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Areca catechu 3 0.0001

2 Mangifera indica 3 0.001
3 Gmelina arborea 2 0.001
4 Psidium guajava 2 0.0001
Artocarpus heterophyllus/ Artocarpus
5 2 0.001
integrifolia

Table 10.2.15 Major NTFP Species in Arunachal Pradesh

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)

1 Cinnamomum tamala Tree 2,61,323

2 Oroxylum indicum Tree 1,37,649
3 Aquilaria malaccensis/Aquilaria agallocha Tree 26,261
4 Azadirachta indica Tree 22,566
5 Clerodendrum colebrookeanum Shrubs 43,73,959
6 Berberis aristata Shrubs 4,68,638
Piper species/ Piper longum/ Piper mullesua/
7 Climbers 1,27,66,618
Piper peepuloides
8 Rubia cordifolia Climbers 1,13,380
9 Acorus calamus Herbs 3,27,30,490
24

10 Swertia chirayita/ Swertia chirata Herbs 2,59,58,665

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Arunachal Pradesh

Table 10.2.16 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA in
Arunachal Pradesh
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)

1 Chromolaena odorata 2,988.72

2 Mikania micrantha 2,418.45
3 Lantana camara 532.81
4 Imperata cylindrica 437.07
5 Ageratum conyzoides 378.79

25

Photo: FSI Repository

Forest Survey of India
 10.3
ASSAM
ASSAM
Geographical Area
78,438 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 24◦07’ N to 28◦00’ N
Longitude 89◦42’ E to 96◦02’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
31.21 million
Urban 4.40 million (14.10 %)
Rural 26.81 million (85.90 %)
Tribal 3.88 million (12.45 %)
Average Population Density
398 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
19.08 million
No. of Districts
33
No. of Hill Districts
5
No. of Tribal Districts
19

Table 10.3.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 7,844
Reporting area for land utilization 7,831.03 100.00
Forests 1,828.94 23.36
Not available for land cultivation 2,507.17 32.01
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 173.85 2.22
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 212.41 2.71
Culturable wasteland 149.79 1.91
Fallow land other than current fallows 95.66 1.22
Current fallows 114.09 1.46
Net area sown 2,749.12 35.11
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
26

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Assam

10.3.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.3.2 Forest Cover of Assam

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 3,189.71 4.07
MDF 9,764.54 12.45
OF 15,359.30 19.58
Total 28,313.55 36.10
Scrub 240.93 0.31

Figure 10.3.1 Forest Cover of Assam

Table 10.3.3 District-wise Forest Cover in Assam

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Baksa 2,444 165.45 135.35 285.71 586.51 24.00 7.43 8.09
Barpeta 2,282 0.00 34.18 85.40 119.58 5.24 -0.77 0.70
Biswanath 2,224 26.24 52.40 279.68 358.32 16.11 5.21 9.92
Bongaigaon 1,140 0.00 58.36 178.32 236.68 20.76 -1.47 1.15
Cachar 3,780 191.71 960.90 1,031.90 2,184.51 57.79 -16.77 12.00
Charaideo 1,015 8.97 84.77 266.97 360.71 35.54 0.47 4.43
Chirang 1,911 361.20 126.69 219.47 707.36 37.02 -14.38 7.81
Darrang 1,586 0.00 14.43 99.48 113.91 7.18 2.61 2.28
Dhemaji 2,513 53.67 88.36 152.00 294.03 11.70 15.36 6.83
Dhubri 1,632 1.45 14.73 72.31 88.49 5.42 1.94 3.40
Dibrugarh 3,397 106.03 68.70 591.86 766.59 22.57 0.64 11.30
Dima HasaoH 4,880 295.97 1,404.33 2,334.61 4,034.91 82.68 -93.27 9.66
Goalpara 1,913 14.80 144.88 275.18 434.86 22.73 11.60 1.94
Golaghat 3,215 23.39 117.97 519.34 660.70 20.55 36.06 12.81
Hailakandi 1,328 17.25 364.08 391.85 773.18 58.22 -16.60 0.88
HojaiH 1,460 24.32 230.59 193.78 448.69 30.73 0.52 2.67
Jorhat 1,865 13.36 110.27 474.90 598.53 32.09 18.79 11.75
Kamrup 3,127 50.83 446.14 485.80 982.77 31.43 6.30 5.20
Kamrup
971 0.00 229.98 241.05 471.03 48.51 -2.11 1.21
Metropolitan
Karbi AnglongH 7,319 524.86 2,932.74 2,167.02 5,624.62 76.85 22.88 42.74
Karimganj 1,813 3.33 292.83 544.79 840.95 46.38 -2.70 1.33
Kokrajhar 3,111 545.76 206.96 389.97 1,142.69 36.73 -3.16 5.00
Lakhimpur 2,926 40.44 116.05 269.56 426.05 14.56 11.05 2.49
Majuli 1,278 0.00 3.84 30.92 34.76 2.72 4.24 1.29
Morigaon 1,512 16.03 54.21 125.46 195.70 12.94 3.25 1.76
NagaonH 2,569 36.16 129.61 320.66 486.43 18.93 -0.02 7.49
Nalbari 1,052 0.00 31.05 82.69 113.74 10.81 0.08 0.02
27

Forest Survey of India

 ASSAM
Table 10.3.3 District-wise Forest Cover in Assam
(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
Calculated w.r.t.
Very Mod. culated
District Area by Open 2021 Scrub
Dense Dense Total Area by
SoI Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Sivasagar 1,628 0.00 61.65 276.55 338.20 20.77 3.90 4.22
Sonitpur 3,018 83.70 201.21 435.19 720.10 23.86 -2.02 9.77
South Salmara-
605 0.00 6.65 17.49 24.14 3.99 -1.94 0.07
Mankachar
Tinsukia 3,840 405.45 341.23 832.08 1,578.76 41.11 3.65 21.52
Udalguri 2,013 7.47 78.69 325.69 411.85 20.46 -3.33 5.85
West Karbi
3,071 171.87 620.71 1,361.62 2,154.20 70.15 -9.20 23.35
AnglongH
Grand Total 78,438 3,189.71 9,764.54 15,359.30 28,313.55 36.10 -11.76 240.93
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.3.4 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Assam

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
1 Abhayapuri 5.28 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.98 18.56 0.00
2 Amguri 1.93 0.00 0.02 0.14 0.16 8.29 0.00
3 Badarpur 4.04 0.00 0.00 1.34 1.34 33.17 0.00
4 Baithalangso 25.77 1.56 1.18 5.94 8.68 33.68 2.04
5 Bakalia 16.04 0.00 0.06 1.28 1.34 8.35 0.00
6 Barpathar 3.32 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.25 7.53 0.00
7 Barpeta Road 4.09 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.12 2.93 0.00
8 Barpeta Town 23.15 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.93 4.02 0.00
9 Basugaon 3.90 0.00 0.05 0.54 0.59 15.13 0.00
10 Bihpuria 5.44 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.37 6.80 0.00
11 Bijni 2.94 0.00 0.02 0.27 0.29 9.86 0.00
12 Bilasipara 3.03 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 2.97 0.00
13 Biswanath Chariali 57.68 0.00 0.56 9.97 10.53 18.26 0.11
14 Bokajan 9.72 0.00 0.00 0.65 0.65 6.69 0.00
15 Bokakhat 30.41 0.00 0.03 6.53 6.56 21.57 0.20
16 Bongaigaon 11.89 0.00 0.59 1.25 1.84 15.48 0.00
17 Chabua 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 2.17 0.00
18 Chapor 10.21 0.14 0.66 0.11 0.91 8.91 0.00
19 Chopakhowa 5.30 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 2.08 0.17
20 Demow 4.67 0.00 0.00 0.51 0.51 10.92 0.00
21 Dergaon 1.43 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.32 22.38 0.00
22 Dhakuakhana 5.18 0.00 0.00 0.67 0.67 12.93 0.00
23 Dhekiajuli 4.23 0.00 0.02 0.40 0.42 9.93 0.00
24 Dhemaji 18.81 0.00 0.13 1.71 1.84 9.78 0.00
28

25 Dhing 10.77 0.00 0.00 2.53 2.53 23.49 0.00

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Assam

Table 10.3.4 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Assam

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
26 Dhubri 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
27 Dibrugarh 13.96 0.00 0.01 0.80 0.81 5.80 0.00
28 Digboi 4.46 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.07 1.57 0.00
29 Diphu 9.61 0.00 0.01 0.86 0.87 9.05 0.00
30 Doboka 2.79 0.00 0.00 0.68 0.68 24.37 0.00
31 Dokmoka 22.43 0.00 0.03 2.03 2.06 9.18 0.00
32 Donkamokam 10.76 0.00 0.47 2.59 3.06 28.44 0.00
33 Doomdooma 2.22 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.15 6.76 0.00
34 Fakiragram 8.26 0.00 0.29 0.38 0.67 8.11 0.00
35 Gauripur Town 123.50 0.00 0.22 3.75 3.97 3.21 0.00
36 Goalpara MP 83.65 2.59 5.45 17.30 25.34 30.29 0.00
37 Gohpur 14.82 0.00 0.10 1.22 1.32 8.91 0.00
38 Golaghat 7.14 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.56 7.84 0.00
39 Golakganj 5.00 0.00 0.01 0.32 0.33 6.60 0.00
40 Goreswar 6.99 0.00 0.17 0.49 0.66 9.44 0.00
41 Gossaigaon 21.83 0.00 0.30 0.82 1.12 5.13 0.00
42 Guwahati 176.22 0.00 12.40 17.01 29.41 16.69 0.36
43 Haflong 16.96 0.00 2.05 3.24 5.29 31.19 0.01
44 Hailakandi 7.17 0.00 0.00 1.08 1.08 15.06 0.00
45 Hamren1 1.57 0.00 0.00 0.49 0.49 31.21 0.00
46 Hamren3 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 10.34 0.00
47 Hamren4 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.07 28.00 0.00
48 Hamren5 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.24 63.16 0.00
49 Hamren6 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 4.44 0.00
50 Hojai 4.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
51 Howly 5.41 0.00 0.27 0.39 0.66 12.20 0.00
52 Howraghat 2.37 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.23 9.70 0.00
53 Jamugurighat 8.39 0.00 0.41 0.95 1.36 16.21 0.00
54 Jorhat 9.69 0.00 0.01 0.15 0.16 1.65 0.00
55 Kajalgaon1 4.59 0.00 0.00 0.63 0.63 13.73 0.00
56 Kajalgaon2 1.71 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.16 9.36 0.00
57 Kajalgaon3 1.60 0.00 0.27 0.05 0.32 20.00 0.00
58 Kajalgaon4 6.37 0.00 0.19 0.87 1.06 16.64 0.00
59 Kampur 6.10 0.00 0.09 0.67 0.76 12.46 0.00
60 Karimganj 6.11 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.29 4.75 0.00
61 Kokrajhar 6.29 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.20 3.18 0.00
62 Lakhipur 5.24 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.14 2.67 0.00
63 Lakhipur2 4.05 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.21 5.19 0.00
64 Lala 2.93 0.00 0.13 0.78 0.91 31.06 0.00
65 Langhin 8.78 0.00 0.00 0.86 0.86 9.79 0.00
66 Lanka 10.26 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.27 2.63 0.00
29

67 Lumding 4.58 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.23 5.02 0.00

Forest Survey of India

 ASSAM

Table 10.3.4 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Assam

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
68 Mahur 2.13 0.00 0.30 0.37 0.67 31.46 0.00
69 Maibang 8.25 0.00 0.85 1.23 2.08 25.21 0.00
70 Makum 3.04 0.00 0.08 0.10 0.18 5.92 0.00
71 Mangaldoi 5.30 0.00 0.00 0.41 0.41 7.74 0.00
72 Margherita 18.49 0.00 0.09 3.72 3.81 20.61 0.00
73 Mariani 3.35 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 14.93 0.06
74 Moran 1.57 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 5.73 0.00
75 Morigaon 6.66 0.00 0.00 0.51 0.51 7.66 0.00
76 Nagaon 12.56 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.27 2.15 0.00
77 Naharkatiya 28.51 0.00 0.13 9.07 9.20 32.27 0.64
78 Nalbari 13.54 0.00 0.04 0.88 0.92 6.79 0.00
79. Namrup 31.57 0.00 0.00 8.34 8.34 26.42 0.03
80 Narayanpur 7.82 0.00 0.00 0.63 0.63 8.06 0.00
81 Nazira 2.78 0.00 0.02 0.12 0.14 5.04 0.00
82 North Lakhimpur 14.46 0.00 0.29 0.89 1.18 8.16 0.00
83 Palashbari Town 1.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
84 Patarkuchi 2.31 0.00 0.09 0.48 0.57 24.68 0.00
85 Pathchala 10.57 0.00 0.30 0.62 0.92 8.70 0.00
86 Raha 5.04 0.00 0.00 1.05 1.05 20.83 0.00
87 Ramkrishna Nagar 45.62 0.00 0.33 13.93 14.26 31.26 0.00
88 Rangia Town 8.28 0.00 0.02 0.31 0.33 3.99 0.00
89 Sarthebari 2.99 0.00 0.13 0.52 0.65 21.74 0.00
90 Sarupathar 9.88 0.00 0.04 1.64 1.68 17.00 0.00
91 Silapthar 10.58 0.00 0.13 1.20 1.33 12.57 0.00
92 Silchar 14.48 0.00 0.00 0.46 0.46 3.18 0.00
93 Simaluguri 3.40 0.00 0.20 0.13 0.33 9.71 0.00
94 Sipajhar 8.18 0.00 0.00 1.18 1.18 14.43 0.00
95 Sivsagar 7.41 0.00 0.05 0.04 0.09 1.21 0.00
96 Sonai 10.34 0.00 0.43 1.58 2.01 19.44 0.00
97 Sonari 22.25 0.00 0.22 8.97 9.19 41.30 0.12
98 Sootea 10.67 0.00 0.14 1.62 1.76 16.49 0.00
99 Sorbhog 3.28 0.00 0.00 1.04 1.04 31.71 0.00
100 Tangla 3.19 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.26 8.15 0.00
101 Teok 6.92 0.00 0.18 1.17 1.35 19.51 0.03
102 Tezpur 140.30 0.66 2.22 12.33 15.21 10.84 0.00
103 Tihu 7.38 0.00 0.37 0.74 1.11 15.04 0.00
104 Tinsukia 11.08 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 0.81 0.00
105 Titabar 10.42 0.00 0.40 1.00 1.40 13.44 0.00
106 Udalguri 35.06 0.00 0.44 3.82 4.26 12.15 0.00
107 Umrangshu 12.71 0.00 0.00 5.56 5.56 43.75 0.15
Grand Total 1,475.02 4.95 33.73 185.14 223.82 15.17 3.92
30

*Shapefile of digitized boundary as provided by Department of Housing & Urban Affairs.

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Assam

10.3.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.3.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Assam
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
2,833.31 8,333.78 8,529.64 356.40 1,430.76 6,829.66
19,696.73 8,616.82
14.38% 42.31% 43.31% 4.14% 16.60% 79.26%
*In case of Assam, GW boundaries have been used.

Figure 10.3.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of GW in Assam

31

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 ASSAM

Table 10.3.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Assam
between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 2,745.46 14.06 1.58 0.09 28.49 2,789.68
MDF 86.21 8,251.43 12.87 1.74 115.85 8,468.10
OF 0.83 53.89 8,175.69 13.59 281.61 8,525.61
Scrub 0.11 0.16 47.22 63.22 10.25 120.96
NF 0.70 14.24 292.28 23.91 7,310.02 7,641.15
Total ISFR
2023 inside 2,833.31 8,333.78 8,529.64 102.55 7,746.22 27,545.50
RFA/GW
Net Change 43.63 -134.32 4.03 -18.41 105.07
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.3.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Assam
between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 354.37 0.57 0.00 0.00 2.21 357.15
MDF 1.56 1,409.16 7.73 0.11 12.73 1,431.29
OF 0.11 17.42 6,599.16 10.23 126.56 6,753.48
Scrub 0.00 0.02 14.07 88.59 12.23 114.91
NF 0.36 3.59 208.70 39.45 41,983.57 42,235.67
Total ISFR
2023 outside 356.40 1,430.76 6,829.66 138.38 42,137.30 50,892.50
RFA/GW
Net Change -0.75 -0.53 76.18 23.47 -98.37
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.3.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Assam

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 72,348 2,476.80 7,617.87 12,891.33 22,986.00 200.61
500-1000 5,315 523.42 1,905.44 2,205.92 4,634.78 37.24
1000-2000 775 189.49 241.23 262.05 692.77 3.08
Total 78,438 3,189.71 9,764.54 15,359.30 28,313.55 240.93
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
32

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Assam

Table 10.3.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Assam

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 61,901 1,822.49 3,750.68 8,944.72 14,517.89 179.01
5-10 6,929 428.75 2,220.90 2,448.12 5,097.77 28.24
10-15 4,156 290.04 1,610.51 1,728.53 3,629.08 16.39
15-20 2,643 235.20 1,059.73 1,121.95 2,416.88 9.67
20-25 1,511 176.82 609.15 629.02 1,414.99 4.80
25-30 759 116.33 302.55 301.20 720.08 1.96
>30 539 120.08 211.02 185.76 516.86 0.86
Total 78,438 3,189.71 9,764.54 15,359.30 28,313.55 240.93
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Figure 10.3.3 Forest Cover Map of Assam

33

Forest Survey of India

 ASSAM

10.3.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Assam (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification,
1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.3.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Assam

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 1B/C1 Assam Valley tropical wet evergreen forest (Dipterocarpus) 1,008.38 3.52
2 1B/C2a Kayea forest 210.11 0.73
3 1B/C2b Mesua forest 5.57 0.02
4 1B/C3 Cachar tropical evergreen forest 893.32 3.11
5 2B/C1a Assam alluvial plains semi-evergreen forest 444.74 1.55
6 2B/C1/1S1 Sub-Himalayan light alluvial semi-evergreen forest 364.48 1.27
7 2B/C1/1S2 Syzygium parkland 17.79 0.06
8 2B/C1/2S1 Pioneer Euphorbiaceous scrub 83.47 0.29
9 2B/C1/2S2 Eastern alluvial secondary semi-evergreen forest 344.83 1.20
10 2B/C2 Cachar semi-evergreen forest 10,389.59 36.20
11 2/2S1 Secondary moist bamboo brakes 832.53 2.90
12 3C/C1a(ii) Khasi hill sal 41.18 0.15
13 3C/C1b(i) East Himalayan upper bhabar sal 632.77 2.21
14 3C/C2d (iv) App. Kamrup sal 771.94 2.69
15 3C/C3b East Himalayan moist mixed deciduous forest 5,106.98 17.80
16 3C/C3/2S1 Northern Secondary moist mixed deciduous forest 508.50 1.77
17 3C/1S1 Low alluvial savannah woodland (Salmalia-Albizia) 12.84 0.04
18 3/1S2(a) Terminalia-Lagerstroemia 2.84 0.01
19 4C/FS3 Creeper swamp forest 0.06 0.00
20 4D/SS1 Eastern seasonal swamp forest 0.83 0.00
21 5/1S2 Khair-sissu forest 23.20 0.08
22 8B/DS1 Assam subtropical hill savannah woodland 9.13 0.03
23 9/C2 Assam subtropical pine forest 131.95 0.46
Sub Total 21,837.03 76.09
24 TOF/ Plantation 6,717.45 23.41
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 28,554.48 99.50
Grassland forest types (outside forest cover)
25 4D/2S1 Syzygium parkland 0.63 0.00
26 4D/2S2 Eastern wet alluvial grassland 144.36 0.50
Sub Total 144.99 0.50
Grand Total 28,699.47 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). Grassland forest types outside forest cover have also been mapped. The total
mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover, scrub and grassland forest types (found in non-forest).
34

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Assam

10.3.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires). during the fire season 2022-23 and 2023-24.

Table 10.3.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Baksa 131 252
2 Barpeta 0 0
3 Biswanath 38 32
4 Bongaigaon 4 15
5 Cachar 449 198
6 Charaideo 23 15
7 Chirang 227 376
8 Darrang 47 60
9 Dhemaji 1 2
10 Dhubri 4 3
11 Dibrugarh 48 38
12 Dima Hasao 2,315 1,843
13 Goalpara 36 43
14 Golaghat 144 143
15 Hailakandi 458 159
16 Hojai 38 43
17 Jorhat 43 53
18 Kamrup 381 316
19 Kamrup Metropolitan 126 95
20 Karbi Anglong 2,844 1,479
21 Karimganj 124 77
22 Kokrajhar 101 275
23 Lakhimpur 9 19
24 Majuli 0 0
25 Morigaon 8 36
26 Nagaon 33 51
27 Nalbari 0 0
28 Sivasagar 26 67
29 Sonitpur 41 25
30 South Salmara-Mankachar 0 0
31 Tinsukia 130 125
32 Udalguri 31 33
33 West Karbi Anglong 1,970 1,766
Total 9,830 7,639
35

Forest Survey of India

 ASSAM

10.3.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.3.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover

1 Extremely fire prone 400.95 1.40

2 Very highly fire prone 3,352.77 11.74
3 Highly fire prone 4,798.75 16.81
4 Moderately fire prone 3,521.25 12.33
5 Less fire prone 16,480.76 57.72
Total 28,554.48 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.

Figure 10.3.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

10.3.6 Results Derived from NFI for Assam

Table 10.3.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 species in
RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Shorea robusta 34,562 6.54

2 Schima wallichii 17,053 3.25
3 Tectona grandis 16,720 5.87
4 Lannea coromandelica 12,034 3.81
5 Albizia species 10,083 2.83
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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Assam

Table 10.3.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Areca catechu 59,812 1.039

2 Tectona grandis 7,538 1.029
3 Gmelina arborea 6,417 1.533
4 Mangifera indica 5,081 1.178
5 Albizia species 4,390 1.708

Table 10.3.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Areca catechu 3,699 0.07

2 Cocos nucifera 698 0.177
3 Mangifera indica 672 0.198
4 Tectona grandis 319 0.063
Artocarpus heterophyllus/ Artocarpus
5 261 0.082
integrifolia

Table 10.3.16 Major NTFP Species in Assam

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)

1 Shorea robusta Tree 15,83,818

2 Bombax species/ Bombax ceiba Tree 1,52,808
3 Terminalia bellirica Tree 91,932
4 Azadirachta indica Tree 26,227
5 Thysanolaena latifolia/ Thysanolaena maxima Shrubs 1,26,81,682
6 Calamus guruba Shrubs 7,99,746
Piper species/ Piper longum/ Piper mullesua/
7 Climbers 52,55,472
Piper pee-puloides
8 Smilax china Climbers 21,93,588
9 Curcuma caesia Herbs 11,45,62,710
10 Imperata cylindrica Herbs 95,05,203

Table 10.3.17 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside The RFA in
Assam
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)

1 Chromolaena odorata 1,925.29

2 Mikania micrantha 1,082.16
3 Lantana camara 605.30
4 Imperata cylindrica 96.32
5 Saccharum spontaneum 85.62
37

Forest Survey of India

 10.4
BIHAR
BIHAR
Geographical Area
94,163 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 24◦16’ N to 27◦45’ N
Longitude 83◦16’ E to 88◦30’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
104.10 million
Urban 11.76 million (11.29 %)
Rural 92.34 million (88.71 %)
Tribal 1.34 million (1.28 %)
Average Population Density
1,106 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
32.93 million
No. of Districts
38
No. of Hill Districts
0
No. of Tribal Districts
0

Table 10.4.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 9,416
Reporting area for land utilization 9,359.57 100.00
Forests 621.63 6.64
Not available for land cultivation 2,181.11 23.30
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 14.91 0.16
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 250.98 2.68
Culturable wasteland 43.58 0.47
Fallow land other than current fallows 174.01 1.86
Current fallows 1,002.96 10.72
Net area sown 5,070.39 54.17
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Bihar

10.4.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.4.2 Forest Cover of Bihar

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 387.00 0.41
MDF 3,284.21 3.49
OF 3,861.24 4.10
Total 7,532.45 8.00
Scrub 260.80 0.28

Figure 10.4.1 Forest Cover of Bihar

Table 10.4.3 District-wise Forest Cover in Bihar

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Araria 2,830 0.00 7.87 138.77 146.64 5.18 -1.64 0.40
Arwal 638 0.00 1.44 2.58 4.02 0.63 0.00 0.00
Aurangabad 3,305 0.00 65.56 92.22 157.78 4.77 3.97 14.01
Banka 3,020 0.09 100.62 194.81 295.52 9.79 19.16 32.45
Begusarai 1,918 0.00 28.03 51.47 79.50 4.14 -5.31 0.00
Bhagalpur 2,569 0.00 64.53 38.78 103.31 4.02 33.82 0.00
Bhojpur 2,395 0.00 19.23 12.34 31.57 1.32 -0.98 0.53
Buxar 1,703 0.00 3.04 2.97 6.01 0.35 -0.11 0.00
Darbhanga 2,279 0.00 44.17 100.06 144.23 6.33 6.69 0.00
East Champaran 3,968 0.00 66.48 120.94 187.42 4.72 19.44 0.00
Gaya 4,976 0.00 134.25 488.24 622.49 12.51 10.76 63.08
Gopalganj 2,033 0.00 4.68 6.62 11.30 0.56 2.64 0.00
Jamui 3,098 27.78 352.66 290.40 670.84 21.65 5.24 14.79
Jehanabad 931 0.00 0.06 6.04 6.10 0.66 1.30 3.07
Kaimur (Bhabua) 3,362 0.00 526.00 499.68 1,025.68 30.51 -35.35 38.50
Katihar 3,057 0.00 6.50 58.89 65.39 2.14 3.63 0.00
Khagaria 1,486 0.00 2.81 14.81 17.62 1.19 -0.50 0.00
Kishanganj 1,884 0.00 12.28 82.99 95.27 5.06 -7.56 0.00
Lakhisarai 1,228 16.16 126.61 26.77 169.54 13.81 1.38 4.18
Madhepura 1,788 0.00 1.38 58.63 60.01 3.36 6.17 0.00
Madhubani 3,501 0.00 42.19 189.99 232.18 6.63 25.71 0.00
Munger 1,419 39.19 240.65 26.17 306.01 21.57 3.30 9.04
Muzaffarpur 3,172 0.00 53.48 122.28 175.76 5.54 6.31 0.00
Nalanda 2,355 0.00 10.37 34.44 44.81 1.90 5.41 5.59
Nawada 2,494 0.00 199.53 306.77 506.30 20.30 -9.76 21.47
Patna 3,202 0.00 19.90 8.47 28.37 0.89 0.00 0.09
Purnia 3,229 0.00 5.34 55.34 60.68 1.88 5.09 0.00
Rohtas 3,851 0.00 350.25 317.81 668.06 17.35 1.66 43.42
39

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 BIHAR

Table 10.4.3 District-wise Forest Cover in Bihar

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
Calculated w.r.t.
Very Mod. culated
District Area by Open 2021 Scrub
Dense Dense Total Area by
SoI Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Saharsa 1,687 0.00 3.98 31.85 35.83 2.12 2.86 0.00
Samastipur 2,904 0.00 101.81 47.43 149.24 5.14 -4.00 0.00
Saran 2,641 0.00 25.53 37.26 62.79 2.38 3.40 0.00
Sheikhpura 689 0.00 0.64 0.18 0.82 0.12 0.00 0.00
Sheohar 349 0.00 2.21 28.22 30.43 8.72 3.84 0.00
Sitamarhi 2,294 0.00 37.81 114.09 151.90 6.62 12.99 0.00
Siwan 2,219 0.00 2.51 6.90 9.41 0.42 2.00 0.00
Supaul 2,425 0.00 4.26 138.20 142.46 5.87 6.19 0.00
Vaishali 2,036 0.00 88.30 30.63 118.93 5.84 0.05 0.00
West Champaran 5,228 303.78 527.25 77.20 908.23 17.37 1.39 10.18
Grand Total 94,163 387.00 3,284.21 3,861.24 7,532.45 8.00 129.19 260.80
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.4.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Bihar

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
Change
Digitized of
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Digitized
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Division
Forest Raster
Area# Forest Forest Boundary
based*
Area
Araria 4,779.62 0.00 19.15 221.04 240.19 5.03 -9.06 0.86
Aurangabad 3,947.40 0.00 66.91 95.04 161.95 4.10 3.95 12.89
Banka 3,026.70 0.09 100.59 195.82 296.50 9.80 18.90 26.51
Begusarai 3,411.95 0.00 30.66 65.96 96.62 2.83 -5.78 0.00
Bettiah 4,217.80 4.35 62.49 38.92 105.76 2.51 -1.07 2.36
Bhagalpur 2,551.31 0.00 66.75 39.75 106.50 4.17 33.45 0.00
Bhojpur 4,119.28 0.00 22.25 15.34 37.59 0.91 -1.09 0.46
Gaya 5,903.12 0.00 128.69 486.89 615.58 10.43 11.62 63.90
Gopalganj 4,292.59 0.00 7.16 13.37 20.53 0.48 4.55 0.00
Jamui 3,290.58 0.00 214.93 260.79 475.72 14.46 3.62 14.17
Kaimur (Bhabua) 3,353.17 0.00 518.10 493.55 1,011.65 30.17 -33.96 40.31
Mithila 6,016.19 0.00 88.01 298.94 386.95 6.43 31.70 0.00
Motihari 3,970.77 0.00 66.17 121.74 187.91 4.73 19.43 0.00
Munger 3,098.74 83.13 504.01 80.46 667.60 21.54 6.27 12.59
Nalanda 2,365.50 0.00 10.43 34.31 44.74 1.89 5.41 5.46
Nawada 2,484.75 0.00 189.72 300.42 490.14 19.73 -9.44 21.82
Patna 3,217.18 0.00 19.91 8.50 28.41 0.88 0.00 1.34
Purnia 6,267.56 0.00 11.78 112.21 123.99 1.98 8.72 0.00
Rohtas 3,848.97 0.00 355.18 318.03 673.21 17.49 1.66 41.91
Saharsa 3,464.26 0.00 5.34 90.16 95.50 2.76 8.95 0.00
Samastipur 2,681.62 0.00 102.15 47.77 149.92 5.59 -3.94 0.00
Saran 2,681.43 0.00 25.39 37.50 62.89 2.35 3.49 0.00
Sitamarhi 2,623.24 0.00 40.28 143.35 183.63 7.00 16.92 0.00
40

Supaul 2,417.75 0.00 4.29 138.30 142.59 5.90 6.21 0.00

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Bihar

Table 10.4.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Bihar

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
Change
Digitized of
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Digitized
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Division
Forest Raster
Area# Forest Forest Boundary
based*
Area
Tirhut 3,177.05 0.00 53.26 122.62 175.88 5.54 6.25 0.00
Vaishali 1,989.48 0.00 88.09 30.45 118.54 5.96 0.04 0.00
VTR Ramnagar
435.48 115.82 240.71 15.89 372.42 85.52 2.04 0.00
(VTP-1)
VTR Valmikinagar
589.44 182.86 219.20 22.98 425.04 72.11 0.35 7.24
(VTP-2)
Area which does
not fall in any 368.41 0.75 22.61 11.14 34.50 9.36 0.00 8.98
Division
Grand Total 94,591.34 387.00 3,284.21 3,861.24 7,532.45 7.96 129.19 260.80
#As per the division boundary shape file provided by State Forest Department.
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

41

Photo: FSI Repository

Forest Survey of India
 BIHAR

10.4.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.4.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Bihar
( km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
375.79 2,445.25 2,044.70 11.21 838.96 1,816.54
4,865.74 2,666.71
7.72% 50.26% 42.02% 0.42% 31.46% 68.12%
*In case of Bihar, RFA boundaries have been used.

Figure 10.4.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Bihar

42

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Bihar

Table 10.4.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for

Bihar between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 305.55 12.86 0.40 0.00 0.51 319.32
MDF 69.24 2,386.65 9.06 4.61 7.72 2,477.28
OF 0.60 39.15 1,941.17 31.51 34.37 2,046.80
Scrub 0.00 0.92 37.65 163.74 9.18 211.49
NF 0.40 5.67 56.42 14.99 1,245.69 1,323.17
Total ISFR
2023 inside 375.79 2,445.25 2,044.70 214.85 1,297.47 6,378.06
RFA/GW
Net Change 56.47 -32.03 -2.10 3.36 -25.70
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.4.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for

Bihar between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 10.41 1.12 0.00 0.00 0.08 11.61
MDF 0.80 773.62 5.75 0.65 38.20 819.02
OF 0.00 9.70 1,618.53 5.83 95.17 1,729.23
Scrub 0.00 0.00 4.04 30.40 3.57 38.01
NF 0.00 54.52 188.22 9.07 84,935.26 85,187.07
Total ISFR
2023 outside 11.21 838.96 1,816.54 45.95 85,072.28 87,784.94
RFA/GW
Net Change -0.40 19.94 87.31 7.94 -114.79
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.4.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Bihar

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 93,821 384.67 3,140.33 3,750.18 7,275.18 257.70
500-1000 342 2.33 143.88 111.06 257.27 3.10
Total 94,163 387.00 3,284.21 3,861.24 7,532.45 260.80
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
43

Forest Survey of India

 BIHAR

Table 10.4.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Bihar

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0 to 5 91,177 230.27 2,091.94 3,055.71 5,377.92 169.74
5 to 10 1,576 71.91 498.20 373.06 943.17 37.70
10 to 15 594 38.68 286.15 174.89 499.72 19.89
15 to 20 363 24.09 182.17 108.54 314.80 13.78
20 to 25 222 13.28 111.11 68.64 193.03 9.22
25 to 30 122 6.00 60.00 40.95 106.95 5.79
> 30 109 2.77 54.64 39.45 96.86 4.68
Total 94,163 387.00 3,284.21 3,861.24 7,532.45 260.80
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Figure 10.4.3 Forest Cover Map of Bihar

44

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Bihar

10.4.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Bihar (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification, 1968)
based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.4.10 Area statistics of the Forest Types found in Bihar

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 2/E1 Cane brakes 2.58 0.03
2 3B/C1b Moist teak forest 4.19 0.05
3 3C/C2b(i) Bhabar-dun sal 268.68 3.44
4 3C/C3a West Gangetic moist mixed deciduous forest 179.14 2.30
5 4D/SS2 Barringtonia swamp forest 2.10 0.03
6 5B/C1a Dry Siwalik sal forest 384.43 4.93
7 5B/C1c Dry peninsular sal forest 1,571.67 20.14
8 5B/C2 Northern dry mixed deciduous forest 2,335.80 29.94
9 5/DS1 Dry deciduous scrub 291.49 3.74
10 5/E2 Boswellia forest 317.79 4.07
11 5/E9 Dry bamboo brakes 68.98 0.88
12 5/1S2 Khair-sissu forest 2.38 0.03
Sub Total 5,429.23 69.58
13 TOF/ Plantation 2,364.02 30.30
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 7,793.25 99.88
Grassland forest type (outside forest cover)
14 4D/2S2 Eastern wet alluvial grassland 9.46 0.12
Grand Total 7,802.71 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). Grassland forest type outside forest cover has also been mapped. The total
mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover, scrub and grassland forest types (found in non-forest).
45

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 BIHAR
10.4.4 Forest Fire
District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.
Table 10.4.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Araria 0 0
2 Arwal 0 0
3 Aurangabad 53 89
4 Banka 165 50
5 Begusarai 0 0
6 Bhagalpur 0 0
7 Bhojpur 0 0
8 Buxar 2 0
9 Darbhanga 0 0
10 East Champaran 0 0
11 Gaya 178 69
12 Gopalganj 0 0
13 Jamui 531 354
14 Jehanabad 6 0
15 Kaimur (Bhabua) 314 106
16 Katihar 0 0
17 Khagaria 0 0
18 Kishanganj 0 0
19 Lakhisarai 212 121
20 Madhepura 0 0
21 Madhubani 0 0
22 Munger 339 233
23 Muzaffarpur 0 0
24 Nalanda 19 1
25 Nawada 321 173
26 Patna 1 0
27 Purnia 1 0
28 Rohtas 155 164
29 Saharsa 0 0
30 Samastipur 0 0
31 Saran 0 0
32 Sheikhpura 0 0
33 Sheohar 0 0
34 Sitamarhi 0 0
35 Siwan 0 0
36 Supaul 0 0
37 Vaishali 0 0
38 West Champaran 1,496 1,403
Total 3,793 2,763
46

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Bihar

10.4.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.4.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover

1 Extremely fire prone 343.30 4.41

2 Very highly fire prone 1,217.02 15.62
3 Highly fire prone 1,362.32 17.48
4 Moderately fire prone 986.21 12.65
5 Less fire prone 3,884.40 49.84
Total 7,793.25 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.

Figure 10.4.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

10.4.6 Results derived from NFI for Bihar

Table 10.4.13 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 species in
RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Shorea robusta 23,780 8.88

2 Lannea coromandelica 10,083 1.89
3 Madhuca longifolia/ M. latifolia/ M. indica 8,189 1.82
4 Buchanania lanzan/ Buchanania latifolia 6,647 0.59
5 Terminalia elliptica/ Terminalia crenulata 5,701 1.64
47

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 BIHAR

Table 10.4.14 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 species in
Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Mangifera indica 52,160 17.986

2 Dalbergia sissoo 16,548 3.474
3 Borassus flabellifer/ Borassus flabelliformis 7,898 5.695
4 Syzygium cumini/ Eugenia jambolana 5,395 1.160
5 Litchi chinensis/ Litchi sinensis 5,074 0.499

Table 10.4.15 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 species in
Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Mangifera indica 1,643 0.267

2 Psidium guajava 726 0.017
3 Litchi chinensis/ Litchi sinensis 701 0.045
4 Dalbergia sissoo 528 0.090
5 Bombax ceiba 500 0.101

Table 10.4.16 Major invasive species in the State inside the RFA in
Bihar
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)

1 Lantana camara 550.09

2 Chromolaena odorata 248.80
3 Senna tora 36.37
4 Senna occidentalis 18.18
5 Ageratum conyzoides 17.77

Table 10.4.17 Major NTFP species in Bihar

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)

1 Shorea robusta Tree 7,42,329

2 Diospyros melanoxylon Tree 6,27,766
3 Butea monosperma Tree 2,07,074
4 Buchanania Lanzan Tree 1,77,230
5 Madhuca longifolia/ M. latifolia/ M. indica Tree 1,05,815
6 Aegle marmelos Tree 85,703
7 Acacia catechu/ Senegalia catechu Tree 50,321
8 Terminalia bellirica Tree 25,207
9 Boswellia serrata Tree 9,335
48

Forest Survey of India

Photo: FSI Repository
 10.5
CHHATTISGARH
CHHATTISGARH
Geographical Area
1,35,192 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 17◦47’ N to 24◦06’ N
Longitude 80◦15’ E to 84◦24’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
25.55 million
Urban 5.94 million (23.24 %)
Rural 19.61 million (76.76 %)
Tribal 7.82 million (30.62 %)
Average Population Density
189 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
15.04 million
No. of Districts
28
No. of Hill Districts
0
No. of Tribal Districts
11

Table 10.5.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 13,519
Reporting area for land utilization 14,090.27 100.00
Forests 6,607.43 46.89
Not available for land cultivation 1,038.11 7.37
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 892.82 6.34
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 2.54 0.02
Culturable wasteland 382.97 2.72
Fallow land other than current fallows 255.74 1.81
Current fallows 279.69 1.98
Net area sown 4,630.97 32.87
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
50

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Chhattisgarh

10.5.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.5.2 Forest Cover of Chhattisgarh

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 7,416.57 5.49
MDF 31,983.80 23.65
OF 16,411.38 12.14
Total 55,811.75 41.28
Scrub 610.41 0.45

Figure 10.5.1 Forest Cover of Chhattisgarh

Table 10.5.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Chhattisgarh

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Balod 3,372.23 45.21 505.84 192.66 743.71 22.05 4.27 18.17
Balodabazar
4,635.49 151.94 660.46 207.08 1,019.48 21.99 1.56 34.78
Bhatapara
Balrampur 6,253.07 450.29 1,514.96 1,169.21 3,134.46 50.13 -6.45 16.24
Bastar 5,394.84 604.45 841.72 653.74 2,099.91 38.92 19.20 43.70
Bemetara 2,866.01 0.00 0.00 7.51 7.51 0.26 -0.90 0.40
Bijapur 8,529.50 2,261.46 3,232.24 1,599.07 7,092.77 83.16 10.12 4.40
Bilaspur 3,541.04 19.57 438.71 222.19 680.47 19.22 8.04 19.02
Gaurela-Pendra-
1,991.36 5.37 548.82 201.78 755.97 37.96 8.25 25.70
Marwahi
Dantewada 2,822.25 80.07 653.98 561.35 1,295.40 45.90 6.86 3.81
Dhamtari 4,084.00 101.06 1,332.73 427.28 1,861.07 45.57 0.47 11.13
Durg 2,297.01 0.00 3.43 22.00 25.43 1.11 -1.81 1.70
Gariaband 4,844.19 5.64 1,718.81 852.70 2,577.15 53.20 -11.02 13.93
Janjgir - Champa 3,852.75 4.93 21.39 126.29 152.61 3.96 -2.42 14.97
Jashpur 5,837.75 228.47 1,314.76 583.86 2,127.09 36.44 -1.68 20.38
Kawardha
4,235.00 80.72 1,059.32 392.54 1,532.58 36.19 -8.44 12.62
(Kabirdham)
Kondagaon 5,074.66 326.20 1,258.34 580.96 2,165.50 42.67 -7.54 7.35
Korba 6,598.50 265.48 2,243.79 887.04 3,396.31 51.47 -3.66 88.95
Korea 6,604.25 88.94 2,571.52 1,447.58 4,108.04 62.20 -3.24 59.34
Mahasamund 4,789.75 3.75 513.31 429.85 946.91 19.77 -5.05 28.50
Mungeli 2,739.10 374.68 585.74 78.10 1,038.52 37.91 -17.27 5.38
Narayanpur 4,653.50 952.91 1,409.30 819.75 3,181.96 68.38 1.73 12.72
Raigarh 7,086.00 309.08 1,512.32 796.50 2,617.90 36.94 -1.03 26.75
Raipur 2,903.32 0.00 11.39 35.32 46.71 1.61 0.13 7.03
51

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 CHHATTISGARH

Table 10.5.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Chhattisgarh

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Rajnandgaon 8,070.25 41.59 1,747.65 751.71 2,540.95 31.49 -4.38 47.14
Sukma 5,476.00 215.52 1,689.31 1,345.38 3,250.21 59.35 -2.27 27.09
Surajpur 5,472.72 182.38 1,484.38 860.93 2,527.69 46.19 -3.10 24.62
Surguja 4,005.96 87.34 907.29 435.45 1,430.08 35.70 -1.75 24.73
Uttar Bastar
7,161.50 529.52 2,202.29 723.55 3,455.36 48.25 2.25 9.86
Kanker (Kanker)
Grand Total 1,35,192.00 7,416.57 31,983.80 16,411.38 55,811.75 41.28 -19.13 610.41
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

10.5.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.5.4 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Chhattisgarh
( km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
5,796.08 26,070.85 10,553.46 1,620.49 5,912.95 5,857.92
42,420.39 13,391.36
13.66% 61.46% 24.88% 12.10% 44.16% 43.74%
*In case of Chhattisgarh, RFA boundaries have been used.
52

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Chhattisgarh

Figure 10.5.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Chhattisgarh

Table 10.5.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for

Chhattisgarh between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 5,400.36 28.90 16.08 0.00 4.10 5,449.44
MDF 392.45 25,785.37 182.88 1.06 6.00 26,367.76
OF 3.27 256.58 10,208.00 103.75 45.00 10,616.60
Scrub 0.00 0.00 68.59 220.82 78.28 367.69
NF 0.00 0.00 77.91 21.97 10,133.17 10,233.05
Total ISFR
2023 inside 5,796.08 26,070.85 10,553.46 347.60 10,266.55 53,034.54
RFA /GW
Net Change 346.64 -296.91 -63.14 -20.09 33.50
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
53

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 CHHATTISGARH

Table 10.5.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for

Chhattisgarh between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 1,585.66 8.50 2.10 0.12 8.95 1,605.33
MDF 34.83 5,870.80 23.40 2.31 3.77 5,935.11
OF 0.00 33.65 5,811.21 5.77 6.01 5,856.64
Scrub 0.00 0.00 13.85 230.97 1.13 245.95
NF 0.00 0.00 7.36 23.64 68,483.43 68,514.43
Total ISFR
2023 outside 1,620.49 5,912.95 5,857.92 262.81 68,503.29 82,157.46
RFA/GW
Net Change 15.16 -22.16 1.28 16.86 -11.14
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.5.7 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Chhattisgarh

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 88,516 3,528.97 15,873.24 9,661.05 29,063.26 407.70
500-1000 45,491 3,824.63 15,799.38 6,519.34 26,143.35 182.59
1000-2000 1,185 62.97 311.18 230.99 605.14 20.12
Total 1,35,192 7,416.57 31,983.80 16,411.38 55,811.75 610.41
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.5.8 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Chhattisgarh

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 1,06,433 4,164.44 17,502.08 11,072.56 32,739.08 345.48
5-10 16,248 1,606.59 6,994.47 2,739.32 11,340.38 126.87
10-15 6,477 900.10 3,777.67 1,240.42 5,918.19 75.80
15-20 3,345 450.98 2,052.57 702.67 3,206.22 38.86
20-25 1,638 195.84 1,006.85 391.80 1,594.49 16.31
25-30 696 70.07 421.88 180.02 671.97 5.99
>30 355 28.55 228.28 84.59 341.42 1.10
Total 1,35,192 7,416.57 31,983.80 16,411.38 55,811.75 610.41
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
54

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Chhattisgarh

Figure 10.5.3 Forest Cover Map of Chhattisgarh

55

Forest Survey of India

 CHHATTISGARH

10.5.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Chhattisgarh (as per the Champion & Seth Forest
Classification, 1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following
table.
Table 10.5.9 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in
Chhattisgarh
(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 3B/C1c Slightly moist teak forest 3,716.66 6.59
2 3B/C2 Southern moist mixed deciduous forest 8,755.37 15.52
3 3C/C2e (i) Moist peninsular high level sal 832.76 1.48
4 3C/C2e (ii) Moist peninsular low level sal 9,296.76 16.48
5 3/E1 Terminalia tomentosa forest 18.97 0.03
6 3/2S1 Dry bamboo brakes 3.77 0.01
7 5A/C1b Dry teak forest 284.98 0.51
8 5A/C3 Southern dry mixed deciduous forest 15,384.67 27.26
9 5B/C1c Dry peninsular sal forest 8,692.08 15.40
10 5B/C2 Northern dry mixed deciduous forest 7,387.48 13.09
11 5/DS1 Dry deciduous scrub 610.41 1.08
12 5/E9 Dry bamboo brakes 828.94 1.47
Sub Total 55,812.85 98.92
13 TOF/ Plantation 609.31 1.08
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 56,422.16 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). The total mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover and scrub.
56

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Chhattisgarh

10.5.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.5.10 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Balod 99 119
2 Balodabazar Bhatapara 353 160
3 Balrampur 1,470 1,012
4 Bastar 426 683
5 Bemetara 0 0
6 Bijapur 2,940 5,018
7 Bilaspur 268 411
8 Dantewada 68 551
9 Dhamtari 511 463
10 Durg 0 0
11 Gariaband 1,233 699
12 Gaurela Pendra Marwahi 148 49
13 Janjgir Champa 228 80
14 Jashpur 1,111 405
15 Kawardha (Kabirdham) 449 180
16 Kondagaon 378 173
17 Korba 1,413 772
18 Korea 1,884 719
19 Mahasamund 830 428
20 Mungeli 158 136
21 Narayanpur 1,466 2,316
22 Raigarh 1,275 506
23 Raipur 28 17
24 Raj Nandgaon 901 623
25 Sukma 335 1,671
26 Surajpur 789 543
27 Surguja 408 110
28 Uttar Bastar Kanker (Kanker) 1,137 1,106
Total 20,306 18,950
57

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 CHHATTISGARH
10.5.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.5.11 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover
1 Extremely fire prone 2,265.19 4.01
2 Very highly fire prone 10,453.80 18.53
3 Highly fire prone 16,324.65 28.93
4 Moderately fire prone 13,239.33 23.47
5 Less fire prone 14,139.19 25.06
Total 56,422.16 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.

Figure 10.5.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes
10.5.6 Results Derived from NFI for Chhattisgarh
Table 10.5.12 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Shorea robusta 3,58,166 135.49
2 Cleistanthus collinus 1,07,787 10.60
3 Terminalia elliptica/ Terminalia crenulata 91,627 30.53
4 Buchanania lanzan/ Buchanania latifolia 80,170 7.46
58

5 Anogeissus latifolia/ Terminalia anogeissiana 71,257 24.24

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Chhattisgarh

Table 10.5.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Shorea robusta 84,852 20.454
2 Butea monosperma/ Butea frondosa 39,090 4.843
3 Acacia Arabica/ Vachellia nilotica 25,245 2.994
4 Mangifera indica 24,428 26.138
5 Madhuca longifolia/ M. latifolia/ M. indica 22,595 18.911

Table 10.5.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Mangifera indica 1,115 0.812
2 Psidium guajava 819 0.03
3 Moringa species 775 0.143
4 Annona squamosa 615 0.009
5 Azadirachta indica 533 0.316

Table 10.5.15 Major NTFP Species in Chhattisgarh

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)
1 Diospyros melanoxylon Tree 3,51,08,100
2 Shorea robusta Tree 3,18,86,112
3 Buchanania Lanzan Tree 59,89,006
4 Anogeissus latifolia/ Terminalia anogeissiana Tree 50,47,201
5 Woodfordia fruticosa Shrubs 3,20,51,057
6 Bauhinia vahlii/ Phanera vahlii Climbers 58,10,850
7 Tinospora cordifolia Climbers 12,36,351
8 Celastrus paniculatus Climbers 8,65,446
Ocimum species (Ocimum gratissimum/
9 Ocimum sanctum/ Ocimum tenuiflorum/ Herbs 48,81,14,810
Ocimum americanum)
10 Andrographis paniculata Herbs 1,70,96,073

Table 10.5.16 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA in
Chhattisgarh
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)
1 Lantana camara 2,117.14
2 Ageratum conyzoides 1,906.15
3 Cassia tora/ Senna tora 1,573.30
4 Chromolaena odorata 694.80
5 Triumfetta rhomboidea 692.98
59

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 10.6
DELHI
DELHI
Geographical Area
1,483 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 28◦22’ N to 28◦54’ N
Longitude 76◦48’ E to 77◦23’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
16.79 million
Urban 16.37 million (97.50 %)
Rural 0.42 million (2.50 %)
Tribal Nill
Average Population Density
11,320 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
0.36 million
No. of Districts
11
No. of Hill Districts
0
No. of Tribal Districts
0

Table 10.6.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 148
Reporting area for land utilization 165.51 100.00
Forests 19.50 11.78
Not available for land cultivation 93.19 56.30
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 0.06 0.04
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 1.18 0.71
Culturable wasteland 9.89 5.98
Fallow land other than current fallows 8.07 4.88
Current fallows 11.73 7.09
Net area sown 21.89 13.22
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
60

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Delhi

10.6.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.6.2 Forest Cover of Delhi

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 6.47 0.44
MDF 53.55 3.61
OF 135.26 9.12
Total 195.28 13.17
Scrub 2.39 0.16

Figure 10.6.1 Forest Cover of Delhi

Table 10.6.3 District-wise Forest Cover in Delhi

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Central Delhi 107 0.01 5.11 7.05 12.17 11.37 0.06 0.14
East Delhi 32 0.00 0.29 1.64 1.93 6.03 -0.05 0.00
New Delhi 156 2.71 13.84 32.09 48.64 31.18 -0.91 0.47
North Delhi 291 0.02 5.34 6.36 11.72 4.03 0.60 0.05
North-East Delhi 35 0.00 0.36 2.02 2.38 6.80 0.15 0.05
North-West Delhi 154 0.08 2.88 2.76 5.72 3.71 -0.29 0.00
Shahdara 34 0.00 0.25 0.65 0.90 2.65 -0.01 0.00
South Delhi 159 2.99 13.95 53.95 70.89 44.58 0.90 1.60
South-East Delhi 101 0.66 4.65 14.23 19.54 19.35 -0.44 0.00
South-West Delhi 283 0.00 3.24 9.41 12.65 4.47 0.50 0.08
West Delhi 131 0.00 3.64 5.10 8.74 6.67 -0.59 0.00
Grand Total 1,483 6.47 53.55 135.26 195.28 13.17 -0.08 2.39
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
61

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 DELHI

10.6.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.
Table 10.6.4 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Delhi
( km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
4.02 18.24 49.94 2.45 35.31 85.32
72.20 123.08
5.57% 25.26% 69.17% 1.99% 28.69% 69.32%
*In case of Delhi, RFA boundaries have been used.

Figure 10.6.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Delhi

Table 10.6.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Delhi
between 2021 Raster based & 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 4.02 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.06
MDF 0.00 18.20 0.55 0.00 0.00 18.75
OF 0.00 0.00 47.65 0.00 0.00 47.65
Scrub 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.00 0.30
NF 0.00 0.00 1.74 1.21 23.26 26.21
Total ISFR
2023 inside 4.02 18.24 49.94 1.51 23.26 96.97
RFA /GW
Net Change -0.04 -0.51 2.29 1.21 -2.95
62

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Forest Survey of India
India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Delhi

Table 10.6.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Delhi
between 2021 Raster based & 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 2.37 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.66
MDF 0.08 35.02 1.73 0.00 0.91 37.74
OF 0.00 0.00 83.59 0.03 0.88 84.50
Scrub 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.18
NF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.67 1,260.28 1,260.95
Total ISFR
2023 outside 2.45 35.31 85.32 0.88 1,262.07 1,386.03
RFA/GW
Net Change -0.21 -2.43 0.82 0.70 1.12
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.6.7 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Delhi

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 1,483 6.47 53.55 135.26 195.28 2.39
Total 1,483 6.47 53.55 135.26 195.28 2.39
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.6.8 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Delhi

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 1,407 6.47 50.20 124.14 180.81 1.28
5-10 70 0.00 3.35 10.14 13.49 0.73
10-15 5 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.98 0.38
15-20 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 1,483 6.47 53.55 135.26 195.28 2.39
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
63

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 DELHI

Figure 10.6.3 Forest Cover Map of Delhi

64

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Delhi

10.6.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Delhi (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification, 1968)
based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.6.9 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Delhi

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 5B/C2 Northern dry mixed deciduous forest 20.41 10.33
2 6B/C2 Ravine thorn forest 64.48 32.62
Sub Total 84.89 42.95
3 TOF/ Plantation 112.78 57.05
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 197.67 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). The total mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover and scrub.

10.6.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 and 2023-24.

Table 10.6.10 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Central Delhi 1 0
2 East Delhi 2 0
3 New Delhi 1 3
4 North Delhi 2 1
5 North-East Delhi 0 1
6 North-West Delhi 0 0
7 Shahdara 0 0
8 South Delhi 0 9
9 South-East Delhi 0 1
10 South-West Delhi 1 1
11 West Delhi 0 0
Total 7 16
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 DELHI

10.6.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.6.11 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover
1 Extremely fire prone 0.00 0.00
2 Very highly fire prone 0.00 0.00
3 Highly fire prone 0.00 0.00
4 Moderately fire prone 0.00 0.00
5 Less fire prone 197.67 100.00
Total 197.67 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.

Figure 10.6.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes
10.6.6 Results Derived from NFI for Delhi
Table 10.6.12 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 544 0.20
2 Acacia lenticularis/ Senegalia lenticularis 139 0.01
3 Azadirachta indica 62 0.03
4 Cassia fistula 55 0.02
66

5 Leucaena leucocephala 55 0.01

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Delhi

Table 10.6.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 1,136 0.060
2 Azadirachta indica 257 0.056
3 Leucaena leucocephala 241 0.015
4 Ficus species 110 0.006
5 Morus species 106 0.013

Table 10.6.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Leucaena leucocephala 817 0.091
2 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 709 0.055
3 Polyalthia longifolia/ Monoon longifolium 626 0.041
4 Azadirachta indica 505 0.212
5 Ficus species 397 0.028

Table 10.6.15 Major NTFP Species in Delhi

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)
1 Azadirachta indica Tree 62
2 Flacourtia indica Tree 5
3 Lantana camara Shrubs 28,350
4 Carissa spinarum/ Carissa opaca Shrubs 15,593
5 Grewia tenax Shrubs 1,418
6 Cassia tora/ Senna tora Herbs 1,47,932
7 Parthenium hysterophorus Herbs 56,897

Table 10.6.16 Major Invasive Species in the State inside the RFA in
Delhi
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)
1 Prosopis juliflora 9.21
2 Lantana camara 6.22
3 Cassia tora/ Senna tora 1.35
4 Triumfetta rhomboidea 1.35
5 Parthenium hysterophorus 0.69
67

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 10.7
GOA
GOA
Geographical Area
3,702 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 14◦53’ N to 15◦40’ N
Longitude 73◦40’ E to 74◦21’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
1.46 million
Urban 0.91 million (62.17 %)
Rural 0.55 million (37.83 %)
Tribal 0.15 million (10.23 %)
Average Population Density
394 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
0.15 million
No. of Districts
2
No. of Hill Districts
0
No. of Tribal Districts
0

Table 10.7.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 370
Reporting area for land utilization 361.11 100.00
Forests 125.47 34.75
Not available for land cultivation 93.83 25.99
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 1.30 0.36
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 0.58 0.16
Culturable wasteland 4.78 1.32
Fallow land other than current fallows 3.77 1.04
Current fallows 4.71 1.30
Net area sown 126.67 35.08
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Goa

10.7.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.7.2 Forest Cover of Goa

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 555.46 15.00
MDF 589.43 15.92
OF 1,120.83 30.28
Total 2,265.72 61.20
Scrub 21.69 0.59

Figure 10.7.1 Forest Cover of Goa

Table 10.7.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Goa

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
North Goa 1,736 132.02 237.42 580.75 950.19 54.73 -0.90 11.57
South Goa 1,966 423.44 352.01 540.08 1,315.53 66.91 -0.60 10.12
Grand Total 3,702 555.46 589.43 1,120.83 2,265.72 61.20 -1.50 21.69
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.7.4 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Goa

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
1. Canacon 17.93 0.00 3.15 6.68 9.83 54.82 0.00
2. Panjim 8.13 0.00 0.28 0.88 1.16 14.27 0.00
3. Ponda 3.16 0.00 0.16 0.65 0.81 25.63 0.00
4. Quepem 19.68 0.00 1.56 5.14 6.70 34.04 0.59
Grand Total 48.90 0.00 5.15 13.35 18.50 37.83 0.59
*Shapefile of digitized boundary as provided by Directorate Municipal Administration / Urban Development.
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 GOA

10.7.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.7.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Goa
( km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
532.61 340.31 351.01 22.85 249.12 769.82
1,223.93 1,041.79
43.52% 27.80% 28.68% 2.19% 23.91% 73.90%
*In case of Goa, RFA boundaries have been used.

Figure 10.7.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Goa

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Goa

Table 10.7.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Goa
between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 505.30 12.42 0.32 0.00 0.15 518.19
MDF 25.81 294.91 5.04 0.00 0.09 325.85
OF 1.48 32.97 344.61 0.39 0.58 380.03
Scrub 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
NF 0.02 0.01 1.04 4.30 97.04 102.41
Total ISFR
2023 inside 532.61 340.31 351.01 4.69 97.86 1,326.48
RFA /GW
Net Change 14.42 14.46 -29.02 4.69 -4.55
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.7.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Goa
between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 20.21 2.34 0.01 0.00 0.00 22.56
MDF 2.64 225.15 9.11 0.00 0.71 237.61
OF 0.00 21.40 756.02 0.68 4.88 782.98
Scrub 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
NF 0.00 0.23 4.68 16.32 1,311.14 1,332.37
Total ISFR
2023 outside 22.85 249.12 769.82 17.00 1,316.73 2,375.52
RFA/GW
Net Change 0.29 11.51 -13.16 17.00 -15.64
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.7.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Goa

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 3,549 463.69 568.05 1,091.01 2,122.75 21.39
500-1000 153 91.77 21.38 29.82 142.97 0.30
Total 3,702 555.46 589.43 1,120.83 2,265.72 21.69
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
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 GOA

Table 10.7.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Goa

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 1,918 96.52 209.41 482.53 788.46 13.24
5-10 795 124.55 153.10 297.75 575.40 6.05
10-15 463 122.86 110.34 168.76 401.96 1.68
15-20 273 97.51 68.22 89.35 255.08 0.39
20-25 136 58.14 30.73 42.53 131.40 0.07
25-30 64 30.12 11.42 21.09 62.63 0.06
>30 53 25.76 6.21 18.82 50.79 0.20
Total 3,702 555.46 589.43 1,120.83 2,265.72 21.69
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Figure 10.7.3 Forest Cover Map of Goa

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Goa

10.7.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Goa (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification, 1968)
based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.7.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Goa

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 1A/C4 West Coast tropical evergreen forest 499.22 21.83
2 2A/C2 West Coast semi-evergreen forest 480.17 20.99
3 3B/C2 Southern moist mixed deciduous forest 941.90 41.18
4 4B/TS2 Mangrove forest 29.12 1.27
5 5/E7 Laterite thorn forest 0.52 0.02
Sub Total 1,950.93 85.29
6 TOF/ Plantation 336.48 14.71
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 2,287.41 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). The total mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover and scrub.

10.7.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.7.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 North Goa 24 5
2 South Goa 123 31
Total 147 36
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 GOA
10.7.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.
Table 10.7.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes
(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover
1 Extremely fire prone 0.73 0.03
2 Very highly fire prone 0.00 0.00
3 Highly fire prone 0.00 0.00
4 Moderately fire prone 68.09 2.98
5 Less fire prone 2,218.59 96.99
Total 2,287.41 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.

Figure 10.7.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes
10.7.6 Results Derived from NFI for Goa
Table 10.7.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Terminalia paniculata 10,066 4.66
2 Xylia xylocarpa 4,230 1.14
3 Terminalia elliptica/ Terminalia crenulata 4,038 1.43
4 Anacardium occidentale 2,955 0.29
74

5 Careya arborea 2,363 0.81

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Goa

Table 10.7.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Areca triandra 10,138 0.274
2 Anacardium occidentale 4,674 0.415
3 Cocos nucifera 3,922 0.624
4 Acacia auriculiformis 2,117 0.085
5 Terminalia paniculata 1,221 0.169

Table 10.7.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Cocos nucifera 1,502 0.303
2 Mangifera indica 434 0.302
3 Areca triandra 217 0.007
4 Tectona grandis 211 0.048
Artocarpus heterophyllus/ Artocarpus
5 174 0.107
integrifolia

Table 10.7.16 Major NTFP Species in Goa

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)
1 Terminalia bellirica Tree 20,172
2 Syzygium cumini Tree 19,644
3 Anacardium occidentale Tree 15,025
4 Terminalia paniculata Tree 10,066
5 Garcinia indica Tree 9,640
6 Cassia fistula/ Sp. Tree 7,585
7 Emblica officinalis/ Phyllanthus emblica Tree 7,272
8 Xylia xylocarpa Tree 4,230
9 Buchanania Lanzan Tree 4,112
Terminalia elliptica/ Terminalia crenulata/
10 Tree 4,038
Terminalia tomentosa

Table 10.7.17 Major Invasive Species in the State inside the RFA in
Goa
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)
1 Chromolaena odorata 73.99
2 Ageratum conyzoides 11.99
3 Acacia farnesiana/ Vachellia farnesiana 11.78
4 Triumfetta rhomboidea 4.55
5 Ageratina adenophora 2.27
75

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 10.8
GUJARAT
GUJARAT
Geographical Area
1,96,244 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 20◦07’ N to 24◦43’ N
Longitude 68◦10’ E to 74◦29’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
60.44 million
Urban 25.74 million (42.60 %)
Rural 34.70 million (57.40 %)
Tribal 8.92 million (14.75 %)
Average Population Density
308 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
27.12 million
No. of Districts
33
No. of Hill Districts
0
No. of Tribal Districts
9

Table 10.8.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 19,624
Reporting area for land utilization 18,810.21 100.00
Forests 2,051.60 10.91
Not available for land cultivation 3,542.16 18.83
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 788.22 4.19
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 10.02 0.05
Culturable wasteland 1,917.35 10.19
Fallow land other than current fallows 119.82 0.65
Current fallows 660.91 3.51
Net area sown 9,720.13 51.67
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Gujarat

10.8.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.8.2 Forest Cover of Gujarat

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 419.71 0.21
MDF 4,902.20 2.50
OF 9,694.73 4.94
Total 15,016.64 7.65
Scrub 2,029.95 1.03

Figure 10.8.1 Forest Cover of Gujarat

Table 10.8.3 District-wise Forest Cover in Gujarat

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Ahmedabad 7,250 0.00 9.00 106.20 115.20 1.59 20.97 28.37
Amreli 7,320 0.12 68.51 212.11 280.74 3.84 23.55 66.04
Anand 3,177 0.00 8.49 47.52 56.01 1.76 22.68 1.77
Arvalli 3,151 0.86 63.13 215.55 279.54 8.87 17.13 32.57
Banaskantha 10,775 0.00 343.49 469.02 812.51 7.54 -4.67 133.25
Bharuch 6,507 0.00 51.27 247.71 298.98 4.59 11.93 17.83
Bhavnagar 8,501 0.00 46.87 256.12 302.99 3.56 44.80 82.68
Botad 2,482 0.00 0.26 12.32 12.58 0.51 -1.14 5.51
Chhotaudepur 3,454 0.00 121.01 332.80 453.81 13.14 -13.02 8.07
Dahod 3,645 0.43 105.34 336.77 442.54 12.14 -30.52 25.38
Dang 1,770 209.76 703.05 352.28 1,265.09 71.47 -88.94 9.00
Devbhumi
6,347 0.00 28.05 172.69 200.74 3.16 19.18 41.19
Dwarka
Gandhinagar 2,104 0.00 17.38 97.37 114.75 5.45 23.09 15.05
Gir Somnath 2,646 0.01 35.47 227.35 262.83 9.93 14.50 19.85
Jamnagar 7,608 0.00 51.62 257.35 308.97 4.06 -6.19 88.57
Junagadh 6,148 61.92 881.83 582.78 1,526.53 24.83 7.74 71.85
Kachchh 45,646 0.04 278.38 2,453.48 2,731.90 5.98 237.78 958.59
Kheda 3,442 0.00 6.95 54.66 61.61 1.79 12.11 19.92
Mahesana 4,422 0.00 12.96 168.66 181.62 4.11 26.60 22.15
Mahisagar 2,512 0.03 69.65 224.15 293.83 11.70 -10.13 28.45
Morbi 4,983 0.00 3.44 142.99 146.43 2.94 10.16 25.09
Narmada 2,818 19.74 417.48 416.96 854.18 30.31 -68.46 23.00
Navsari 2,230 17.07 110.90 205.65 333.62 14.96 -1.90 9.41
Panchmahals 3,282 0.00 119.10 273.01 392.11 11.95 -27.31 21.15
Patan 5,789 0.00 11.62 100.95 112.57 1.94 21.89 41.94
Porbandar 2,312 0.00 21.56 122.29 143.85 6.22 16.97 38.74
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 GUJARAT

Table 10.8.3 District-wise Forest Cover in Gujarat

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Rajkot 7,677 0.00 1.02 59.05 60.07 0.78 6.26 21.96
Sabarkantha 4,254 27.83 251.42 280.42 559.67 13.16 18.41 77.01
Surat 4,565 4.62 277.32 213.92 495.86 10.86 -1.36 13.07
Surendranagar 9,186 0.00 10.58 134.75 145.33 1.58 11.24 36.60
Tapi 3,139 77.28 431.39 208.77 717.44 22.86 -79.60 5.57
Vadodara 4,094 0.00 19.70 131.32 151.02 3.69 28.31 19.38
Valsad 3,008 0.00 323.96 577.76 901.72 29.98 -81.99 20.94
Grand Total 1,96,244 419.71 4,902.20 9,694.73 15,016.64 7.65 180.07 2,029.95
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.8.4 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Gujarat

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
1. Gandhinagar 195.74 0.00 6.21 19.37 25.58 13.07 1.14
2. Surat 461.64 0.00 0.76 13.12 13.88 3.01 2.84
3. Rajkot 160.97 0.00 0.00 2.09 2.09 1.30 0.00
Grand Total 818.35 0.00 6.97 34.58 41.55 5.08 3.98
*Shapefile of digitized boundary as provided by Directorate of Municipal / Urban Development Gujarat.
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10.8.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.8.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Gujarat
( km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
400.31 3,948.17 5,041.39 19.40 954.03 4,653.34
9,389.87 5,626.77
4.26% 42.05% 53.69% 0.34% 16.96% 82.70%
*In case of Gujarat, RFA boundaries have been used.

Figure 10.8.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Gujarat

Table 10.8.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Gujarat
between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 351.16 1.36 1.07 0.00 2.64 356.23
MDF 44.63 3,788.02 54.00 5.08 69.75 3,961.48
OF 4.48 150.84 4,523.04 60.31 394.71 5,133.38
Scrub 0.00 3.44 250.47 697.05 179.17 1,130.13
NF 0.04 4.51 212.81 76.89 19,478.53 19,772.78
Total ISFR
2023 inside 400.31 3,948.17 5,041.39 839.33 20,124.80 30,354.00
RFA /GW
Net Change 44.08 -13.31 -91.99 -290.80 352.02
79

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Forest Survey of India

 GUJARAT

Table 10.8.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for

Gujarat between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 18.14 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.40 18.62
MDF 1.08 871.88 16.73 9.50 56.33 955.52
OF 0.18 47.65 3,623.80 84.94 654.77 4,411.34
Scrub 0.00 4.09 354.69 893.61 498.38 1,750.77
NF 0.00 30.38 658.07 202.57 1,57,862.73 1,58,753.75
Total ISFR
2023 outside 19.40 954.03 4,653.34 1,190.62 1,59,072.61 1,65,890.00
RFA/GW
Net Change 0.78 -1.49 242.00 -560.15 318.86
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.8.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Gujarat

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 1,95,407.00 369.29 4,611.90 9,571.32 14,552.51 2,018.22
500-1000 830.00 50.39 289.52 123.25 463.16 11.45
1000-2000 7.00 0.03 0.78 0.16 0.97 0.28
Total 1,96,244.00 419.71 4,902.20 9,694.73 15,016.64 2,029.95
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.8.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Gujarat

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 1,85,312.00 125.44 2,271.65 6,943.83 9,340.92 1,675.57
5-10 6,265.00 82.22 997.22 1,261.39 2,340.83 221.24
10-15 2,322.00 77.02 697.68 714.08 1,488.78 74.96
15-20 1,257.00 64.26 468.66 422.87 955.79 33.22
20-25 659.00 41.68 274.37 223.18 539.23 14.55
25-30 291.00 19.69 129.05 93.64 242.38 6.57
>30 138.00 9.40 63.57 35.74 108.71 3.84
Total 1,96,244.00 419.71 4,902.20 9,694.73 15,016.64 2,029.95
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Gujarat

Figure 10.8.3 Forest Cover Map of Gujarat

10.8.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Gujarat (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification,
1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.8.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Gujarat

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 3B/C1b Moist teak forest 793.43 4.65
2 3B/C1c Slightly moist teak forest 661.71 3.88
3 3B/C2 Southern moist mixed deciduous forest 998.09 5.86
4 4B/TS1 Mangrove scrub 646.55 3.79
5 4B/TS2 Mangrove forest 630.76 3.70
6 5A/C1a Very dry teak forest 3.06 0.02
7 5A/C1b Dry teak forest 26.38 0.15
8 5A/C3 Southern dry mixed deciduous forest 718.60 4.22
9 5B/C2 Northern dry mixed deciduous forest 351.17 2.06
10 5/DS1 Dry deciduous scrub 72.99 0.43
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Table 10.8.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Gujarat

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
11 5/DS4 Dry grass land 2.73 0.02
12 5/E1 Anogeissus pendula forest 58.02 0.34
13 5/E2 Boswellia forest 91.11 0.53
14 5/E3 Babul forest 142.84 0.84
15 5/E5 Butea forest 120.85 0.71
16 5/E8c Salvadora-Tamarix scrub 740.20 4.34
17 5/E9 Dry bamboo brakes 1,618.39 9.49
18 5/1S1 Dry tropical riverain forest 1,997.42 11.72
19 5/2S1 Secondary dry deciduous forest 911.13 5.34
20 6A/C1 Southern thorn forest 915.92 5.37
21 6B/C1 Desert thorn forest 510.52 2.99
22 6B/DS2 Tropical Euphorbia scrub 23.74 0.14
23 6/E2 Acacia senegal forest 42.06 0.25
24 6/E3 Rann saline thorn forest 1,277.59 7.49
25 6/E4 Salvadora scrub 831.81 4.90
Sub Total 14,187.07 83.23
26 TOF/ Plantation 2,859.52 16.77
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 17,046.59 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). The total mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover and scrub.

10.8.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.8.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1. Ahmedabad 0 0
2. Amreli 25 23
3. Anand 0 0
4. Arvalli 18 210
5. Banaskantha 23 65
6. Bharuch 110 82
7. Bhavnagar 68 44
8. Botad 2 0
9. Chhotaudepur 255 232
10. Dahod 122 135
11. Dang 417 478
12. Devbhumi Dwarka 31 8
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Table 10.8.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
13. Gandhinagar 2 2
14. Gir Somnath 30 25
15. Jamnagar 20 25
16. Junagadh 77 118
17. Kachchh 133 237
18. Kheda 0 0
19. Mahesana 2 0
20. Mahisagar 53 161
21. Morbi 6 29
22. Narmada 270 239
23. Navsari 67 98
24. Panchmahals 66 116
25. Patan 7 14
26. Porbandar 14 10
27. Rajkot 8 9
28. Sabarkantha 45 201
29. Surat 133 102
30. Surendranagar 22 33
31. Tapi 222 323
32. Vadodara 9 20
33. Valsad 85 143
Total 2,342 3,182

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10.8.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas
Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.8.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover
1 Extremely fire prone 11.10 0.07
2 Very highly fire prone 705.82 4.14
3 Highly fire prone 1,224.97 7.19
4 Moderately fire prone 1,492.81 8.76
5 Less fire prone 13,611.89 79.84
Total 17,046.59 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.

Figure 10.8.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

10.8.6 Results Derived from NFI for Gujarat

Table 10.8.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Tectona grandis 52,520 9.34
2 Wrightia tinctoria 20,248 1.75
3 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 15,022 0.97
4 Butea monosperma 14,567 1.94
84

5 Terminalia elliptica/ Terminalia crenulata 11,484 2.98

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Gujarat

Table 10.8.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Azadirachta indica 99,236 25.030
2 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 87,795 2.082
3 Mangifera indica 29,032 5.461
4 Acacia Arabica/ Vachellia nilotica 22,254 3.197
5 Ziziphus species 18,025 0.730

Table 10.8.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Azadirachta indica 3,255 1.615
2 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 1,453 0.059
3 Polyalthia species 1,005 0.080
4 Mangifera indica 815 0.275
5 Peltophorum pterocarpum 711 0.226

Table 10.8.16 Major NTFP Species in Gujarat

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)
1 Diospyros melanoxylon Tree 5,51,302
2 Butea monosperma Tree 3,88,314
3 Anogeissus latifolia/ Terminalia anogeissiana Tree 3,10,613
4 Acacia catechu/ Senegalia catechu Tree 1,47,441
Acacia nilotica/ Acacia arabica/ Vachellia
5 Tree 1,42,767
nilotica
6 Azadirachta indica Tree 1,28,945
7 Madhuca longifolia/ M. latifolia/ M. indica Tree 53,869
8 Cassia tora/ Senna tora Shrubs 1,98,16,580
Ocimum species (Ocimum gratissimum/
9 Ocimum sanctum/ Ocimum tenuiflorum/ Herbs 19,20,22,148
Ocimum americanum)
10 Eclipta prostrata/ Eclipta alba Herbs 4,14,436

Table 10.8.17 Major invasive Species in the State inside the RFA in
Gujarat
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)
1 Cassia tora/ Senna tora 949.34
2 Lantana camara 696.19
3 Senna occidentalis 145.94
4 Ageratum conyzoides 134.14
5 Triumfetta rhomboidea 133.19
85

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 10.9
HARYANA
HARYANA
Geographical Area
44,212 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 27◦39’ N to 30◦55’ N
Longitude 74◦27’ E to 77◦36’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
25.35 million
Urban 8.84 million (34.87 %)
Rural 16.51 million (65.13 %)
Tribal Nil
Average Population Density
573 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
8.82 million
No. of Districts
22
No. of Hill Districts
0
No. of Tribal Districts
0

Table 10.9.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 4,421
Reporting area for land utilization 4,371.49 100.00
Forests 32.45 0.74
Not available for land cultivation 339.19 7.76
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 152.72 3.49
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 37.37 0.85
Culturable wasteland 64.62 1.48
Fallow land other than current fallows 49.18 1.13
Current fallows 85.23 1.95
Net area sown 3,610.73 82.60
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
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10.9.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.9.2 Forest Cover of Haryana

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 27.17 0.06
MDF 441.18 1.00
OF 1,145.91 2.59
Total 1,614.26 3.65
Scrub 174.38 0.39

Figure 10.9.1 Forest Cover of Haryana

Table 10.9.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Haryana

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Ambala 1,574 0.00 17.31 39.36 56.67 3.60 4.08 0.09
Bhiwani 3,386 0.00 4.08 58.53 62.61 1.85 -1.89 7.15
Charkhi Dadri 1,382 0.00 3.56 42.36 45.92 3.32 -1.24 9.00
Faridabad 741 0.00 25.98 52.45 78.43 10.58 -1.08 20.20
Fatehabad 2,538 0.00 2.96 18.35 21.31 0.84 -0.32 1.07
Gurugram 1,258 0.00 31.85 81.26 113.11 8.99 0.15 20.42
Hisar 3,993 0.00 10.75 47.79 58.54 1.47 -1.92 6.28
Jhajjar 1,834 0.00 0.23 25.33 25.56 1.39 0.65 6.43
Jind 2,701 0.00 4.79 21.64 26.43 0.98 0.26 0.08
Kaithal 2,318 0.00 21.51 32.81 54.32 2.34 -1.26 0.95
Karnal 2,494 0.00 4.16 28.79 32.95 1.32 0.04 0.67
Kurukshetra 1,536 0.00 19.94 26.09 46.03 3.00 -1.63 1.69
Mahendragarh 1,899 0.00 21.74 89.57 111.31 5.86 -1.72 40.09
Mewat 1,507 0.00 13.58 95.38 108.96 7.23 -4.05 27.15
Palwal 1,359 0.00 2.43 11.39 13.82 1.02 -0.21 0.20
Panchkula 898 5.70 147.59 236.83 390.12 43.44 -1.43 20.33
Panipat 1,288 0.00 3.10 12.87 15.97 1.24 -0.47 0.64
Rewari 1,594 0.00 11.90 49.55 61.45 3.86 -0.52 9.11
Rohtak 1,704 0.00 1.36 13.18 14.54 0.85 -4.28 1.02
Sirsa 4,277 0.00 3.54 61.04 64.58 1.51 1.05 0.15
Sonipat 2,163 0.00 2.66 19.98 22.64 1.05 -0.09 0.84
Yamunanagar 1,768 21.47 86.16 81.36 188.99 10.69 1.92 0.82
Grand Total 44,212 27.17 441.18 1,145.91 1,614.26 3.65 -13.96 174.38
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
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Table 10.9.4 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Haryana

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Area as per Forest
Sl. Name of Urban Very Mod. Total
Digitized Open Cover w.r.t. Scrub
No. Local Body Dense Dense Forest
Boundary* Forest Area of
Forest Forest Cover
Digitized
Boundary
1 Adampur 9.15 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.21 2.30 0.11
2 Ambala City 67.56 0.00 0.11 1.38 1.49 2.21 0.00
3 Ambala Sadar 56.27 0.00 1.44 0.82 2.26 4.02 0.00
4 Assandh 7.54 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.07 0.93 0.00
5 Ateli Mandi 2.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Bahadurgarh 29.29 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.37 1.26 0.00
7 Barara 13.89 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.21 1.51 0.00
8 Barwala 9.34 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.64 0.02
9 Bawal 3.76 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 2.93 0.00
10 Bawani Khera 9.87 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.24 2.43 0.00
11 Beri 1.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
12 Bhiwani 40.52 0.00 0.00 0.73 0.73 1.80 0.05
13 Bhuna 4.25 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.24 0.00
14 Charkhi Dadri 15.80 0.00 0.19 0.55 0.74 4.68 0.30
15 Cheeka 31.05 0.00 0.00 0.44 0.44 1.42 0.00
16 Daruheda 11.51 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.52 0.00
17 Ellenabad 5.91 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.14 2.37 0.00
18 Faridabad 285.89 0.00 12.40 32.81 45.21 15.81 17.07
19 Farukh Nagar 20.21 0.00 0.01 0.13 0.14 0.69 0.00
20 Fatehabad 28.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
21 Ferozepur Jhirka 5.69 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.12 2.11 0.00
22 Gannaur 10.36 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.16 1.54 0.00
23 Gharunda 12.96 0.00 0.02 0.06 0.08 0.62 0.00
24 Gohana 12.31 0.00 0.07 0.02 0.09 0.73 0.00
25 Gurugram 297.99 0.00 8.73 28.78 37.51 12.59 7.01
26 Hansi 13.53 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.52 3.84 0.00
27 Hathin 4.10 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 1.95 0.00
28 Hisar 92.92 0.00 1.66 2.26 3.92 4.22 0.28
29 Hodal 10.80 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.09 0.83 0.00
30 Indri 1.88 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.07 3.72 0.00
31 Ismailabad 11.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
32 Jakhal Mandi 2.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
33 Jhajjar 35.57 0.00 0.00 0.66 0.66 1.86 0.12
34 Jind 37.50 0.00 0.60 0.55 1.15 3.07 0.00
35 Julana 13.85 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.22 0.00
36 Kaithal 39.87 0.00 0.69 0.08 0.77 1.93 0.00
37 Kalanaur 6.92 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.14 0.00
38 Kalanwali 7.96 0.00 0.35 0.11 0.46 5.78 0.00
39 Kalayat 12.68 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.36 2.84 0.00
40 Kalka 56.94 0.00 5.64 11.07 16.71 29.35 0.46
41 Kanina 4.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
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Table 10.9.4 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Haryana

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Area as per Forest
Sl. Name of Urban Very Mod. Total
Digitized Open Cover w.r.t. Scrub
No. Local Body Dense Dense Forest
Boundary* Forest Area of
Forest Forest Cover
Digitized
Boundary
42 Karnal 90.92 0.00 0.23 4.21 4.44 4.88 0.00
43 Kharkhoda 4.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
44 Kundli 7.85 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.25 0.00
45 Ladwa 7.98 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.38 0.00
46 Loharu 9.95 0.00 0.00 0.71 0.71 7.14 0.27
47 Mahendergarh 8.97 0.00 0.27 0.87 1.14 12.71 0.00
48 Mandi Dabwali 15.85 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.38 0.00
49 Manesar 138.18 0.00 6.37 9.70 16.07 11.63 1.16
50 Meham 3.33 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.04 1.20 0.00
51 Nagal Chaudhary 14.60 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.32 2.19 0.19
52 Naraingarh 8.95 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.13 1.45 0.00
54 Narnaul 63.36 0.00 0.19 1.78 1.97 3.11 0.92
53 Narnaund 6.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
55 Narwana 9.53 0.00 0.10 0.02 0.12 1.26 0.00
56 Nilokehri 5.08 0.00 0.00 0.44 0.44 8.66 0.00
57 Nissing 4.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
58 Nuh 7.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
59 Palwal 59.17 0.00 0.28 0.61 0.89 1.50 0.00
60 Panchkula 96.21 0.00 4.87 6.59 11.46 11.91 0.24
61 Panipat 60.47 0.00 0.27 0.34 0.61 1.01 0.20
62 Pataudi Mandi 62.99 0.00 0.00 0.62 0.62 0.98 0.00
63 Pehowa 13.10 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.20 1.53 0.00
64 Pundri 27.68 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 0.33 0.00
65 Punhana 10.19 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.20 0.00
66 Radaur 10.14 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.14 1.38 0.00
67 Rajound 39.37 0.00 0.14 0.47 0.61 1.55 0.00
68 Rania 6.63 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.07 1.06 0.00
69 Ratia 8.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70 Rewari 25.78 0.00 0.00 0.78 0.78 3.03 0.00
71 Rohtak 139.29 0.00 0.05 2.59 2.64 1.90 0.42
72 Sadhaura 6.77 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.07 1.03 0.00
73 Safidon 8.38 0.00 0.09 0.04 0.13 1.55 0.00
74 Samalkha 4.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
75 Sampla 6.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
76 Shahabad 11.83 0.00 0.28 0.29 0.57 4.82 0.00
77 Sirsa 43.88 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.09 0.00
78 Siwan 41.77 0.00 0.16 2.12 2.28 5.46 0.00
79 Siwani 4.49 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 1.34 0.00
80 Sohna 70.48 0.00 4.57 11.94 16.51 23.43 0.20
81 Sonipat 104.07 0.00 0.43 1.16 1.59 1.53 0.00
82 Tarori 5.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
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Table 10.9.4 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Haryana

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Local Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
83 Tauru 6.77 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 1.33 0.00
84 Thanesar 32.50 0.00 1.41 1.47 2.88 8.86 0.00
85 Tohana 13.76 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.13 0.94 0.00
86 Uchana 4.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
87 Uklana 3.86 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.26 0.00
88 Yamuna Nagar 111.87 0.00 0.82 3.54 4.36 3.90 0.15
Grand Total 2,794.83 0.00 52.73 134.89 187.62 6.71 29.17
*Shapefile of digitized boundary as provided by IT Cell, Department of Urban Local Bodies.

10.9.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.9.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Haryana
( km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
23.99 258.77 446.17 3.18 182.41 699.74
728.93 885.33
3.29% 35.50% 61.21% 0.36% 20.60% 79.04%
*In case of Haryana, RFA boundaries have been used.
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Figure 10.9.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Haryana

Table 10.9.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Haryana
Between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 23.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.99
MDF 0.00 257.68 0.15 0.13 1.12 259.08
OF 0.00 0.91 442.31 1.40 4.01 448.63
Scrub 0.00 0.03 1.88 56.42 0.83 59.16
NF 0.00 0.15 1.83 2.91 832.59 837.48
Total ISFR
2023 inside 23.99 258.77 446.17 60.86 838.55 1,628.34
RFA /GW
Net Change 0.00 -0.31 -2.46 1.70 1.07
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Table 10.9.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for
Haryana Between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 3.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.18
MDF 0.00 180.33 1.60 0.34 3.71 185.98
OF 0.00 1.43 674.54 5.72 25.67 707.36
Scrub 0.00 0.03 2.90 95.16 6.13 104.22
NF 0.00 0.62 20.70 12.30 41,549.30 41,582.92
Total ISFR
2023 outside 3.18 182.41 699.74 113.52 41,584.81 42,583.66
RFA/GW
Net Change 0.00 -3.57 -7.62 9.30 1.89
91

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Forest Survey of India
 HARYANA

Table 10.9.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Haryana

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 43,838 15.08 323.29 990.82 1,329.19 165.69
500-1000 330 12.09 97.58 134.36 244.03 8.29
1000-2000 44 0.00 20.31 20.73 41.04 0.40
Total 44,212 27.17 441.18 1,145.91 1,614.26 174.38
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.9.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Haryana

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 42,615 13.88 232.96 804.59 1,051.43 110.82
5-10 1,104 6.47 75.32 129.27 211.06 26.21
10-15 228 3.86 56.10 83.87 143.83 14.91
15-20 126 2.11 36.73 58.23 97.07 9.97
20-25 74 0.68 21.67 36.54 58.89 6.61
25-30 41 0.15 12.09 20.69 32.93 3.67
>30 24 0.02 6.31 12.72 19.05 2.19
Total 44,212 27.17 441.18 1,145.91 1,614.26 174.38
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Figure 10.9.3 Forest Cover Map of Haryana

92

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Haryana

10.9.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Haryana (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification,
1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.9.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types found in Haryana

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 5B/C1a Dry Siwalik sal forest 46.40 2.59
2 5B/C2 Northern dry mixed deciduous forest 526.58 29.44
3 5/DS1 Dry deciduous scrub 27.27 1.52
4 5/E1 Anogeissus pendula forest 96.70 5.41
5 5/E1/DS1 Anogeissus pendula scrub 16.83 0.94
6 5/E9 Dry bamboo brakes 7.31 0.41
7 6B/C1 Desert thorn forest 90.09 5.04
8 6B/C2 Ravine thorn forest 245.62 13.73
9 6/1S1 Desert dune scrub 103.74 5.80
10 9/C1a Lower or Siwalik chir pine forest 13.00 0.73
Sub Total 1,173.54 65.61
11 TOF/ Plantation 615.10 34.39
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 1,788.64 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). The total mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover and scrub.

10.9.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.9.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Ambala 6 19
2 Bhiwani 0 0
3 Charkhi Dadri 0 0
4 Faridabad 0 12
5 Fatehabad 4 0
6 Gurugram 0 4
7 Hisar 2 0
8 Jhajjar 0 1
9 Jind 0 0
10 Kaithal 8 5
11 Karnal 3 1
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 HARYANA

Table 10.9.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
12 Kurukshetra 3 3
13 Mahendragarh 0 2
14 Mewat 0 0
15 Palwal 0 0
16 Panchkula 5 29
17 Panipat 32 16
18 Rewari 0 1
19 Rohtak 0 0
20 Sirsa 0 0
21 Sonipat 0 0
22 Yamunanagar 19 73
Grand Total 82 166

10.9.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.9.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover

1 Extremely fire prone 0.00 0.00

2 Very highly fire prone 0.00 0.00
3 Highly fire prone 28.89 1.62
4 Moderately fire prone 79.71 4.46
5 Less fire prone 1,680.04 93.92
Total 1,788.64 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub

Figure 10.9.4 Fire

Prone Forest Areas
under Different Fire
Prone Classes
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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Haryana

10.9.6 Results Derived from NFI for Haryana

Table 10.9.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Eucalyptus species 3,750 1.25

2 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 2,640 0.41
3 Acacia tortilis/ Vachellia tortilis 2,617 0.37
4 Acacia catechu/ Senegalia catechu 1,846 0.25
5 Anogeissus latifolia/ Terminalia anogeissiana 781 0.25

Table 10.9.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Eucalyptus species 23,968 4.940

2 Dalbergia sissoo 8,849 3.166
3 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 7,254 0.411
4 Prosopis cineraria 6,588 3.428
5 Azadirachta indica 6,521 1.266

Table 10.9.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species in
Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Eucalyptus species 1,333 0.215

2 Azadirachta indica 677 0.189
3 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 627 0.046
4 Melia azedarach 486 0.065
5 Morus species 448 0.063

Table 10.9.16 Major NTFP Species in Haryana

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)
Acacia nilotica/ Acacia arabica/ Vachellia
1 Tree 9,994
nilotica
2 Acacia catechu/ Senegalia catechu Tree 6,897
3 Anogeissus latifolia/ Terminalia anogeissiana Tree 6,393
4 Adhatoda vasica/ Justicia adhatoda Shrubs 3,34,991
5 Asparagus adscendens Shrubs 13,958
6 Abrus precatorius Climbers 26,171
7 Cucumis melo/ Cucumis pubescens Climbers 20,937
8 Cassia tora/ Senna tora Herbs 23,53,082
9 Achyranthes aspera Herbs 15,46,311
95

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 HARYANA

Table 10.9.17 Major Invasive Species in the State inside the RFA in
Haryana
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)

1 Lantana camara 89.05

2 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 61.30
3 Saccharum spontaneum 31.18
4 Ageratum houstonianum 11.63
5 Leucaena leucocephala 8.46
96

Photo: FSI Repository

Forest Survey of India
Photo: FSI Repository
 10.10
HIMACHAL PRADES
HIMACHAL PRADESH
Geographical Area
55,673 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 30◦22’ N to 33◦12’ N
Longitude 75◦45’ E to 79◦04’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
6.86 million
Urban 0.69 million (10.03 %)
Rural 6.17 million (89.97 %)
Tribal 0.39 million (5.71 %)
Average Population Density
123 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
4.84 million
No. of Districts
12
No. of Hill Districts
12
No. of Tribal Districts
3

Table 10.10.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 5,567
Reporting area for land utilization 4,577.12 100.00
Forests 1,144.10 24.99
Not available for land cultivation 1,136.60 24.83
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 1,465.53 32.02
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 70.03 1.53
Culturable wasteland 129.85 2.84
Fallow land other than current fallows 25.57 0.56
Current fallows 77.74 1.70
Net area sown 527.70 11.53
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
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 India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Himachal Pradesh

SH 10.10.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.10.2 Forest Cover of Himachal Pradesh

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 3,117.60 5.60
MDF 7,280.29 13.08
OF 5,182.46 9.31
Total 15,580.35 27.99
Scrub 308.69 0.55

Figure 10.10.1 Forest Cover of Himachal Pradesh

Table 10.10.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Himachal Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
BilaspurH 1,167 22.65 165.85 185.30 373.80 32.03 2.12 3.30
ChambaH 6,522 596.72 1,221.92 637.51 2,456.15 37.66 -1.82 21.27
HamirpurH 1,118 42.41 101.95 217.17 361.53 32.34 0.00 12.40
KangraH 5,739 229.24 1,301.44 869.52 2,400.20 41.82 5.70 12.81
Kinnaur H
6,401 84.24 325.72 238.11 648.07 10.12 -0.51 61.34
KulluH
5,503 634.95 852.20 508.21 1,995.36 36.26 0.22 25.02
Lahaul & SpitiH 13,841 11.95 34.03 100.03 146.01 1.05 0.17 16.69
Mandi H
3,950 412.59 730.22 647.36 1,790.17 45.32 9.11 18.67
Shimla H
5,131 778.96 1,150.66 514.97 2,444.59 47.64 4.22 28.29
SirmaurH 2,825 238.40 646.70 530.78 1,415.88 50.12 20.46 49.60
SolanH
1,936 45.84 439.72 423.19 908.75 46.94 12.08 46.55
UnaH 1,540 19.65 309.88 310.31 639.84 41.55 2.98 12.75
Grand Total 55,673 3,117.60 7,280.29 5,182.46 15,580.35 27.99 54.73 308.69
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
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Table 10.10.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Himachal Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment
%
Change
Digitized of
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Digitized
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Division
Forest Raster
Area# Forest Forest Boundary
based*
Area
Anni 714.59 70.71 161.44 100.31 332.46 46.52 -0.06 2.49
Banjar 356.91 83.50 89.51 30.26 203.27 56.95 0.13 1.40
Bharmour 952.77 102.46 117.84 142.44 362.74 38.07 0.42 5.04
Bilaspur 1,167.39 22.05 189.43 163.18 374.66 32.09 2.05 1.91
Chamba 1,473.05 372.98 281.15 133.43 787.56 53.46 -2.03 0.87
Chamba WL 1,309.67 50.53 90.21 73.35 214.09 16.35 -0.34 5.98
Chopal 810.96 129.16 238.72 61.58 429.46 52.96 0.20 5.14
Churah 884.79 112.97 210.67 95.83 419.47 47.41 0.66 1.31
Dalhousie 714.27 100.50 277.91 80.54 458.95 64.25 0.00 0.22
Dehra 970.26 29.62 199.45 234.10 463.17 47.74 5.07 10.42
Dharamshala 1,066.49 110.46 343.63 83.08 537.17 50.37 -0.04 0.85
Excluded Area
from Majathal WL 8.80 0.00 0.35 1.78 2.13 24.20 0.01 0.21
Sanctuary
Excluded Area From
Shikari Devi WL 80.85 22.13 37.55 0.35 60.03 74.25 0.00 0.00
Sanctuary
Excluded Area From
91.51 6.25 17.87 12.00 36.12 39.47 0.73 1.78
Chail WL Sanctuary
Excluded Area
From Churdhar WL 7.92 0.28 1.05 0.56 1.89 23.86 0.13 0.00
Sanctuary
Excluded Area
From Darlaghat 13.47 0.38 2.91 1.55 4.84 35.93 -0.01 0.00
Conservation
Excluded Area From
Gamgul Siyabehi 19.13 0.77 5.60 1.27 7.64 39.94 0.00 0.37
WL Sanctuary
Excluded Area From
Kalatop Khajjiar WL 21.07 7.55 2.31 2.66 12.52 59.42 -0.02 0.00
Sanctuary
Excluded Area
From Kanawar WL 14.58 2.68 7.41 0.95 11.04 75.72 0.00 0.00
Sanctuary
Excluded Area From
71.92 0.81 1.80 7.14 9.75 13.56 0.11 0.01
Kugti WL Sanctuary
Excluded Area
From Nagru WL 5.10 2.34 0.99 0.00 3.33 65.29 0.00 0.02
Sanctuary
Excluded Area From
99.22 26.26 29.90 9.40 65.56 66.08 0.00 0.08
Nargu WL
Excluded Area From
Sechu-Tuan Nala 44.42 0.00 0.00 10.35 10.35 23.30 -0.04 0.56
WL Sanctuary
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Table 10.10.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Himachal Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment
%
Change
Digitized of
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Digitized
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Division
Forest Raster
Area# Forest Forest Boundary
based*
Area
Ghnp 980.82 58.68 96.77 40.98 196.43 20.03 0.00 2.99
Hamirpur 1,118.40 37.38 119.89 208.83 366.10 32.73 0.06 11.72
Hamirpur WL 868.13 17.84 48.15 12.76 78.75 9.07 0.00 1.63
Hamirpur WL North 230.64 0.00 1.67 2.19 3.86 1.67 0.00 0.90
Joginder Nagar 657.50 52.53 80.76 186.70 319.99 48.67 1.23 3.23
Karsog 602.12 26.63 129.24 103.46 259.33 43.07 2.14 6.12
Kinnaur 5,690.40 61.21 281.09 207.12 549.42 9.66 -0.51 53.60
Kotgarh 273.29 55.33 52.62 21.50 129.45 47.37 0.00 0.28
Kullu 1,156.62 108.61 243.88 146.91 499.40 43.18 0.00 4.04
Kullu WL 1,495.01 192.07 208.32 85.00 485.39 32.47 0.18 4.16
Kunihar 543.76 5.68 161.46 105.82 272.96 50.20 0.84 6.49
Lahaul 6,574.85 14.18 31.29 98.50 143.97 2.19 0.17 11.16
Mandi 820.26 46.30 132.00 148.43 326.73 39.83 0.42 3.25
Nachan 619.51 112.68 195.59 48.01 356.28 57.51 0.46 0.03
Nahan 518.67 21.76 182.88 175.55 380.19 73.30 7.98 1.19
Nalagarh 703.49 26.99 145.13 133.38 305.50 43.43 0.97 11.82
Nurpur 1,434.31 23.23 401.66 284.82 709.71 49.48 -0.21 1.14
Palampur 1,167.86 115.22 306.42 191.40 613.04 52.49 1.30 1.32
Pangi 1,011.19 9.86 27.41 135.36 172.63 17.07 -0.58 5.43
Paonta Sahib 481.67 77.03 143.53 52.02 272.58 56.59 1.59 0.70
Parvati 929.98 108.12 134.74 133.72 376.58 40.49 -0.03 8.29
Rajgarh 761.22 23.87 196.33 160.25 380.45 49.98 5.85 19.03
Rampur 819.42 160.87 157.56 71.89 390.32 47.63 0.25 3.70
Renuka Ji 985.89 4.73 154.94 153.72 313.39 31.79 4.72 29.39
Rohru 1,589.07 176.00 345.01 162.58 683.59 43.02 0.64 6.85
Sarahan WL 962.65 79.96 76.93 38.65 195.54 20.31 0.00 6.31
Shimla 689.80 35.80 160.19 144.97 340.96 49.43 2.43 8.15
Shimla (Urban) 18.33 0.12 7.71 2.20 10.03 54.72 0.00 0.00
Shimla WL 186.73 67.20 79.75 16.74 163.69 87.66 1.58 0.18
Solan 553.93 0.40 108.64 155.91 264.95 47.83 8.51 29.05
Spiti WL 7,366.48 0.00 0.00 2.42 2.42 0.03 0.00 4.18
Suket 920.74 22.66 115.45 148.54 286.65 31.13 4.59 8.52
Theog 670.35 101.11 132.92 48.29 282.32 42.12 0.24 0.47
Una 1,538.63 19.15 312.21 307.71 639.07 41.54 2.92 14.71
Area which does not
31.00 0.01 0.45 0.02 0.48 1.55 0.02 0.00
fall in any Division
Grand Total 55,871.86 3,117.60 7,280.29 5,182.46 15,580.35 27.89 54.73 308.69
# As per the division boundary shapefile provided by State Forest Department.
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
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Table 10.10.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Himachal Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Area as per Forest
Sl. No. Name of Urban Very Mod. Total
Digitized Open Cover w.r.t. Scrub
Local Body Dense Dense Forest
Boundary* Forest Area of
Forest Forest Cover
Digitized
Boundary
Amb Nagar
1 14.08 0.00 0.00 2.83 2.83 20.10 0.00
Panchayat
Nagar Panchayat
2 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 14.52 0.00
Anni
3 Arki 1.97 0.00 0.43 0.06 0.49 24.87 0.00
4 Baddi 7.91 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.07 0.88 0.00
5 Baijnath 7.30 0.00 0.05 0.76 0.81 11.10 0.00
Nagara Panchayat
6 0.50 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 4.00 0.00
Banjar
7 Bhota 2.48 0.66 0.20 0.09 0.95 38.31 0.00
Nagar Panchayat
8 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 7.35 0.00
Bhunter
9 Bilaspur 3.60 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 2.22 0.00
10 Chamba 3.56 0.00 0.31 0.66 0.97 27.25 0.00
11 Chirgaon 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.97 0.05
12 Chpopal 0.34 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.06 17.65 0.00
13 Chowari 2.15 0.00 0.01 0.20 0.21 9.77 0.00
14 Dalhousie 6.03 1.01 3.24 0.30 4.55 75.46 0.00
15 Daulatpur(NP) 4.79 0.00 3.25 0.00 3.25 67.85 0.00
16 Dehra 3.09 0.00 0.10 0.55 0.65 21.04 0.09
17 Dharamshala 28.36 3.36 5.49 1.96 10.81 38.12 0.00
18 Gagret(NP) 1.72 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 2.33 0.00
19 Ghumarwin 4.61 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.22 0.00
20 Hamirpur 5.79 0.00 0.00 0.66 0.66 11.40 0.00
21 Jawlamukhi 2.75 0.29 0.62 0.45 1.36 49.45 0.00
22 Joginder Nagar 2.21 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.08 3.62 0.06
23 Jubbal 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 6.90 0.00
24 Kandaghat 0.76 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 10.53 0.00
25 Kangra 2.60 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.60 23.08 0.00
26 Karsog 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 4.60 0.00
27 Kotkhai 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.16 28.57 0.00
Municipal Council
28 2.71 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.25 9.23 0.00
Kullu
Municipal Council
29 1.85 0.68 0.03 0.00 0.71 38.38 0.00
Manali
30 Mandi 26.03 0.00 0.09 5.48 5.57 21.40 0.00
Mehatpur
31 3.30 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.30 0.00
Basdehra
32 Nadaun 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 4.88 0.00
33 Nagrota Bagwan 1.59 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 6.29 0.00
34 Nahan 10.56 0.00 3.27 3.90 7.17 67.90 0.00
35 Nalagarh 1.98 0.03 0.46 0.06 0.55 27.78 0.00
36 Narkanda 0.42 0.06 0.05 0.00 0.11 26.19 0.00
102

37 Nerchowk 6.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Himachal Pradesh

Table 10.10.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Himachal Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Area as per Forest
Sl. No. Name of Urban Very Mod. Total
Digitized Open Cover w.r.t. Scrub
Local Body Dense Dense Forest
Boundary* Forest Area of
Forest Forest Cover
Digitized
Boundary
38 Nerwa 0.63 0.00 0.03 0.07 0.10 15.87 0.00
Nagar Panchayat
39 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Nirmand
40 Nurpur 3.95 0.00 0.00 1.10 1.10 27.85 0.00
41 Parwanoo 1.83 0.00 0.03 0.16 0.19 10.38 0.00
42 Poanta Sahib 5.96 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 1.51 0.00
43 Rajgarh 1.27 0.00 0.10 0.13 0.23 18.11 0.00
44 Rampur 3.35 0.00 0.00 1.12 1.12 33.43 0.00
45 Rewalsar 0.63 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 4.76 0.00
46 Rohru 1.40 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 4.29 0.05
47 Santokhgarh 6.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10
48 Sarkaghat 3.79 0.00 0.00 1.38 1.38 36.41 0.02
49 Shahpur 6.34 0.00 0.76 0.62 1.38 21.77 0.00
50 Naina Devi Ji 0.70 0.00 0.24 0.09 0.33 47.14 0.00
51 Solan 11.94 0.00 0.32 1.36 1.68 14.07 0.19
52 Sujanpur 2.43 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 1.65 0.00
53 Sundernagar 10.31 0.00 0.00 0.96 0.96 9.31 0.00
54 Sunni 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 2.30 0.13
55 Tahliwal 7.56 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.40 0.18
56 Talai 3.00 0.21 0.70 0.02 0.93 31.00 0.00
57 Theog 1.19 0.03 0.15 0.00 0.18 15.13 0.00
58 UNA(MC) 4.70 0.00 0.02 0.08 0.10 2.13 0.00
59 Jawali 3.69 0.00 0.00 0.46 0.46 12.47 0.00
60 Palampur 28.81 0.00 1.47 9.13 10.60 36.79 0.00
61 Shimla (MC) 27.80 0.29 11.11 2.10 13.50 48.56 0.00
Grand Total 307.88 6.69 32.57 38.76 78.02 25.34 0.87
*Shapefile of digitized boundary as provided by Directorate of Urban Development.

10.10.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.
Table 10.10.6 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Himachal Pradesh
( km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
2,791.82 5,431.88 2,483.27 325.78 1,848.41 2,699.19
10,706.97 4,873.38
26.08% 50.73% 23.19% 6.68% 37.93% 55.39%
103

*In case of Himachal Pradesh, Green Wash boundaries have been used.

Forest Survey of India

 HIMACHAL PRADESH

Figure 10.10.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of Green Wash in Himachal Pradesh

Table 10.10.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Himachal
Pradesh between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 2,469.05 366.83 0.00 0.00 0.05 2,835.93
MDF 322.77 4,889.37 183.33 0.00 0.32 5,395.79
OF 0.00 175.68 2,263.25 0.00 1.25 2,440.18
Scrub 0.00 0.00 7.31 56.83 0.15 64.29
NF 0.00 0.00 29.38 0.18 3,259.23 3,288.79
Total ISFR
2023 inside 2,791.82 5,431.88 2,483.27 57.01 3,261.00 14,024.98
RFA /GW
Net Change -44.11 36.09 43.09 -7.28 -27.79
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.10.8 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for

Himachal Pradesh between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 303.74 58.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 361.75
MDF 22.04 1,710.13 96.00 0.00 0.39 1,828.56
OF 0.00 80.28 2,579.52 0.38 3.23 2,663.41
Scrub 0.00 0.00 19.73 247.58 1.23 268.54
NF 0.00 0.00 3.94 3.72 36,518.10 36,525.76
Total ISFR
2023 outside 325.78 1,848.41 2,699.19 251.68 36,522.96 41,468.02
RFA/GW
Net Change -35.97 19.85 35.78 -16.86 -2.80
104

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Himachal Pradesh

Table 10.10.9 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Himachal Pradesh

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 2,980 68.88 335.39 433.81 838.08 16.75
500-1000 7,615 324.28 1,579.56 1,717.23 3,621.07 55.93
1000-2000 9,285 420.80 1,848.26 1,636.30 3,905.36 107.91
2000-3000 7,745 1,926.22 2,457.36 688.94 5,072.52 24.46
3000-4000 6,943 377.41 1,057.41 687.30 2,122.12 94.26
> 4000 2,1105 0.01 2.31 18.88 21.20 9.38
Total 55,673 3,117.60 7,280.29 5,182.46 15,580.35 308.69
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.10.10 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in

Himachal Pradesh
(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 6,351 134.77 437.84 603.56 1,176.17 26.41
5-10 5,614 212.76 741.65 717.11 1,671.52 25.11
10-15 6,416 325.91 941.26 725.02 1,992.19 33.02
15-20 7,268 439.48 1,066.73 721.28 2,227.49 40.93
20-25 7,577 496.88 1,097.07 677.78 2,271.73 46.03
25-30 7,230 493.93 1,038.49 600.43 2,132.85 45.54
>30 15,217 1,013.87 1,957.25 1,137.28 4,108.40 91.65
Total 55,673 3,117.60 7,280.29 5,182.46 15,580.35 308.69
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Figure 10.10.3 Forest Cover Map of Himachal Pradesh

105

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 HIMACHAL PRADESH

10.10.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Himachal Pradesh (as per the Champion & Seth Forest
Classification, 1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following
table.
Table 10.10.11 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in
Himachal Pradesh
(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 3C/C2b(i) Bhabar-dun sal 210.65 1.03
2 5B/C1a Dry Siwalik sal forest 96.99 0.47
3 5B/C2 Northern dry mixed deciduous forest 2,604.66 12.75
4 5/DS1 Dry deciduous scrub 137.34 0.67
5 5/DS3 Euphorbia scrub 5.20 0.03
6 5/E9 Dry bamboo brakes 75.94 0.37
7 5/1S2 Khair-sissu forest 1.26 0.01
8 9/C1a Lower or Siwalik chir pine forest 1,532.58 7.50
9 9/C1b Upper or Himalayan chir pine forest 1,414.32 6.93
10 9/C1/DS1 Himalayan subtropical scrub 69.94 0.34
11 12/C1a Ban oak forest (Q. incana) 821.92 4.02
12 12/C1b Moru oak forest (Q. dilatata) 11.91 0.06
13 12/C1c Moist deodar forest (Cedrus) 2,168.03 10.62
12/C1d Western mixed coniferous forest (spruce, blue pine, silver
14 2,902.25 14.21
fir)
15 12/C1e Moist temperate deciduous forest 102.96 0.50
16 12/C1f Low-level blue pine forest (P. wallichiana) 450.63 2.21
17 12/C1/DS1 Oak scrub 219.09 1.07
18 12/C1/DS2 Himalayan temperate secondary scrub 117.95 0.58
19 12/C2a Kharsu oak forest (Q. semecarpifolia) 151.23 0.74
20 12/C2b West Himalayan upper oak/fir forest 139.98 0.69
21 12/DS1 Montane bamboo brakes 11.40 0.06
22 12/E1Cypress forest 9.14 0.04
23 12/1S1Alder forest 3.84 0.02
13/C1 Dry broadleaved and coniferous forest (Q. ilex-P.
24 6.86 0.03
gerardiana)
25 13/C2a Neoza pine forest (P. gerardiana) 126.11 0.62
26 13/C2b Dry deodar forest (Cedrus) 224.40 1.10
27 13/C3 West Himalayan dry temperate deciduous forest 0.08 0.00
13/C4 West Himalayan high-level dry blue pine forest (P.
28 65.44 0.32
wallichiana)
29 13/C5 West Himalayan dry juniper forest (J. macropoda) 55.43 0.27
30 13/1S2 Populus/Salix forest 3.64 0.02
31 14/C1a West Himalayan sub-alpine fir forest 112.02 0.55
32 14/C1b West Himalayan sub-alpine birch/fir forest 508.67 2.49
33 15/C1 Birch/Rhododendron scrub forest 37.37 0.18
106

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Table 10.10.11 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in

Himachal Pradesh
(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
34 15/C2 Deciduous alpine scrub 4.82 0.02
35 15/E1 Dwarf Rhododendron scrub 1.58 0.01
36 16/C1 Dry alpine scrub 108.74 0.53
37 16/E1 Dwarf juniper scrub 163.06 0.80
Sub Total 14,677.43 71.86
38 TOF/ Plantation 1,211.61 5.93
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 15,889.04 77.79
Grassland Forest Types (outside forest cover)
39 12/DS3 Himalayan temperate pastures 914.50 4.49
40 15/C3 Alpine pastures 3,619.78 17.72
Sub Total 4,534.28 22.21
Grand Total 20,423.32 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). Grassland forest types outside forest cover have also been mapped. The total
mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover, scrub and grassland forest types (found in non-forest).

10.10.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.10.12 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Bilaspur 10 428
2 Chamba 31 784
3 Hamirpur 23 507
4 Kangra 32 1,547
5 Kinnaur 23 121
6 Kullu 147 764
7 Lahaul & Spiti 0 4
8 Mandi 128 1,167
9 Shimla 199 1,823
10 Sirmaur 45 1,055
11 Solan 19 1,078
12 Una 47 858
Total 704 10,136
107

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 HIMACHAL PRADESH

10.10.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.10.13 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover

1 Extremely fire prone 0.00 0.00

2 Very highly fire prone 69.77 0.44
3 Highly fire prone 1,100.12 6.92
4 Moderately fire prone 2,545.35 16.02
5 Less fire prone 12,173.80 76.62
Total 15,889.04 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.

Figure 10.10.4 Fire

Prone Forest Areas
under Different Fire
Prone Classes

10.10.6 Results Derived from NFI for Himachal Pradesh

Table 10.10.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Quercus leucotrichophora 83,194 17.55

2 Pinus roxburghii 81,563 37.98
3 Cedrus deodara 45,851 36.95
4 Pinus wallichiana/ Pinus excelsa 38,713 35.74
5 Mallotus philippensis 37,987 2.11
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Table 10.10.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Pinus roxburghii/ Pinus longifolia 26,934 7.908

2 Grewia optiva/ Grewia oppositifolia 17,617 1.308
3 Pyrus species 15,405 0.287
4 Acacia catechu/ Senegalia catechu 11,853 0.784
5 Mallotus philippensis 10,610 0.630

Table 10.10.16 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Grewia optiva/ Grewia oppositifolia 239 0.017

2 Pinus roxburghii 166 0.057
3 Morus species 141 0.012
4 Leucaena leucocephala 128 0.011
5 Acacia catechu/ Senegalia catechu 105 0.012

Table 10.10.17 Major NTFP Species in Himachal Pradesh

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)

1 Acacia catechu/ Senegalia catechu Tree 3,62,736

2 Pinus wallichiana/ Pinus excelsa Tree 38,713
3 Berberis aristata Shrubs 92,47,067
4 Skimmia laureola Shrubs 10,99,580
5 Zanthoxylum armatum Shrubs 3,70,943
6 Bauhinia vahlii/ Phanera vahlii Climbers 25,64,214
7 Tinospora cordifolia Climbers 1,97,247
8 Trillidium govanianum/ Trillium govanianum Herbs 4,80,97,498
9 Aconitum heterophyllum Herbs 1,78,13,888
10 Jurinea dolomiaea/ Dolomiaea macrocephala Herbs 71,25,555

Table 10.10.18 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA in
Himachal Pradesh
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)

1 Lantana camara 3,252.82

2 Ageratum conyzoides 331.71
3 Ageratum houstonianum 289.28
4 Ageratina adenophora 118.28
5 Saccharum spontaneum 78.43
109

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 10.11
JHARKHAND
JHARKHAND
Geographical Area
79,716 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 22◦00’ N to 24◦37’ N
Longitude 83◦15’ E to 87◦01’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
32.99 million
Urban 7.93 million (24.05 %)
Rural 25.06 million (75.95 %)
Tribal 8.65 million (26.21 %)
Average Population Density
414 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
18.05 million
No. of Districts
24
No. of Hill Districts
0
No. of Tribal Districts
17

Table 10.11.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 7,972
Reporting area for land utilization 7,970.08 100.00
Forests 2,239.48 28.10
Not available for land cultivation 1,275.84 16.01
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 131.13 1.64
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 126.18 1.58
Culturable wasteland 382.44 4.80
Fallow land other than current fallows 1,068.00 13.40
Current fallows 1,368.44 17.17
Net area sown 1,378.57 17.30
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
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10.11.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.11.2 Forest Cover of Jharkhand

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 2,635.35 3.31
MDF 9,640.99 12.09
OF 11,489.44 14.41
Total 23,765.78 29.81
Scrub 558.32 0.70

Figure 10.11.1 Forest Cover of Jharkhand

Table 10.11.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Jharkhand

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Bokaro 2,883 59.04 231.40 281.97 572.41 19.85 2.33 29.09
Chatra 3,718 254.32 838.17 706.90 1,799.39 48.40 -15.23 34.45
Deoghar 2,477 0.03 13.18 192.45 205.66 8.30 0.38 13.94
Dhanbad 2,040 0.00 43.62 177.58 221.20 10.84 2.19 14.13
Dumka 3,761 0.02 252.54 336.28 588.84 15.66 11.34 31.00
East Singhbhum 3,562 53.52 587.20 428.26 1,068.98 30.01 -3.43 22.79
Garhwa 4,093 129.75 419.54 906.31 1,455.60 35.56 22.93 41.54
Giridih 4,962 77.20 333.39 489.61 900.20 18.14 0.77 31.07
Godda 2,266 13.52 275.09 141.87 430.48 19.00 1.62 13.56
Gumla 5,360 308.47 587.15 559.79 1,455.41 27.15 5.50 7.75
Hazaribagh 3,555 233.20 467.06 941.28 1,641.54 46.18 4.33 21.62
Jamtara 1,811 0.00 20.28 87.21 107.49 5.94 1.09 4.00
Khunti 2,535 77.18 358.61 515.92 951.71 37.54 0.92 4.05
Kodarma 2,540 76.98 359.87 258.89 695.74 27.39 -1.79 7.83
Latehar 4,291 485.48 1,291.23 606.49 2,383.20 55.54 -2.37 7.39
Lohardaga 1,502 170.65 219.34 113.18 503.17 33.50 0.82 5.44
Pakur 1,811 2.83 168.77 114.53 286.13 15.80 1.08 21.87
Palamu 4,393 68.02 544.14 605.76 1,217.92 27.72 6.33 82.92
Ramgarh 1,341 31.18 113.29 197.09 341.56 25.47 1.10 15.20
Ranchi 5,097 63.57 349.76 727.13 1,140.46 22.38 4.58 21.52
Sahibganj 2,063 18.12 262.43 311.90 592.45 28.72 0.08 57.16
Saraikela
2,657 22.47 213.75 345.82 582.04 21.91 3.09 18.09
Kharsawan
Simdega 3,774 22.37 342.69 881.45 1,246.51 33.03 -3.51 17.57
West Singhbhum 7,224 467.43 1,348.49 1,561.77 3,377.69 46.76 14.66 34.34
Grand Total 79,716 2,635.35 9,640.99 11,489.44 23,765.78 29.81 58.81 558.32
111

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

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 JHARKHAND

Table 10.11.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Jharkhand

(km2)
2023 Assessment
%
Change
Digitized of
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Digitized
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Division
Forest Raster
Area# Forest Forest Boundary
based*
Area
Bokaro 2,686.78 42.01 195.35 250.61 487.97 18.16 2.14 27.29
Chaibasa 2,846.32 1.80 185.70 471.67 659.17 23.16 4.30 11.13
Chatra North 1,472.96 58.29 375.66 291.14 725.09 49.23 -19.14 11.34
Chatra South 1,925.06 128.95 331.85 378.57 839.37 43.60 -0.48 9.55
Deoghar 2,468.45 0.00 13.73 190.19 203.92 8.26 0.44 12.56
Dhalbhum 3,253.39 36.80 490.93 379.34 907.07 27.88 -3.66 18.09
Dhanbad 2,023.38 0.00 43.30 167.19 210.49 10.40 0.76 15.57
Dumka 3,735.27 0.02 253.61 329.33 582.96 15.61 8.95 34.82
Elephant Sanctuary
411.66 27.82 132.19 65.32 225.33 54.74 0.00 4.01
Dalma
Garhwa North 2,445.14 39.89 54.40 417.03 511.32 20.91 11.58 35.59
Garhwa South 1,487.37 35.26 266.75 485.72 787.73 52.96 2.44 5.15
Giridih East 3,089.69 76.05 275.68 351.87 703.60 22.77 -0.32 16.16
Giridih West 1,205.94 0.07 24.64 48.43 73.14 6.06 -0.47 8.58
Godda 2,223.51 12.16 262.91 132.79 407.86 18.34 1.53 13.39
Gumla 4,203.24 191.82 330.86 402.33 925.01 22.01 2.19 6.97
Hazaribag East 1,717.11 85.72 169.88 277.29 532.89 31.03 -0.06 4.00
Hazaribag West 2,768.79 116.67 240.66 595.39 952.72 34.41 -0.79 18.04
Hazaribag WL 1,019.45 135.06 340.23 247.50 722.79 70.90 -1.24 3.75
Jamtara 1,794.22 0.00 20.11 85.27 105.38 5.87 0.72 4.63
Khunti 3,943.36 80.83 447.30 690.59 1,218.72 30.91 0.49 16.72
Koderma 1,439.24 53.49 270.87 212.98 537.34 37.33 -2.11 6.42
Kolhan 1,123.00 34.28 329.12 372.64 736.04 65.54 3.01 13.03
Latehar 2,700.30 160.66 745.30 377.58 1,283.54 47.53 -3.07 6.31
Lohardaga 1,878.08 225.99 345.49 147.30 718.78 38.27 0.67 4.78
Medani Nagar 4,302.48 65.50 521.59 571.45 1,158.54 26.93 2.36 80.73
Pakur 1,806.53 2.84 176.82 117.88 297.54 16.47 1.06 22.06
Porahat 2,277.39 134.69 454.56 586.50 1,175.75 51.63 2.28 14.72
PTR Buffer 1,168.51 303.40 329.31 190.36 823.07 70.44 0.00 0.91
PTR Core 807.14 129.27 386.28 97.49 613.04 75.95 0.00 0.00
Ramgarh 1,630.38 35.87 124.98 250.84 411.69 25.25 1.09 16.46
Ranchi 3,681.33 57.20 258.41 544.16 859.77 23.35 2.27 13.14
Ranchi WL 587.42 7.40 67.63 91.84 166.87 28.41 0.03 1.09
Sahibganj 2,021.65 19.72 267.67 317.45 604.84 29.92 0.16 58.40
Saraikela 2,513.85 11.82 178.69 330.63 521.14 20.73 2.45 18.35
Saranda 952.24 297.36 379.31 124.60 801.27 84.15 -0.22 4.82
Simdega 3,755.14 22.03 337.17 877.95 1,237.15 32.95 -5.70 17.57
Area which Does
not fall in any 364.91 4.61 12.05 20.22 36.88 10.11 0.05 2.19
division
Grand Total 79,730.68 2,635.35 9,640.99 11,489.44 23,765.78 29.81 13.71 558.32
#As per the division boundary shapefile provided by State Forest Department.
112

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2)

Table 10.11.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Jharkhand

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
1 Dhanbad 227.28 0.00 0.73 6.90 7.63 3.36 0.38
2 Jamshedpur 219.55 0.00 5.05 6.58 11.63 5.30 0.11
3 Deoghar 161.33 0.00 0.06 11.45 11.51 7.13 0.00
4 Ramgarh 138.17 0.70 5.42 14.30 20.42 14.78 4.11
5 Chas 83.37 0.00 0.00 1.06 1.06 1.27 0.59
6 Vishrampur 58.39 0.00 0.19 6.72 6.91 11.83 1.69
7 Jumritelaiya 51.13 0.06 2.39 12.78 15.23 29.79 0.08
8 Simdega 40.38 0.00 0.05 1.11 1.16 2.87 0.08
9 Chhatarpur 30.18 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.21 0.70 0.00
10 Manjhiyaon 27.62 0.00 0.00 0.91 0.91 3.29 0.62
11 Khunti 26.60 0.00 0.06 0.92 0.98 3.68 0.00
12 Lohardaga 23.24 0.00 0.11 0.04 0.15 0.65 0.00
13 Medininagar 23.20 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.22 0.95 0.00
14 Nagar Untari 20.77 0.00 0.34 1.65 1.99 9.58 0.00
15 Hazaribag 19.33 0.00 0.13 0.67 0.80 4.14 0.00
16 Phusro 19.28 0.00 0.45 3.41 3.86 20.02 0.01
17 Chakuliya 19.16 0.00 0.67 3.61 4.28 22.34 0.39
18 Basukainath 17.12 0.00 0.16 0.06 0.22 1.29 0.00
19 Giridih 16.47 0.00 0.11 1.35 1.46 8.86 0.00
20 Kodarma 14.96 0.14 1.63 6.54 8.31 55.55 0.00
21 Latehar 14.46 0.00 0.41 0.35 0.76 5.26 0.00
22 Jamtara 14.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.29 0.00
23 Dumka 13.34 0.00 0.83 0.47 1.30 9.75 0.00
24 Chatra 13.12 0.00 0.02 1.43 1.45 11.05 0.00
25 Hussainabad 12.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
26 Garhwa 12.63 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.16 0.28
27 Gumla 12.31 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.89 0.00
28 Mihijam 12.17 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.25 0.00
29 Chakradharpur 9.90 0.00 0.00 1.46 1.46 14.75 0.00
30 Pakur 8.92 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.45 0.00
31 Godda 8.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
32 Madhupur 8.14 0.00 0.01 1.26 1.27 15.60 0.00
33 Kapali 7.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
34 Seraikela 6.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
35 Chirkunda 6.52 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.20 3.07 0.00
36 Sahibganj 5.14 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.14 2.72 0.00
37 Chaibasa 4.40 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.07 1.59 0.00
38 Rajmahal 4.42 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.23 5.20 0.00
Grand Total 1,412.64 0.90 18.82 86.34 106.06 7.51 8.34
*Shapefile of digitized boundary as provided by Urban Development & Housing Department.
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10.11.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.11.6 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Jharkhand
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
1,447.53 5,261.05 5,793.95 1,187.82 4,379.94 5,695.49
12,502.53 11,263.25
11.58% 42.08% 46.34% 10.54% 38.89% 50.57%
*In case of Jharkhand, RFA boundaries have been used.

Figure 10.11.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Jharkhand

Table 10.11.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix inside RFA/GW for
Jharkhand between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 1,443.53 0.58 0.06 0.27 0.49 1,444.93
MDF 3.95 5,250.61 0.80 0.42 5.10 5,260.88
OF 0.05 8.09 5,694.56 22.52 18.78 5,744.00
Scrub 0.00 0.24 55.95 226.50 5.28 287.97
NF 0.00 1.53 42.58 2.48 6,312.15 6,358.74
Total ISFR
2023 inside 1,447.53 5,261.05 5,793.95 252.19 6,341.80 19,096.52
RFA/GW
114

Net Change 2.60 0.17 49.95 -35.78 -16.94

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Forest Survey of India
India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Jharkhand

Table 10.11.8 Forest Cover Change Matrix outside RFA/GW for

Jharkhand between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 1,182.44 0.07 0.01 0.06 0.80 1,183.38
MDF 5.36 4,366.85 0.36 0.36 7.95 4,380.88
OF 0.02 11.64 5,639.44 8.14 33.66 5,692.90
Scrub 0.00 0.40 25.06 287.33 6.55 319.34
NF 0.00 0.98 30.62 10.24 49,001.14 49,042.98
Total ISFR
2023 outside 1,187.82 4,379.94 5,695.49 306.13 49,050.10 60,619.48
RFA/GW
Net Change 4.44 -0.94 2.59 -13.21 7.12
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.11.9 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Jharkhand

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 61,272 1,069.69 6,670.64 8,461.18 16,201.51 530.25
500-1000 18,051 1,499.42 2,843.43 2,989.98 7,332.83 27.67
1000-2000 393 66.24 126.92 38.28 231.44 0.40
Total 79,716 2,635.35 9,640.99 11,489.44 23,765.78 558.32
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.11.10 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Jharkhand

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 65,120 1,222.03 4,726.39 6,927.89 12,876.31 327.79
5-10 8,083 687.55 2,245.60 2,240.78 5,173.93 102.53
10-15 3,260 390.09 1,272.05 1,111.02 2,773.16 56.60
15-20 1,790 205.94 755.78 643.93 1,605.65 35.35
20-25 915 88.10 395.47 352.64 836.21 21.63
25-30 390 30.51 169.96 156.77 357.24 10.52
>30 158 11.13 75.74 56.41 143.28 3.90
Total 79,716 2,635.35 9,640.99 11,489.44 23,765.78 558.32
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
115

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 JHARKHAND

Figure 10.11.3 Forest Cover Map of Jharkhand

116

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Jharkhand

10.11.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Jharkhand (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification,
1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.11.11 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Jharkhand

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 3C/C2e (ii) Moist peninsular low level sal 573.13 2.35
2 3C/C2e (iii) Moist peninsular valley sal 65.09 0.27
3 5B/C1c Dry peninsular sal forest 13,183.65 54.20
4 5B/C2 Northern dry mixed deciduous forest 8,308.01 34.16
5 5/DS1 Dry deciduous scrub 779.20 3.20
6 5/E2 Boswellia forest 11.62 0.05
7 5/E5 Butea forest 1.08 0.00
8 5/E9 Dry bamboo brakes 137.95 0.57
Sub Total 23,059.73 94.80
9 TOF/ Plantation 1,264.37 5.20
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 24,324.10 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). The total mapped areas, therefore, is sum of forest cover and scrub.

10.11.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.11.12 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Bokaro 458 242
2 Chatra 489 329
3 Deoghar 28 31
4 Dhanbad 204 176
5 Dumka 420 246
6 East Singhbhum 977 407
7 Garhwa 225 284
8 Giridih 361 231
9 Godda 451 306
10 Gumla 468 260
11 Hazaribagh 682 513
12 Jamtara 32 22
13 Khunti 198 73
14 Kodarma 407 278
15 Latehar 802 710
117

16 Lohardaga 281 135

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 JHARKHAND

Table 10.11.12 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
17 Pakur 180 63
18 Palamu 305 271
19 Ramgarh 320 238
20 Ranchi 480 252
21 Sahibganj 468 278
22 Saraikela Kharsawan 287 318
23 Simdega 542 27
24 West Singhbhum 2,858 1,835
Total 11,923 7,525

10.11.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.11.13 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover

1 Extremely fire prone 109.46 0.45

2 Very highly fire prone 2,756.20 11.33
3 Highly fire prone 6,926.56 28.48
4 Moderately fire prone 5,948.19 24.45
5 Less fire prone 8,583.69 35.29
Total 24,324.10 100.00
* Forest Cover including Scrub.
118

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 India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Jharkhand

Figure 10.11.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

10.11.6 Results Derived from NFI for Jharkhand

Table 10.11.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 species
in RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Shorea robusta 2,21,383 48.95

2 Buchanania lanzan/ Buchanania latifolia 25,799 2.46
3 Terminalia elliptica/ Terminalia crenulata 25,190 6.26
4 Anogeissus latifolia/ Terminalia anogeissiana 22,574 3.65
5 Madhuca longifolia/ M. latifolia/ M. indica 19,403 6.86

Table 10.11.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Butea monosperma 24,975 4.867

2 Acacia auriculiformis 24,665 0.723
3 Shorea robusta 22,817 8.666
4 Mangifera indica 14,974 13.449
5 Phoenix sylvestris 10,238 1.865
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Table 10.11.16 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Mangifera indica 1,091 0.578

2 Azadirachta indica 888 0.285
3 Moringa species 862 0.125
4 Psidium guajava 656 0.029
5 Cassia siamea/ Senna siamea 654 0.118

Table 10.11.17 Major NTFP species in Jharkhand

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)

1 Shorea robusta Tree 1,09,04,901

2 Diospyros melanoxylon Tree 38,82,847
3 Buchanania Lanzan Tree 11,19,332
4 Syzygium cumini Tree 3,15,476
5 Butea monosperma Tree 3,09,100
6 Woodfordia fruticosa Shrubs 34,06,100
7 Asparagus racemosus Climbers 20,11,476
8 Embelia ribes Climbers 2,79,372
9 Andrographis paniculata Herbs 5,57,47,956
10 Rauvolfia serpentina Herbs 42,29,155

Table 10.11.18 Major Invasive Species in the State inside the RFA in
Jharkhand
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)

1 Lantana camara 1,912.27

2 Chromolaena odorata 887.52
3 Cassia tora/ Senna tora 92.17
4 Ageratum conyzoides 58.03
5 Mikania micrantha 41.65
120

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Photo: FSI Repository
 10.12
KARNATAKA
KARNATAKA
Geographical Area
1,91,791 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 11◦30’ N to 18◦30’ N
Longitude 74◦00’ E to 78◦30’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
61.10 million
Urban 23.63 million (38.67 %)
Rural 37.47 million (61.33 %)
Tribal 4.25 million (6.96 %)
Average Population Density
319 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
27.70 million
No. of Districts
30
No. of Hill Districts
6
No. of Tribal Districts
5

Table 10.12.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 19,179
Reporting area for land utilization 19,050.07 100.00
Forests 3,073.62 16.13
Not available for land cultivation 2,266.43 11.90
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 873.53 4.59
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 211.42 1.11
Culturable wasteland 394.32 2.07
Fallow land other than current fallows 386.32 2.03
Current fallows 678.40 3.56
Net area sown 11,166.03 58.61
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
122

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Karnataka

10.12.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.12.2 Forest Cover of Karnataka

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 4,537.79 2.37
MDF 21,151.75 11.03
OF 13,564.73 7.07
Total 39,254.27 20.47
Scrub 4,513.15 2.35

Figure 10.12.1 Forest Cover of Karnataka

Table 10.12.3 District-wise Forest Cover in Karnataka

(km2)
2023 Assessment % of Change
Calculated Calcu- w.r.t.
Very Mod.
District Area by Open lated 2021 Scrub
Dense Dense Total
SoI Forest Area Raster
Forest Forest
by SoI based*
Bagalkot 6,552 0.00 19.32 244.24 263.56 4.02 2.23 390.29
Ballari 8,461 0.00 109.10 618.52 727.62 8.60 -2.81 477.91
BelagaviH 13,433 35.30 724.61 394.38 1,154.29 8.59 4.75 666.12
Bengaluru 2,196 0.00 25.65 258.63 284.28 12.95 -0.56 24.09
Bengaluru Rural 2,298 0.00 22.92 121.00 143.92 6.26 -5.51 12.25
Bidar 5,448 0.00 21.81 79.81 101.62 1.87 1.58 47.41
Chamarajanagar 5,648 93.00 1,517.81 1,121.00 2,731.81 48.37 17.28 125.27
ChikkamagaluruH 7,202 900.78 2,609.11 548.07 4,057.96 56.34 22.27 76.72
Chikkballapura 4,244 0.00 19.58 258.61 278.19 6.55 1.57 181.51
Chitradurga 8,436 0.00 47.29 570.90 618.19 7.33 10.50 578.94
Dakshina Kannada H
4,861 546.31 1,605.51 1,149.57 3,301.39 67.92 3.03 2.69
Davanagere 5,924 10.63 163.52 533.89 708.04 11.95 3.42 303.34
Dharwad 4,260 0.00 223.91 158.64 382.55 8.98 3.88 3.84
Gadag 4,657 0.00 0.58 140.59 141.17 3.03 0.23 119.04
Hassan 6,814 147.24 785.19 572.74 1,505.17 22.09 4.16 71.75
Haveri 4,823 0.00 145.88 212.70 358.58 7.43 9.51 94.84
Kalaburagi 10,954 0.00 91.83 104.04 195.87 1.79 2.67 39.39
Kodagu H
4,102 788.51 1,871.04 574.56 3,234.11 78.84 6.98 0.87
Kolar 3,979 0.00 57.63 339.55 397.18 9.98 7.36 66.88
Koppal 5,570 0.00 0.47 36.41 36.88 0.66 1.19 167.24
Mandya 4,962 0.01 109.64 432.04 541.69 10.92 1.19 105.46
Mysuru 6,307 121.21 573.10 348.75 1,043.06 16.54 12.51 34.34
Raichur 8,442 0.00 1.08 47.30 48.38 0.57 1.05 189.06
Ramanagara 3,516 0.00 196.15 494.50 690.65 19.64 12.93 170.11
ShivamoggaH 8,478 495.44 2,870.65 925.34 4,291.43 50.62 10.65 21.27
Tumakuru 10,597 0.00 73.43 1,347.47 1,420.90 13.41 13.08 399.50
Udupi 3,582 232.84 1,385.61 661.20 2,279.65 63.64 -4.04 0.00
Uttara KannadaH 10,277 1,166.52 5,861.39 1,115.62 8,143.53 79.24 7.00 3.26
Vijayapura 10,498 0.00 0.68 25.45 26.13 0.25 -0.43 7.81
Yadgir 5,270 0.00 17.26 129.21 146.47 2.78 0.03 131.95
123

Grand Total 1,91,791 4,537.79 21,151.75 13,564.73 39,254.27 20.47 147.70 4,513.15
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Forest Survey of India
 KARNATAKA

Table 10.12.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Karnataka

(km2)
2023 Assessment
%
Change
Digitized of
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Digitized
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Division
Forest Raster
Area# Forest Forest Bound-
based*
ary Area
Adichunchanagri
0.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Peacock Sanctuary
Anshi National Park 17.52 3.70 12.19 1.15 17.04 97.26 1.22 0.00
Anshi NP/Dandeli 894.45 192.65 606.64 49.16 848.45 94.86 0.00 0.46
Arabhithittu WLS 16.91 0.00 0.66 14.39 15.05 89.00 0.05 0.13
Attiveri Bird
2.27 0.00 0.88 0.00 0.88 38.77 0.00 0.00
Sanctuary
Bagalkote 6,570.21 0.00 19.25 246.53 265.78 4.05 2.32 434.49
Bandipur NP 868.68 63.73 450.84 311.66 826.23 95.11 -0.60 5.17
Bangalore Urban 2,161.83 0.00 15.92 113.40 129.32 5.98 -0.89 18.85
Bangalore Rural 2,336.19 0.00 26.77 255.31 282.08 12.07 -5.58 12.25
Bannerghatta
103.52 0.00 24.09 48.53 72.62 70.15 1.00 6.45
Wildlife
Belgaum 4,504.83 34.55 721.13 339.54 1,095.22 24.31 2.84 223.33
Bellary 8,405.73 0.00 108.78 613.39 722.17 8.59 -2.62 445.94
Bhadra WLS 455.02 219.25 183.16 3.68 406.09 89.25 0.00 0.00
Bhadravathi 3,696.92 67.60 570.30 613.38 1,251.28 33.85 25.29 73.56
Bidar 5,818.79 0.00 21.82 86.06 107.88 1.85 3.11 52.43
Bijapur 10,495.30 0.00 0.93 26.56 27.49 0.26 -0.05 10.61
Biligiri Ranganatha
1,803.93 22.00 424.38 154.24 600.62 33.30 3.42 22.82
Swamy temple WLS
Bramhagiri WLS 180.46 96.38 52.46 9.41 158.25 87.69 2.43 0.04
Cauvery WLS 579.57 0.94 306.99 214.13 522.06 90.08 0.37 10.90
Chikballapur 3,580.10 0.00 14.57 201.16 215.73 6.03 3.46 168.62
Chikmagalur 3,199.01 170.01 983.17 257.46 1,410.64 44.10 2.72 64.11
Chitradurga 8,264.61 0.00 45.49 553.65 599.14 7.25 10.52 556.75
Daroji WLS 50.48 0.00 0.03 4.98 5.01 9.92 0.02 38.59
Davanagere 4,533.94 0.00 23.43 295.81 319.24 7.04 2.29 266.22
Dharwad 5,321.26 0.00 290.95 185.21 476.16 8.95 2.50 9.61
Gadag 4,652.68 0.00 0.59 140.69 141.28 3.04 0.21 129.98
Ghata Prabha Bird
14.22 0.00 0.29 0.44 0.73 5.13 -0.14 0.05
Sanctuary
Gokak 8,887.38 0.00 0.88 54.39 55.27 0.62 2.15 467.28
Gudavi Bird
0.60 0.00 0.33 0.03 0.36 60.00 0.00 0.00
Sanctuary
Gulbarga 9,629.76 0.00 90.40 79.87 170.27 1.77 0.40 30.99
Haliyal 1,491.49 35.88 909.83 106.83 1,052.54 70.57 1.27 2.02
Hassan 6,819.30 147.24 785.19 572.74 1,505.17 22.07 2.03 73.90
Haveri 3,652.16 0.00 70.98 111.50 182.48 5.00 6.02 69.64
Honnavar 1,921.89 313.16 900.08 242.07 1,455.31 75.72 2.04 1.32
Hunsur 2,194.14 3.87 77.52 80.93 162.32 7.40 10.18 11.71
124

Karwar 1,780.64 274.78 898.19 215.88 1,388.85 78.00 -2.22 0.15

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Karnataka

Table 10.12.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Karnataka

(km2)
2023 Assessment
%
Change
Digitized of
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Digitized
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Division
Forest Raster
Area# Forest Forest Bound-
based*
ary Area
Kolar 4,668.45 0.00 59.67 399.84 459.51 9.84 5.77 76.39
Kollegal 2,880.42 33.92 603.26 590.55 1,227.73 42.62 13.99 69.92
Koppa 1,818.79 321.99 1,097.11 105.91 1,525.01 83.85 1.95 0.00
Koppal 5,575.72 0.00 0.53 37.32 37.85 0.68 1.20 189.27
Kudremukh WLS 787.22 256.54 321.36 44.85 622.75 79.11 0.64 0.03
Kundapur 3,617.52 117.22 1,296.90 668.70 2,082.82 57.58 -6.46 0.08
Mandya 4,872.06 0.01 91.49 389.87 481.37 9.88 1.83 92.48
Mangalore 3,973.92 506.12 1,213.60 1,046.07 2,765.79 69.60 2.38 2.38
Melukote WLS 42.30 0.00 0.87 26.65 27.52 65.06 0.42 11.71
Mercara 1,970.51 267.69 926.43 315.63 1,509.75 76.62 6.53 0.73
Mookambika WLS 399.51 40.02 234.91 66.44 341.37 85.45 1.69 0.00
Muthodi WLS 38.98 3.46 5.00 0.26 8.72 22.37 0.00 0.00
Mysore 3,266.02 2.44 20.16 81.04 103.64 3.17 2.94 21.11
Nagarhole (Rajiv
704.18 147.90 450.99 55.72 654.61 92.96 -0.12 0.01
Gandhi) NP
Nugu WLS 27.68 0.00 1.86 15.28 17.14 61.92 0.00 1.89
Pushpagiri WLS 120.54 84.42 18.78 5.64 108.84 90.29 0.00 0.00
Raichur 8,445.48 0.00 1.14 47.93 49.07 0.58 1.05 196.81
Ramanagaram 3,351.03 0.00 148.27 436.03 584.30 17.44 12.25 144.84
Ranganathittu Bird
1.41 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.12 8.51 0.00 0.00
Sanctuary
Ranibennur black
103.94 0.00 4.42 74.18 78.60 75.62 4.89 16.35
buck Sanctuary
Sagar 4,824.01 126.91 1,458.35 433.57 2,018.83 41.85 0.38 10.69
Sharavathy WLS 430.65 83.41 185.76 24.13 293.30 68.11 0.02 0.52
Shettihalli WLS 691.31 115.65 302.91 63.51 482.07 69.73 1.08 0.38
Shimoga 1,644.13 143.22 722.45 181.97 1,047.64 63.72 2.76 5.44
Sirsi 2,194.47 249.20 1,139.68 379.04 1,767.92 80.56 1.62 1.57
Someswara WLS 62.22 13.89 40.01 4.06 57.96 93.15 0.05 0.00
Talacauvery WLS 117.66 75.69 24.87 3.89 104.45 88.77 11.75 0.00
Tumkur 10,606.60 0.00 73.46 1,357.80 1,431.26 13.49 1.57 289.24
Virajpet 1,418.99 196.48 643.69 228.50 1,068.67 75.31 -1.74 0.43
Yadgir 6,238.16 0.00 17.99 142.99 160.98 2.58 0.76 136.31
Yellapur 1,968.00 97.03 1,378.99 115.28 1,591.30 80.86 2.74 0.00
Area which does not
389.84 8.84 27.73 17.80 54.37 13.95 0.00 36.20
fall in any Division
Grand Total 1,92,158.48 4,537.79 21,151.75 13,564.73 39,254.27 20.43 147.70 4,513.15
#As per the division boundary shapefile provided by State Forest Department.
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
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 KARNATAKA

Table 10.12.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Karnataka

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
1 Afzalpura 68.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Ainapur 59.92 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.20 0.33 0.03
3 Aland 14.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Almel 62.88 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.00
5 Alnavara 8.35 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 1.08 0.00
6 Alur 2.37 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.07 2.95 0.00
7 Aminagad 16.37 0.00 0.29 1.45 1.74 10.63 3.26
8 Anavatti 35.13 0.00 2.33 4.02 6.35 18.08 0.01
9 Anekal 6.36 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.63 0.00
10 Ankola 10.24 0.00 0.18 3.56 3.74 36.52 0.00
11 Annigeri 6.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
12 Arabhavi 27.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.57
13 Arkalgudu 6.62 0.00 0.15 0.11 0.26 3.93 0.00
14 Arsikere 8.34 0.00 0.01 0.36 0.37 4.44 0.00
15 Athani 8.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27
16 Attibele 4.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
17 Aurad 8.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
18 Badami 7.41 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.27 0.16
19 Bagalkote 49.40 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.45 0.91 0.57
20 Bagepalli 2.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09
21 Bailahongal 11.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 Bajape 20.08 0.00 0.29 2.72 3.01 14.99 0.00
23 Balaganur 16.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
24 Ballari 87.72 0.00 0.00 0.38 0.38 0.43 0.00
25 Bangarpet 8.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
26 Bankapura 3.34 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.34 10.18 0.00
27 Bannur 5.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
28 Bantwal 25.94 0.00 3.20 4.35 7.55 29.11 0.00
29 Basavakalyan 23.51 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.12 0.51 0.44
30 Basavanabagewadi 124.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
31 Bashettihalli 20.05 0.00 0.08 0.73 0.81 4.04 0.03
32 BBMP 710.69 0.00 5.49 30.55 36.04 5.07 4.67
33 Belagali 38.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
34 Belagavi 92.10 0.00 1.48 5.70 7.18 7.80 1.01
35 Belluru 20.09 0.00 0.55 5.38 5.93 29.52 0.00
36 Belthangadi 8.88 0.03 1.47 2.71 4.21 47.41 0.00
37 Belur 5.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
38 Bhadravathi 56.19 0.00 0.34 5.52 5.86 10.43 0.00
39 Bhagyanagar 7.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
40 Bhalki 14.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
41 Bhatkal 5.17 0.00 0.04 0.64 0.68 13.15 0.00
126

42 Bidadi 44.14 0.00 0.04 1.33 1.37 3.10 0.14

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Karnataka

Table 10.12.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Karnataka

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
43 Bidar 48.10 0.00 0.87 1.96 2.83 5.88 0.72
44 Bilagi 4.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01
45 Birur 7.56 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.40 0.00
46 Bommasandra 7.10 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.70 0.00
47 Boragaon 34.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
48 Byadagi 18.04 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.17 0.19
49 Bynduru 107.42 2.58 48.52 23.91 75.01 69.83 0.08
50 Chadachana 44.23 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.09 0.00
51 Challakere 33.09 0.00 0.00 1.74 1.74 5.26 0.74
52 Chamarajanagara 17.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
53 Chandapura 14.19 0.00 0.01 0.23 0.24 1.69 0.00
54 Channagiri 1.81 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.55 0.00
55 Channapatna 10.45 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.36 3.44 0.00
56 Channarayanapatna 9.01 0.00 1.60 0.55 2.15 23.86 0.00
57 Chennamman kittur 5.50 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.17 3.09 0.06
58 Chickamagaluru 29.20 0.00 0.84 1.41 2.25 7.71 0.73
59 Chikkaballapur 11.18 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.36 0.00
60 Chikkanayakanahalli 9.34 0.00 0.00 1.54 1.54 16.49 0.00
61 Chikkodi 22.31 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.13 0.58 0.13
62 Chinchali 32.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
63 Chincholi 31.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
64 Chintamani 13.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15
65 Chitradurga 20.74 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.20 0.96 0.43
66 Chittaguppa 33.75 0.00 0.00 0.86 0.86 2.55 0.01
67 Chittapura 73.63 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.34 0.46 0.00
68 Dandeli 8.46 0.00 1.34 1.55 2.89 34.16 0.09
69 Davanagere 76.02 0.00 0.13 1.99 2.12 2.79 0.00
70 Devadurga 29.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.29
71 Devanahalli 16.51 0.00 0.13 0.91 1.04 6.30 0.00
72 Devarahipparagi 34.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
73 Doddaballapur 11.04 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.13 1.18 0.00
74 Examba 27.09 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.00
75 Gadag betageri 53.26 0.00 0.13 0.06 0.19 0.36 0.00
76 Gajendragada 18.89 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.45 2.38 0.16
77 Gangavathi 18.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
78 Ghataprabha 24.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
79 Gokak 20.71 0.00 0.11 0.03 0.14 0.68 0.43
80 Gowribidanur 33.63 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.17 0.51 0.00
81 Gubbi 7.14 0.00 0.09 1.68 1.77 24.79 0.00
83 Guledagudda 5.92 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.17 0.22
84 Gurumatkal 11.88 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.21 1.77 0.00
127

85 Guttal 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

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 KARNATAKA

Table 10.12.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Karnataka

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
86 Hagaribommanahalli 21.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
87 Haliyala 16.08 0.00 0.03 0.27 0.30 1.87 0.00
88 Hallikhed 2.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
89 Hanagal 18.99 0.00 0.33 2.24 2.57 13.53 0.00
90 Hannur 1.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
91 Harapanahalli 27.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50
92 Harihar 31.77 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.84 2.64 0.00
93 Harugeri 48.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
94 Hassan 14.34 0.00 0.05 0.19 0.24 1.67 0.02
95 Hatti 13.56 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.19 1.40 0.11
96 Hatti gold mines 5.88 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.34 5.78 0.11
97 Haveri 20.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
98 Hebbagodi 9.07 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.07 0.77 0.00
99 Hirekerur 13.17 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.23 0.00
100 Hiriyur 30.26 0.00 0.00 4.97 4.97 16.42 0.00
101 Holalkere 3.29 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.91 0.00
102 Holehonnuru 21.63 0.00 0.00 9.07 9.07 41.93 0.00
103 Holenarsipura 8.27 0.00 0.00 0.64 0.64 7.74 0.00
104 Honnali 1.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
105 Honnavara 7.69 0.00 0.08 2.37 2.45 31.86 0.00
106 Hootagalli 29.67 0.01 0.00 1.25 1.26 4.25 0.00
107 Hoovina hadagali 19.74 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.51 0.00
108 Hosadurga 7.19 0.00 0.00 0.46 0.46 6.40 1.47
109 Hosanagara 1.39 0.00 0.07 0.32 0.39 28.06 0.00
110 Hoskote 12.22 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.31 2.54 0.00
111 Hospet 43.94 0.00 0.06 0.96 1.02 2.32 1.17
112 Hubli dharwad 210.56 0.00 2.18 5.24 7.42 3.52 0.11
113 Hukkeri 7.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
114 Huliyaru 11.93 0.00 0.00 1.30 1.30 10.90 0.00
115 Humnabad 19.28 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.23 1.19 0.00
116 Hunagunda 6.40 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 1.72 0.00
117 Hunasagi 46.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.51
118 Hunasemaarana halli 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 25.00 0.00
119 Hunsur 10.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
120 Ilkal 13.34 0.00 0.01 0.11 0.12 0.90 0.08
121 Indi 76.80 0.00 0.15 0.31 0.46 0.60 0.00
122 Jagalur 6.65 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.15 0.00
123 Jali 10.39 0.00 0.49 2.37 2.86 27.53 0.00
124 Jamakhandi 12.20 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.13 1.07 0.71
125 Jewargi 33.90 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.22 0.65 0.00
126 Jigani 11.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
128

127 Kabbur 59.51 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.18 0.00

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Karnataka

Table 10.12.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Karnataka

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
128 Kadaba 22.85 0.13 4.42 13.54 18.09 79.17 0.00
129 Kadakola 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
130 Kadur 4.75 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.35 7.37 0.00
131 Kakkera 81.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
132 Kalaburagi 54.99 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.91 0.00
133 Kalaghatagi 10.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
134 Kalagi 42.52 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.33
135 Kallolli 27.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
136 Kamalapur 26.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
137 Kamalapura 49.25 0.00 0.00 1.03 1.03 2.09 7.39
138 Kamattagi 17.90 0.00 0.53 1.63 2.16 12.07 4.76
139 Kampli 22.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
140 Kanakagiri 40.01 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.29 0.72 0.00
141 Kanakapura 13.35 0.00 0.23 1.24 1.47 11.01 0.25
142 Kankanawadi 33.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
143 Karatagi 30.23 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.26 0.00
144 Kargal 65.92 17.22 34.36 5.07 56.65 85.94 0.00
145 Karkala 22.77 0.00 3.94 4.29 8.23 36.14 0.00
146 Karwar 27.79 0.00 2.55 9.90 12.45 44.80 0.00
147 Kaup 16.67 0.00 1.38 2.11 3.49 20.94 0.00
148 Kavitala 61.03 0.00 0.00 0.51 0.51 0.84 2.43
149 Kembhavi 72.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06
150 Kerur 4.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01
151 Khanapura 3.80 0.00 0.02 0.11 0.13 3.42 0.00
152 Kinnigoli 27.70 0.00 9.67 2.40 12.07 43.57 0.00
153 Kolar 18.26 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.55 0.00
154 Kolhar 6.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
155 Kollegal 28.09 0.00 0.02 0.90 0.92 3.28 2.13
156 Konnur 15.61 0.00 0.01 1.15 1.16 7.43 2.55
157 Koppa 0.77 0.00 0.43 0.02 0.45 58.44 0.00
158 Koppal 31.77 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.28 0.88 0.57
159 Koratagere 1.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
160 Kotekar 10.10 0.00 0.78 1.63 2.41 23.86 0.00
161 Kottur 22.26 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.45 2.02 0.00
162 Krishnarajapete 7.17 0.00 0.28 0.53 0.81 11.30 0.00
163 Kudachi 4.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
164 Kudalagi 31.99 0.00 0.11 0.45 0.56 1.75 0.00
165 Kudathini 72.81 0.00 0.00 0.86 0.86 1.18 0.07
166 Kuderemukha 88.60 12.03 24.36 12.60 48.99 55.29 0.03
167 Kukanur 36.80 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.16 0.00
168 Kumata 16.71 0.00 2.33 4.10 6.43 38.48 0.00
129

169 Kundagol 15.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Forest Survey of India

 KARNATAKA

Table 10.12.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Karnataka

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
170 Kundapur 9.90 0.00 0.37 1.88 2.25 22.73 0.00
171 Kunigal 9.87 0.00 0.36 0.84 1.20 12.16 0.00
172 Kurekuppa 21.01 0.00 0.12 0.25 0.37 1.76 0.04
173 Kurugodu 44.51 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.00
174 Kushalnagara 3.74 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.27 0.00
175 Kustagi 16.15 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.12 0.74 0.00
176 Lakshmeshwara 7.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
177 Lingasugur 77.45 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.13 0.17 0.00
178 Lokapur 25.47 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.53 2.08 0.05
179 Madanayakanahalli 25.58 0.00 0.29 0.46 0.75 2.93 0.00
180 Maddur 6.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
181 Madhugiri 8.90 0.00 0.14 0.10 0.24 2.70 0.17
182 Madikere 9.25 0.01 1.55 2.08 3.64 39.35 0.00
183 Magadi 5.52 0.00 0.04 0.13 0.17 3.08 0.00
184 Mahalingapura 9.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
185 Malavalli 7.81 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 1.15 0.00
186 Malebennuru 5.02 0.00 0.00 0.55 0.55 10.96 0.00
187 Malur 10.09 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.59 0.00
188 Managuli 3.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
189 Mandya 17.01 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.65 0.00
190 Mangaluru 135.02 0.00 6.94 10.69 17.63 13.06 0.00
191 Manvi 51.07 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00
192 Mariyammanahalli 3.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
193 Maski 14.59 0.00 0.04 0.10 0.14 0.96 0.41
194 Molakalmuru 5.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01
195 Moodbidri 40.66 0.00 9.25 3.27 12.52 30.79 0.00
196 Mudalagi 12.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
197 Muddebihal 10.33 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.48 0.00
198 Mudgal 54.6 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.21 0.38 0.00
199 Mudhol 8.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
200 Mudigere 1.53 0.00 0.24 0.10 0.34 22.22 0.00
201 Mugalkhod 51.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
202 Mulagunda 9.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
203 Mulbagilu 9.78 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.41 0.00
204 Mulki 10.32 0.09 1.57 0.75 2.41 23.35 0.00
205 Munavalli 4.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
206 Mundagod 12.02 0.00 0.35 2.68 3.03 25.21 0.00
207 Mundargi 42.20 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00
208 Mysuru 86.32 0.00 0.23 1.33 1.56 1.81 0.00
209 Nagamangala 10.40 0.00 0.07 1.70 1.77 17.02 0.00
210 Naganur 31.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
130

211 Nalatawad 1.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Karnataka

Table 10.12.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Karnataka

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
212 Nanjanagud 14.76 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.68 0.00
213 Naragunda 19.47 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.17 0.87 0.66
214 Narasimharajapura 1.37 0.00 0.48 0.21 0.69 50.36 0.00
215 Naregal 7.31 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.19 2.60 0.00
216 Navalagund 36.01 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.36 1.00 0.00
217 Nayakanahatti 40.38 0.00 0.00 0.38 0.38 0.94 0.00
218 Nelmangala 24.40 0.00 0.34 0.01 0.35 1.43 0.00
219 Nidgundi 2.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04
220 Nippani 19.85 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.15 0.00
221 Nyamthi 6.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
222 Pandavapura 4.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
223 Pavagada 5.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02
224 Periyapatna 11.58 0.00 0.28 0.28 0.56 4.84 0.00
225 Puttur 34.53 0.00 5.97 9.60 15.57 45.09 0.00
226 Rabkavi banahatti 16.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.59
227 Raibagh 5.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05
228 Raichur 141.76 0.00 0.00 1.52 1.52 1.07 2.72
229 Ramanagara 12.20 0.00 0.00 0.63 0.63 5.16 0.02
230 Ramdurga 4.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
231 Rammanahalli 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
232 Ranebennur 52.91 0.00 0.00 1.86 1.86 3.52 0.45
233 Rattihalli 16.54 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.18 0.00
234 Robertsonpet 45.33 0.00 2.04 6.13 8.17 18.02 0.00
235 Ron 68.68 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.15 0.00
236 Sadalga 39.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
237 Sagara 18.55 0.00 1.07 2.98 4.05 21.83 0.00
238 Sakaleshpura 4.73 0.00 0.86 0.16 1.02 21.56 0.00
239 Saligrama 14.88 0.00 1.42 2.68 4.10 27.55 0.00
240 Sandoor 17.48 0.00 0.30 2.05 2.35 13.44 0.00
241 Sankeshwar 17.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
242 Sargur 2.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
243 Saundatti 14.09 0.00 0.00 0.38 0.38 2.70 0.28
244 Savanoor 8.74 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.14 1.60 0.00
245 Sedam 70.45 0.00 0.00 0.51 0.51 0.72 0.71
246 Shahabad 25.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.00
247 Shahapura 18.89 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.11 1.24
248 Shedbal 55.73 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.00
249 Shidlaghatta 3.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
250 Shiggaon 3.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
251 Shikaripura 18.92 0.00 0.19 0.89 1.08 5.71 0.00
252 Shirahatti 3.39 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 2.65 0.00
131

253 Shirlakoppa 13.46 0.00 0.00 0.72 0.72 5.35 0.00

Forest Survey of India

 KARNATAKA

Table 10.12.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Karnataka

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
254 Shirur 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
255 Shivamogga 76.93 0.00 0.14 9.06 9.20 11.96 0.00
256 Shorapura surapura 18.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27
257 Shringeri 0.50 0.00 0.13 0.06 0.19 38.00 0.00
258 Siddapura 18.49 0.00 4.12 4.73 8.85 47.86 0.34
259 Sindagi 19.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
260 Sindanoor 30.27 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.10 0.00
261 Sira 16.10 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.26 1.61 0.00
262 Sirawar 29.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
263 Sirsi 10.16 0.00 0.79 0.83 1.62 15.94 0.00
264 Siruguppa 29.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
265 Someshwara 8.37 0.00 0.38 1.32 1.70 20.31 0.00
266 Somvarpet 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.03 0.14 15.91 0.00
267 Soraba 46.65 0.00 8.99 3.46 12.45 26.69 0.00
268 Srinivasapura 15.21 0.00 0.02 1.48 1.50 9.86 0.00
269 Srirampura 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
270 Srirangapatna 12.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
271 Sulya 16.69 0.32 1.00 9.30 10.62 63.63 0.01
272 Talikote 13.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
273 Tarikere 14.89 0.00 1.05 1.51 2.56 17.19 0.00
274 Tavaragera 63.23 0.00 0.00 0.59 0.59 0.93 7.73
275 Tekkalakote 43.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
276 Terdal 6.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
277 Thirthahalli 4.76 0.00 0.93 0.06 0.99 20.80 0.00
278 Tiptur 12.41 0.00 0.00 1.42 1.42 11.44 0.00
279 Tumakuru 64.03 0.00 4.60 4.15 8.75 13.67 0.00
280 Turuvekere 3.35 0.00 0.00 0.63 0.63 18.81 0.00
281 Turvihal 49.17 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.00
282 Udupi 64.84 0.00 5.59 10.13 15.72 24.24 0.00
283 Ugr khurd 26.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
284 Ullal 10.22 0.00 1.21 0.89 2.10 20.55 0.00
Vijayapura (Bangalore
285 15.08 0.00 0.00 1.59 1.59 10.54 0.00
rural district)
Vijayapura (Vijayapura
286 91.19 0.00 0.03 0.19 0.22 0.24 0.59
district)
287 Virajpet 9.03 0.37 1.68 1.44 3.49 38.65 0.00
288 Vitla 20.65 0.06 3.72 8.91 12.69 61.45 0.00
289 Wadi 20.16 0.00 0.00 1.01 1.01 5.01 0.00
290 Yadgir 45.26 0.00 0.00 1.03 1.03 2.28 0.36
291 Yadrami 4.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
292 Yelandur 2.56 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.26 10.16 0.00
132

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Karnataka

Table 10.12.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Karnataka

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
293 Yelburga 38.87 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.08 0.00
294 Yellapura 18.97 0.00 11.52 0.85 12.37 65.21 0.00
Grand Total 7,837.77 32.85 239.27 338.36 610.48 7.79 59.82
*Shapefile of digitized boundary as provided by Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forest, Working plan.

10.12.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.12.6 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Karnataka
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
3,737.90 12,876.97 6,399.03 799.89 8,274.78 7,165.70
23,013.90 16,240.37
16.24 % 55.95 % 27.81 % 4.93 % 50.95 % 44.12 %
*In case of Karnataka, RFA boundaries have been used.

Figure 10.12.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Karnataka

133

Forest Survey of India

 KARNATAKA

Table 10.12.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW For

Karnataka between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 3,734.01 0.00 0.14 0.00 1.03 3,735.18
MDF 3.37 12,869.38 4.20 0.98 7.63 12,885.56
OF 0.11 3.13 6,263.65 9.11 24.02 6,300.02
Scrub 0.00 0.05 58.50 2,734.82 29.44 2,822.81
NF 0.41 4.41 72.54 81.79 5,134.12 5,293.27
Total ISFR
2023 inside 3,737.90 12,876.97 6,399.03 2,826.70 5,196.24 31,036.84
RFA/GW
Net Change 2.72 -8.59 99.01 3.89 -97.03
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Table 10.12.8 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for
Karnataka between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 799.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 799.82
MDF 0.24 8,264.61 3.78 1.03 25.27 8,294.93
OF 0.00 0.99 6,963.70 13.13 113.24 7,091.06
Scrub 0.00 0.00 7.54 1,581.50 46.76 1,635.80
NF 0.00 9.18 190.68 90.79 1,42,641.90 1,42,932.55
Total ISFR
2023 outside 799.89 8,274.78 7,165.70 1,686.45 1,42,827.34 1,60,754.16
RFA/GW
Net Change 0.07 -20.15 74.64 50.65 -105.21
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.12.9 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Karnataka

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 41,511.00 1,504.36 5,894.81 2,272.94 9,672.11 318.23
500-1000 1,46,593.00 2,597.53 13,517.89 10,752.66 26,868.08 4,117.00
1000-2000 3,687.00 435.90 1,739.05 539.13 2,714.08 77.92
Total 1,91,791.00 4,537.79 21,151.75 13,564.73 39,254.27 4,513.15
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
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Table 10.12.10 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Karnataka

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 1,61,569.00 942.58 9,694.23 8,518.23 19,155.04 2,527.32
5-10 15,763.00 992.72 5,445.08 2,508.87 8,946.67 976.79
10-15 6,715.00 901.03 2,903.95 1,135.73 4,940.71 474.56
15-20 3,796.00 714.87 1,629.62 652.24 2,996.73 275.88
20-25 2,122.00 478.24 845.83 392.07 1,716.14 157.88
25-30 1,085.00 276.96 394.97 216.22 888.15 72.89
>30 741.00 231.39 238.07 141.37 610.83 27.83
Total 1,91,791.00 4,537.79 21,151.75 13,564.73 39,254.27 4,513.15
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

135

Photo: FSI Repository

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 KARNATAKA

Figure 10.12.3 Forest Cover Map of Karnataka

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Karnataka

10.12.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Karnataka (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification,
1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.12.11 Area Statistics of the Forest Types found in Karnataka

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 1A/C4 West Coast tropical evergreen forest 5,239.10 11.95
2 2A/C2 West Coast semi-evergreen forest 4,381.55 10.00
3 2A/2S1 West Coast secondary evergreen Dipterocarp Forest 338.86 0.77
4 2/E3 Moist bamboo brakes 1.86 0.00
5 2/E4 Lateritic semi-evergreen forest 159.62 0.36
6 3B/C1a Very moist teak forest 89.87 0.21
7 3B/C1b Moist teak forest 1,796.29 4.10
8 3B/C1c Slightly moist teak forest 992.40 2.26
9 3B/C2 Southern moist mixed deciduous forest 4,921.81 11.23
10 3B/C2/2S1 Southern secondary moist mixed deciduous forest 695.59 1.59
11 4B/TS1 Mangrove scrub 9.00 0.02
12 5A/C1a Very dry teak forest 22.54 0.05
13 5A/C1b Dry teak forest 2,515.07 5.74
14 5A/C3 Southern dry mixed deciduous forest 3,156.61 7.20
15 5/DS1 Dry deciduous scrub 2,930.39 6.69
16 5/E4 Hardwickia forest 414.93 0.95
17 5/E7 Laterite thorn forest 126.71 0.29
18 5/2S1 Secondary dry deciduous forest 38.91 0.09
19 6A/C1 Southern thorn forest 1,882.80 4.30
20 6A/DS1 Southern thorn scrub 3,364.01 7.68
21 8A/C1 Nilgiri subtropical hill forest 371.19 0.85
Sub Total 33,449.11 76.33
22 TOF/ Plantation 10,318.31 23.54
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 43,767.42 99.87
Grassland forest types (outside forest cover)
22 5/DS4 Dry grassland 54.33 0.12
24 8A/C1/DS1 South Indian sub-tropical hill savannah (woodland) 2.65 0.01
Sub Total 56.98 0.13
Grand Total 43,824.40 100.00
* Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023).Grassland forest types outside forest cover have also been mapped. The total
mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover, scrub and grassland forest types (found in non-forest).
137

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 KARNATAKA

10.12.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.12.12 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Bagalkot 211 65
2 Ballari 778 273
3 Belagavi 1,033 318
4 Bengaluru 44 51
5 Bengaluru Rural 169 124
6 Bidar 63 66
7 Chamarajanagar 196 140
8 Chikkamagaluru 1,187 336
9 Chikkballapura 415 300
10 Chitradurga 927 494
11 Dakshina Kannada 322 33
12 Davanagere 613 298
13 Dharwad 267 90
14 Gadag 249 69
15 Hassan 518 278
16 Haveri 384 147
17 Kalaburagi 58 50
18 Kodagu 195 77
19 Kolar 193 230
20 Koppal 27 17
21 Mandya 302 212
22 Mysuru 50 30
23 Raichur 10 5
24 Ramanagara 365 258
25 Shivamogga 1,356 436
26 Tumakuru 933 631
27 Udupi 24 11
28 Uttara Kannada 2,162 436
29 Vijayapura 8 4
30 Yadgir 15 21
Total 13,074 5,500

10.12.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.
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 India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Karnataka

Table 10.12.13 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover

1 Extremely fire prone 4.25 0.01

2 Very highly fire prone 1,130.13 2.58
3 Highly fire prone 3,409.31 7.79
4 Moderately fire prone 4,361.42 9.97
5 Less fire prone 34,862.31 79.65
Total 43767.42 100.00
* Forest Cover including Scrub.

Figure 10.13.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes
10.12.6 Results Derived from NFI for Karnataka
Table 10.12.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Terminalia paniculata 56,632 27.45

2 Tectona grandis 43,585 16.63
3 Xylia xylocarpa 35,528 13.69
4 Terminalia elliptica/ Terminalia crenulata 35,200 19.23
139

5 Eucalyptus species 35,001 4.40

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 KARNATAKA

Table 10.12.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Areca catechu 1,89,532 4.892

2 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 99,870 1.470
3 Azadirachta indica 92,376 17.113
4 Cocos nucifera 90,248 23.568
5 Mangifera indica 55,598 9.056

Table 10.12.16 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Cocos nucifera 8,703 1.617

2 Areca catechu 7,799 0.183
3 Acacia auriculiformis 2,251 0.062
4 Mangifera indica 2,154 0.506
5 Tectona grandis 1,595 0.208

Table 10.12.17 Major NTFP Species in Karnataka

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)

1 Anogeissus latifolia/ Terminalia anogeissiana Tree 15,36,840

2 Areca catechu Tree 10,124
3 Cassia senna/ Senna alexandrina Shrubs 30,05,316
Piper species/ Piper longum/ Piper mullesua/
4 Climbers 49,38,270
Piper peepuloides
5 Hemidesmus indicus Climbers 2,88,366
6 Asparagus racemosus Climbers 1,44,183
7 Cymbopogon citratus Herbs 7,07,07,458
8 Curcuma aromatica Herbs 54,39,035
Ocimum species (Ocimum gratissimum/
9 Ocimum sanctum/ Ocimum tenuiflorum/ Herbs 31,08,020
Ocimum americanum)
10 Anagallis arvensis/ Lysimachia arvensis Herbs 15,54,010

Table 10.12.18 Major Invasive Species In The State Inside The RFA in
Karnataka
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)

1 Lantana camara 3,190.36

2 Chromolaena odorata 2,499.34
3 Acacia farnesiana/ Vachellia farnesiana 251.84
4 Cassia tora/ Senna tora 178.52
140

5 Achyranthes aspera 101.14

Forest Survey of India

Photo: Anant Shukla
 10.13
KERALA
KERALA
Geographical Area
38,852 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 8◦17’N to 12◦47’ N
Longitude 74◦52’E to 77◦24’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
33.41 million
Urban 15.94 million (47.70 %)
Rural 17.47 million (52.30 %)
Tribal 0.48 million (1.45 %)
Average Population Density
860 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
2.73 million
No. of Districts
14
No. of Hill Districts
10
No. of Tribal Districts
9

Table 10.13.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 3,885
Reporting area for land utilization 3,886.29 100.00
Forests 1,081.51 27.83
Not available for land cultivation 581.31 14.96
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands - -
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 2.27 0.06
Culturable wasteland 88.50 2.27
Fallow land other than current fallows 49.42 1.27
Current fallows 53.91 1.39
Net area sown 2,029.37 52.22
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
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10.13.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.13.2 Forest Cover of Kerala

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 2,041.17 5.25
MDF 9,321.82 23.99
OF 10,696.37 27.54
Total 22,059.36 56.78
Scrub 21.88 0.06

Figure 10.13.1 Forest Cover of Kerala

Table 10.13.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Kerala

(km2)
2023 Assessment % of Change
Calcu- w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod.
District Open lated 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total
Forest Area by Raster
Forest Forest
SoI based*
Alappuzha 1,415 0.00 20.01 120.91 140.92 9.96 -0.61 0.00
Ernakulam H
3,063 190.46 631.53 647.02 1,469.01 47.96 -2.00 0.54
IdukkiH 4,356 399.27 1,808.42 1,003.23 3,210.92 73.71 5.06 0.03
KannurH 2,961 57.64 493.12 1,281.33 1,832.09 61.87 28.66 0.10
KasaragodH 1,989 0.38 241.29 896.36 1,138.03 57.22 36.16 0.08
Kollam H
2,483 10.35 484.39 701.84 1,196.58 48.19 12.12 0.00
Kottayam 2,206 73.71 406.62 863.44 1,343.77 60.91 -7.10 0.85
KozhikodeH 2,345 142.16 415.56 1,324.34 1,882.06 80.26 8.87 6.75
MalappuramH 3,554 406.21 617.79 1,140.83 2,164.83 60.91 3.52 12.01
Palakkad H
4,482 164.07 1,189.59 693.17 2,046.83 45.67 23.18 0.68
Pathanamthitta 2,652 104.97 635.14 616.37 1,356.48 51.15 4.23 0.15
ThiruvananthapuramH 2,189 63.49 700.46 630.52 1,394.47 63.70 10.09 0.08
Thrissur 3,027 244.63 469.92 575.48 1,290.03 42.62 10.79 0.00
WayanadH 2,130 183.83 1,207.98 201.53 1,593.34 74.80 0.45 0.61
Grand Total 38,852 2,041.17 9,321.82 10,696.37 22,059.36 56.78 133.42 21.88
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
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Table 10.13.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Kerala

(km2)
2023 Assessment
%
Change
Digitized of
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Digitized
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Division
Forest Raster
Area# Forest Forest Bound-
based*
ary Area
ABP 32.94 0.00 28.74 2.58 31.32 95.08 0.00 0.00
Achenkovil 292.94 37.13 135.00 83.00 255.13 87.09 8.86 0.97
Anamudi Shola NP 30.95 11.44 12.32 0.60 24.36 78.71 0.20 0.00
Aralam WL 54.50 21.82 31.10 0.60 53.52 98.20 -0.06 0.00
Chalakudy 976.22 17.11 149.38 165.96 332.45 34.05 0.68 0.00
Chimmini WL 77.80 26.14 25.98 8.89 61.01 78.42 0.00 0.00
Chinnar WL 91.12 18.91 31.90 4.04 54.85 60.20 0.47 0.03
Choolannur Peafowl 3.55 0.00 0.02 1.02 1.04 29.30 0.00 0.00
Eravikulam NP 111.85 25.55 4.00 2.05 31.60 28.25 0.08 0.00
Idukki Wildlife 115.92 0.00 25.58 24.29 49.87 43.02 0.35 0.00
Kadalundi
Community 1.55 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.27 17.42 0.00 0.00
Reserve
Kannur 4,893.78 38.96 687.56 2,082.31 2,808.83 57.40 64.25 0.18
Konni 1,008.75 0.47 330.59 228.68 559.74 55.49 4.52 0.00
Kothamangalam 1,484.42 0.92 444.71 495.11 940.74 63.37 -5.38 0.00
Kottayam 3,579.69 16.01 987.23 1,009.50 2,012.74 56.23 -8.12 0.00
Kozhikode 2,249.65 43.41 352.04 965.54 1,360.99 60.50 8.38 0.67
Kurinjimala
44.31 0.30 26.75 1.09 28.14 63.51 0.38 0.00
sanctuary
Malabar WL 95.23 28.21 57.23 1.68 87.12 91.48 0.32 0.00
Malayatur 1,577.98 103.97 366.02 240.67 710.66 45.04 0.67 0.54
Mangalavanam 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 33.33 0.00 0.00
Mankulam 98.74 53.30 23.78 12.05 89.13 90.27 0.49 0.00
Mannarkad 982.31 93.28 123.31 449.59 666.18 67.82 4.71 11.45
Marayur 112.07 31.28 21.13 3.48 55.89 49.87 0.22 0.00
Mathikettan Shola
16.39 3.92 9.81 0.98 14.71 89.75 0.17 0.00
NP
Munnar 1,259.51 178.47 522.46 221.06 921.99 73.20 4.42 0.00
Nemmara 1,332.09 57.84 176.92 244.17 478.93 35.95 0.46 0.00
Neyyar WL 118.05 13.34 69.64 13.77 96.75 81.96 0.35 0.00
Nilambur North 1,620.36 48.57 201.02 701.20 950.79 58.68 2.17 0.93
Nilambur South 1,889.00 79.50 193.36 797.48 1,070.34 56.66 1.49 5.99
Palakkad 1,565.46 48.70 92.16 360.66 501.52 32.04 18.31 0.00
Pampadum shola
11.69 0.00 10.53 0.00 10.53 90.08 0.11 0.00
National Park
Parambikulam Tiger
652.21 296.11 225.55 22.68 544.34 83.46 0.14 0.09
Reserve
Peechi-vazhani WL 125.80 12.51 57.40 41.19 111.10 88.31 -0.06 0.00
Peppara WL 77.84 8.46 48.34 9.84 66.64 85.61 0.67 0.00
Periyar Tiger
941.29 176.50 503.68 99.98 780.16 82.88 1.91 0.00
Reserve
144

Punalur 1,568.88 0.63 302.49 551.91 855.03 54.50 5.15 0.00

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Kerala

Table 10.13.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Kerala

(km2)
2023 Assessment
%
Change
Digitized of
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Digitized
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Division
Forest Raster
Area# Forest Forest Bound-
based*
ary Area
Ranni 3,030.39 98.13 720.69 486.91 1,305.73 43.09 -3.63 0.00
Shendurney WL 172.59 55.06 74.92 22.02 152.00 88.07 -0.03 0.00
Silentvalley NP 265.13 86.79 76.29 70.76 233.84 88.20 -0.56 0.12
Thattekkad 25.82 0.00 15.74 3.92 19.66 76.14 0.00 0.00
Thenmala 154.60 6.33 88.67 39.22 134.22 86.82 0.73 0.00
Thrissur 1,442.30 5.36 118.01 324.52 447.89 31.05 8.15 0.00
Trivandrum 2,081.88 78.44 617.23 595.47 1,291.14 62.02 9.25 0.08
Vazhachal 465.12 19.80 108.42 89.57 217.79 46.82 1.17 0.00
Wayanad North 666.67 49.74 364.31 60.54 474.59 71.19 0.65 0.00
Wayanad South 1,097.91 36.78 629.91 108.71 775.40 70.63 -1.06 0.02
Wayanad WL 366.38 94.89 209.77 30.34 335.00 91.44 0.30 0.59
Area which does not
416.06 17.09 20.12 16.47 53.68 12.90 2.14 0.22
fall in any Division
Grand Total 39,279.72 2,041.17 9,321.82 10,696.37 22,059.36 56.16 133.42 21.88
# As per the division boundary shapefile provided by State Forest Department.
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.13.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Kerala

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
1 Alappuzha 32.83 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.14 0.43 0.00
2 Chengannur 12.74 0.00 0.78 1.09 1.87 14.68 0.00
3 Cherthala 17.70 0.00 0.00 1.79 1.79 10.11 0.00
4 Haripad 16.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 Kayamkulam 20.68 0.00 0.00 3.03 3.03 14.65 0.00
6 Mavelikara 14.59 0.00 0.01 1.36 1.37 9.39 0.00
7 Aluva 6.64 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 1.36 0.00
8 Angamaly 20.97 0.00 0.00 0.67 0.67 3.20 0.00
9 Kochi 97.71 0.00 0.26 0.67 0.93 0.95 0.00
10 Eloor 13.56 0.00 0.00 0.69 0.69 5.09 0.00
11 Kalamassery 25.41 0.00 0.23 1.81 2.04 8.03 0.00
12 Koothattukulam 22.87 0.00 5.65 6.54 12.19 53.30 0.00
13 Kothamangalam 39.55 0.00 4.84 16.64 21.48 54.31 0.00
14 Maradu 12.46 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.12 0.96 0.00
15 Muvattupuzha 29.23 0.00 1.41 7.68 9.09 31.10 0.00
145

16 North Paravur 8.55 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.07 0.82 0.00

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 KERALA

Table 10.13.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Kerala

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
17 Perumbavoor 19.12 0.00 0.31 0.39 0.70 3.66 0.12
18 Piravom 29.54 0.00 3.09 8.72 11.81 39.98 0.00
19 Thrikkakara 29.58 0.00 0.00 1.12 1.12 3.79 0.00
20 Tripunithura 29.62 0.00 0.22 0.46 0.68 2.30 0.00
21 Kattappana 57.62 0.71 29.52 19.54 49.77 86.38 0.00
22 Thodupuzha 29.03 0.00 7.36 3.47 10.83 37.31 0.00
23 Andoor 24.52 0.00 0.18 4.42 4.60 18.76 0.00
24 Iritty 48.32 0.00 11.35 18.55 29.90 61.88 0.00
25 Kannur Cantonment 1.62 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 3.09 0.00
26 Kannur 79.59 0.00 0.01 5.19 5.20 6.53 0.00
27 Kuthuparamba 17.40 0.00 1.65 7.58 9.23 53.05 0.00
28 Mattanur 54.05 0.00 10.38 24.87 35.25 65.22 0.00
29 Payyannur 53.45 0.00 0.29 7.41 7.70 14.41 0.00
30 Sreekandapuram 70.15 0.00 1.59 50.50 52.09 74.26 0.00
31 Taliparamba 16.76 0.00 0.00 2.11 2.11 12.59 0.00
32 Thalassery 24.56 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.40 1.63 0.00
33 Kanhangad 40.43 0.00 0.09 2.15 2.24 5.54 0.00
34 Kasaragod 17.51 0.00 0.51 1.32 1.83 10.45 0.00
35 Nileshwar 26.56 0.00 1.94 3.49 5.43 20.44 0.00
36 Karunagappally 17.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
37 Kollam 71.85 0.00 0.03 2.40 2.43 3.38 0.00
38 Kottarakara 19.05 0.00 0.44 4.76 5.20 27.30 0.00
39 Paravoor 19.88 0.00 0.00 2.64 2.64 13.28 0.00
40 Punaloor 34.46 0.00 3.62 16.12 19.74 57.28 0.00
41 Changanassery 14.23 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.00
42 Erattupetta 15.40 0.00 3.08 3.96 7.04 45.71 0.00
43 Ettumanoor 27.48 0.00 2.77 3.95 6.72 24.45 0.00
44 Kottayam 56.08 0.00 0.08 1.36 1.44 2.57 0.00
45 Pala 16.39 0.00 2.06 3.96 6.02 36.73 0.00
46 Vaikom 17.57 0.00 0.00 2.38 2.38 13.55 0.00
47 Feroke 13.23 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.87 6.58 0.00
48 Koduvally 22.27 0.00 0.51 12.96 13.47 60.48 0.00
49 Koyilandy 29.18 0.00 0.62 10.10 10.72 36.74 0.00
50 Kozhikode 119.26 0.00 0.14 9.27 9.41 7.89 0.00
51 Mukkam 36.21 0.00 4.20 23.05 27.25 75.26 0.00
52 Payyoli 22.62 0.00 0.04 5.19 5.23 23.12 0.00
53 Ramanattukara 11.95 0.00 0.03 0.30 0.33 2.76 0.00
54 Vatakara 21.09 0.00 0.00 2.64 2.64 12.52 0.00
55 Kondotty 31.60 0.00 0.38 14.97 15.35 48.58 0.00
56 Kottakkal 20.38 0.00 0.34 4.03 4.37 21.44 0.00
57 Malappuram 33.11 0.00 0.89 8.12 9.01 27.21 0.00
146

58 Manjeri 52.66 0.00 0.17 21.57 21.74 41.28 0.00

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Table 10.13.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Kerala

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
59 Nilambur 31.94 0.00 1.32 13.52 14.84 46.46 0.00
60 Parappanangadi 22.88 0.00 0.23 8.68 8.91 38.94 0.00
61 Perinthalmanna 38.29 0.00 1.36 12.45 13.81 36.07 0.00
62 Ponnani 24.80 0.00 0.01 5.94 5.95 23.99 0.00
63 Thanur 20.16 0.00 0.31 7.53 7.84 38.89 0.00
64 Tirur 17.28 0.00 0.02 6.39 6.41 37.09 0.00
65 Tirurangadi 17.62 0.00 0.55 3.93 4.48 25.43 0.00
66 Valancheri 22.37 0.00 0.81 3.58 4.39 19.62 0.00
67 Cherpulassery 31.16 0.00 0.48 14.10 14.58 46.79 0.00
Chittoor
68 15.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.13 0.00
Thathamangalam
69 Mannarkad 15.42 0.00 0.74 4.19 4.93 31.97 0.00
70 Ottappalam 32.72 0.00 0.08 8.09 8.17 24.97 0.00
71 Palakkad 27.07 0.00 0.01 0.18 0.19 0.70 0.00
72 Pattambi 16.91 0.00 0.40 1.49 1.89 11.18 0.00
73 Shornur 31.85 0.00 0.04 4.17 4.21 13.22 0.00
74 Adoor 20.83 0.00 3.50 5.15 8.65 41.53 0.00
75 Pandalam 28.83 0.00 3.01 10.26 13.27 46.03 0.00
76 Pathanamthitta 33.78 0.00 7.03 10.31 17.34 51.33 0.00
77 Thiruvalla 25.71 0.00 0.14 0.29 0.43 1.67 0.00
78 Attingal 16.61 0.00 0.02 3.17 3.19 19.21 0.00
79 Nedumangad 29.24 0.00 6.40 11.88 18.28 62.52 0.00
80 Neyyattinkara 30.46 0.00 4.16 10.79 14.95 49.08 0.00
81 Thiruvananthapuram 206.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
82 Varkala 15.60 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.60 3.85 0.00
83 Chalakkudy 25.04 0.00 0.25 0.83 1.08 4.31 0.00
84 Chavakkad 13.09 0.00 0.07 0.70 0.77 5.88 0.00
85 Guruvayoor 29.42 0.00 0.38 2.46 2.84 9.65 0.00
86 Irinjalakkuda 37.54 0.00 0.18 0.18 0.36 0.96 0.00
87 Kodungalloor 29.68 0.00 0.56 1.04 1.60 5.39 0.00
88 Kunnamkulam 26.06 0.00 1.09 3.43 4.52 17.34 0.00
89 Thrissur 101.54 0.00 0.35 4.18 4.53 4.46 0.00
90 Wadakanchery 51.95 0.00 3.45 14.33 17.78 34.23 0.00
91 Kalpetta 38.16 0.54 20.83 3.29 24.66 64.62 0.00
92 Mananthavady 80.69 0.54 28.89 16.53 45.96 56.96 0.00
93 Sulthan Bathery 220.35 53.67 130.22 11.28 195.17 88.57 0.07
94 Thiruvananthapuram 206.63 0.00 10.64 30.15 40.79 19.74 0.00
Grand Total 3,418.74 55.46 328.60 593.85 977.91 28.60 0.19
*Shapefile of digitized boundary as provided by Directorate of Municipal Administration/Urban Development, Kerala.
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10.13.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analyzed in different
categories and presented in table given below.
Table 10.13.6 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Kerala
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
1,877.59 5,420.36 2,627.89 163.58 3,901.46 8,068.48
9,925.84 12,133.52
18.91% 54.61% 26.48 % 1.35% 32.15% 66.50 %
*In case of Kerala, RFA boundaries have been used.

Figure 10.13.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Kerala

Table 10.13.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Kerala
between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 1,877.48 0.00 0.29 0.00 1.16 1,878.93
MDF 0.00 5,415.28 0.54 0.00 14.07 5,429.89
OF 0.00 0.00 2,564.24 0.00 14.55 2,578.79
Scrub 0.00 0.00 0.39 19.60 0.14 20.13
NF 0.11 5.08 62.43 0.43 1,579.20 1,647.25
Total ISFR
2023 inside 1,877.59 5,420.36 2,627.89 20.03 1,609.12 11,554.99
RFA/GW
148

Net Change -1.34 -9.53 49.10 -0.10 -38.13

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Forest Survey of India
India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Kerala

Table 10.13.8 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for

Kerala between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 163.58 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.32 164.00
MDF 0.00 3,895.37 0.22 0.00 28.20 3,923.79
OF 0.00 0.03 7,873.35 0.00 77.16 7,950.54
Scrub 0.00 0.00 0.06 1.79 0.27 2.12
NF 0.00 6.06 194.75 0.06 15,055.69 15,256.56
Total ISFR
2023 outside 163.58 3,901.46 8,068.48 1.85 15,161.64 27,297.01
RFA/GW
Net Change -0.42 -22.33 117.94 -0.27 -94.92
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.13.9 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Kerala

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 28,678.00 214.45 5,088.05 8,986.68 14,289.18 9.45
500-1000 6,478.00 873.19 2,862.37 1,243.20 4,978.76 8.45
1000-2000 3,441.00 903.44 1,307.31 458.79 2,669.54 3.98
2000-3000 255.00 50.09 64.09 7.70 121.88 0.00
Total 38,852.00 2,041.17 9,321.82 10,696.37 22,059.36 21.88
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.13.10 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Kerala

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 17,923.00 177.42 2,164.92 4,247.58 6,589.92 6.39
5-10 8,347.00 283.43 2,205.86 2,774.37 5,263.66 3.85
10-15 4,607.00 337.44 1,667.26 1,513.40 3,518.10 2.33
15-20 3,051.00 351.72 1,238.95 964.10 2,554.77 2.50
20-25 2,137.00 319.95 908.20 594.04 1,822.19 2.71
25-30 1,402.00 246.35 600.32 343.87 1,190.54 2.30
>30 1,385.00 324.86 536.31 259.01 1,120.18 1.80
Total 38,852.00 2,041.17 9,321.82 10,696.37 22,059.36 21.88
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
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Figure 10.13.3 Forest Cover Map of Kerala

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10.13.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Kerala (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification, 1968)
based on the Forest cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.13.11 Area Statistics of the Forest Types found in Kerala

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 1A/C3 Southern hilltop tropical evergreen forest 304.69 1.38
2 1A/C4 West Coast tropical evergreen forest 3,135.73 14.19
3 1/E2 Wet bamboo brakes 25.41 0.12
4 1/2S1 Pioneer Euphorbiaceous scrub 18.32 0.08
5 2A/C2 West Coast semi-evergreen forest 2,778.38 12.58
6 3B/C1a Very moist teak forest 154.58 0.70
7 3B/C1b Moist teak forest 129.67 0.59
8 3B/C1c Slightly moist teak forest 468.04 2.12
9 3B/C2 Southern moist mixed deciduous forest 1,798.99 8.14
10 4B/TS2 Mangrove forest 9.59 0.04
11 4C/FS1 Myristica swamp forest 1.48 0.01
12 5A/C3 Southern dry mixed deciduous forest 315.13 1.43
13 6A/C1 Southern thorn forest 0.28 0.00
14 11A/C1 Southern montane wet temperate forest 314.55 1.42
Sub Total 9,454.84 42.80
15 TOF/ Plantation 12,626.40 57.16
Total (Forest cover & scrub) 22,081.24 99.96
Grassland forest types (outside forest cover)
16 5/DS4 Dry grassland 0.37 0.00
17 11A/C1/DS2 Southern montane wet grassland 9.85 0.04
Sub Total 10.22 0.04
Grand Total 22,091.46 100.00
* Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023).Grassland forest types outside forest cover have also been mapped. The total
mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover, scrub and grassland forest types (found in non-forest).
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10.13.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.13.12 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Alappuzha 0 0
2 Ernakulam 16 25
3 Idukki 449 570
4 Kannur 14 9
5 Kasaragod 3 1
6 Kollam 37 47
7 Kottayam 52 21
8 Kozhikode 6 0
9 Malappuram 95 74
10 Palakkad 544 250
11 Pathanamthitta 54 58
12 Thiruvananthapuram 14 12
13 Thrissur 182 6
14 Waynad 84 37
Total 1,550 1,110

10.13.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.13.13 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover

1 Extremely fire prone 0.00 0.00

2 Very highly fire prone 62.13 0.28
3 Highly fire prone 513.06 2.32
4 Moderately fire prone 1,322.05 5.99
5 Less fire prone 20,184.00 91.41
Total 22,081.24 100.00
* Forest Cover including Scrub.
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Figure 10.13.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

10.13.6 Results Derived from NFI for Kerala

Table 10.13.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Tectona grandis 23,597 10.17

2 Xylia xylocarpa 16,561 7.14
3 Terminalia paniculata 16,553 12.23
4 Macaranga peltata 10,408 3.45
5 Hevea brasiliensis 10,053 1.67
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Table 10.13.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Hevea brasiliensis 1,55,616 15.146

2 Areca catechu 90,952 1.600
3 Cocos nucifera 43,885 6.058
4 Swietenia mahagoni 18,346 2.244
5 Artocarpus heterophyllus 16,911 2.169

Table 10.13.16 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Cocos nucifera 32,996 6.483

2 Areca catechu 17,872 0.402
3 Hevea brasiliensis 10,679 1.454
4 Mangifera indica 7,735 2.078
5 Artocarpus heterophyllus 7,059 1.219

Table 10.13.17 Major NTFP Species in Kerala

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)

1 Hevea brasiliensis Tree 10,053

2 Diospyros species Tree 7,166
3 Areca catechu Tree 4,743
4 Nilgirianthus ciliatus/ Strobilanthes ciliata Shrubs 18,81,436
Piper species/ Piper longum/ Piper mullesua/
5 Climbers 11,87,097
Piper peepuloides
6 Hemidesmus indicus Climbers 1,28,789
7 Rubia cordifolia Climbers 1,00,791
8 Biophytum species Herbs 2,79,699
9 Curcuma zedoaria Herbs 2,79,699
Ocimum species (Ocimum gratissimum/
10 Ocimum sanctum/ Ocimum tenuiflorum/ Herbs 2,79,699
Ocimum americanum)

Table 10.13.18 Major invasive Species in the State inside the RFA in
Kerala
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)

1 Chromolaena odorata 805.20

2 Lantana camara 359.20
3 Ageratum conyzoides 34.94
4 Acacia mearnsii 25.11
154

5 Ageratum houstonianum 15.83

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155

Photo: Sanjay Shukla, IFS

Forest Survey of India
 10.14
MADHYA PRADESH
MADHYA PRADESH
Geographical Area
3,08,252 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 21◦17’ N to 26◦52’ N
Longitude 74◦08’ E to 82◦49’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
72.63 million
Urban 20.07 million (27.63 %)
Rural 52.56 million (72.37 %)
Tribal 15.32 million (21.09 %)
Average Population Density
236 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
36.33 million
No. of Districts
52
No. of Hill Districts
0
No. of Tribal Districts
24

Table 10.14.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 30,825
Reporting area for land utilization 30,756.30 100.00
Forests 8,708.37 28.31
Not available for land cultivation 3,361.76 10.93
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 1,253.81 4.08
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 23.25 0.08
Culturable wasteland 885.94 2.88
Fallow land other than current fallows 356.61 1.16
Current fallows 344.04 1.12
Net area sown 15,822.52 51.44
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
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H 10.14.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.14.2 Forest Cover of Madhya Pradesh

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 7,021.31 2.28
MDF 33,508.64 10.87
OF 36,543.49 11.85
Total 77,073.44 25.00
Scrub 3,124.20 1.01

Figure 10.14.1 Forest Cover of Madhya Pradesh

Table 10.14.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Madhya Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment % of Change
Calcu- w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod.
District Open lated 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total
Forest Area Raster
Forest Forest
by SoI based*
Agar Malwa 2,731.50 0.00 1.84 48.28 50.12 1.83 8.95 16.05
Alirajpur 3,182.25 0.00 225.05 485.15 710.20 22.32 -7.35 33.41
Anuppur 3,746.71 123.16 298.86 436.62 858.64 22.92 6.55 54.26
Ashoknagar 4,673.94 0.00 263.85 416.36 680.21 14.55 -12.28 55.09
Balaghat 9,229.44 1,180.47 2,547.62 1,193.09 4,921.18 53.32 1.42 26.56
Barwani 5,427.33 0.00 229.71 662.89 892.60 16.45 -19.22 34.52
Betul 10,043.41 466.71 2,330.68 875.18 3,672.57 36.57 5.34 49.15
Bhind 4,458.75 0.00 58.80 254.26 313.06 7.02 81.07 94.79
Bhopal 2,771.95 0.10 114.04 222.21 336.35 12.13 -0.54 25.93
Burhanpur 3,427.41 34.90 569.25 580.35 1,184.50 34.56 -31.14 37.04
Chhatarpur 8,687.33 157.52 506.91 1,058.13 1,722.56 19.83 -12.02 152.65
Chhindwara 11,814.67 473.84 2,127.73 1,976.62 4,578.19 38.75 -21.57 99.10
Damoh 7,305.61 0.88 630.60 1,873.01 2,504.49 34.28 -85.29 109.94
Datia 3,019.12 0.00 89.60 137.22 226.82 7.51 23.49 30.36
Dewas 7,020.28 87.21 962.96 907.63 1,957.80 27.89 2.57 35.39
Dhar 8,153.09 0.00 120.52 511.75 632.27 7.75 -19.54 65.41
Dindori 5,799.92 632.32 891.52 613.55 2,137.39 36.85 -25.12 47.29
Guna 6,390.54 1.41 325.81 948.18 1,275.40 19.96 -35.71 73.95
Gwalior 4,560.29 0.82 323.36 902.68 1,226.86 26.90 9.52 63.24
Harda 3,333.83 48.19 568.86 317.31 934.36 28.03 -8.86 3.78
Hoshangabad 6,702.67 179.74 1,500.66 730.12 2,410.52 35.96 -0.70 18.65
Indore 3,897.75 0.00 341.68 319.84 661.52 16.97 -6.71 16.60
Jabalpur 5,210.70 38.91 479.36 545.21 1,063.48 20.41 -9.05 63.84
Jhabua 3,600.11 0.00 29.30 186.99 216.29 6.01 1.54 101.03
Katni 4,949.59 93.53 694.34 554.94 1,342.81 27.13 -32.22 48.15
Khandwa (East
7,351.71 379.54 1,124.55 599.33 2,103.42 28.61 0.85 22.47
Nimar)
Khargone (West
157

8,025.00 0.09 494.80 808.90 1,303.79 16.25 -4.41 38.65

Nimar)

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 MADHYA PRADESH

Table 10.14.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Madhya Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment % of Change
Calcu- w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod.
District Open lated 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total
Forest Area Raster
Forest Forest
by SoI based*
Mandla 7,470.25 909.00 1,477.21 1,025.18 3,411.39 45.67 4.32 40.31
Mandsaur 5,534.78 0.00 67.22 183.67 250.89 4.53 7.11 82.79
Morena 4,988.53 0.00 94.17 674.36 768.53 15.41 10.46 263.99
Narsinghpur 5,133.00 71.91 668.35 594.13 1,334.39 26.00 -5.98 37.41
Neemuch 4,255.94 0.00 168.81 641.26 810.07 19.03 3.55 259.84
Niwari 1,324.53 0.00 38.49 69.06 107.55 8.12 26.55 22.75
Panna 7,134.64 217.12 1,050.34 1,424.47 2,691.93 37.73 -17.06 137.41
Raisen 8,466.46 178.06 1,240.44 1,223.62 2,642.12 31.21 -23.23 78.92
Rajgarh 6,153.47 0.00 37.11 135.77 172.88 2.81 -1.20 32.50
Ratlam 4,860.60 0.00 1.78 117.47 119.25 2.45 38.81 37.52
Rewa 6,314.08 117.59 285.40 402.53 805.52 12.76 5.74 49.39
Sagar 10,252.44 2.30 1,118.12 1,593.21 2,713.63 26.47 -71.38 48.59
Satna 7,501.93 40.45 788.58 926.05 1,755.08 23.40 9.87 120.75
Sehore 6,577.66 71.31 662.07 619.19 1,352.57 20.56 -4.17 41.08
Seoni 8,757.91 302.44 1,721.44 1,023.65 3,047.53 34.80 -34.25 36.85
Shahdol 6,205.54 154.24 723.29 891.80 1,769.33 28.51 -13.63 19.65
Shajapur 3,463.81 0.00 0.15 29.11 29.26 0.84 7.20 5.57
Sheopur 6,605.68 121.04 1,385.13 1,901.69 3,407.86 51.59 -42.20 69.55
Shivpuri 9,949.21 14.04 684.76 1,847.82 2,546.62 25.60 4.40 129.68
Sidhi 4,850.72 381.87 791.61 806.17 1,979.65 40.81 2.73 30.37
Singrauli 5,674.86 140.40 1,117.00 888.31 2,145.71 37.81 -34.83 32.28
Tikamgarh 3,723.28 0.11 50.12 224.33 274.56 7.37 -26.79 76.72
Ujjain 6,090.92 0.00 2.58 39.18 41.76 0.69 3.36 11.73
Umaria 4,075.90 379.37 1,251.55 608.60 2,239.52 54.95 -5.07 10.11
Vidisha 7,371.07 20.72 230.66 487.06 738.44 10.02 -25.42 31.14
Grand Total 3,08,252.11 7,021.31 33,508.64 36,543.49 77,073.44 25.00 -371.54 3,124.20
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.14.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Madhya Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment
%
Change
Digitized of
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Digitized
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Division
Forest Raster
Area# Forest Forest Boundary
based*
Area
Alirajpur 3,551.11 0.00 227.81 484.60 712.41 20.06 -6.49 34.63
Anuppur 3,776.22 121.89 312.85 438.66 873.40 23.13 6.30 54.05
Ashok Nagar 4,744.73 0.00 264.04 416.44 680.48 14.34 -12.30 55.07
Badwah 2,285.72 0.00 272.76 329.09 601.85 26.33 28.19 9.91
Bandhavgarh Buffer
1,515.95 65.61 315.65 222.21 603.47 39.81 2.81 3.74
158

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Table 10.14.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Madhya Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment
%
Change
Digitized of
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Digitized
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Division
Forest Raster
Area# Forest Forest Boundary
based*
Area
Bandhavgarh
719.41 206.59 391.07 64.38 662.04 92.03 5.17 0.02
National Park
Barwani 2,996.80 0.00 86.00 221.35 307.35 10.26 -7.58 25.33
Bhind 4,458.92 0.00 58.63 252.50 311.13 6.98 80.48 94.60
Bhopal 2,775.64 0.10 114.15 222.01 336.26 12.11 -0.57 25.95
Burhanpur 3,266.14 34.70 563.68 574.88 1,173.26 35.92 -31.55 36.82
Chhatarpur 8,059.78 93.82 413.74 790.88 1,298.44 16.11 -7.52 129.05
Damoh 6,827.83 0.89 506.66 1,656.82 2,164.37 31.70 -87.72 109.38
Datia 2,155.86 0.00 89.15 135.61 224.76 10.43 21.42 35.10
Dewas 7,045.31 87.14 964.24 908.48 1,959.86 27.82 2.61 35.36
Dhar 8,222.11 0.00 120.70 511.61 632.31 7.69 -19.67 65.24
Dindori 5,739.90 629.31 888.24 610.87 2,128.42 37.08 -26.31 47.48
East Chhindwara 4,774.95 93.54 568.13 746.25 1,407.92 29.49 -60.80 62.87
East Mandla 2,858.89 248.69 467.19 411.40 1,127.28 39.43 0.50 19.63
Guna 6,399.58 1.40 325.92 941.41 1,268.73 19.83 -38.13 73.65
Gwalior 4,575.60 0.85 323.60 904.58 1,229.03 26.86 9.47 63.33
Harda 3,345.24 48.21 565.27 316.49 929.97 27.80 -9.19 3.84
Hoshangabad 4,951.05 24.19 580.12 332.11 936.42 18.91 -5.11 17.49
Indore 3,935.15 0.00 342.30 321.45 663.75 16.87 -6.48 16.66
Jabalpur 5,065.32 38.49 479.47 544.65 1,062.61 20.98 -8.91 63.88
Jhabua 3,297.84 0.00 29.25 184.40 213.65 6.48 0.28 99.81
Kanha Buffer Zone 1,017.33 178.70 229.93 87.65 496.28 48.78 -1.91 5.31
Kanha NP Core
1,051.43 481.68 406.43 64.14 952.25 90.57 -12.48 0.84
Zone
Katni 5,004.67 72.64 653.99 547.99 1,274.62 25.47 -32.92 47.86
Khandwa 7,497.25 379.78 1,130.50 602.27 2,112.55 28.18 0.61 22.96
Khargone 5,985.53 0.07 254.49 547.36 801.92 13.40 -40.87 28.52
Kunopalpur 1,370.75 113.29 732.05 352.42 1,197.76 87.38 -3.97 1.56
Madhav National
356.35 6.00 123.21 172.47 301.68 84.66 1.70 1.61
Park
Mandsaur 5,836.27 0.00 92.77 234.46 327.23 5.61 18.15 131.52
Morena 4,957.51 0.00 93.37 666.32 759.69 15.32 11.68 261.90
Narsingpur 4,885.77 63.37 527.43 512.17 1,102.97 22.58 -6.33 37.15
Neemuch 4,096.13 0.01 142.65 584.81 727.47 17.76 -8.46 210.38
Noradehi 1,392.74 8.66 567.97 572.36 1,148.99 82.50 2.58 3.72
North Balaghat 3,294.94 404.59 1,146.40 579.41 2,130.40 64.66 -25.16 4.21
North Betul 2,543.40 142.32 779.32 295.04 1,216.68 47.84 -17.00 7.18
North Panna 1,936.88 34.54 228.26 334.66 597.46 30.85 -0.51 43.05
North Sagar 4,921.63 2.22 375.48 705.97 1,083.67 22.02 -3.96 20.50
North Seoni 3,988.14 32.82 571.66 581.97 1,186.45 29.75 -44.61 25.08
North Shahdol 2,498.63 79.55 344.71 385.11 809.37 32.39 -12.84 11.05
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Table 10.14.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Madhya Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment
%
Change
Digitized of Dig-
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. itized
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Division
Forest Raster
Area# Forest Forest Bound-
based*
ary Area
Obedullahganj 3,617.85 191.98 634.94 639.71 1,466.63 40.54 24.42 30.49
Panna Tiger Reserve 1,581.79 175.92 410.97 511.15 1,098.04 69.42 -18.44 46.36
Pench NP 414.96 101.24 245.42 3.98 350.64 84.50 0.28 0.00
Pench Tiger Buffer 618.28 87.59 329.86 37.67 455.12 73.61 -2.95 0.76
Raisen 4,997.06 3.52 677.96 617.92 1,299.40 26.00 -46.69 48.52
Rajgarh 6,189.64 0.00 37.09 134.90 171.99 2.78 -0.43 31.94
Ratlam 4,888.61 0.00 1.55 116.72 118.27 2.42 39.36 37.58
Rewa 6,343.05 114.55 283.24 405.44 803.23 12.66 4.43 50.18
Sanjay NP 1,334.55 274.08 359.63 237.25 870.96 65.26 -4.18 6.87
Sanjay Tiger Buffer 765.79 84.97 234.75 157.31 477.03 62.29 -0.79 1.45
Satna 7,451.99 39.69 782.55 921.67 1,743.91 23.40 9.37 120.06
Satpuda Tiger
2,030.05 177.85 1,111.09 453.40 1,742.34 85.83 4.24 1.17
Reserve
Sehore 6,455.16 53.99 589.35 583.25 1,226.59 19.00 -4.74 41.16
Sendhwa 2,293.00 0.00 108.22 367.57 475.79 20.75 -3.52 9.20
Seopur 5,269.68 7.72 653.56 1,551.59 2,212.87 41.99 -41.22 68.99
Shajapur 6,225.42 0.00 1.98 76.74 78.72 1.26 15.93 21.36
Shivpuri 9,850.88 8.00 560.29 1,665.77 2,234.06 22.68 0.39 122.86
Sidhi 3,244.90 22.85 235.02 556.18 814.05 25.09 5.43 27.77
Singrauli 5,267.93 140.07 1,093.74 757.35 1,991.16 37.80 -31.16 25.52
South Balaghat 4,834.25 445.74 1,093.13 526.15 2,065.02 42.72 31.54 20.65
South Betul 5,467.33 142.22 847.64 333.24 1,323.10 24.20 27.04 37.21
South Chhindwara 2,596.93 136.87 558.87 316.22 1,011.96 38.97 19.15 14.49
South Panna 4,343.21 70.12 512.93 849.86 1,432.91 32.99 -2.49 69.60
South Sagar 4,676.97 0.01 428.23 601.20 1,029.44 22.01 -69.66 27.16
South Seoni 4,084.78 142.85 697.38 413.22 1,253.45 30.69 9.25 11.73
South Shahdol 3,108.00 70.51 309.92 458.67 839.10 27.00 -3.56 8.54
Tikamgarh 5,058.91 0.13 87.94 288.61 376.68 7.45 -3.13 99.16
Ujjain 6,138.53 0.00 2.56 39.06 41.62 0.68 3.27 11.74
Umaria 2,403.34 131.89 612.74 354.99 1,099.62 45.75 -11.81 7.23
Vidisha 7,320.00 20.74 229.67 487.01 737.42 10.07 -25.33 31.10
West Betul 1,913.91 168.45 587.33 228.89 984.67 51.45 -3.74 4.66
West Chindwara 3,960.74 169.84 795.67 857.78 1,823.29 46.03 22.78 20.78
West Mandla 3,680.68 326.93 676.01 547.21 1,550.15 42.12 11.47 15.95
Area which does not
1,238.35 15.33 46.17 76.10 137.60 11.11 21.35 4.67
fall in any Division
Grand Total 3,09,646.92 7,021.31 33,508.64 36,543.49 77,073.44 24.89 -371.54 3,124.20
#
As per the division boundary shapefile provided by State Forest Department.
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
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Table 10.14.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Madhya Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
1 Agar 21.62 0.00 0.00 1.09 1.09 5.04 0.11
2 Amarwara 9.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13
3 Ambah 3.34 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 2.40 0.00
4 Amla 4.82 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 2.28 0.00
5 Anuppur Town 12.44 0.00 0.02 0.16 0.18 1.45 0.00
6 Aron 7.59 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.40 0.00
7 Ashokngar 7.97 0.00 0.12 0.19 0.31 3.89 0.00
8 Ashta 12.14 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.25 2.06 0.00
9 Athner 6.33 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.13 2.05 0.00
10 Badi 21.43 0.00 1.31 4.78 6.09 28.42 0.07
11 Baikunthpur 4.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
12 Baldevgarh 4.53 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.07 1.55 0.00
13 Barghat 8.07 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.99 0.00
14 Barkuhi 3.08 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 3.57 0.00
15 Begamganj 4.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
16 Berasia 9.21 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.15 1.63 0.00
17 Betul 14.90 0.00 0.27 1.01 1.28 8.59 0.00
18 Betul Bazar 2.70 0.00 0.07 0.03 0.10 3.70 0.00
19 Bhainsdehi 5.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
20 Bhedaghat Town 4.99 0.00 0.16 0.69 0.85 17.03 0.04
21 Biaora 5.73 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.24 4.19 0.00
22 Bijuri 24.82 0.00 0.06 2.40 2.46 9.91 0.00
23 Bina 12.30 0.00 0.01 0.14 0.15 1.22 0.00
24 Budhni Town 22.52 0.00 3.07 4.39 7.46 33.13 0.01
25 Burhar 7.57 0.00 0.18 0.05 0.23 3.04 0.00
26 Chachoda Binaganj 4.79 0.00 0.01 0.52 0.53 11.06 0.00
27 Chandameta Butaria 4.22 0.00 0.02 0.32 0.34 8.06 0.00
28 Chanderi 23.89 0.00 5.79 7.75 13.54 56.68 0.00
29 Chhatarapur 22.12 0.00 0.12 0.91 1.03 4.66 0.29
30 Chicholi 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
31 Chitrakoot 50.39 2.78 11.84 9.49 24.11 47.85 0.04
32 Chourai 4.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
33 Churhat 20.98 0.00 0.00 3.63 3.63 17.30 0.01
34 Dabra 3.57 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 1.68 0.00
35 Damoh 11.70 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.32 2.74 0.00
36 Damua 14.42 0.00 0.04 0.79 0.83 5.76 0.00
37 Deori 3.54 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.07 1.98 0.00
38 Dhanpuri 20.44 0.00 0.31 3.67 3.98 19.47 0.15
39 Dindori 10.44 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.34 3.26 0.00
40 Dongar Parasia 5.76 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.15 2.60 0.00
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Table 10.14.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Madhya Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
41 Gadarwara 18.98 0.00 0.00 0.63 0.63 3.32 0.86
42 Ganjbasoda 6.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
43 Garhakota 3.33 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 1.50 0.00
44 Gotegaon 3.32 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.06 1.81 0.00
45 Guna 30.93 0.00 0.37 3.34 3.71 11.99 0.72
46 Harda 4.93 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.17 3.45 0.00
47 Harrai 20.55 0.00 0.01 0.43 0.44 2.14 0.00
48 Hatta 7.79 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.14 1.80 0.11
49 Hindoria 15.85 0.00 0.12 0.89 1.01 6.37 0.71
50 Hoshangabad Town 23.49 0.00 0.06 1.79 1.85 7.88 0.00
51 Isagarh 6.67 0.00 0.21 1.02 1.23 18.44 0.04
52 Itarsi Town 9.32 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.42 4.51 0.00
53 Jaora 8.55 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.23 2.69 0.00
54 Jeeran 2.37 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 1.69 0.00
55 Jeron Khalsa 15.40 0.00 0.19 0.40 0.59 3.83 0.01
56 Joura 3.35 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 2.69 0.00
57 Junnardev Jamai 9.48 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.53 0.00
58 Kareli Town 22.09 0.00 0.04 0.36 0.40 1.81 0.00
59 Katangi Balaghat 7.35 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.14 0.00
60 Khirkiya 9.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
61 Khurai 11.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
62 Kotma Town 20.82 0.00 0.49 1.82 2.31 11.10 0.54
63 Kumbhraj 3.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
64 Lakhnadon 13.69 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.00
65 Lodhikheda 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 2.20 0.00
66 Mahidpur 3.45 0.00 0.00 0.55 0.55 15.94 0.00
67 Maihar 41.05 0.00 0.44 4.29 4.73 11.52 0.05
68 Malanjkhand 81.08 1.53 4.06 12.23 17.82 21.98 0.62
69 Malhargarh 1.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70 Mandideep 57.31 0.00 0.03 0.81 0.84 1.47 0.46
71 Mandla Town 5.51 0.00 0.02 0.20 0.22 3.99 0.00
72 Mandsour 26.32 0.00 0.00 2.12 2.12 8.05 0.00
73 Mohgaon 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
74 Morena 79.60 0.00 0.14 0.48 0.62 0.78 0.00
75 Multai 10.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
76 Mungaoli 1.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
77 Nagda 13.19 0.00 0.15 1.69 1.84 13.95 0.00
78 Nainpur 12.86 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.31 0.02
79 Narsinghpur 8.27 0.00 0.01 0.24 0.25 3.02 0.00
162

80 Nasrullaganj Town 8.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Madhya Pradesh

Table 10.14.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Madhya Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
81 Neemach 24.62 0.00 0.39 3.22 3.61 14.66 0.00
82 Newton Chikhali 3.41 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.59 0.00
83 Nowgaon 19.15 0.00 1.39 1.57 2.96 15.46 0.13
84 Pali 10.62 0.00 0.01 0.52 0.53 4.99 0.00
85 Panagar 6.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.17 0.00
86 Pandhurna 22.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
87 Panna 7.20 0.00 0.03 0.49 0.52 7.22 0.00
88 Pasan 21.06 0.02 1.72 3.95 5.69 27.02 0.23
89 Patan Town 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
90 Pipaliyamandi 3.83 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 1.31 0.00
91 Pipalrawan 2.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
92 Pipariya 3.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
93 Pipla Narayanwar 6.01 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 4.99 0.00
94 Porsa 11.72 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.17 0.00
95 Prithvipur 23.30 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.26 1.12 0.30
96 Raghogarh 70.04 0.00 2.41 5.31 7.72 11.02 0.31
97 Raisen 14.47 0.00 0.08 1.72 1.80 12.44 0.01
98 Rajgarh 8.13 0.00 0.00 0.92 0.92 11.32 0.00
99 Rampur Baghelan 22.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
100 Rampura 3.46 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.28 8.09 0.00
101 Rehli 16.46 0.00 0.00 0.48 0.48 2.92 0.00
102 Rehti Town 1.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
103 Sabalgarh 5.68 0.00 0.00 0.65 0.65 11.44 0.27
104 Sarangpur 12.74 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.14 1.10 0.00
105 Sarni 32.83 0.00 10.99 1.19 12.18 37.10 0.00
106 Satwas 2.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
107 Sausar 16.03 0.03 1.65 1.91 3.59 22.40 0.00
108 Sehore 19.12 0.00 0.15 0.60 0.75 3.92 0.00
109 Seoni 14.85 0.00 0.02 0.30 0.32 2.15 0.00
110 Seoni Malwa 5.74 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.70 0.00
111 Shadol 19.45 0.00 0.09 0.71 0.80 4.11 0.00
112 Shahganj 6.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
113 Shahpura 5.71 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 1.40 0.00
114 Shahpura Town 2.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
115 Shajapur 12.21 0.00 0.00 0.73 0.73 5.98 0.00
116 Shamgarh 3.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
117 Shamshabad 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 1.05 0.00
118 Shivpuri 57.96 0.03 3.12 10.70 13.85 23.90 1.28
119 Shujalpur 7.37 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.18 2.44 0.00
163

120 Sidhi 14.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

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 MADHYA PRADESH

Table 10.14.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Madhya Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
121 Sihora 14.19 0.00 0.00 0.48 0.48 3.38 0.30
122 Singoli 2.35 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.43 0.00
123 Sirmor 20.80 0.00 0.49 0.87 1.36 6.54 1.90
124 Sironj 9.70 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.31 3.20 0.00
125 Sohagpur 4.87 0.00 0.01 0.24 0.25 5.13 0.00
126 Sonkatch 2.60 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.07 2.69 0.00
127 Suwasra 2.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
128 Tendukhera Town 19.17 0.00 1.38 2.56 3.94 20.55 0.00
129 Tikamgarh 14.97 0.00 0.16 0.72 0.88 5.88 0.00
130 Timarni 7.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
131 Umaria 13.10 0.01 1.72 1.63 3.36 25.65 0.00
132 Vidisha 21.13 0.00 0.01 0.30 0.31 1.47 0.00
Grand Total 1,756.16 4.40 55.84 122.09 182.33 10.38 9.72
*Shapefile of digitized boundary as provided by Municipal Reform Cell, Urban Administration and Development
Department.

10.14.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.14.6 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(Or Green Wash) in Madhya Pradesh
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
6,886.21 31,366.97 29,517.32 135.10 2,141.67 7,026.17
67,770.50 9,302.94
10.16% 46.28% 43.56% 1.45% 23.02% 75.53%
*In case of Madhya Pradesh, RFA boundaries have been used.
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Figure 10.14.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Madhya Pradesh
Table 10.14.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW For
Madhya Pradesh between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 5,056.77 1,346.49 41.67 0.29 23.52 6,468.74
MDF 1,542.71 27,214.70 2,520.76 9.26 389.32 31,676.75
OF 276.13 2,657.93 25,179.57 164.85 1,373.30 29,651.78
Scrub 0.22 15.29 494.52 1,507.73 476.79 2,494.55
NF 10.38 132.56 1,280.80 109.54 20,944.32 22,477.60
Total ISFR
2023 inside 6,886.21 31,366.97 29,517.32 1,791.67 23,207.25 92,769.42
RFA/GW
Net Change 417.47 -309.78 -134.46 -702.88 729.65
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Table 10.14.8 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for
Madhya Pradesh between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 114.00 62.58 6.02 0.01 6.76 189.37
MDF 15.62 1,863.85 336.89 2.89 243.01 2,462.26
OF 4.20 168.00 5,245.07 81.35 1,497.46 6,996.08
Scrub 0.03 5.16 338.06 1,159.70 1,161.28 2,664.23
NF 1.25 42.08 1,100.13 88.58 2,01,938.71 2,03,170.75
Total ISFR
2023 outside 135.10 2,141.67 7,026.17 1,332.53 2,04,847.22 2,15,482.69
RFA/GW
165

Net Change -54.27 -320.59 30.09 -1,331.70 1,676.47

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Forest Survey of India
 MADHYA PRADESH

Table 10.14.9 Altitude-Wise Forest Cover in Madhya Pradesh

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 2,31,982.09 2,881.57 20,795.97 26,251.52 49,929.06 2,503.78
500-1000 75,712.02 4,068.38 12,563.79 10,207.30 26,839.47 616.00
1000-2000 558.00 71.36 148.88 84.67 304.91 4.42
Total 3,08,252.11 7,021.31 33,508.64 36,543.49 77,073.44 3,124.20
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.14.10 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in

Madhya Pradesh
(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 2,65,973.08 4,233.41 23,058.46 27,984.66 55,276.53 2,688.02
5-10 25,674.03 1,523.91 5,692.73 4,839.68 12,056.32 301.39
10-15 9,369.00 707.66 2,552.25 2,004.21 5,264.12 86.97
15-20 4,283.00 331.03 1,269.84 980.35 2,581.22 31.53
20-25 1,884.00 142.49 589.42 460.14 1,192.05 11.05
25-30 708.00 53.29 226.98 181.15 461.42 3.56
>30 361.00 29.52 118.96 93.30 241.78 1.68
Total 3,08,252.11 7,021.31 33,508.64 36,543.49 77,073.44 3,124.20
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
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Figure 10.14.3 Forest Cover Map of Madhya Pradesh 167

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 MADHYA PRADESH

10.14.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Madhya Pradesh (as per the Champion & Seth Forest
Classification, 1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following
table.

Table 10.14.11 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in

Madhya Pradesh
(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 3B/C1c Slightly moist teak forest 1,889.83 2.36
2 3B/C2 Southern moist mixed deciduous forest 1,933.43 2.41
3 3C/C2e (i) Moist peninsular high level sal 2,747.26 3.42
4 4E/RS1 Riparian fringing forest 15.07 0.02
5 5A/C1a Very dry teak forest 678.30 0.85
6 5A/C1b Dry teak forest 21,715.29 27.06
7 5A/C3 Southern dry mixed deciduous forest 19,580.68 24.40
8 5B/C1c Dry peninsular sal forest 4,205.91 5.24
9 5B/C2 Northern dry mixed deciduous forest 15,094.58 18.81
10 5/DS1 Dry deciduous scrub 4,474.46 5.58
11 5/DS2 Dry savannah forest 1.19 0.00
12 5/E1 Anogeissus pendula forest 2,708.81 3.38
13 5/E1/DS1 Anogeissus pendula scrub 348.66 0.43
14 5/E2 Boswellia forest 387.23 0.48
15 5/E5 Butea forest 188.23 0.23
16 5/E9 Dry bamboo brakes 745.10 0.93
17 5/1S2 Khair-sissu forest 1,315.30 1.64
18 6B/C2 Ravine thorn forest 740.69 0.92
19 8A/C3 Central Indian subtropical hill forest 1.37 0.00
Sub Total 78,771.39 98.16
20 TOF/ Plantation 1,426.25 1.78
Total (Forest cover & scrub) 80,197.64 99.94
Grassland forest types (outside forest cover)
21 3C/C2/DS1 Moist sal savannah 40.72 0.05
22 5/DS4 Dry grassland 6.98 0.01
Sub Total 47.70 0.06
Grand Total 80,245.34 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). Grassland forest types outside forest cover have also been mapped. The total
mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover, scrub and grassland forest types (found in non-forest).
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10.14.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.14.12 District-Wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Agar Malwa 7 5
2 Alirajpur 110 119
3 Anuppur 109 48
4 Ashoknagar 33 43
5 Balaghat 1,098 681
6 Barwani 73 84
7 Betul 527 173
8 Bhind 1 24
9 Bhopal 98 123
10 Burhanpur 378 139
11 Chhatarpur 192 732
12 Chhindwara 1,405 431
13 Damoh 991 817
14 Datia 31 33
15 Dewas 981 1,265
16 Dhar 202 183
17 Dindori 312 151
18 Guna 467 604
19 Gwalior 38 124
20 Harda 121 67
21 Hoshangabad 280 235
22 Indore 219 291
23 Jabalpur 397 140
24 Jhabua 29 26
25 Katni 242 201
26 Khandwa (East Nimar) 539 457
27 Khargone (West Nimar) 347 303
28 Mandla 479 323
29 Mandsaur 17 35
30 Morena 0 10
31 Narsinghpur 438 426
32 Neemuch 56 121
33 Niwari 5 0
34 Panna 422 563
35 Raisen 1,352 1,696
36 Rajgarh 8 6
37 Ratlam 72 55
38 Rewa 107 182
169

39 Sagar 465 511

Forest Survey of India

 MADHYA PRADESH

Table 10.14.12 District-Wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
40 Satna 292 430
41 Sehore 632 1,136
42 Seoni 749 595
43 Shahdol 580 238
44 Shajapur 0 0
45 Sheopur 217 641
46 Shivpuri 171 333
47 Sidhi 544 242
48 Singrauli 300 214
49 Tikamgarh 12 13
50 Ujjain 6 3
51 Umaria 671 212
52 Vidisha 320 394
Total 17,142 15,878

10.14.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.14.13 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover

1 Extremely fire prone 1,135.38 1.42

2 Very highly fire prone 10,478.22 13.07
3 Highly fire prone 14,910.49 18.59
4 Moderately fire prone 14,519.68 18.10
5 Less fire prone 39,153.87 48.82
Total 80,197.64 100.00
* Forest Cover including Scrub.
170

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 India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Madhya Pradesh

Figure 10.14.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

10.14.6 Results Derived from NFI for Madhya Pradesh

Table 10.14.14 Number of Trees and Their Volume for Top 5 Species
In RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Tectona grandis 3,48,017 62.00

2 Shorea robusta 1,53,943 62.15
3 Diospyros melanoxylon 97,775 13.94
4 Lagerstroemia parviflora 96,813 15.33
5 Anogeissus latifolia/ Terminalia anogeissiana 88,556 21.81
171

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 MADHYA PRADESH

Table 10.14.15 Number of Trees and Their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Butea monosperma 76,206 16.646

2 Acacia Arabica/ Vachellia nilotica 47,313 9.926
3 Ziziphus mauritiana 31,671 3.522
4 Leucaena leucocephala 25,827 1.972
5 Azadirachta indica 24,996 7.570

Table 10.14.16 Number of Trees and Their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Psidium guajava 1,935 0.068

2 Azadirachta indica 1,758 1.250
3 Leucaena leucocephala 1,445 0.153
4 Mangifera indica 1,412 0.821
5 Annona squamosa 1,224 0.032

Table 10.14.17 Major NTFP Species in Madhya Pradesh

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)

1 Diospyros melanoxylon Tree 1,15,12,623

2 Shorea robusta Tree 91,49,403
3 Buchanania Lanzan Tree 8,14,840
4 Aegle marmelos Tree 7,01,873
5 Madhuca longifolia/ M. latifolia/ M. indica Tree 1,93,450
6 Helicteres isora Shrubs 3,33,35,308
7 Tylophora indica/ Vincetoxicum indicum Climbers 99,61,126
8 Celastrus paniculatus Climbers 84,82,521
9 Chlorophytum borivilianum Herbs 1,03,93,270
10 Andrographis paniculata Herbs 34,07,629

Table 10.14.18 Major Invasive Species in The State Inside the RFA In
Madhya Pradesh
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)

1 Lantana camara 5,914.49

2 Cassia tora/ Senna tora 4,579.87
3 Ageratum conyzoides 1,055.80
4 Triumfetta rhomboidea 854.83
5 Achyranthes aspera 383.54
172

Forest Survey of India

Photo: FSI Repository
 10.15
MAHARASHTRA
MAHARASHTRA
Geographical Area
3,07,713 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 15◦35’ N to 22◦02’ N
Longitude 72◦36’ E to 80◦54’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
112.37million
Urban 50.82 million (45.22 %)
Rural 61.55 million (54.78 %)
Tribal 10.51 million (9.35 %)
Average Population Density
365 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
32.48 million
No. of Districts
36
No. of Hill Districts
07
No. of Tribal Districts
12

Table 10.15.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 30,771
Reporting area for land utilization 30,758.20 100.00
Forests 5,209.00 16.94
Not available for land cultivation 3,719.00 12.09
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 1,364.00 4.43
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 274.10 0.89
Culturable wasteland 943.50 3.07
Fallow land other than current fallows 1,202.70 3.91
Current fallows 1,455.50 4.73
Net area sown 16,590.40 53.94
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
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10.15.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.15.2 Forest Cover of Maharashtra

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 9,865.62 3.21
MDF 21,577.79 7.01
OF 19,415.12 6.31
Total 50,858.53 16.53
Scrub 3,645.67 1.18

Figure 10.15.1 Forest Cover of Maharashtra

Table 10.15.3 District- Wise Forest Cover in Maharashtra

(km2)
2023 Assessment % of Change
Calcu- w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod.
District Open lated 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total
Forest Area by Raster
Forest Forest
SoI based*
Ahmednagar 17,048.00 0.00 65.54 246.68 312.22 1.83 26.48 495.97
Akola 5,676.00 10.48 115.00 187.99 313.47 5.52 -11.54 14.83
Amravati 12,210.00 644.65 1,848.62 681.73 3,175.00 26.00 1.10 98.39
Aurangabad 10,107.00 13.31 112.84 424.55 550.70 5.45 -3.11 152.00
Beed 10,693.00 0.00 11.58 146.66 158.24 1.48 -3.94 344.29
Bhandara 4,087.00 271.36 519.16 289.65 1,080.17 26.43 8.31 16.25
Buldhana 9,661.00 24.42 145.41 436.02 605.85 6.27 -1.80 161.70
Chandrapur 11,443.00 1,318.87 1,521.60 1,189.18 4,029.65 35.21 -9.46 43.67
Dhule 7,195.00 0.00 60.21 237.79 298.00 4.14 -8.76 102.21
Gadchiroli 14,412.00 5,123.42 3,900.08 991.98 10,015.48 69.49 -19.93 17.37
Gondia 5,234.00 962.58 662.20 279.03 1,903.81 36.37 3.40 22.94
Hingoli 4,827.00 0.00 8.62 103.11 111.73 2.31 -1.55 42.51
Jalgaon 11,765.00 51.41 346.54 768.95 1,166.90 9.92 -1.26 88.91
Jalna 7,718.00 0.21 5.67 24.96 30.84 0.40 -4.55 46.01
KolhapurH 7,685.00 85.21 991.42 678.78 1,755.41 22.84 -21.10 94.86
Latur 7,157.00 0.00 0.15 15.54 15.69 0.22 2.76 16.99
Mumbai City 157.00 0.00 0.83 3.59 4.42 2.82 -0.16 0.00
Mumbai Suburban 446.00 0.00 81.20 69.44 150.64 33.78 1.42 0.00
Nagpur 9,892.00 562.35 811.55 631.67 2,005.57 20.27 -3.24 68.58
Nanded 10,528.00 169.40 348.45 424.50 942.35 8.95 -2.04 107.07
Nandurbar 5,955.00 0.00 357.12 771.05 1,128.17 18.94 -64.49 4.44
NashikH 15,530.00 0.22 303.84 808.06 1,112.12 7.16 25.04 288.43
Osmanabad 7,569.00 0.00 2.32 49.50 51.82 0.68 0.38 39.11
Palghar 5,262.00 0.00 662.02 964.33 1,626.35 30.91 -86.97 68.74
Parbhani 6,214.00 0.00 5.86 26.30 32.16 0.52 -7.89 34.11
PuneH 15,643.00 0.44 791.81 924.70 1,716.95 10.98 -4.57 407.26
RaigadH 7,152.00 41.51 1,533.09 1,347.49 2,922.09 40.86 -3.93 66.54
RatnagiriH 8,208.00 35.42 1,922.21 2,334.54 4,292.17 52.29 53.45 4.06
175

Sangli 8,572.00 44.83 53.31 49.79 147.93 1.73 -3.07 164.02

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 MAHARASHTRA

Table 10.15.3 District- Wise Forest Cover in Maharashtra

(km2)
2023 Assessment % of Change
Calcu- w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod.
District Open lated 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total
Forest Area by Raster
Forest Forest
SoI based*
SataraH 10,480.00 164.98 560.51 580.00 1,305.49 12.46 32.38 308.85
Sindhudurg H
5,207.00 94.82 1,317.29 1,327.65 2,739.76 52.62 -7.33 22.81
Solapur 14,895.00 0.00 6.08 38.78 44.86 0.30 -5.65 65.57
Thane 4,296.00 0.00 532.89 809.81 1,342.70 31.25 82.84 65.02
Wardha 6,309.00 10.88 592.74 256.73 860.35 13.64 -0.06 61.39
Washim 4,898.00 4.88 102.46 196.72 304.06 6.21 -3.31 31.43
Yavatmal 13,582.00 229.97 1,277.57 1,097.87 2,605.41 19.18 -12.32 79.34
Grand Total 3,07,713.00 9,865.62 21,577.79 19,415.12 50,858.53 16.53 -54.47 3,645.67
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.15.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Maharashtra

(km2)
2023 Assessment % of Change
Digitized
Digitized w.r.t.
Division Very Mod.
Division Open Division 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total
Forest Boundary Raster
Area# Forest Forest
Area based*
Ahmednagar 13,169.70 0.00 9.35 93.85 103.20 0.78 -2.88 217.53
Akola 5,228.74 9.41 85.57 170.86 265.84 5.08 -10.83 14.98
Akola WL 297.62 5.36 40.93 139.10 185.39 62.29 1.18 2.57
Akot 744.74 48.99 317.70 173.90 540.59 72.59 1.36 0.00
Alibag 3,447.75 15.51 670.93 619.56 1,306.00 37.88 1.03 37.78
Allapalli 2,602.62 635.34 722.30 124.13 1,481.77 56.93 -18.04 6.06
Amravati 8,226.44 0.00 158.03 197.06 355.09 4.32 17.41 45.54
Aurangabad 17,013.00 6.68 89.43 371.08 467.19 2.75 -9.44 194.33
Beed 10,477.90 0.00 10.78 132.18 142.96 1.36 -3.89 334.47
Bhamragarh 3,195.18 1,810.28 713.08 77.47 2,600.83 81.40 -9.48 0.02
Bhandara 3,891.78 149.19 443.32 238.42 830.93 21.35 5.44 16.56
Bhor 2,561.59 0.44 255.06 231.03 486.53 18.99 -11.00 112.12
Bor Wildlife
331.68 100.67 152.60 32.16 285.43 86.06 -0.47 0.00
Division
Bramhapuri 3,071.17 350.00 439.27 294.93 1,084.20 35.30 -4.90 19.31
Buldhana 9,359.75 7.84 66.33 246.31 320.48 3.42 -0.06 162.03
CCF & Director
250.47 0.00 128.06 58.23 186.29 74.38 -8.61 0.87
SGNP Borivali
CCF & FD STR
1,609.65 162.60 601.39 230.86 994.85 61.81 3.28 16.02
Kolhapur
CCF & FD
1,041.17 257.03 287.66 110.81 655.50 62.96 -2.23 0.34
Tadoba (Buffer)
CCF & FD
621.36 392.69 151.41 48.34 592.44 95.35 -1.29 0.94
Tadoba (Core)
CCF (WL) Pune 471.78 0.00 68.86 48.18 117.04 24.81 -4.95 33.41
Central Chanda 3,569.40 208.65 389.83 445.16 1,043.64 29.24 -12.54 11.15
CF (WL) Nashik 716.82 17.43 117.18 151.37 285.98 39.90 -2.12 18.09
176

Chandrapur 2,986.79 91.63 203.25 225.85 520.73 17.43 12.49 11.14

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Maharashtra

Table 10.15.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Maharashtra

(km2)
2023 Assessment % of Change
Digitized
Digitized w.r.t.
Division Very Mod.
Division Open Division 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total
Forest Boundary Raster
Area# Forest Forest
Area based*
Dahanu 2,322.25 0.00 325.40 371.78 697.18 30.02 -93.95 20.33
DFO (WL)
1,486.55 8.22 49.45 142.83 200.50 13.49 1.82 13.86
Aurangabad
DFO Mumbai
Mangroves 238.56 0.00 40.55 49.03 89.58 37.55 -2.39 0.00
Conservation Unit
Dhule 7,068.35 0.00 50.23 202.98 253.21 3.58 -10.59 100.74
DM Gorewada
19.16 0.00 4.49 7.16 11.65 60.80 -0.46 0.79
Project (FDCM)
Dy. Director (PTR) 738.21 341.66 210.93 55.87 608.46 82.42 -0.80 0.17
East Nashik 7,084.57 0.17 125.24 279.66 405.07 5.72 3.32 89.32
Gadchiroli 2,757.74 1,020.91 609.23 288.82 1,918.96 69.58 -1.47 1.34
Gondia 4,761.54 617.82 584.42 262.13 1,464.37 30.75 2.53 23.14
Gondia WL 675.29 448.32 136.78 61.69 646.79 95.78 1.74 0.00
Gugamal 637.49 170.16 355.57 53.21 578.94 90.82 -4.25 0.00
Hingoli 4,710.41 0.00 8.64 103.20 111.84 2.37 -1.49 42.52
Jalgaon 8,670.37 0.58 59.62 365.61 425.81 4.91 6.51 71.33
Jawhar 2,155.71 0.00 178.53 427.18 605.71 28.10 23.21 40.75
Junnar 5,209.78 0.00 90.50 250.88 341.38 6.55 80.49 183.52
Kinwat 180.57 46.15 47.00 56.03 149.18 82.62 -1.60 0.00
Kolhapur 7,082.95 69.25 714.32 600.30 1,383.87 19.54 -23.77 94.12
Malegaon 3,133.65 0.00 12.51 88.81 101.32 3.23 13.58 68.73
Markhanda 341.36 116.91 177.43 30.21 324.55 95.08 0.09 0.07
Melghat Territorial 1,645.98 99.79 430.37 206.85 737.01 44.78 -7.03 50.05
MelghatWldlife 460.96 85.43 216.62 71.44 373.49 81.02 -2.33 2.61
Mewasi 1,423.41 0.00 95.97 282.54 378.51 26.59 -35.72 1.52
Nagpur 8,987.15 143.20 545.11 543.65 1,231.96 13.71 -0.44 67.56
Nanded 10,371.80 121.10 301.44 368.63 791.17 7.63 -2.07 107.04
Nandurbar 4,556.98 0.00 269.15 489.90 759.05 16.66 -30.70 3.14
Osmanabad 14,744.10 0.00 2.31 51.93 54.24 0.37 3.71 55.70
Pandharkawada 4,557.42 0.30 328.32 312.91 641.53 14.08 8.87 20.02
Pandharkawda WL 611.77 212.20 203.05 71.84 487.09 79.62 -1.83 0.00
Parbhani 6,306.14 0.00 5.86 26.30 32.16 0.51 -7.83 34.15
Pranhita 285.96 99.53 117.67 22.71 239.91 83.90 1.41 0.14
Pune 7,698.47 0.00 380.29 411.30 791.59 10.28 -65.72 102.33
Pusad 3,429.00 14.02 263.06 285.68 562.76 16.41 -17.54 22.77
Ratnagiri (Chiplun) 8,257.88 35.08 1,914.93 2,324.18 4,274.19 51.76 55.41 4.06
Roha 3,434.73 21.92 816.66 724.27 1,562.85 45.50 -2.76 28.83
Sangamner 2,901.42 0.00 5.84 79.01 84.85 2.92 32.13 241.06
Sangli 8,406.73 0.00 2.13 27.76 29.89 0.36 -3.99 158.12
Satara 9,659.50 63.12 295.19 459.37 817.68 8.47 34.06 298.44
Sawantwadi 5,097.33 95.02 1,318.87 1,329.30 2,743.19 53.82 -4.74 22.89
Shahapur 1,492.94 0.00 138.36 321.70 460.06 30.82 44.74 22.45
177

Sipna 830.34 246.50 434.47 63.81 744.78 89.70 -8.69 0.00

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 MAHARASHTRA

Table 10.15.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Maharashtra

(km2)
2023 Assessment % of
Change
Digitized Digitized
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Division
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Bound-
Forest Raster
Area# Forest Forest ary
based*
Area
Sironcha 1,929.46 479.64 657.68 118.56 1,255.88 65.09 8.99 1.47
Solapur 14,807.50 0.00 6.06 39.32 45.38 0.31 -2.34 64.81
Sub DFO (WL)
243.11 125.88 85.43 1.91 213.22 87.71 -4.07 0.00
Allapalli
Sub DFO (WL)
631.22 312.12 205.42 42.01 559.55 88.65 6.17 0.00
Sironcha
Thane 3,092.25 0.00 305.42 490.16 795.58 25.73 32.41 48.98
Thane WL 418.68 4.31 179.28 119.15 302.74 72.31 -2.80 0.08
Wadsa 2,515.01 505.26 567.49 248.04 1,320.79 52.52 -9.23 8.24
Wardha 6,221.35 5.62 508.80 254.72 769.14 12.36 2.03 61.40
Washim 5,101.42 5.93 93.25 187.42 286.60 5.62 -5.45 29.11
West Chanda 241.34 39.89 102.98 76.72 219.59 90.99 -2.14 0.80
West Nashik 5,202.88 0.00 165.20 448.99 614.19 11.80 8.05 130.42
Yavatmal 5,003.79 3.48 483.11 427.87 914.46 18.28 -2.20 35.77
Yawal 2,831.41 31.27 200.95 315.89 548.11 19.36 -6.21 14.18
Area which doesn’t
541.85 5.12 27.89 11.06 44.07 8.13 1.40 1.54
fall in any Division
Grand Total 3,08,102.89 9,865.62 21,577.79 19,415.12 50,858.53 16.51 -54.47 3,645.67
#As per the division boundary shapefile provided by State Forest Department.
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

10.15.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.15.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Maharashtra
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
9,538.99 15,827.39 10,744.55 326.63 5,750.40 8,670.57
36,110.93 14,747.60
26.42% 43.83% 29.75% 2.21% 38.99% 58.80%
*In case of Maharashtra, RFA boundaries have been used.
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Figure 10.15.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Maharashtra

Table 10.15.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for
Maharashtra between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 8,458.16 31.43 1.01 0.00 7.18 8,497.78
MDF 1,055.02 13,767.81 64.19 2.80 213.91 15,103.73
OF 9.94 1,989.36 10,040.77 30.48 452.27 12,522.82
Scrub 0.00 4.09 289.37 1,435.32 29.17 1,757.95
NF 15.87 34.70 349.21 22.20 19,420.57 19,842.55
Total ISFR
2023 inside 9,538.99 15,827.39 10,744.55 1,490.80 20,123.10 57,724.83
RFA/GW
Net Change 1,041.21 723.66 -1,778.27 -267.15 280.55
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Table 10.15.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for
Maharashtra between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 294.42 8.37 0.27 0.00 0.69 303.75
MDF 31.16 5,285.62 43.79 4.91 151.12 5,516.60
OF 1.05 431.57 7,945.74 29.09 560.87 8,968.32
Scrub 0.00 8.76 280.13 2,111.36 88.24 2,488.49
NF 0.00 16.08 400.64 9.51 2,32,284.78 2,32,711.01
Total ISFR
2023 outside 326.63 5,750.40 8,670.57 2,154.87 2,33,085.70 2,49,988.17
RFA/GW
179

Net Change 22.88 233.80 -297.75 -333.62 374.69

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Forest Survey of India
 MAHARASHTRA

Table 10.15.8 Altitude-Wise Forest Cover in Maharashtra

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 2,37,017.00 8,570.13 16,490.57 14,301.75 39,362.45 1,065.28
500-1000 66,142.00 1,230.08 4,806.00 4,833.34 10,869.42 2,507.59
1000-2000 4,554.00 65.41 281.22 280.03 626.66 72.80
Total 3,07,713.00 9,865.62 21,577.79 19,415.12 50,858.53 3,645.67
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.15.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Maharashtra

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 2,58,652.00 6,858.12 10,005.70 8,942.04 25,805.86 1,331.06
5-10 23,811.00 1,409.71 4,054.96 4,069.91 9,534.58 911.39
10-15 11,555.00 781.41 3,035.70 2,754.92 6,572.03 623.97
15-20 6,633.00 446.83 2,087.34 1,736.01 4,270.18 390.10
20-25 3,707.00 221.00 1,256.38 1,026.02 2,503.40 222.78
25-30 1,896.00 92.18 660.36 525.35 1,277.89 109.90
>30 1,459.00 56.37 477.35 360.87 894.59 56.47
Total 3,07,713.00 9,865.62 21,577.79 19,415.12 50,858.53 3,645.67
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Figure 10.15.3 Forest Cover Map of Maharashtra

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Maharashtra

10.15.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Maharashtra (as per the Champion & Seth Forest
Classification, 1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following
table.
Table 10.15.10 Area Statistics of The Forest Types Found in
Maharashtra
(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 2A/C2 West coast semi-evergreen forest 6,620.62 12.15
2 3B/C1b Moist teak forest 5,546.58 10.18
3 3B/C2 Southern moist mixed deciduous forest 11,312.50 20.75
4 4A/L1 Littoral forest 0.75 0.00
5 4B/TS1 Mangrove scrub 23.72 0.04
6 4B/TS2 Mangrove forest 271.02 0.50
7 4E/RS1 Riparian fringing forest 0.93 0.00
8 5A/C1b Dry teak forest 9,405.86 17.26
9 5A/C3 Southern dry mixed deciduous forest 14,286.39 26.21
10 5/DS1 Dry deciduous scrub 4,509.36 8.27
11 5/E2 Boswellia forest 43.15 0.08
12 5/E3 Babul forest 11.00 0.02
13 5/E4 Hardwickia forest 61.02 0.11
14 5/E5 Butea forest 9.81 0.02
15 5/E9 Dry bamboo brakes 253.11 0.46
16 6A/C1 Southern thorn forest 215.54 0.40
17 8A/C2 Western subtropical hill forest 645.88 1.19
Sub Total 53,217.24 97.64
18 TOF/ Plantation 1,286.96 2.36
Total (Forest cover & scrub) 54,504.20 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). The total mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover and scrub.
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10.15.4 Forest Fire
District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.15.11 District-Wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Ahmednagar 273 255
2 Akola 44 17
3 Amravati 482 152
4 Aurangabad 85 92
5 Beed 48 19
6 Bhandara 93 147
7 Buldhana 130 36
8 Chandrapur 1,246 965
9 Dhule 165 148
10 Gadchiroli 6,093 7,042
11 Gondia 605 644
12 Hingoli 16 21
13 Jalgaon 413 207
14 Jalna 13 4
15 Kolhapur 618 523
16 Latur 9 2
17 Mumbai city 0 1
18 Mumbai Suburban 48 31
19 Nagpur 238 255
20 Nanded 361 179
21 Nandurbar 109 183
22 Nashik 414 542
23 Osmanabad 10 5
24 Palghar 371 331
25 Parbhani 5 4
26 Pune 759 911
27 Raigad 1,005 1,128
28 Ratnagiri 7 19
29 Sangli 158 83
30 Satara 574 621
31 Sindhudurg 275 97
32 Solapur 58 42
33 Thane 725 717
34 Wardha 120 141
35 Washim 82 32
36 Yavatmal 467 412
Total 16,119 16,008
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10.15.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.15.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover

1 Extremely fire prone 1,508.20 2.77

2 Very highly fire prone 6,853.38 12.57
3 Highly fire prone 10,393.30 19.07
4 Moderately fire prone 11,128.85 20.42
5 Less fire prone 24,620.47 45.17
Total 54,504.20 100.00
* Forest Cover including Scrub.

Figure 10.15.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas Under Different Fire Prone Classes

10.15.6 Results Derived from NFI for Maharashtra

Table 10.15.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Tectona grandis 2,88,206 46.24

2 Terminalia elliptica/ Terminalia crenulata 1,07,421 21.97
3 Anogeissus latifolia/ Terminalia anogeissiana 58,814 14.00
4 Butea monosperma 50,468 5.37
5 Cleistanthus collinus 45,107 3.80
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Table 10.15.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Azadirachta indica 1,53,880 32.050

2 Mangifera indica 86,601 34.803
3 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 85,351 1.983
4 Ziziphus mauritiana 70,205 6.336
5 Acacia Arabica/ Vachellia nilotica 64,181 14.571

Table 10.15.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Mangifera indica 2,395 0.735

2 Azadirachta indica 2,088 0.740
3 Cocos nucifera 2,027 0.470
4 Annona squamosa 1,594 0.023
5 Psidium guajava 1,435 0.037

Table 10.15.16 Major Invasive Species in The State Inside the RFA in
Maharashtra
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)

1 Cassia tora/ Senna tora 3,246.02

2 Lantana camara 3,161.10
3 Triumfetta rhomboidea 839.07
4 Ageratina adenophora 441.08
5 Ageratum conyzoides 371.37

Table 10.15.17 Major NTFP Species in Maharashtra

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)

1 Butea monosperma Tree 26,40,808

2 Acacia catechu/ Senegalia catechu Tree 20,44,721
3 Pterocarpus marsupium Tree 9,46,107
4 Cassia fistula/ Sp. Tree 5,25,828
5 Helicteres isora Shrubs 2,34,66,048
Nothapodytes nimmoniana/ Mappia
6 Shrubs 6,15,100
nimmoniana
7 Hemidesmus indicus Climbers 38,03,696
8 Asparagus racemosus Climbers 4,28,585
Ocimum species (Ocimum gratissimum/
9 Ocimum sanctum/ Ocimum tenuiflorum/ Herbs 77,80,79,280
Ocimum americanum)
184

10 Chlorophytum borivilianum Herbs 1,66,88,027

Forest Survey of India

Photo: FSI Repository
 10.16
MANIPUR
MANIPUR
Geographical Area
22,327 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 23◦50’ N to 25◦42’ N
Longitude 92◦59’ E to 94◦46’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
2.86 million
Urban 0.84 million (29.21 %)
Rural 2.02 million (70.79 %)
Tribal 1.17 million (40.88 %)
Average Population Density
115 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
0.70 million
No. of Districts
16
No. of Hill Districts
16
No. of Tribal Districts
16

Table 10.16.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 2,233
Reporting area for land utilization 2,087.54 100.00
Forests 1,659.80 79.51
Not available for land cultivation 26.90 1.29
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 1.37 0.07
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 5.95 0.28
Culturable wasteland 0.74 0.03
Fallow land other than current fallows 0.06 0.00
Current fallows 0.14 0.01
Net area sown 392.58 18.81
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
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10.16.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.16.2 Forest Cover of Manipur

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 904.05 4.05
MDF 6,217.55 27.85
OF 9,463.86 42.39
Total 16,585.46 74.29
Scrub 973.65 4.36

Figure 10.16.1 Forest Cover of Manipur

Table 10.16.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Manipur

(km2)
2023 Assessment % of Change
Calcu- w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod.
District Open lated 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total
Forest Area by Raster
Forest Forest
SoI based*
BishnupurH 471.50 0.00 0.93 19.91 20.84 4.42 -1.17 2.52
ChandelH 2,094.75 8.41 655.83 1,142.12 1,806.36 86.23 -22.32 89.89
ChurachandpurH 2,419.75 8.02 772.32 1,131.42 1,911.76 79.01 -78.00 122.11
Imphal East H
456.75 0.00 5.68 56.76 62.44 13.67 -5.26 14.11
Imphal WestH 440.25 0.00 4.80 27.08 31.88 7.24 -1.49 0.67
Jiribam H
155.25 0.00 25.09 90.72 115.81 74.60 -1.93 0.90
KakchingH 265.25 0.00 0.84 20.17 21.01 7.92 -2.90 3.75
Kamjong H
2,478.75 79.48 823.63 1,248.39 2,151.50 86.80 -21.29 102.17
KangpokpiH 1,436.25 62.56 226.67 516.25 805.48 56.08 -31.57 92.81
Noney H
1,265.25 21.22 548.67 535.71 1,105.60 87.38 -16.79 57.71
PherzawlH 2,299.75 34.99 834.24 1,120.70 1,989.93 86.53 -59.89 72.01
SenapatiH 1,842.50 182.83 427.00 777.00 1,386.83 75.27 81.61 112.87
Tamenglong H
3,143.25 390.81 1,120.82 1,158.14 2,669.77 84.94 -38.43 106.79
TengnoupalH 1,166.50 1.86 278.55 625.44 905.85 77.66 1.55 93.97
Thoubal H
339.50 0.00 0.00 10.43 10.43 3.07 -0.95 2.71
UkhrulH 2,051.75 113.87 492.48 983.62 1,589.97 77.50 144.00 98.66
Grand Total 22,327.00 904.05 6,217.55 9,463.86 16,585.46 74.29 -54.83 973.65
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
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Table 10.16.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Manipur

(km2)
2023 Assessment
%
Change
Digitized of
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Digitized
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Division
Forest Raster
Area # Forest Forest Boundary
based*
Area
Bishnupur FD 654.27 0.15 12.64 87.19 99.98 15.28 -4.65 8.70
Central FD 929.23 0.00 17.78 118.87 136.65 14.71 -6.79 29.03
EFD Ukhrul 4,526.92 193.11 1,303.95 2,226.66 3,723.72 82.26 122.96 200.69
Jiribam FD 1,413.56 71.39 469.69 676.18 1,217.26 86.11 -13.11 41.04
NFD Kangpokpi 1,196.84 76.20 238.76 441.55 756.51 63.21 -29.84 57.78
Senapati FD 1,713.78 168.35 392.93 724.71 1,285.99 75.04 84.34 108.39
Southern FD, CCP 4,541.43 42.97 1,537.29 2,135.72 3,715.98 81.82 -136.41 189.48
Tengnoupal FD 3,250.47 10.27 924.98 1,761.23 2,696.48 82.96 -21.93 180.47
Thoubal FD 811.40 0.00 5.27 82.94 88.21 10.87 -5.95 32.75
Western FD,
3,279.96 340.10 1,288.37 1,173.05 2,801.52 85.41 -40.31 124.55
Tamenglong
Area Which Does
not fall in any 91.94 1.51 25.89 35.76 63.16 68.70 -3.14 0.77
Division
Grand Total 22,409.80 904.05 6,217.55 9,463.86 16,585.46 74.01 -54.83 973.65
#As per the division boundary shape file provided by State Forest Department.
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

10.16.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)

The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.16.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Manipur
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
893.52 5,744.86 8,152.43 10.53 472.69 1,311.43
14,790.81 1,794.65
6.04% 38.84% 55.12% 0.59% 26.34% 73.07%
*In case of Manipur, Green Wash boundaries have been used.
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Figure 10.16.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of Green Wash in Manipur
Table 10.16.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for
Manipur between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 882.54 4.13 0.31 0.00 6.89 893.87
MDF 10.57 5,488.95 155.57 1.48 119.79 5,776.36
OF 0.41 236.77 7,524.24 55.68 350.95 8,168.05
Scrub 0.00 9.88 347.38 334.65 48.55 740.46
NF 0.00 5.13 124.93 309.44 1,458.37 1,897.87
Total ISFR
2023 inside 893.52 5,744.86 8,152.43 701.25 1,984.55 17,476.61
RFA /GW
Net Change -0.35 -31.50 -15.62 -39.21 86.68
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Table 10.16.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for
Manipur between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 10.47 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.16 10.68
MDF 0.06 453.03 21.58 0.06 9.42 484.15
OF 0.00 18.22 1,211.99 19.42 57.55 1,307.18
Scrub 0.00 0.85 55.00 162.45 18.11 236.41
NF 0.00 0.54 22.86 90.47 2,698.10 2,811.97
Total ISFR
2023 outside 10.53 472.69 1,311.43 272.40 2,783.34 4,850.39
RFA/GW
189

Net Change -0.15 -11.46 4.25 35.99 -28.63

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Forest Survey of India
 MANIPUR

Table 10.16.8 Altitude-Wise Forest Cover in Manipur

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 3,303 13.48 1,098.17 1,895.95 3,007.60 65.87
500-1000 9,066 31.87 2,098.52 3,559.45 5,689.84 425.69
1000-2000 9,342 507.40 2,905.10 3,933.52 7,346.02 475.13
2000-3000 616 351.30 115.76 74.94 542.00 6.96
Total 22,327 904.05 6,217.55 9,463.86 16,585.46 973.65
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.16.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Manipur

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 2,934 27.23 224.01 483.86 735.10 44.89
5-10 2,361 86.12 539.52 1,084.77 1,710.41 119.95
10-15 3,630 146.32 944.70 1,753.92 2,844.94 193.05
15-20 4,275 171.16 1,230.55 2,089.08 3,490.79 217.54
20-25 3,902 158.29 1,245.94 1,870.96 3,275.19 183.36
25-30 2,753 126.61 980.66 1,251.14 2,358.41 118.95
>30 2,472 188.32 1,052.17 930.13 2,170.62 95.91
Total 22,327 904.05 6,217.55 9,463.86 16,585.46 973.65
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
190

Photo: FSI Repository

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Manipur

Figure 10.16.3 Forest Cover Map of Manipur

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10.16.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Manipur (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification,
1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.16.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Manipur

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 2B/C1/2S1 Pioneer Euphorbiaceous scrub 973.65 5.49
2 2B/C2 Cachar semi-evergreen forest 2,826.42 15.93
3 2/2S1 Secondary moist bamboo brakes 1,248.28 7.02
4 3C/C3b East Himalayan moist mixed deciduous forest 4,451.11 25.08
5 8B/C1 East Himalayan subtropical wet hill forest 6,073.13 34.23
6 8B/C2 Khasi subtropical wet hill forest 410.18 2.31
7 9/C2 Assam subtropical pine forest 705.58 3.98
8 11B/C1b Buk oak forest 507.09 2.86
9 11B/C2 Naga hills wet temperate forest 235.12 1.33
10 12/DS1 Montane bamboo brakes 15.40 0.09
Sub Total 17,445.96 98.32
11 TOF/ Plantation 113.15 0.64
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 17,559.11 98.96
Grassland forest types (outside forest cover)
12 4D/2S2 Eastern wet alluvial grassland 135.93 0.77
13 9/C2/DS1 Assam subtropical pine savannah 48.83 0.27
Sub Total 184.76 1.04
Grand Total 17,743.87 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). Grassland forest types outside forest cover have also been mapped. The total
mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover, scrub and grassland forest types (found in non-forest).
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10.16.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.16.11 District-Wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Bishnupur 5 1
2 Chandel 1,120 461
3 Churachandpur 1,738 767
4 Imphal East 99 4
5 Imphal West 7 0
6 Jiribam 30 14
7 Kakching 20 1
8 Kamjong 862 346
9 Kangpokpi 1,085 317
10 Noney 558 232
11 Pherzawl 696 647
12 Senapati 810 199
13 Tamenglong 1,326 819
14 Tengnoupal 596 266
15 Thoubal 7 1
16 Ukhrul 1,168 423
Total 10,127 4,498

10.16.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.16.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover

1 Extremely fire prone 39.45 0.23

2 Very highly fire prone 2,787.33 15.87
3 Highly fire prone 6,799.43 38.72
4 Moderately fire prone 5,016.92 28.57
5 Less fire prone 2,915.98 16.61
Total 17,559.11 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.
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Figure 10.16.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas Under Different Fire Prone Classes

10.16.6 Results Derived from NFI for Manipur

Table 10.16.13 Number of Trees and Their Volume for Top 5 Species
in RFA
Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Schima wallichii 44,308 7.28

2 Callicarpa arborea 29,123 3.12
3 Quercus species 21,745 3.15
4 Castanopsis species 19,613 3.15
5 Albizia species 15,245 3.06
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Table 10.16.14 Number of Trees and Their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Quercus species 5,700 0.577

2 Castanopsis species 4,188 0.162
3 Schima wallichii 3,677 0.655
4 Pinus kesiya 2,121 0.474
5 Alnus species 1,740 0.243

Table 10.16.15 Number of Trees and Their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Mangifera indica 107 0.010

2 Eucalyptus species 51 0.010
3 Syzygium cumini 35 0.004
4 Parkia javanica/ Gleditsia javanica 33 0.004
5 Psidium guajava 28 0.001

Table 10.16.16 Major NTFP Species in Manipur

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)

1 Emblica officinalis/ Phyllanthus emblica Tree 4,63,852

2 Bombax species/ Bombax ceiba Tree 12,656
3 Cinnamomum tamala Tree 12,482
4 Parkia javanica/ Gleditsia javanica Tree 490
5 Aquilaria malaccensis/Aquilaria agallocha Tree 416
6 Citrus latipes Tree 208
7 Calamus arborescens Shrubs 19,17,679
8 Dioscorea species Climbers 2,20,53,303
9 Thysanolaena latifolia/ Thysanolaena maxima Herbs 15,77,95,644
10 Kaempferia rotunda Herbs 30,78,939

Table 10.16.17 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA in
Manipur
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)

1 Chromolaena odorata 793.04

2 Mikania micrantha 746.39
3 Lantana camara 486.48
4 Imperata cylindrica 159.94
5 Dioscorea deltoidea 46.65
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 10.17
MEGHALAYA
MEGHALAYA
Geographical Area
22,429 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 24◦58’ N to 26◦07’N
Longitude 89◦48’ E to 92◦51’E
Population (as per Census 2011)
2.96 million
Urban 0.59 million (20.07 %)
Rural 2.37 million (79.93 %)
Tribal 2.56 million (21.09 %)
Average Population Density
132 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
1.96 million
No. of Districts
12
No. of Hill Districts
12
No. of Tribal Districts
12

Table 10.17.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 2,243
Reporting area for land utilization 2,203.40 100.00
Forests 866.35 39.32
Not available for land cultivation 322.20 14.62
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 0.00 0.00
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 170.37 7.73
Culturable wasteland 368.52 16.73
Fallow land other than current fallows 153.89 6.98
Current fallows 53.51 2.43
Net area sown 268.56 12.19
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
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10.17.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.17.2 Forest Cover of Meghalaya

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 594.84 2.65
MDF 9,023.81 40.24
OF 7,348.19 32.76
Total 16,966.84 75.65
Scrub 620.41 2.77

Figure 10.17.1 Forest Cover of Meghalaya

Table 10.17.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Meghalaya

(km2)
2023 Assessment % of Change
Calcu- w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod.
District Open lated 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total
Forest Area Raster
Forest Forest
by SoI based*
East Garo HillsH 1,443 67.95 610.63 674.39 1,352.97 93.76 -28.09 78.70
East Jaintia HillsH
2,040 147.58 585.69 595.53 1,328.80 65.14 -20.76 70.95
East Khasi HillsH 2,748 24.48 964.48 765.54 1,754.50 63.85 13.69 90.41
Eastern West Khasi
1,145 98.66 561.40 147.95 808.01 70.57 2.94 19.78
HillsH
North Garo HillsH 1,160 0.00 532.09 523.07 1,055.16 90.96 -15.37 38.03
Ri-Bhoi H
2,448 123.28 1,069.41 890.60 2,083.29 85.10 0.56 50.32
South Garo Hills H
1,887 82.64 934.47 618.59 1,635.70 86.68 -5.28 16.13
South West Garo
866 0.00 236.61 367.57 604.18 69.77 -4.59 1.96
HillsH
South West Khasi
1,401 29.74 469.37 402.72 901.83 64.37 10.10 84.07
HillsH
West Garo HillsH 2,811 0.00 940.57 1,145.84 2,086.41 74.22 12.72 48.30
West Jaintia Hills H
1,779 3.71 793.60 373.46 1,170.77 65.81 -8.03 57.65
West Khasi HillsH 2,701 16.80 1,325.49 842.93 2,185.22 80.90 12.11 64.11
Grand Total 22,429 594.84 9,023.81 7,348.19 16,966.84 75.65 -30.00 620.41
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
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10.17.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.
Table 10.17.4 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Meghalaya
( km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
547.93 7,502.05 6,600.87 46.91 1,521.76 747.32
14,650.85 2,315.99
3.74% 51.21% 45.05% 2.02% 65.71% 32.27%
*In case of Meghalaya, GW boundaries have been used.

Figure 10.17.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of GW in Meghalaya

Table 10.17.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for
Meghalaya between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 507.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.04 508.98
MDF 39.84 7,473.88 14.51 28.93 42.50 7,599.66
OF 0.15 13.77 6,396.05 78.78 86.27 6,575.02
Scrub 0.00 2.08 66.99 401.42 134.85 605.34
NF 0.00 12.32 123.32 56.53 2,009.44 2,201.61
Total ISFR
2023 inside 547.93 7,502.05 6,600.87 565.66 2,274.10 17,490.61
RFA /GW
Net Change 38.95 -97.61 25.85 -39.68 72.49
198

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Meghalaya

Table 10.17.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for

Meghalaya between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 46.15 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.16 46.47
MDF 0.62 1,514.58 3.53 2.71 16.31 1,537.75
OF 0.00 0.32 708.20 4.61 15.83 728.96
Scrub 0.00 0.50 4.02 35.58 26.02 66.12
NF 0.14 6.36 31.41 11.85 2,509.33 2,559.09
Total ISFR
2023 outside 46.91 1,521.76 747.32 54.75 2,567.65 4,938.39
RFA/GW
Net Change 0.44 -15.99 18.36 -11.37 8.56
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.17.7 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Meghalaya

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 10,152 310.80 4,142.05 4,052.63 8,505.48 209.01
500-1000 6,239 208.66 2,622.68 2,286.08 5,117.42 319.26
1000-2000 6,038 75.38 2,259.08 1,009.48 3,343.94 92.14
Total 22,429 594.84 9,023.81 7,348.19 16,966.84 620.41
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.17.8 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Meghalaya

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 6,169 123.19 1,866.61 1,619.55 3,609.35 139.14
5-10 6,115 127.09 2,420.43 2,095.05 4,642.57 165.24
10-15 4,403 106.48 1,936.62 1602.20 3,645.30 125.76
15-20 2,670 88.47 1,262.07 967.78 2,318.32 81.51
20-25 1,488 65.68 740.51 523.71 1,329.90 48.73
25-30 806 42.06 409.67 277.42 729.15 28.69
>30 778 41.87 387.90 262.48 692.25 31.34
Total 22,429 594.84 9,023.81 7,348.19 16,966.84 620.41
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
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Figure 10.17.3 Forest Cover Map of Meghalaya

10.17.3 Forest Types
The area under different Forest Types in Meghalaya (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification,
1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.17.9 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Meghalaya

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 1B/C3 Cachar tropical evergreen forest 1,518.93 8.29
2 1/2S1 Pioneer Euphorbiaceous scrub 448.48 2.45
3 2B/ C1a Assam alluvial plains semi-evergreen forest 128.27 0.70
4 2/2S1 Secondary moist bamboo brakes 354.84 1.95
5 3C/C1a(ii) Khasi hill sal 1,117.12 6.10
6 3C/C3b East Himalayan moist mixed deciduous forest 8,709.09 47.56
7 8B/C2 Khasi subtropical wet hill forest 3,569.97 19.49
8 9/C2 Assam subtropical pine forest 1,170.24 6.39
Sub Total 17,016.94 92.93
9 TOF/ Plantation 570.31 3.11
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 17,587.25 96.04
Grassland forest type (outside forest cover)
10 9/C2/DS1 Assam subtropical pine savannah 725.26 3.96
Sub Total 725.26 3.96
Grand Total 18,312.51 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). Grassland forest type outside forest cover has also been mapped. The total
200

mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover, scrub and grassland forest types (found in non-forest).

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Meghalaya

10.17.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.17.10 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 East Garo Hills 571 331
2 East Jaintia Hills 766 348
3 East Khasi Hills 380 226
4 Eastern West Khasi Hills 342 493
5 North Garo Hills 356 213
6 Ri-Bhoi 1,559 1,377
7 South Garo Hills 130 90
8 South West Garo Hills 14 15
9 South West Khasi Hills 589 119
10 West Garo Hills 164 114
11 West Jaintia Hills 391 243
12 West Khasi Hills 1,342 750
Grand Total 6,604 4,319

10.17.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.17.11 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover

1 Extremely fire prone 638.89 3.63

2 Very highly fire prone 2,516.49 14.31
3 Highly fire prone 4,013.73 22.82
4 Moderately fire prone 3,752.65 21.34
5 Less fire prone 6,665.49 37.90
Total 17,587.25 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.
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Figure 10.17.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

10.17.6 Results Derived from NFI for Meghalaya

Table 10.17.12 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Areca catechu 36,326 0.83
2 Schima wallichii 15,538 2.28
3 Pinus kesiya 5,872 1.76
4 Anacardium occidentale 5,391 0.76
5 Macaranga species 5,144 0.64

Table 10.17.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Pinus kesiya 48,224 7.363
2 Schima wallichii 27,558 3.984
3 Pinus roxburghii 18,516 2.459
4 Areca catechu 9,991 0.213
5 Castanopsis species 8,367 0.923
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Table 10.17.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Pinus kesiya 287 0.044
2 Areca catechu 145 0.003
3 Pinus patula 93 0.01
4 Pinus roxburghii 54 0.01
5 Schima wallichii 40 0.012

Table 10.17.15 Major NTFP Species in Meghalaya

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)
1 Bauhinia variegata/Phanera variegata Tree 1,08,615
2 Emblica officinalis/ Phyllanthus emblica Tree 62,503
3 Cinnamomum tamala Tree 51,779
4 Areca catechu Tree 36,326
5 Careya arborea Tree 21,901
6 Anacardium occidentale Tree 19,945
7 Terminalia bellirica Tree 10,388
8 Piper sarmentosum Shrubs 1,85,918
9 Ficus Hispida Shrubs 1,48,735
10 Thatch Grass Herbs 3,55,21,791

Table 10.17.16 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA in
Meghalaya
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)
1 Chromolaena odorata 277.44
2 Mikania micrantha 92.91
3 Lantana camara 25.38
4 Saccharum spontaneum 13.76
5 Ageratina adenophora 11.18
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 10.18
MIZORAM
MIZORAM
Geographical Area
21,081km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 21◦56’ N to 24◦31’ N
Longitude 92◦16’ E to 93◦26’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
1.09 million
Urban 0.57 million (52.11 %)
Rural 0.52 million (47.89 %)
Tribal 1.03 million (94.43 %)
Average Population Density
52 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
0.31 million
No. of Districts
11
No. of Hill Districts
11
No. of Tribal Districts
11

Table 10.18.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 2,108
Reporting area for land utilization 2,038.99 100.00
Forests 1,585.30 77.75
Not available for land cultivation 75.25 3.69
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 11.11 0.55
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 41.31 2.03
Culturable wasteland 7.44 0.36
Fallow land other than current fallows 127.32 6.24
Current fallows 46.56 2.28
Net area sown 144.70 7.10
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
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10.18.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.18.2 Forest Cover of Mizoram

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 261.52 1.24
MDF 8,635.76 40.96
OF 9,093.18 43.14
Total 17,990.46 85.34
Scrub 314.54 1.49

Figure 10.18.1 Forest Cover of Mizoram

Table 10.18.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Mizoram

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
AizawlH 2,213.50 15.09 917.38 967.42 1,899.89 85.83 -33.64 13.89
ChamphaiH 1,652.50 42.95 915.45 415.98 1,374.38 83.17 86.69 68.24
Hnahthial H
851.50 0.00 372.14 363.32 735.46 86.37 114.67 12.62
KhawzawlH 1,088.25 9.03 489.22 324.92 823.17 75.64 12.89 49.75
Kolasib H
1,492.50 1.32 636.15 640.45 1,277.92 85.62 -37.58 2.68
LawngtlaiH 2,424.75 78.44 781.73 1,081.75 1,941.92 80.09 50.17 25.51
Lunglei H
3,685.25 30.32 1,263.70 1,964.41 3,258.43 88.42 -30.66 27.77
Mamit H
3,048.25 50.07 1,176.17 1,495.81 2,722.05 89.30 -21.96 32.11
SaitualH 1,651.25 17.10 729.86 612.81 1,359.77 82.35 -17.56 60.92
Serchhip H
1,443.75 16.71 589.59 603.07 1,209.37 83.77 14.17 10.18
SiahaH 1,529.50 0.49 764.37 623.24 1,388.10 90.76 104.54 10.87
Grand Total 21,081.00 261.52 8,635.76 9,093.18 17,990.46 85.34 241.73 314.54
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor. 205

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Table 10.18.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Mizoram

(km2)
2023 Assessment
%
Change
Digitized of
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Digitized
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Division
Forest Raster
Area# Forest Forest Boundary
based*
Area
Aizawl 1,730.75 21.99 649.23 798.89 1,470.11 84.94 -35.81 19.88
CADC 671.79 0.00 177.88 273.03 450.91 67.12 -16.17 4.44
Champhai 3,238.52 59.07 1,646.13 887.57 2,592.77 80.06 87.46 142.78
Dampa Tiger
377.17 29.84 129.38 213.13 372.35 98.72 -0.91 0.04
Reserve
Darlawn 1,527.25 11.48 679.63 633.65 1,324.76 86.74 -30.82 21.42
Kawrthah 816.74 0.00 342.19 322.23 664.42 81.35 -0.69 15.41
Kolasib 1,516.42 1.32 642.97 605.97 1,250.26 82.45 -37.30 2.61
LADC 1,742.20 78.52 596.66 803.28 1,478.46 84.86 67.97 19.95
Lunglei 1,882.48 0.06 717.22 1,002.05 1,719.33 91.33 53.35 11.89
MADC 1,542.89 0.49 769.43 623.50 1,393.42 90.31 102.33 11.96
Mamit 1,785.33 18.00 668.42 928.21 1,614.63 90.44 -19.64 16.16
N.Vanlaiphai 994.69 2.63 460.81 366.20 829.64 83.41 106.89 12.56
Thenzawl 2,187.37 38.09 810.84 1,074.44 1,923.37 87.93 -35.13 20.80
Tlabung 1,084.88 0.00 329.41 545.78 875.19 80.67 -0.20 14.24
Area Which Does
not fall in any 48.43 0.03 15.56 15.25 30.84 63.68 0.40 0.40
Division
Grand Total 21,146.91 261.52 8,635.76 9,093.18 17,990.46 85.07 241.73 314.54
#
As per the division boundary shapefile provided by State Forest Department.
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.18.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Mizoram

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
1 Aizawl 113.71 0.00 41.04 29.22 70.26 61.79 2.18
2 Lunglei 170.28 0.00 70.78 78.39 149.17 87.60 0.47
Grand Total 283.99 0.00 111.82 107.61 219.43 77.27 2.65
*Shapefile of digitized boundary as provided by under Secretary to Govt. of Mizoram; Environment, Forest & Climate
Change Department.
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10.18.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.
Table 10.18.6 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Mizoram
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
259.83 8,438.53 8,931.24 1.69 197.23 161.94
17,629.60 360.86
1.47% 47.87% 50.66% 0.47% 54.65% 44.88%
*In case of Mizoram, Green Wash boundaries have been used.

Figure 10.18.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of Green Wash in Mizoram
Table 10.18.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for
Mizoram between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 192.71 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.98 193.73
MDF 66.11 8,269.75 5.72 1.06 306.00 8,648.64
OF 0.80 10.59 8,026.29 3.14 553.49 8,594.31
Scrub 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.43 0.00 1.43
NF 0.21 158.18 899.20 295.85 1,778.66 3,132.10
Total ISFR
2023 inside 259.83 8,438.53 8,931.24 301.48 2,639.13 20,570.21
RFA /GW
Net Change 66.10 -210.11 336.93 300.05 -492.97
207

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

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 MIZORAM

Table 10.18.8 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for

Mizoram between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.36
MDF 1.33 178.27 0.11 0.00 11.18 190.89
OF 0.00 0.20 111.83 0.00 8.77 120.80
Scrub 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.29
NF 0.00 18.76 50.00 12.77 116.92 198.45
Total ISFR
2023 outside 1.69 197.23 161.94 13.06 136.87 510.79
RFA/GW
Net Change 1.33 6.34 41.14 12.77 -61.58
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.18.9 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Mizoram

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 9,163.00 87.18 3,125.39 4,676.68 7,889.25 62.19
500-1000 8,205.00 76.95 3,610.92 3,421.12 7,108.99 145.70
1000-2000 3,710.00 96.60 1,898.17 994.98 2,989.75 106.65
2000-3000 3.00 0.79 1.28 0.40 2.47 0.00
Total 21,081.00 261.52 8,635.76 9,093.18 17,990.46 314.54
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.18.10 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Mizoram

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 1,565.00 16.74 488.44 602.07 1,107.25 17.56
5-10 2,668.00 43.44 947.33 1,161.01 2,151.78 37.97
10-15 3,625.00 60.25 1,371.99 1,610.57 3,042.81 59.07
15-20 4,058.00 52.71 1,627.50 1,816.08 3,496.29 66.65
20-25 3,713.00 38.34 1,574.11 1,651.69 3,264.14 57.73
25-30 2,745.00 24.68 1,237.70 1,194.65 2,457.03 40.96
>30 2,707.00 25.36 1,388.69 1,057.11 2,471.16 34.60
Total 21,081.00 261.52 8,635.76 9,093.18 17,990.46 314.54
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
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Figure 10.18.3 Forest Cover Map of Mizoram

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10.18.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Mizoram (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification,
1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.18.11 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Mizoram

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 2B/C1/2S1 Pioneer Euphorbiaceous scrub 74.28 0.41
2 2B/C2 Cachar semi-evergreen forest 5,572.04 30.44
3 2/2S1 Secondary moist bamboo brakes 6,656.91 36.37
4 3C/C3b East Himalayan moist mixed deciduous forest 5,897.13 32.21
5 8B/C1 East Himalayan subtropical wet hill forest 7.97 0.04
6 9/C2 Assam subtropical pine forest 92.68 0.51
Sub Total 18,301.01 99.98
7 TOF/ Plantation 3.99 0.02
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 18,305.00 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). The total mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover and scrub.

10.18.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.18.12 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Aizawl 446 442
2 Champhai 581 140
3 Hnahthial 70 178
4 Khawzawl 127 198
5 Kolasib 245 284
6 Lawngtlai 1,385 1,811
7 Lunglei 1,045 1,558
8 Mamit 814 994
9 Saitual 316 340
10 Serchhip 381 245
11 Siaha 388 437
Total 5,798 6,627
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10.18.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.18.13 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover

1 Extremely fire prone 473.93 2.59

2 Very highly fire prone 2,596.79 14.19
3 Highly fire prone 6,252.11 34.15
4 Moderately fire prone 5,164.07 28.21
5 Less fire prone 3,818.10 20.86
Total 18,305.00 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.

Figure 10.18.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes
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10.18.6 Results Derived from NFI for Mizoram

Table 10.18.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Schima wallichii 16,007 3.31
2 Quercus species 15,153 2.38
3 Macaranga species 13,411 2.32
4 Tectona grandis 11,494 3.63
5 Albizia species 5,467 1.15

Table 10.18.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Schima wallichii 27,708 6.989
2 Macaranga species 19,569 2.186
3 Castanopsis species 15,102 2.425
4 Areca catechu 11,989 0.250
5 Quercus species 11,564 3.358

Table 10.18.16 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Areca catechu 1,207 0.024
2 Mangifera indica 950 0.129
3 Schima wallichii 531 0.100
4 Artocarpus heterophyllus 375 0.076
5 Parkia javanica/ Gleditsia javanica 268 0.031

Table 10.18.17 Major NTFP Species in Mizoram

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)
1 Emblica officinalis/ Phyllanthus emblica Tree 38,849
2 Saraca asoca Tree 11,179
3 Aquilaria malaccensis/Aquilaria agallocha Tree 7,710
4 Alstonia scholaris Tree 6,362
5 Costus speciosus Shrubs 11,11,616
6 Hedyotis scandens/ Dimetia scandens Shrubs 7,41,077
7 Calamus spp. Climbers 4,80,328
8 Embelia ribes Climbers 1,37,237
9 Thysanolaena latifolia/ Thysanolaena maxima Herbs 5,16,36,741
10 Curcuma caesia Herbs 32,59,838
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Table 10.18.18 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA in
Mizoram
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)
1 Chromolaena odorata 128.40
2 Saccharum spontaneum 50.44
3 Mikania micrantha 21.78
4 Ipomoea carnea 17.20
5 Ageratina adenophora 12.61

213

Photo: FSI Repository

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 10.19
NAGALAND
NAGALAND
Geographical Area
16,579 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 25◦10’ N to 27◦4’ N
Longitude 93◦15’ E to 95◦6’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
1.98 million
Urban 0.57 million (28.86 %)
Rural 1.41 million (71.14 %)
Tribal 1.71 million (86.48 %)
Average Population Density
119 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
0.91 million
No. of Districts
11
No. of Hill Districts
11
No. of Tribal Districts
11

Table 10.19.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 1,658
Reporting area for land utilization 1,656.74 100.00
Forests 862.93 52.08
Not available for land cultivation 121.54 7.34
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 0.00 0.00
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 69.03 4.17
Culturable wasteland 60.00 3.62
Fallow land other than current fallows 186.44 11.25
Current fallows 91.95 5.55
Net area sown 264.85 15.99
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
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10.19.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.19.2 Forest Cover of Nagaland

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 1,256.38 7.58
MDF 4,461.81 26.91
OF 6,504.28 39.23
Total 12,222.47 73.72
Scrub 667.27 4.03

Figure 10.19.1 Forest Cover of Nagaland

Table 10.19.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Nagaland

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
DimapurH 927 24.70 116.04 323.13 463.87 50.04 -3.48 7.49
KiphireH 1,130 139.29 268.29 404.31 811.89 71.85 -0.54 65.20
Kohima H
1,463 119.25 345.10 625.54 1,089.89 74.50 -4.15 42.47
LonglengH 562 15.73 125.76 243.93 385.42 68.58 5.26 22.76
MokokchungH 1,615 2.32 546.66 791.87 1,340.85 83.02 14.88 36.72
MonH 1,786 96.35 523.69 735.76 1,355.80 75.91 -18.30 99.90
Peren H
1,651 148.40 649.11 702.29 1,499.80 90.84 -8.48 74.95
Phek H
2,026 265.57 549.16 677.58 1,492.31 73.66 0.88 62.08
TuensangH 2,536 356.80 433.80 568.81 1,359.41 53.60 -14.28 108.56
Wokha H
1,628 0.93 461.60 831.04 1,293.57 79.46 -7.99 59.00
ZunhebotoH 1,255 87.04 442.60 600.02 1,129.66 90.01 -15.69 88.14
Grand Total 16,579 1,256.38 4,461.81 6,504.28 12,222.47 73.72 -51.89 667.27
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor. 215

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 NAGALAND

10.19.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.
Table 10.19.4 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Nagaland
( km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
1,156.13 3,168.30 4,195.60 100.25 1,293.51 2,308.68
8,520.03 3,702.44
13.57% 37.19% 49.24% 2.71% 34.94% 62.35%
*In case of Nagaland, Green Wash boundaries have been used.

Figure 10.19.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of Green Wash in Nagaland
Table 10.19.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for
Nagaland between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 1,150.48 0.30 0.03 0.00 8.20 1,159.01
MDF 5.53 3,044.31 8.71 2.12 112.06 3,172.73
OF 0.12 121.72 3,812.89 22.50 261.98 4,219.21
Scrub 0.00 0.19 198.89 185.11 77.83 462.02
NF 0.00 1.78 175.08 127.65 1,293.51 1,598.02
Total ISFR
2023 inside 1,156.13 3,168.30 4,195.60 337.38 1,753.58 10,610.99
RFA /GW
216

Net Change -2.88 -4.43 -23.61 -124.64 155.56

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Forest Survey of India
India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Nagaland

Table 10.19.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for

Nagaland between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments.
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 99.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.08 102.24
MDF 1.09 1,221.95 6.57 0.27 82.85 1,312.73
OF 0.00 70.10 1,964.53 17.02 256.79 2,308.44
Scrub 0.00 0.08 168.53 102.17 100.62 371.40
NF 0.00 1.38 169.05 210.43 1,492.34 1,873.20
Total ISFR
2023 outside 100.25 1,293.51 2,308.68 329.89 1,935.68 5,968.01
RFA/GW
Net Change -1.99 -19.22 0.24 -41.51 62.48
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.19.7 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Nagaland

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 4,047 0.00 1,160.30 1,990.05 3,150.35 66.10
500-1000 5,017 21.91 1,342.76 2,247.37 3,612.04 253.38
1000-2000 6,470 596.57 1,734.72 2,143.43 4,474.72 339.24
2000-3000 1,027 627.86 217.82 121.95 967.63 8.41
3000-4000 18 10.04 6.21 1.48 17.73 0.14
Total 16,579 1,256.38 4,461.81 6,504.28 12,222.47 667.27
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.19.8 Forest Cover in different slope classes in Nagaland

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 1,710 22.93 318.44 655.36 996.73 37.52
5-10 2,006 77.43 509.84 905.37 1,492.64 74.64
10-15 2,805 152.59 724.39 1,205.53 2,082.51 121.67
15-20 3,097 215.99 830.26 1,261.38 2,307.63 139.33
20-25 2,809 242.54 785.39 1,076.16 2,104.09 126.73
25-30 2,113 220.30 621.73 757.72 1,599.75 93.18
>30 2,039 324.60 671.76 642.76 1,639.12 74.20
Total 16,579 1,256.38 4,461.81 6,504.28 12,222.47 667.27
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
217

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 NAGALAND

Figure 10.19.3 Forest Cover Map of Nagaland

218

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Nagaland

10.19.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Nagaland (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification,
1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.19.9 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Nagaland

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 1B/C1 Assam Valley tropical wet evergreen forest (Dipterocarpus) 71.66 0.55
2 1/2S1 Pioneer Euphorbiaceous scrub 667.27 5.17
3 2B/C1/2S2 Eastern alluvial secondary semi-evergreen forest 2,436.73 18.88
4 2/2S1 Secondary moist bamboo brakes 491.42 3.81
5 3C/C3b East Himalayan moist mixed deciduous forest 4,899.37 37.95
6 8B/C2 Khasi subtropical wet hill forest 2,008.62 15.56
7 9/C2 Assam subtropical pine forest 700.80 5.43
8 11B/C2 Naga hill wet temperate forest 1,446.81 11.21
9 12/DS1 Montane bamboo brakes 15.44 0.12
Sub Total 12,738.12 98.68
10 TOF/ Plantation 151.62 1.17
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 12,889.74 99.86
Grassland forest type (outside forest cover)
11 9/C2/DS1 Assam subtropical pine savannah 18.39 0.14
Grand Total 12,908.13 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown
in the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023).Grassland forest type outside forest cover has also been mapped. The total
mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover, scrub and grassland forest types (found in non-forest).

10.19.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.19.10 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Dimapur 196 134
2 Kiphire 209 239
3 Kohima 402 182
4 Longleng 118 115
5 Mokokchung 156 120
6 Mon 557 442
7 Peren 590 345
8 Phek 672 291
9 Tuensang 397 327
10 Wokha 248 185
11 Zunheboto 337 229
Total 3,882 2,609
219

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 NAGALAND

10.19.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.19.11 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover

1 Extremely fire prone 0.00 0.00

2 Very highly fire prone 385.65 2.99
3 Highly fire prone 2,938.57 22.80
4 Moderately fire prone 4,410.46 34.22
5 Less fire prone 5,155.06 39.99
Total 12,889.74 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.

Figure 10.19.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas Under Different Fire Prone Classes
220

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Nagaland

10.19.6 Results Derived from NFI for Nagaland

Table 10.19.12 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species
in RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Quercus species 20,694 4.02
2 Castanopsis species 16,225 1.55
3 Schima wallichii 15,635 2.77
4 Macaranga species 12,677 1.69
5 Premna bengalensis 5,646 0.23

Table 10.19.13 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Alnus nepalensis 9,067 3.001
2 Schima wallichii 8,109 2.039
3 Macaranga species 7,969 0.695
4 Castanopsis species 5,454 0.433
5 Quercus species 4,954 0.452

Table 10.19.14 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Areca catechu 100 0.002
2 Mangifera indica 51 0.014
3 Aquilaria malaccensis/ Aquilaria agallocha 24 0.001
4 Tectona grandis 21 0.007
5 Parkia javanica/ Gleditsia javanica 16 0.002

Table 10.19.15 Major NTFP Species in Nagaland

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)
1 Emblica officinalis/ Phyllanthus emblica Tree 64,028
2 Oroxylum indicum Tree 9,206
3 Livistona jenkinsiana Tree 2,467
4 Cinnamomum tamala Tree 255
5 Clerodendrum colebrookeanum Shrubs 8,63,064
6 Paris polyphylla Shrubs 1,29,460
7 Butea buteiformis Shrubs 1,07,883
8 Asparagus racemosus Climbers 4,15,350
9 Thysanolaena latifolia/ Thysanolaena maxima Herbs 4,46,69,511
10 Curcuma angustifolia Herbs 33,87,262
221

Forest Survey of India

 NAGALAND

Table 10.19.16 Major invasive Species in the State inside the RFA in
Nagaland
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)
1 Chromolaena odorata 777.86
2 Mikania micrantha 295.14
3 Ageratina adenophora 98.80
4 Imperata cylindrica 73.78
5 Lantana camara 70.03
222

Photo: FSI Repository

Forest Survey of India
Photo: FSI Repository
 10.20
ODISHA
ODISHA
Geographical Area
1,55,707 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 17◦47’ N to 22◦34’ N
Longitude 81◦22’ E to 87◦29’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
41.97 million
Urban 7.00 million (16.68 %)
Rural 34.97 million (83.32 %)
Tribal 9.59 million (22.85 %)
Average Population Density
270 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
20.73 million
No. of Districts
30
No. of Hill Districts
0
No. of Tribal Districts
12

Table 10.20.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 15,571
Reporting area for land utilization 14,845.28 100.00
Forests 5,215.60 35.13
Not available for land cultivation 2,338.58 15.75
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 509.29 3.43
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 251.56 1.69
Culturable wasteland 576.82 3.89
Fallow land other than current fallows 688.16 4.64
Current fallows 943.46 6.36
Net area sown 4,321.81 29.11
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
224

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Odisha

10.20.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.20.2 Forest Cover of Odisha

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 7,224.42 4.64
MDF 21,065.55 13.53
OF 24,143.59 15.50
Total 52,433.56 33.67
Scrub 4,632.68 2.98

Figure 10.20.1 Forest Cover of Odisha

Table 10.20.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Odisha

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Angul 6,375 371.48 1,373.67 1,028.79 2,773.94 43.51 -5.56 49.84
Balangir 6,575 69.07 227.59 860.62 1,157.28 17.60 5.01 100.60
Baleswar 3,806 22.63 132.14 237.41 392.18 10.30 11.39 38.19
Bargarh 5,837 175.97 374.94 531.34 1,082.25 18.54 1.16 15.88
Baudh 3,098 266.01 569.03 472.48 1,307.52 42.21 3.47 48.32
Bhadrak 2,505 0.12 9.14 65.39 74.65 2.98 0.14 0.00
Cuttack 3,932 51.98 233.51 532.80 818.29 20.81 0.75 55.77
Deogarh 2,940 193.13 672.19 618.64 1,483.96 50.47 -1.73 16.43
Dhenkanal 4,452 172.60 436.89 829.78 1,439.27 32.33 3.53 82.38
Gajapati 4,325 328.49 722.53 1,447.78 2,498.80 57.78 -11.63 213.19
Ganjam 8,206 174.74 1,114.20 1,126.75 2,415.69 29.44 169.18 452.83
Jagatsinghpur 1,668 0.00 4.83 136.11 140.94 8.45 -0.47 0.00
Jajapur 2,899 5.49 74.20 232.96 312.65 10.78 6.24 44.89
Jharsuguda 2,081 2.75 169.72 156.42 328.89 15.80 0.88 32.12
Kalahandi 7,920 368.10 713.87 1,294.94 2,376.91 30.01 -61.94 402.85
Kandhamal 8,021 653.03 2,598.55 2,150.45 5,402.03 67.35 -2.70 440.97
Kendrapara 2,644 81.55 86.53 161.10 329.18 12.45 1.55 1.75
Kendujhar 8,303 290.04 1,412.30 1,486.74 3,189.08 38.41 -30.92 85.51
Khordha 2,813 22.19 188.73 319.48 530.40 18.86 7.19 121.27
Koraput 8,807 52.23 549.61 1,493.45 2,095.29 23.79 25.86 1,396.58
Malkangiri 5,791 159.66 707.40 1,444.44 2,311.50 39.92 -12.34 59.32
Mayurbhanj 10,418 1,329.22 1,743.49 1,026.03 4,098.74 39.34 3.92 30.66
Nabarangpur 5,291 154.08 424.95 597.50 1,176.53 22.24 -29.46 83.07
Nayagarh 3,890 191.33 981.82 593.98 1,767.13 45.43 33.61 117.49
Nuapada 3,852 106.25 536.46 745.54 1,388.25 36.04 78.52 12.79
Puri 3,479 0.00 53.63 231.40 285.03 8.19 1.37 5.45
Rayagada 7,073 385.49 1,185.77 1,714.99 3,286.25 46.46 5.17 606.48
225

Sambalpur 6,657 536.47 1,724.59 1,059.23 3,320.29 49.88 -31.27 31.17

Forest Survey of India

 ODISHA

Table 10.20.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Odisha

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Subarnapur 2,337 43.08 195.52 164.17 402.77 17.23 -1.55 10.53
Sundargarh 9,712 1,017.24 1,847.75 1,382.88 4,247.87 43.74 -17.48 76.35
Grand Total 1,55,707 7,224.42 21,065.55 24,143.59 52,433.56 33.67 151.89 4,632.68
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.20.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Odisha

(km2)
2023 Assessment
%
Change
Digitized of
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Digitized
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Division
Forest Raster
Area # Forest Forest Boundary
based*
Area
Angul 2,824.86 49.42 367.13 454.39 870.94 30.83 -4.35 26.30
Athagarh 1,529.22 51.37 189.11 314.90 555.38 36.32 -0.33 23.14
Athamalik 1,847.22 93.30 465.99 287.44 846.73 45.84 2.36 10.43
Balasore (WL) 3,813.52 22.49 132.14 235.52 390.15 10.23 11.12 38.09
Baliguda 4,399.21 299.27 1,306.77 1,357.56 2,963.60 67.37 -7.04 322.39
Bamra 2,351.58 308.24 525.54 338.28 1,172.06 49.84 -17.99 14.21
Bargarh 5,343.52 103.14 227.64 440.70 771.48 14.44 1.26 14.11
Baripada 4,688.88 182.32 552.14 557.17 1,291.63 27.55 1.75 14.83
Berhampur 3,427.41 21.26 161.54 374.74 557.54 16.27 77.38 196.47
Bhadrak 2,594.24 0.11 8.46 67.93 76.50 2.95 0.14 0.00
Bolangir 6,569.65 69.12 229.04 859.94 1,158.10 17.63 5.74 100.40
Bonai 2,749.31 626.10 841.39 437.26 1,904.75 69.28 -8.96 12.03
Boudh 2,988.48 246.80 508.97 460.26 1,216.03 40.69 3.52 47.49
Chandaka (WL) 494.28 0.00 33.36 167.45 200.81 40.63 0.00 36.03
Chilika (WL) 1,381.41 0.00 16.29 29.50 45.79 3.31 4.63 9.73
City Forest 1,445.18 0.00 0.51 58.39 58.90 4.08 -0.07 1.28
Cuttack 5,043.28 5.67 87.41 442.89 535.97 10.63 5.50 55.65
Deogarh 4,115.00 317.08 909.82 847.28 2,074.18 50.41 -6.07 24.62
Dhenkanal 4,462.98 171.31 435.13 828.57 1,435.01 32.15 3.80 82.26
Ghumsur North 1,781.52 131.01 470.46 275.80 877.27 49.24 22.32 45.37
Ghumsur South 2,860.06 27.48 480.61 435.67 943.76 33.00 61.61 175.65
Hirakud (WL) 473.22 72.02 143.33 83.21 298.56 63.09 0.00 1.51
Jeypore 3,026.93 18.38 198.22 508.45 725.05 23.95 -13.05 133.36
Jharsuguda 2,120.65 2.75 177.78 159.50 340.03 16.03 0.89 32.41
Kalahandi North 3,826.74 220.22 298.83 610.29 1,129.34 29.51 -11.21 173.33
Kalahandi South 4,097.24 147.01 412.10 680.29 1,239.40 30.25 -51.84 230.48
Karanjia 2,369.07 308.15 468.66 224.39 1,001.20 42.26 0.50 5.71
Keonjhar 6,266.88 161.76 1,164.20 1,147.58 2,473.54 39.47 -33.59 70.15
Keonjhar (WL) 2,030.80 127.45 245.33 337.77 710.55 34.99 2.42 16.14
226

Khariar 3,235.19 63.73 288.01 541.68 893.42 27.62 79.35 11.45

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Odisha

Table 10.20.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Odisha

(km2)
2023 Assessment
%
Change
Digitized of
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Digitized
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Division
Forest Raster
Area# Forest Forest Boundary
based*
Area
Khordha 3,553.01 47.17 298.39 318.18 663.74 18.68 7.37 140.65
Koraput 5,197.02 29.74 295.96 944.37 1,270.07 24.44 39.16 1,236.47
Mahanadi (WL) 414.61 80.59 210.25 56.20 347.04 83.70 0.07 0.48
Malkangiri 5,975.42 162.52 752.85 1,492.65 2,408.02 40.30 -11.52 61.54
Nabarangpur 5,482.20 152.57 417.66 596.38 1,166.61 21.28 -30.38 84.21
Nayagarh 3,078.18 103.93 702.36 486.63 1,292.92 42.00 33.43 67.74
Parlakhemundi 4,333.90 324.31 720.71 1,450.66 2,495.68 57.59 -7.44 239.92
Phulbani 3,634.06 353.25 1,292.36 788.36 2,433.97 66.98 4.00 105.50
Puri (WL) 1,763.14 0.00 37.32 183.21 220.53 12.51 0.84 4.90
Rairakhol 2,050.37 173.34 787.59 441.27 1,402.20 68.39 -1.95 3.17
Rairangpur 2,440.44 297.92 373.56 210.34 881.82 36.13 1.57 6.92
Rajnagar (WL) 2,854.25 81.53 90.75 154.71 326.99 11.46 0.80 1.75
Rayagada 7,405.24 385.83 1,192.52 1,727.61 3,305.96 44.64 5.28 607.57
Rourkela 2,999.59 117.29 426.32 379.23 922.84 30.77 6.53 31.36
Sambalpur 2,254.19 55.18 407.29 283.40 745.87 33.09 -11.57 13.71
Satkosia (WL) 632.89 104.70 314.89 66.53 486.12 76.81 2.34 8.83
STR Baripada 906.73 536.23 339.77 17.05 893.05 98.49 0.00 0.00
Subarnapur 2,366.19 43.07 195.50 164.01 402.58 17.01 -1.56 10.53
Sunabeda (WL) 628.06 42.18 241.53 202.29 486.00 77.38 -0.92 1.10
Sundargarh 3,989.35 271.50 572.60 561.73 1,405.83 35.24 -15.21 32.87
Area which does
not fall in any 378.08 14.61 49.46 53.98 118.05 31.22 1.26 48.44
division
Grand Total 1,56,494.45 7,224.42 21,065.55 24,143.59 52,433.56 33.51 151.89 4,632.68
# As per the division boundary shapefile provided by State Forest Department.
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

10.20.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.20.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Odisha
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
5,709.16 14,834.51 12,496.80 1,515.26 6,231.04 11,646.79
33,040.47 19,393.09
17.28% 44.90% 37.82% 7.81% 32.13% 60.06%
227

*In case of Odisha, RFA boundaries have been used.

Forest Survey of India

 ODISHA

Figure 10.20.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Odisha

Table 10.20.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for
Odisha Between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 5,664.23 13.86 8.63 9.83 9.52 5,706.07
MDF 42.03 14,633.68 58.62 39.68 26.08 14,800.09
OF 1.34 141.93 12,083.19 91.49 98.19 12,416.14
Scrub 0.28 28.28 278.36 1,478.51 223.23 2,008.66
NF 1.28 16.76 68.00 115.25 7,298.37 7,499.66
Total ISFR
2023 inside 5,709.16 14,834.51 12,496.80 1,734.76 7,655.39 42,430.62
RFA /GW
Net Change 3.09 34.42 80.66 -273.90 155.73
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Table 10.20.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for
Odisha between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 1,512.19 5.89 0.89 0.47 1.70 1,521.14
MDF 2.39 6,153.61 27.08 18.82 25.78 6,227.68
OF 0.07 51.85 11,286.96 105.97 165.70 11,610.55
Scrub 0.01 6.70 189.56 1,997.43 664.39 2,858.09
NF 0.60 12.99 142.30 775.23 90,127.80 91,058.92
Total ISFR
2023 outside 1,515.26 6,231.04 11,646.79 2,897.92 90,985.37 1,13,276.38
RFA/GW
228

Net Change -5.88 3.36 36.24 39.83 -73.55

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Forest Survey of India
India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Odisha

Table 10.20.8 Altitude-Wise Forest Cover in Odisha

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 1,19,476 4,157.08 14,018.59 16,576.55 34,752.22 2,034.04
500-1000 34,706 3,006.42 6,878.95 7,294.39 17,179.76 2,225.33
1000-2000 1,525 60.92 168.01 272.65 501.58 373.31
Total 1,55,707 7,224.42 21,065.55 24,143.59 52,433.56 4,632.68
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.20.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Odisha

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 1,09,048 2,707.31 9,686.21 13,343.51 25,737.03 2,060.02
5-10 15,890 1,534.65 3,788.51 3,494.14 8,817.30 761.22
10-15 10,209 1,168.93 2,766.91 2,479.80 6,415.64 599.19
15-20 9,130 821.08 2,093.51 2,000.28 4,914.87 509.48
20-25 6,609 526.65 1,439.11 1,449.93 3,415.69 365.58
25-30 3,005 287.63 801.62 843.18 1,932.43 204.25
>30 1,816 178.17 489.68 532.75 1,200.60 132.94
Total 1,55,707 7,224.42 21,065.55 24,143.59 52,433.56 4,632.68
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Figure 10.20.3 Forest Cover Map of Odisha

229

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 ODISHA

10.20.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Odisha (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification,
1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.
Table 10.20.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Odisha
(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 2B/C3 Odisha semi-evergreen forest 64.31 0.11
2 2/2S1 Secondary moist bamboo brakes 199.45 0.35
3 3B/C2 Southern moist mixed deciduous forest 1,326.67 2.32
4 3B/C2/2S1 Southern Secondary moist mixed deciduous forest 417.48 0.73
5 3C/C1d Peninsular (coastal) sal forest 4.01 0.01
6 3C/C2e (i) Moist peninsular high level sal 2,437.93 4.27
7 3C/C2e (ii) Moist peninsular low level sal 12,459.88 21.82
8 3C/C2e (iii) Moist peninsular valley sal 940.38 1.65
9 3C/C3/2S1 Northern secondary moist mixed deciduous forest 4,786.46 8.39
10 4A/L1 Littoral forest 157.64 0.28
11 4B/TS2 Mangrove forest 267.23 0.47
12 5A/C1b Dry teak forest 173.34 0.30
13 5A/C3 Southern dry mixed deciduous forest 6,023.23 10.55
14 5B/C1c Dry peninsular sal forest 9,775.63 17.13
15 5B/C2 Northern dry mixed deciduous forest 12,050.12 21.11
16 5/DS1 Dry deciduous scrub 2,714.24 4.76
17 5/E2 Boswellia forest 26.28 0.05
18 5/E9 Dry bamboo brakes 814.92 1.43
Sub Total 54,639.20 95.73
19 TOF/ Plantation 2,427.04 4.26
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 57,066.24 99.99
Grassland forest type (outside forest cover)
20. 3C/C2/DS1 Moist sal savannah 7.20 0.01
Sub Total 7.20 0.01
Grand Total 57,073.44 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). Grassland forest type outside forest cover has also been mapped. The total
mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover, scrub and grassland forest types (found in non-forest).

10.20.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.
Table 10.20.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Angul 1,471 833
2 Balangir 468 286
3 Baleswar 116 19
230

4 Bargarh 743 316

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Odisha

Table 10.20.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
5 Bhadrak 36 3
6 Baudh 675 189
7 Cuttack 256 166
8 Deogarh 1,145 329
9 Dhenkanal 663 201
10 Gajapati 1,498 814
11 Ganjam 1,499 593
12 Jagatsinghpur 4 13
13 Jajapur 120 127
14 Jharsuguda 468 157
15 Kalahandi 1,889 1,768
16 Kandhamal 3,090 2,591
17 Kendrapara 17 8
18 Kendujhar 2,204 926
19 Khordha 256 63
20 Koraput 1,447 1,994
21 Malkangiri 1,107 2,582
22 Mayurbhanj 2,698 800
23 Nabarangpur 1,232 656
24 Nayagarh 847 509
25 Nuapada 1,303 328
26 Puri 22 27
27 Rayagada 2,541 2,646
28 Sambalpur 2,248 692
29 Subarnapur 294 106
30 Sundargarh 3,104 1,231
Total 33,461 20,973

10.20.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.20.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover

1 Extremely fire prone 575.40 1.01

2 Very highly fire prone 10,261.95 17.98
3 Highly fire prone 18,296.36 32.06
4 Moderately fire prone 12,617.42 22.11
5 Less fire prone 15,315.11 26.84
Total 57,066.24 100.00
231

*Forest Cover including Scrub.

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 ODISHA

Figure 10.20.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

10.20.6 Results Derived from NFI for Odisha

Table 10.20.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Shorea robusta 2,93,321 81.73

2 Anogeissus latifolia/ Terminalia anogeissiana 54,592 15.96
3 Terminalia elliptica/ Terminalia crenulata 52,334 13.20
4 Buchanania lanzan/ Buchanania latifolia 50,376 4.57
5 Cleistanthus collinus 50,298 4.31

Table 10.20.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Mangifera indica 23,128 14.323

2 Shorea robusta 21,282 6.931
3 Anacardium occidentale 19,098 1.266
4 Butea monosperma 18,955 2.321
5 Acacia auriculiformis 16,248 1.380
232

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Table 10.21.15 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Mangifera indica 10,118 3.257

2 Tectona grandis 6,841 1.033
3 Cocos nucifera 6,651 1.592
4 Azadirachta indica 6,593 1.435
5 Moringa species 6,378 0.512

Table 10.20.16 Major NTFP Species in Odisha

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)

1 Shorea robusta Tree 1,60,28,395

2 Buchanania Lanzan Tree 28,60,931
3 Madhuca longifolia/ M. latifolia/ M. indica Tree 7,83,120
4 Schleichera oleosa Tree 7,71,953
5 Woodfordia fruticosa Shrubs 1,92,88,459
6 Acacia concinna/ Senegalia pennata Shrubs 2,21,706
7 Hemidesmus indicus Climbers 47,32,579
8 Bauhinia vahlii/ Phanera vahlii Climbers 39,22,498
Ocimum species (Ocimum gratissimum/
9 Ocimum sanctum/ Ocimum tenuiflorum/ Herbs 6,19,06,431
Ocimum americanum)
10 Andrographis paniculata Herbs 4,54,62,536

Table 10.20.17 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA in
Odisha
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)

1 Chromolaena odorata 4,075.54

2 Lantana camara 1,469.41
3 Cassia tora/ Senna tora 368.86
4 Triumfetta rhomboidea 107.28
5 Mimosa pigra 101.26
233

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 10.21
PUNJAB
PUNJAB
Geographical Area
50,362 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 29◦33’ N to 32◦32’ N
Longitude 73◦53’ E to 76◦56’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
27.74 million
Urban 10.40 million (37.48 %)
Rural 17.34 million (62.52 %)
Tribal NIL
Average Population Density
551 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
8.12 million
No. of Districts
22
No. of Hill Districts
0
No. of Tribal Districts
0

Table 10.21.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 5,036
Reporting area for land utilization 5,032.73 100.00
Forests 244.57 4.86
Not available for land cultivation 558.37 11.10
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 4.34 0.09
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 9.21 0.18
Culturable wasteland 8.27 0.16
Fallow land other than current fallows 5.16 0.10
Current fallows 90.24 1.79
Net area sown 4,112.57 81.72
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
234

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10.21.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.21.2 Forest Cover of Punjab

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 9.44 0.02
MDF 784.89 1.56
OF 1,051.76 2.09
Total 1,846.09 3.67
Scrub 41.61 0.08

Figure 10.21.1 Forest Cover of Punjab

Table 10.21.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Punjab

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Amritsar 2,683.00 0.70 10.35 18.14 29.19 1.09 1.67 0.64
Barnala 1,482.00 0.00 0.95 7.93 8.88 0.60 0.07 0.00
Bathinda 3,377.00 0.00 20.75 33.20 53.95 1.60 0.10 7.93
Faridkot 1,442.00 0.00 3.55 12.60 16.15 1.12 0.00 1.10
Fatehgarh Sahib 1,180.00 0.00 2.74 0.27 3.01 0.26 0.00 0.00
Fazilka 2,873.00 0.00 4.14 52.71 56.85 1.98 2.66 0.00
Firozpur 2,389.00 0.00 2.19 11.46 13.65 0.57 0.18 2.23
Gurdaspur 2,601.00 0.00 5.55 18.36 23.91 0.92 0.88 1.36
Hoshiarpur 3,386.00 0.00 368.14 329.17 697.31 20.59 -3.31 11.34
Jalandhar 2,624.00 0.00 1.59 8.60 10.19 0.39 0.26 1.55
Kapurthala 1,633.00 0.00 3.36 9.15 12.51 0.77 0.33 0.99
Ludhiana 3,598.00 0.00 18.05 29.52 47.57 1.32 1.46 0.64
Mansa 2,174.00 0.00 1.35 9.26 10.61 0.49 0.00 0.69
Moga 2,258.00 0.00 0.45 8.42 8.87 0.39 0.00 0.00
Muktsar 2,636.00 0.00 5.18 13.38 18.56 0.70 0.12 0.00
Pathankot 950.00 0.00 96.46 96.00 192.46 20.26 0.20 0.62
Patiala 3,222.00 7.48 28.55 39.08 75.11 2.33 -0.48 4.58
Rupnagar 1,356.00 0.00 105.49 170.41 275.90 20.35 -0.43 1.54
Sahibzada Ajit
1,197.00 0.27 70.52 64.07 134.86 11.27 -0.30 1.25
Singh Nagar
Sangrur 3,625.00 0.00 6.86 16.54 23.40 0.65 0.00 0.00
Shahid Bhagat
1,262.00 0.00 24.43 90.00 114.43 9.07 -3.99 5.15
Singh Nagar
Tarn Taran 2,414.00 0.99 4.24 13.49 18.72 0.78 0.13 0.00
Grand Total 50,362.00 9.44 784.89 1,051.76 1,846.09 3.67 -0.45 41.61
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
235

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 PUNJAB

Table 10.21.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Punjab

(km2)
2023 Assessment
%
Change
Digitized of
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Digitized
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Division
Forest Raster
Area# Forest Forest Boundary
based*
Area
Amritsar 5,087.59 1.72 14.62 31.66 48.00 0.94 1.80 0.65
Bathinda 3,352.22 0.00 20.73 33.25 53.98 1.61 0.10 8.12
Dasuya 1,263.60 0.00 120.00 74.40 194.40 15.38 0.45 4.12
Ferozepur 10,088.85 0.00 6.29 32.51 38.80 0.38 0.30 3.41
Gurdaspur 2,602.52 0.00 5.84 18.34 24.18 0.93 0.90 1.39
Hoshiarpur 1,320.93 0.00 231.21 192.07 423.28 32.04 0.57 0.00
Jalandhar 5,030.71 0.00 4.87 17.52 22.39 0.45 0.60 2.54
Ludhiana 3,650.02 0.00 18.05 29.59 47.64 1.31 1.46 0.65
Mansa 2,193.54 0.00 1.35 9.40 10.75 0.49 0.00 0.71
Muktsar 1,504.47 0.00 9.25 66.36 75.61 5.03 2.66 0.00
Nawanshar 1,294.95 0.00 40.95 148.92 189.87 14.66 -8.35 11.58
Pathankot 950.42 0.00 95.75 94.87 190.62 20.06 0.20 0.63
Patiala 4,036.77 7.45 29.29 37.68 74.42 1.84 -0.48 4.70
Rupnagar 1,342.08 0.00 104.90 167.93 272.83 20.33 -0.43 1.56
Sangrur 5,037.01 0.00 7.79 24.18 31.97 0.63 0.07 0.00
Sahibzada Ajit Singh
1,542.03 0.27 67.15 64.70 132.12 8.57 -0.30 1.28
Nagar
Area which does not
57.93 0.00 6.85 8.38 15.23 26.29 0.00 0.27
fall in any division
Grand Total 50,355.64 9.44 784.89 1,051.76 1,846.09 3.67 -0.45 41.61
#As per the division boundary shapefile provided by State Forest Department.
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor .

10.21.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.21.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Punjab
( km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
8.72 450.21 316.83 0.72 334.68 734.93
775.76 1,070.33
1.12% 58.04% 40.84% 0.07% 31.27% 68.66%
*in case of Punjab, Green Wash boundaries have been used.
236

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Punjab

Figure 10.21.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of GW in Punjab

Table 10.21.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for
Punjab between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 8.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.48 9.20
MDF 0.00 450.21 0.00 0.00 0.36 450.57
OF 0.00 0.00 316.63 0.00 0.40 317.03
Scrub 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.07 0.00 9.07
NF 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.02 137.94 138.16
Total ISFR
2023 inside 8.72 450.21 316.83 9.09 139.18 924.03
RFA /GW
Net Change -0.48 -0.36 -0.20 0.02 1.02
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Table 10.21.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for
Punjab between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.72
MDF 0.00 334.68 0.00 0.00 0.35 335.03
OF 0.00 0.00 724.72 8.16 1.11 733.99
Scrub 0.00 0.00 0.12 24.36 0.00 24.48
NF 0.00 0.00 10.09 0.00 48,333.66 48,343.75
Total ISFR
2023 outside 0.72 334.68 734.93 32.52 48,335.12 49,437.97
RFA/GW
Net Change
237

0.00 -0.35 0.94 8.04 -8.63

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Forest Survey of India
 PUNJAB

Table 10.21.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Punjab

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 49,882.00 9.44 559.25 920.73 1,489.42 39.89
500-1000 480.00 0.00 225.64 131.03 356.67 1.72
Total 50,362.00 9.44 784.89 1,051.76 1,846.09 41.61
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.21.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Punjab

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 48,329.00 8.78 369.18 681.02 1,058.98 36.75
5-10 1,582.00 0.61 225.98 214.50 441.09 3.58
10-15 316.00 0.04 123.78 105.50 229.32 1.00
15-20 99.00 0.01 47.57 37.56 85.14 0.27
20-25 26.00 0.00 13.59 9.37 22.96 0.01
25-30 7.00 0.00 3.72 2.66 6.38 0.00
>30 3.00 0.00 1.07 1.15 2.22 0.00
Total 50,362.00 9.44 784.89 1,051.76 1,846.09 41.61
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
238

Photo: FSI Repository

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Punjab

Figure 10.21.3 Forest Cover Map of Punjab

239

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 PUNJAB
10.21.3 Forest Types
The area under different Forest Types in Punjab (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification,
1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.
Table 10.21.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Punjab
(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 5B/C2 Northern dry mixed deciduous 1,225.22 64.91
2 5/DS1 Dry deciduous scrub 9.05 0.48
3 5/E9 Dry bamboo brakes 30.93 1.64
4 5/1S2 Khair-sissu forest 0.56 0.03
5 6B/C2 Ravine thorn forest 73.54 3.89
6 6/1S1 Desert dune scrub 10.09 0.53
7 9/C1a Lower or Siwalik chir pine 27.13 1.44
Sub Total 1,376.52 72.92
8 TOF/ Plantation 511.18 27.08
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 1,887.70 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). The total mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover and scrub.

10.21.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.
Table 10.21.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected
SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Amritsar 3 7
2 Barnala 7 5
3 Bathinda 15 9
4 Faridkot 2 7
5 Fatehgarh Sahib 0 0
6 Fazilka 1 2
7 Firozpur 4 5
8 Gurdaspur 2 8
9 Hoshiarpur 18 271
10 Jalandhar 0 1
11 Kapurthala 4 6
12 Ludhiana 5 14
13 Mansa 6 0
14 Moga 0 0
15 Muktsar 0 0
16 Pathankot 3 75
17 Patiala 13 18
18 Rupnagar 11 67
19 Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 3 88
20 Sangrur 7 12
21 Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar 10 6
22 Tarn Taran 5 4
240

Total 119 605

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Punjab

10.21.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.21.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover

1 Extremely fire prone 0.03 0.00

2 Very highly fire prone 20.66 1.09
3 Highly fire prone 224.95 11.92
4 Moderately fire prone 202.71 10.74
5 Less fire prone 1,439.35 76.25
Total 1,887.70 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.

Figure 10.21.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

10.21.6 Results Derived from NFI for Punjab

Table 10.21.13 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species
in RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 7,661 2.17

2 Acacia catechu/ Senegalia catechu 6,129 1.20
3 Mallotus philippensis 4,204 0.49
4 Eucalyptus species 2,787 1.91
Leucaena leucocephala
241

5 2,267 0.39

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 PUNJAB

Table 10.21.14 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Eucalyptus species 22,686 4.828

2 Melia azedarach 20,266 2.670
3 Citrus species 9,003 0.215
4 Dalbergia sissoo 8,578 2.574
5 Psidium guajava 6,419 0.227

Table 10.21.15 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Eucalyptus species 2,246 0.396

2 Melia azedarach 1,898 0.242
3 Morus species 742 0.094
4 Psidium guajava 552 0.017
5 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 444 0.027

Table 10.21.16 Major NTFP Species in Punjab

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)

1 Ziziphus species Tree 39,272

2 Acacia catechu/ Senegalia catechu Tree 15,494
3 Emblica officinalis/ Phyllanthus emblica Tree 1,364
4 Bauhinia species Tree 401
5 Butea monosperma Tree 251

Table 10.21.17 Major invasive Species in the State inside the RFA in
Punjab
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)

1 Lantana camara 615.13

2 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 43.09
3 Saccharum spontaneum 40.34
4 Ageratum houstonianum 35.75
5 Imperata cylindrica 20.17
242

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Photo: FSI Repository
 10.22
RAJASTHAN
RAJASTHAN
Geographical Area
3,42,239 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 23◦4’ N to 30◦11’ N
Longitude 69◦29’ E to 78◦17’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
68.55 million
Urban 17.05million (24.87 %)
Rural 51.50 million (75.13 %)
Tribal 9.24 million (13.48 %)
Average Population Density
200 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
57.73 million
No. of Districts
33
No. of Hill Districts
0
No. of Tribal Districts
5

Table 10.22.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 34,224
Reporting area for land utilization 34,292.67 100.00
Forests 2,777.56 8.10
Not available for land cultivation 4,396.61 12.82
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 1,655.31 4.83
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 28.81 0.08
Culturable wasteland 3,680.16 10.73
Fallow land other than current fallows 2,039.70 5.95
Current fallows 1,584.92 4.62
Net area sown 18,129.60 52.87
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
244

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10.22.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.22.2 Forest Cover of Rajasthan

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 223.20 0.07
MDF 4,237.41 1.24
OF 12,087.60 3.53
Total 16,548.21 4.84
Scrub 5,476.75 1.60

Figure 10.22.1 Forest Cover of Rajasthan

Table 10.22.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Rajasthan

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Ajmer 8,474.89 0.00 45.50 287.51 333.01 3.93 -18.34 276.83
Alwar 8,383.63 61.72 335.28 801.74 1,198.74 14.30 16.39 320.99
Banswara 4,511.20 0.00 41.66 226.09 267.75 5.94 -0.38 58.28
Baran 7,004.86 0.00 153.27 821.86 975.13 13.92 -33.29 88.50
Barmer 28,387.57 0.00 12.05 297.79 309.84 1.09 19.00 223.02
Bharatpur 5,066.97 0.00 47.11 167.17 214.28 4.23 -6.40 87.93
Bhilwara 10,492.92 0.00 34.55 202.42 236.97 2.26 -0.04 248.66
Bikaner 30,343.12 0.44 24.57 234.43 259.44 0.86 -14.85 50.17
Bundi 5,777.12 1.02 140.13 417.43 558.58 9.67 0.32 177.31
Chittaurgarh 7,822.51 0.00 223.39 764.69 988.08 12.63 1.93 162.17
Churu 13,850.45 0.00 2.24 60.49 62.73 0.45 -11.74 36.36
Dausa 3,424.38 0.30 11.75 109.75 121.80 3.56 -0.23 99.85
Dhaulpur 3,034.43 0.00 77.57 322.66 400.23 13.19 -8.14 75.43
Dungarpur 3,770.52 0.00 43.19 258.80 301.99 8.01 -5.57 101.46
Hanumangarh 9,714.69 0.92 6.04 85.33 92.29 0.95 -2.25 8.92
Jaipur 11,138.09 12.78 101.19 450.61 564.58 5.07 -2.02 318.60
Jaisalmer 38,381.51 2.91 51.49 286.91 341.31 0.89 11.46 233.25
Jalor 10,643.78 0.00 21.00 201.41 222.41 2.09 -11.54 207.69
Jhalawar 6,343.15 0.00 87.83 352.21 440.04 6.94 -4.14 107.92
Jhunjhunun 5,924.19 0.00 19.29 177.54 196.83 3.32 -1.57 205.97
Jodhpur 22,681.16 0.00 5.01 106.22 111.23 0.49 2.66 166.82
Karauli 5,008.09 0.00 87.87 672.55 760.42 15.18 -3.69 269.28
Kota 5,088.30 0.00 147.12 383.79 530.91 10.43 2.25 141.92
Nagaur 17,810.78 0.00 13.25 157.67 170.92 0.96 -4.31 149.20
Pali 12,387.03 21.58 203.38 467.91 692.87 5.59 -9.65 453.45
Pratapgarh 4,433.97 0.00 537.90 458.96 996.86 22.48 -30.79 75.62
Rajsamand 4,620.71 23.22 133.17 356.97 513.36 11.11 -5.97 167.66
Sawai Madhopur 5,026.04 37.04 151.98 328.40 517.42 10.29 -2.91 158.85
245

Shriganga Nagar 10,904.04 0.00 11.42 102.04 113.46 1.04 2.85 16.38

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 RAJASTHAN

Table 10.22.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Rajasthan

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Sikar 7,730.98 0.00 30.78 187.77 218.55 2.83 19.14 233.55
Sirohi 5,138.45 0.00 282.86 616.59 899.45 17.50 0.70 223.68
Tonk 7,197.79 0.00 29.85 140.58 170.43 2.37 4.86 71.41
Udaipur 11,721.67 61.27 1,123.72 1,581.31 2,766.30 23.60 12.46 259.62
Grand Total 3,42,238.99 223.20 4,237.41 12,087.60 16,548.21 4.84 -83.80 5,476.75
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.22.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Rajasthan

(km2)
2023 Assessment
%
Change
Digitized of
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Digitized
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Division
Forest Raster
Area# Forest Forest Bound-
based*
ary Area
Ajmer 8,418.73 0.00 17.99 253.97 271.96 3.23 -17.27 273.15
Alwar 7,209.51 4.20 60.14 390.60 454.94 6.31 8.33 286.11
Banswara 4,476.06 0.00 41.65 224.67 266.32 5.95 -0.34 58.09
Baran 6,905.87 0.00 135.70 772.81 908.51 13.16 -34.98 85.51
Barmer 27,233.70 0.00 11.19 289.29 300.48 1.10 15.63 218.07
Bharatpur 4,859.03 0.00 34.70 98.05 132.75 2.73 -4.42 69.50
Bhilwara 10,487.10 0.00 34.50 202.34 236.84 2.26 -0.03 247.91
Bikaner 18,158.30 0.00 6.08 72.08 78.16 0.43 0.08 16.63
Bikaner IGNP-II 6,754.27 0.43 16.24 109.58 126.25 1.87 -13.32 29.40
Bundi 4,937.80 1.02 36.25 180.79 218.06 4.42 -0.45 113.62
Chhatargarh-IGNP-I 5,384.60 0.00 2.25 52.80 55.05 1.02 -1.62 4.30
Chittaurgarh 6,982.12 0.00 78.55 543.30 621.85 8.91 1.42 137.38
Churu 13,835.70 0.00 2.22 60.39 62.61 0.45 -11.62 36.37
Dausa 3,955.92 0.41 20.38 201.75 222.54 5.63 -2.01 121.51
DCF & DFD I RTR
SWM, DCF & DFD II 2,087.77 36.63 193.53 556.32 786.48 37.67 -2.04 142.86
RTR Karoli
DCF Bharatpur WL 29.17 0.00 4.74 11.62 16.36 56.09 -0.13 1.16
DCF Chittaurgarh
558.53 0.00 313.41 105.40 418.81 74.98 -2.76 3.62
WL
DCF Churu 8.32 0.00 0.02 0.11 0.13 1.56 -0.12 0.00
DCF Jaipur WL 364.51 5.68 44.08 136.77 186.53 51.17 -0.20 31.19
DCF Jaisalmer DNP 3,170.48 0.00 1.05 12.00 13.05 0.41 3.89 9.00
DCF Kota WL 422.43 0.00 94.16 157.38 251.54 59.55 2.17 20.43
DCF Mt. Abu WL 345.51 0.00 182.06 87.36 269.42 77.98 -3.47 4.88
DCF NCS 794.20 0.00 15.40 124.50 139.90 17.62 0.14 63.18
DCF Rajsamand WL 1,161.53 49.84 350.48 389.77 790.09 68.02 -2.10 62.89
DCF Sariska WL 1,182.30 57.87 275.90 410.23 744.00 62.93 7.70 34.34
246

DCF Udaipur WL 570.23 35.53 357.56 96.34 489.43 85.83 -14.94 3.75

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Rajasthan

Table 10.22.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Rajasthan

(km2)
2023 Assessment
%
Change
Digitized of
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Digitized
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Division
Forest Raster
Area# Forest Forest Bound-
based*
ary Area
DCF WL MNP 766.65 0.00 148.55 240.31 388.86 50.72 5.89 57.39
Dhaulpur 2,426.64 0.00 65.99 244.05 310.04 12.78 -7.83 61.59
Dungarpur 3,786.95 0.00 42.91 258.91 301.82 7.97 -5.71 101.63
Ganganagar 10,712.00 0.00 10.94 97.71 108.65 1.01 2.51 15.79
Hanumangarh 9,921.39 0.92 6.53 89.16 96.61 0.97 -1.89 9.35
Jaipur 7,438.58 0.35 26.76 124.61 151.72 2.04 -2.78 70.77
Jaipur North 3,327.93 6.29 29.18 189.32 224.79 6.75 0.91 216.02
Jaisalmer 36,697.00 2.92 51.30 283.35 337.57 0.92 10.87 229.22
Jalor 10,639.30 0.00 21.00 201.70 222.70 2.09 -11.55 208.14
Jhalawar 6,221.56 0.00 80.32 330.04 410.36 6.60 -4.90 105.37
Jhunjhunun 5,915.64 0.00 19.21 176.78 195.99 3.31 -1.58 205.21
Jodhpur 22,696.90 0.00 4.98 106.10 111.08 0.49 2.58 166.89
Karauli 4,076.03 0.00 44.08 431.16 475.24 11.66 -2.55 193.13
Kota 4,488.84 0.00 35.68 207.36 243.04 5.41 1.50 98.17
Nagaur 17,805.10 0.00 13.74 159.18 172.92 0.97 -4.29 150.12
Pali 11,701.40 0.77 26.32 235.29 262.38 2.24 -10.51 408.06
Pratapgarh 4,646.43 0.00 404.24 502.82 907.06 19.52 -25.51 88.85
Rajsamand 4,264.51 0.93 22.77 272.40 296.10 6.94 -5.73 154.55
Sawai Madhopur 3,986.41 0.41 7.61 77.00 85.02 2.13 -1.34 86.43
Sikar 7,726.76 0.00 30.90 188.73 219.63 2.84 19.18 233.97
Sirohi 4,788.36 0.00 101.53 529.39 630.92 13.18 4.29 218.83
Tonk 7,160.40 0.00 28.72 136.91 165.63 2.31 4.77 65.83
Udaipur 5,681.35 5.70 321.68 804.20 1,131.58 19.92 17.80 137.30
Udaipur North 4,846.42 13.30 313.95 567.67 894.92 18.47 11.03 104.27
Wild life Udaipur 23.34 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.90 3.86 0.00 0.16
Area which does not
659.46 0.00 48.29 92.33 140.62 21.32 -6.50 14.86
fall in any Division
Grand Total 3,42,699.04 223.20 4,237.41 12,087.60 16,548.21 4.83 -83.80 5,476.75
#As per the division boundary shapefile provided by State Forest Department.
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

10.22.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.
247

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Table 10.22.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Rajasthan
( km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
216.92 3,892.73 8,596.49 6.28 344.68 3,491.11
12,706.14 3,842.07
1.71% 30.64% 67.65% 0.16% 8.97% 90.87%
*In case of Rajasthan, RFA boundaries have been used.

Figure 10.22.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Rajasthan

Table 10.22.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for

Rajasthan between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 74.46 0.22 0.04 0.24 0.00 74.96
MDF 114.16 3,778.78 79.65 2.55 45.97 4,021.11
OF 28.30 112.26 8,129.29 109.58 203.79 8,583.22
Scrub 0.00 1.47 189.63 2,514.12 86.53 2,791.75
NF 0.00 0.00 197.88 214.85 20,079.66 20,492.39
Total ISFR
2023 inside 216.92 3,892.73 8,596.49 2,841.34 20,415.95 35,963.43
RFA /GW
Net Change 141.96 -128.38 13.27 49.59 -76.44
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
248

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Table 10.22.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for

Rajasthan between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 3.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 3.87
MDF 1.90 320.45 15.85 0.56 15.18 353.94
OF 0.53 21.19 3,241.74 56.40 275.05 3,594.91
Scrub 0.00 0.00 63.44 2,354.02 276.36 2,693.82
NF 0.00 3.04 170.08 224.43 2,99,231.47 2,99,629.02
Total ISFR
2023 outside 6.28 344.68 3,491.11 2,635.41 2,99,798.08 3,06,275.56
RFA/GW
Net Change 2.41 -9.26 -103.80 -58.41 169.06
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.22.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Rajasthan

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 3,24,906.81 79.21 2,618.53 9,430.78 12,128.52 4,602.60
500-1000 17,115.78 139.26 1,527.55 2,611.17 4,277.98 868.54
1000-2000 216.40 4.73 91.33 45.65 141.71 5.61
Total 3,42,238.99 223.20 4,237.41 12,087.60 16,548.21 5,476.75
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.22.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Rajasthan

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 3,15,998.33 30.28 1,551.37 7,085.57 8,667.22 3,922.32
5-10 15,769.17 28.07 832.38 1,933.15 2,793.60 688.33
10-15 4,728.38 34.91 652.51 1,183.69 1,871.11 342.35
15-20 2,658.54 40.19 517.83 824.65 1,382.67 228.28
20-25 1,653.10 38.82 361.99 562.54 963.35 155.13
25-30 901.01 29.33 199.98 318.23 547.54 89.18
>30 530.46 21.60 121.35 179.77 322.72 51.16
Total 3,42,238.99 223.20 4,237.41 12,087.60 16,548.21 5,476.75
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
249

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 RAJASTHAN

Figure 10.22.3 Forest Cover Map of Rajasthan

10.22.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Rajasthan (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification,
1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.22.10 Area Statistics of the Forest types Found in Rajasthan

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 5A/C1a Very dry teak forest 1,073.57 4.87
2 5A/C1b Dry teak forest 44.96 0.20
3 5B/C2 Northern dry mixed deciduous forest 8,400.21 38.15
4 5/DS1 Dry deciduous scrub 2,513.87 11.41
5 5/DS2 Dry savannah forest 2.96 0.01
6 5/E1 Anogeissus pendula forest 3,242.81 14.72
7 5/E1/DS1 Anogeissus pendula scrub 508.04 2.31
8 5/E2 Boswellia forest 151.77 0.69
9 5/E5 Butea forest 52.40 0.24
10 5/E6 Aegle forest 1.78 0.01
11 5/E8a Phoenix savannah 1.97 0.01
12 5/1S1 Dry tropical riverain forest 48.42 0.22
13 5/1S2 Khair-sissu forest 302.60 1.37
14 6B/C1 Desert thorn forest 828.99 3.76
250

15 6B/C2 Ravine thorn forest 327.13 1.49

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Rajasthan

Table 10.22.10 Area Statistics of the Forest types Found in Rajasthan

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
16 6B/DS1 Ziziphus scrub 180.62 0.82
17 6B/DS2 Tropical Euphorbia scrub 1.92 0.01
18 6/E1 Euphorbia scrub 129.40 0.59
19 6/E2 Acacia senegal forest 43.96 0.20
20 6/1S1 Desert dune scrub 1,011.42 4.59
Sub Total 18,868.80 85.67
21 TOF/ Plantation 3,156.16 14.33
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 22,024.96 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). The total mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover and scrub.

10.22.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.22.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Ajmer 8 6
2 Alwar 6 30
3 Banswara 126 203
4 Baran 144 166
5 Barmer 3 4
6 Bharatpur 11 13
7 Bhilwara 15 17
8 Bikaner 7 5
9 Bundi 83 51
10 Chittaurgarh 90 198
11 Churu 2 0
12 Dausa 5 2
13 Dholpur 1 6
14 Dungarpur 77 314
15 Hanumangarh 3 4
16 Jaipur 9 0
17 Jaisalmer 78 44
18 Jalor 16 9
19 Jhalawar 17 30
20 Jhunjhunun 3 3
21 Jodhpur 0 6
22 Karauli 11 11
23 Kota 52 79
24 Nagaur 43 13
251

25 Pali 56 211

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 RAJASTHAN

Table 10.22.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
26 Pratapgarh 646 1,057
27 Rajsamand 40 300
28 Sawai Madhopur 15 11
29 Shriganga Nagar 2 2
30 Sikar 5 15
31 Sirohi 36 103
32 Tonk 6 1
33 Udaipur 443 1,438
Total 2,059 4,352

10.22.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.22.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover

1 Extremely fire prone 92.64 0.42

2 Very highly fire prone 622.77 2.83
3 Highly fire prone 964.79 4.38
4 Moderately fire prone 1,299.19 5.90
5 Less fire prone 19,045.57 86.47
Total 22,024.96 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.
252

Figure 10.22.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes
Forest Survey of India
India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Rajasthan

10.22.6 Results Derived from NFI for Rajasthan

Table 10.22.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Anogeissus pendula/ Terminalia pendula 49,150 2.47
2 Butea monosperma 19,438 2.92
3 Tectona grandis 14,754 0.94
4 Lannea coromandelica 10,406 3.56
5 Boswellia serrata 10,018 3.11

Table 10.22.14 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 1,66,706 3.865
2 Prosopis cineraria 93,706 31.564
3 Ziziphus species 47,892 3.741
4 Acacia tortilis/ Vachellia tortilis 44,388 2.149
Acacia nilotica/ Acacia arabica/ Vachellia
5 41,855 7.256
nilotica

Table 10.22.15 Number of Trees and Their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 4,117 0.200
2 Azadirachta indica/ Melia indica 2,568 0.926
3 Acacia arabica/ Acacia nilotica/indica 892 0.172
4 Ziziphus species 786 0.068
5 Prosopis cineraria 561 0.261

Table 10.22.16 Major NTFP Species in Rajasthan

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)
1 Butea monosperma Tree 6,63,560
2 Acacia catechu/ Senegalia catechu Tree 2,40,230
3 Balanites aegyptiaca Tree 1,88,423
4 Grewia flavescens Tree 1,77,981
5 Aegle marmelos Tree 1,69,979
6 Diospyros melanoxylon Tree 1,42,739
7 Wrightia arborea/ Wrightia tomentosa Tree 29,660
8 Boswellia serrata Tree 26,198
9 Terminalia bellirica Tree 14,998
253

10 Madhuca longifolia/ M. latifolia/ M. indica Tree 14,924

Forest Survey of India

 RAJASTHAN

Table 10.22.17 Major Invasive Species In the State Inside the RFA in
Rajasthan
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)
1 Cassia tora/ Senna tora 973.57
2 Lantana camara 870.22
3 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 642.73
4 Senna occidentalis 250.73
5 Triumfetta rhomboidea 159.00
254

Photo: FSI Repository

Forest Survey of India
Photo: FSI Repository
 10.23
SIKKIM
SIKKIM
Geographical Area
7,096 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 27◦04’ N to 28◦07’ N
Longitude 88◦00’ E to 88◦55’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
0.61 million
Urban 0.153 million (25.15 %)
Rural 0.457 million (74.85 %)
Tribal 0.206 million (33.72 %)
Average Population Density
86 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
0.29 million
No. of Districts
4
No. of Hill Districts
4
No. of Tribal Districts
4

Table 10.23.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 710
Reporting area for land utilization 440.80 100.00
Forests 334.10 75.79
Not available for land cultivation 10.20 2.32
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands - -
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 3.60 0.82
Culturable wasteland 4.20 0.95
Fallow land other than current fallows 4.50 1.02
Current fallows 7.00 1.59
Net area sown 77.20 17.51
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
256

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Sikkim

10.23.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.23.2 Forest Cover of Sikkim

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 1,103.31 15.55
MDF 1,555.89 21.93
OF 699.20 9.85
Total 3,358.40 47.33
Scrub 303.49 4.28

Figure 10.23.1 Forest Cover of Sikkim

Table 10.23.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Sikkim

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
East SikkimH 954 268.99 313.85 132.60 715.44 74.99 4.46 50.85
North Sikkim H
4,226 413.00 587.47 289.86 1,290.33 30.53 1.45 203.89
South SikkimH 750 170.40 284.01 108.61 563.02 75.07 0.94 4.16
West SikkimH 1,166 250.92 370.56 168.13 789.61 67.72 -1.66 44.59
Grand Total 7,096 1,103.31 1,555.89 699.20 3,358.40 47.33 5.19 303.49
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

10.23.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.23.4 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Sikkim
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
831.08 879.76 349.79 272.23 676.13 349.41
2,060.63 1,297.77
40.33% 42.69% 16.98% 20.98% 52.10% 26.92%
*In case of Sikkim, RFA boundaries have been used.
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 SIKKIM

Figure 10.23.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Sikkim

Table 10.23.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for
Sikkim between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 831.08 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.27 831.81
MDF 0.00 879.30 0.56 0.26 0.65 880.77
OF 0.00 0.00 343.19 1.07 0.87 345.13
Scrub 0.00 0.00 4.04 197.50 0.06 201.60
NF 0.00 0.00 2.00 1.77 3,151.30 3,155.07
Total ISFR
2023 inside 831.08 879.76 349.79 200.60 3,153.15 5,414.38
RFA /GW
Net Change -0.73 -1.01 4.66 -1.00 -1.92
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Table 10.23.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for
Sikkim between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 272.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 272.24
MDF 0.00 675.83 0.00 0.00 0.22 676.05
OF 0.00 0.00 346.90 0.00 0.31 347.21
Scrub 0.00 0.00 0.00 102.17 6.30 108.47
NF 0.00 0.30 2.51 0.72 274.12 277.65
Total ISFR
2023 outside 272.23 676.13 349.41 102.89 280.96 1,681.62
RFA/GW
Net Change -0.01 0.08 2.20 -5.58 3.31
258

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Forest Survey of India
India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Sikkim

Table 10.23.7 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Sikkim

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 50 0.18 20.14 15.93 36.25 1.42
500-1000 375 12.35 155.48 96.47 264.30 13.31
1000-2000 1,306 277.80 573.59 247.99 1,099.38 15.36
2000-3000 1,155 578.19 404.78 91.32 1,074.29 7.41
3000-4000 1,103 228.71 368.80 178.28 775.79 102.88
> 4000 3,107 6.08 33.10 69.21 108.39 163.11
Total 7,096 1,103.31 1,555.89 699.20 3,358.40 303.49
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.23.8 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Sikkim

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 351 12.04 15.60 7.44 35.08 7.63
5-10 554 48.62 56.80 25.20 130.62 18.36
10-15 767 109.76 129.67 54.89 294.32 30.46
15-20 969 167.44 211.86 89.81 469.11 41.10
20-25 1,062 199.10 265.78 112.74 577.62 46.95
25-30 1,034 198.32 275.80 117.86 591.98 47.37
>30 2,359 368.03 600.38 291.26 1,259.67 111.62
Total 7,096 1,103.31 1,555.89 699.20 3,358.40 303.49
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

259

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 SIKKIM

Figure 10.23.3 Forest Cover Map of Sikkim

260

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Sikkim

10.23.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Sikkim (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification,
1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.23.9 Area Statistics of The Forest Types Found in Sikkim

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 3C/C1a(i) East Himalayan sal 69.80 1.84
2 3C/C3b East Himalayan moist mixed deciduous forest 190.98 5.03
3 8B/C1 East Himalayan subtropical wet hill forest 889.35 23.42
4 11B/C1b Buk oak forest 877.86 23.11
5 12/C3a East Himalayan mixed coniferous forest 223.74 5.89
6 12/DS1 Montane bamboo brakes 7.08 0.18
7 14/C2 East Himalayan sub-alpine birch/fir forest 903.18 23.78
8 15/C1 Birch/Rhododendron scrub forest 145.60 3.83
9 15/E1 Dwarf Rhododendron scrub 11.50 0.30
10 15/E2 Dwarf juniper scrub 208.76 5.50
Sub Total 3,527.85 92.88
11 TOF/ Plantation 134.04 3.53
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 3,661.89 96.41
Grassland forest type (outside forest cover)
12 15/C3 Alpine pastures 136.28 3.59
Grand Total 3,798.17 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). Grassland forest type outside forest cover has also been mapped. The total
mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover, scrub and grassland forest types (found in non-forest).

10.23.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.23.10 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 East Sikkim 4 36
2 North Sikkim 8 0
3 South Sikkim 30 39
4 West Sikkim 7 26
Total 49 101
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10.23.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.23.11 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover

1 Extremely fire prone 0.00 0.00

2 Very highly fire prone 0.00 0.00
3 Highly fire prone 0.00 0.00
4 Moderately fire prone 29.72 0.81
5 Less fire prone 3,632.17 99.19
Total 3,661.89 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.

Figure 10.23.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas Under Different Fire Prone Classes

10.23.6 Results Derived from NFI for Sikkim

Table 10.23.12 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species
in RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Symplocos theifolia 7,072 0.92
2 Shorea robusta 6,789 3.61
3 Schima wallichii 6,181 2.03
4 Castanopsis species 5,750 5.63
5 Viburnum species 3,555 0.42
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Table 10.23.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Schima wallichii 1,688 0.412
2 Ficus species 940 0.068
3 Alnus nepalensis 447 0.119
4 Alnus species 445 0.220
5 Macaranga species 396 0.077

Table 10.23.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Schima wallichii 10 0.004
2 Pinus kesiya 6 0.005
3 Ficus species 3 0.001
4 Cryptomeria japonica 2 0.001
5 Macaranga species 2 0.002

Table 10.23.15 Major NTFP Species in Sikkim

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)
1 Spondias axillaris/ Choerospondias axillaris Tree 198
2 Machilus edulis Tree 22
3 Thysanolaena latifolia/ Thysanolaena maxima Shrubs 2,85,626
4 Polygonum sp. Shrubs 16,802
5 Rubia cordifolia Climbers 1,77,116
6 Diplazium species Herbs 1,44,17,894
7 Nephrolepis species Herbs 98,08,895
8 Urtica dioica Herbs 12,40,884
9 Aconitum ferox Herbs 2,95,449
10 Podophyllum hexandrum Herbs 88,635

Table 10.23.16 Major Invasive Species in the State inside the RFA in
Sikkim
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)
1 Chromolaena odorata 110.41
2 Galinsoga parviflora 65.55
3 Ageratina adenophora 29.90
4 Mikania micrantha 24.15
5 Lantana camara 21.85
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 10.24
TAMIL NADU
TAMIL NADU
Geographical Area
1,30,060 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 08◦05’ N to 13◦35’ N
Longitude 76◦15’ E to 80◦20’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
72.15 million
Urban 34.92 million (48.40 %)
Rural 37.23 million (51.60 %)
Tribal 0.79 million (1.10 %)
Average Population Density
555 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
22.72 million
No. of Districts
38
No. of Hill Districts
6
No. of Tribal Districts
6

Table 10.24.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 13,006
Reporting area for land utilization 13,033.12 100.00
Forests 2,156.57 16.54
Not available for land cultivation 2,663.42 20.44
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 107.64 0.83
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 186.07 1.43
Culturable wasteland 346.37 2.65
Fallow land other than current fallows 1,863.66 14.30
Current fallows 800.45 6.14
Net area sown 4,908.94 37.67
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
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10.24.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.24.2 Forest Cover of Tamil Nadu

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 3,586.19 2.76
MDF 11,027.03 8.48
OF 11,837.00 9.10
Total 26,450.22 20.34
Scrub 878.29 0.68

Figure 10.24.1 Forest Cover of Tamil Nadu

Table 10.24.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Tamil Nadu

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Ariyalur 1,940 0.01 41.53 350.78 392.32 20.22 -16.83 7.21
Chengalpattu 2,831 0.00 61.64 189.10 250.74 8.86 -5.87 25.63
Chennai 175 0.00 7.82 13.30 21.12 12.07 -2.04 1.98
CoimbatoreH 4,732 354.75 669.13 929.30 1,953.18 41.28 -7.37 7.91
Cuddalore 3,703 0.00 45.54 339.94 385.48 10.41 -6.86 16.26
Dharmapuri 4,497 267.82 840.94 607.53 1,716.29 38.17 -2.39 15.81
Dindigul 6,036 251.84 786.81 849.53 1,888.18 31.28 4.74 33.81
Erode 5,760 399.31 1,137.15 792.00 2,328.46 40.42 17.68 36.59
Kallakurichi 3,256 78.36 236.98 261.40 576.74 17.71 -11.64 40.49
Kancheepuram 1,652 0.00 10.47 61.40 71.87 4.35 -1.82 13.19
KanniyakumariH 1,684 130.50 571.97 310.07 1,012.54 60.13 10.70 0.58
Karur 2,904 1.35 27.89 76.30 105.54 3.63 6.24 9.96
Krishnagiri 5,129 91.67 824.11 699.99 1,615.77 31.50 9.80 35.48
MaduraiH 3,710 39.57 235.35 285.95 560.87 15.12 7.33 39.29
Mayiladuthurai 1,178 0.00 5.40 27.23 32.63 2.77 -0.45 0.00
Nagapattinam 1,391 0.03 17.28 81.26 98.57 7.09 -27.35 0.02
Namakkal 3,420 84.20 285.29 220.75 590.24 17.26 3.98 26.49
Perambalur 1,756 9.33 66.38 67.30 143.01 8.14 -1.73 17.41
Pudukkottai 4,644 0.62 87.37 267.17 355.16 7.65 -10.35 17.68
Ramanathapuram 4,104 0.43 23.58 218.33 242.34 5.90 -10.28 9.71
Ranipet 1,849 0.00 14.31 82.34 96.65 5.23 -7.15 16.54
Salem 5,237 201.37 764.10 525.05 1,490.52 28.46 3.82 36.59
Sivaganga 4,233 0.00 36.95 276.17 313.12 7.40 -9.79 20.81
TenkasiH 2,833 115.00 215.92 153.15 484.07 17.09 3.99 9.16
Thanjavur 3,411 0.07 243.02 85.70 328.79 9.64 -20.14 2.84
The NilgirisH 2,565 447.59 622.92 636.38 1,706.89 66.55 -1.61 9.11
Theni 2,868 176.82 478.16 562.13 1,217.11 42.44 33.09 32.33
Thiruvarur 2,274 0.00 38.83 32.89 71.72 3.15 0.55 0.00
265

Thoothukudi 4,745 0.02 23.49 237.74 261.25 5.51 12.26 82.31

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 TAMIL NADU

Table 10.24.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Tamil Nadu

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Tiruchchirapalli 4,509 54.40 242.75 196.88 494.03 10.96 2.58 50.87
Tirunelveli H
3,860 342.51 352.95 153.88 849.34 22.00 1.52 20.63
Tirupathur 1,964 137.54 504.64 256.98 899.16 45.78 5.33 26.19
Tiruppur 5,187 48.29 234.52 566.32 849.13 16.37 -0.56 8.12
Tiruvallur 3,394 11.85 45.28 222.90 280.03 8.25 -17.50 50.11
Tiruvannamalai 6,188 235.96 601.24 481.25 1,318.45 21.31 -4.99 73.45
Vellore 2,262 63.52 434.51 347.06 845.09 37.36 -8.54 39.33
Viluppuram 3,938 0.00 59.05 191.83 250.88 6.37 -12.57 8.07
Virudhunagar 4,241 41.46 131.76 179.72 352.94 8.32 3.26 36.33
Grand Total 1,30,060 3,586.19 11,027.03 11,837.00 26,450.22 20.34 -60.96 878.29
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.24.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Tamil Nadu

(km2)
2023 Assessment
%
Change
Digitized of
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Digitized
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Division
Forest Raster
Area# Forest Forest Bound-
based*
ary Area
Ariyalur 1,947.91 0.01 41.31 346.61 387.93 19.92 -16.76 7.15
Attur 2,103.73 109.69 382.89 204.31 696.89 33.13 -0.79 7.70
Chengalpattu 4,483.21 0.00 72.44 244.67 317.11 7.07 -8.69 39.67
Coimbatore 2,919.91 124.47 378.36 378.41 881.24 30.18 0.50 6.80
Cuddalore 3,712.62 0.00 44.84 333.88 378.72 10.20 -6.87 13.36
Dharmapuri 2,639.57 60.62 455.18 435.49 951.29 36.04 -3.29 5.66
Dindigul 5,206.65 67.88 508.66 700.67 1,277.21 24.53 2.98 27.31
Erode 2,852.50 238.19 443.08 203.88 885.15 31.03 12.88 3.42
Gudalur 483.05 75.67 113.66 183.95 373.28 77.28 -0.26 2.27
Harur 1,835.02 210.16 383.55 168.97 762.68 41.56 0.84 9.23
Hassanur 529.60 62.96 228.26 207.74 498.96 94.21 -0.36 9.05
Hosur 5,173.89 93.40 825.27 699.21 1,617.88 31.27 10.06 35.50
Kallakurichi 1,838.44 75.02 228.09 129.28 432.39 23.52 -6.85 25.18
Kanyakumari 1,604.15 79.29 541.83 310.41 931.53 58.07 10.40 0.59
Karaikkal 159.85 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00
Karur 2,909.07 1.83 30.78 79.93 112.54 3.87 6.24 11.03
Kodaikanal 941.45 186.61 300.38 180.31 667.30 70.88 2.32 10.36
Madurai 2,660.56 14.33 126.23 192.80 333.36 12.53 4.75 21.66
Megamalai 546.28 16.88 96.63 106.75 220.26 40.32 2.75 5.22
Namakkal 3,430.53 83.61 287.28 225.62 596.51 17.39 4.05 26.33
Nilgiris North 1,073.51 102.19 266.72 339.92 708.83 66.03 -1.75 6.24
Nilgiris South 578.17 139.54 101.41 45.77 286.72 49.59 0.64 0.48
266

Perambalur 1,751.10 11.02 60.82 58.88 130.72 7.47 -1.77 18.27

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Tamil Nadu

Table 10.24.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Tamil Nadu

(km2)
2023 Assessment
%
Change
Digitized of
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Digitized
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Division
Forest Raster
Area# Forest Forest Bound-
based*
ary Area
Puducherry 294.07 0.00 0.02 0.41 0.43 0.15 -0.05 0.00
Pudukkottai 4,688.87 0.43 94.67 268.79 363.89 7.76 -12.21 17.67
Ramanathapuram 4,110.64 0.47 22.73 213.63 236.83 5.76 -9.15 9.30
Salem 3,138.34 89.75 379.25 319.85 788.85 25.14 4.61 28.23
Sathyamangalam 929.47 95.70 423.33 327.19 846.22 91.04 -0.09 16.67
Sivagangai 4,236.89 0.00 36.63 284.35 320.98 7.58 -9.56 20.94
Thanjavur 3,685.04 0.07 245.90 72.62 318.59 8.65 -19.64 3.10
Theni 2,312.87 161.92 384.09 465.52 1,011.53 43.73 30.08 24.05
Thiruvallur 3,419.47 10.88 42.83 221.49 275.20 8.05 -19.05 46.99
Thiruvarur 2,009.97 0.00 36.45 33.00 69.45 3.46 0.54 0.00
Thoothukudi 4,627.27 0.02 22.80 237.14 259.96 5.62 11.99 85.80
Tiruchirappalli 4,518.65 51.50 240.94 203.16 495.60 10.97 2.58 50.46
Tirunelveli 5,435.84 112.09 223.46 222.33 557.88 10.26 9.05 21.32
Tiruppattur 2,028.74 128.12 471.51 231.19 830.82 40.95 -1.87 21.87
Tiruvannamalai (N) 3,687.62 164.36 275.28 194.87 634.51 17.21 -2.24 28.48
Tiruvannamalai (S) 2,526.22 69.65 317.97 284.62 672.24 26.61 -2.81 42.85
Vellore 4,073.12 73.98 478.33 449.11 1,001.42 24.59 -7.88 56.81
Viluppuram 5,408.48 0.00 68.86 327.69 396.55 7.33 -16.95 24.09
WL ATR Pollachi 1,862.69 232.36 324.40 561.98 1,118.74 60.06 -7.95 0.84
WL ATR Tiruppur 5,206.96 48.34 234.34 568.97 851.65 16.36 -0.78 8.07
WL, Chennai 179.16 0.00 6.24 6.28 12.52 6.99 -0.90 0.00
WL, KMTR 1,458.66 391.85 350.98 92.15 834.98 57.24 -1.36 10.71
WL Marine NP 1,564.93 0.00 0.72 4.66 5.38 0.34 -1.43 0.77
WL MTR 410.62 131.43 143.75 66.35 341.53 83.17 -0.06 0.10
WL Nagapattinam 2,591.83 0.03 23.14 101.64 124.81 4.82 -27.86 0.03
WL Srivilliputhur 5,218.73 61.56 222.24 252.86 536.66 10.28 5.91 56.61
WL STR 1,399.73 1.68 12.86 44.75 59.29 4.24 5.10 9.24
Area which does not
319.02 6.63 25.64 2.93 35.20 11.03 0.00 0.81
fall in any Division
Grand Total 1,32,724.67 3,586.19 11,027.03 11,837.00 26,450.22 19.93 -60.96 878.29
#As per the division boundary shapefile provided by State Forest Department.
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
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10.24.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.24.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Tamil Nadu
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
3,344.13 8,681.60 5,708.57 242.06 2,345.43 6,128.43
17,734.30 8,715.92
18.86% 48.95% 32.19% 2.78% 26.91% 70.31%
*In case of Tamil Nadu, RFA boundaries have been used.

Figure 10.24.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Tamil Nadu
Table 10.24.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Tamil
Nadu between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 3,343.53 1.63 0.35 0.00 0.98 3,346.49
MDF 0.04 8,675.59 1.31 1.62 11.41 8,689.97
OF 0.00 2.51 5,661.03 11.21 46.09 5,720.84
Scrub 0.00 0.00 4.64 425.32 4.95 434.91
NF 0.56 1.87 41.24 10.83 3,338.31 3,392.81
Total ISFR
2023 inside 3,344.13 8,681.60 5,708.57 448.98 3,401.74 21,585.02
RFA /GW
268

Net Change -2.36 -8.37 -12.27 14.07 8.93

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Forest Survey of India
India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Tamil Nadu

Table 10.24.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for

Tamil Nadu between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 241.94 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.46 242.47
MDF 0.00 2,341.49 13.23 0.37 28.55 2,383.64
OF 0.00 0.56 5,843.67 11.55 271.99 6,127.77
Scrub 0.00 0.00 1.61 318.60 14.95 335.16
NF 0.12 3.33 269.90 98.79 99,013.80 99,385.94
Total ISFR
2023 outside 242.06 2,345.43 6,128.43 429.31 99,329.75 1,08,474.98
RFA/GW
Net Change -0.41 -38.21 0.66 94.15 -56.19
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.24.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Tamil Nadu

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 1,11,060.00 346.59 5,052.06 8,618.63 14,017.28 718.88
500-1000 13,688.00 1,821.42 4,469.61 2,549.09 8,840.12 137.02
1000-2000 4,437.00 1,094.06 1,384.93 623.08 3,102.07 19.91
2000-3000 875.00 324.12 120.43 46.20 490.75 2.48
Total 1,30,060.00 3,586.19 11,027.03 11,837.00 26,450.22 878.29
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.24.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Tamil Nadu

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 1,09,583.00 323.03 3,430.29 7,481.15 11,234.47 555.65
5-10 5,911.00 527.72 1,748.33 1,283.75 3,559.80 82.19
10-15 3,943.00 583.47 1,501.07 881.37 2,965.91 60.81
15-20 3,364.00 583.64 1,374.03 722.79 2,680.46 55.18
20-25 2,856.00 555.03 1,220.16 603.50 2,378.69 49.12
25-30 2,208.00 482.10 929.95 461.24 1,873.29 40.52
> 30 2,195.00 531.20 823.20 403.20 1,757.60 34.82
Total 1,30,060.00 3,586.19 11,027.03 11,837.00 26,450.22 878.29
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
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Figure 10.24.3 Forest Cover Map of Tamil Nadu

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Tamil Nadu

10.24.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Tamil Nadu (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification,
1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.24.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Tamil Nadu
(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 1A/C3 Southern hilltop tropical evergreen forest 107.26 0.38
2 1A/C4 West Coast tropical evergreen forest 681.19 2.44
3 2A/C2 West Coast semi-evergreen forest 403.33 1.45
4 2A/C3 Tirunelveli semi-evergreen forest 116.60 0.42
5 2/E3 Moist bamboo brakes 328.56 1.18
6 3B/C1a Very moist teak forest 59.20 0.21
7 3B/C1b Moist teak forest 166.14 0.60
8 3B/C1c Slightly moist teak forest 51.59 0.19
9 3B/C2 Southern moist mixed deciduous forest 1,241.41 4.46
10 3B/C2/2S1 Southern secondary moist mixed deciduous forest 259.02 0.93
11 4A/L1 Littoral Forest 7.77 0.03
12 4B/TS1 Mangrove scrub 28.00 0.10
13 4B/TS2 Mangrove forest 20.81 0.07
14 4C/FS2 Submontane hill valley swamp forest 1.93 0.01
15 4E/RS1 Riparian fringing forest 36.69 0.13
16 5A/C1a Very dry teak forest 0.91 0.00
17 5A/C1b Dry teak forest 156.43 0.56
18 5A/C2 Dry red sanders-bearing forest 10.73 0.04
19 5A/C3 Southern dry mixed deciduous forest 6,246.63 22.42
20 5/DS1 Dry deciduous scrub 938.98 3.37
21 5/DS2 Dry savannah forest 260.82 0.94
22 5/DS3 Euphorbia scrub 3.30 0.01
23 5/DS4 Dry grass land 51.70 0.19
24 5/E4 Hardwickia forest 440.61 1.58
25 5/E9 Dry bamboo brakes 147.64 0.53
26 5/1S1 Dry tropical riverain forest 110.64 0.40
27 5/2S1 Secondary dry deciduous forest 2,749.37 9.87
28 6A/C1 Southern thorn forest 1,851.58 6.65
29 6A/C2 Carnatic umbrella thorn forest 1,459.40 5.24
30 6A/DS1 Southern thorn scrub 516.91 1.86
31 6A/DS2 Southern Euphorbia scrub 42.96 0.15
32 7/C1 Tropical dry evergreen forest 302.53 1.09
33 7/DS1 Tropical dry evergreen scrub 77.26 0.28
34 8A/C1 Nilgiri sub tropical hill forest 173.39 0.62
35 8A/C1/DS1 South Indian sub-tropical hill savannah (woodland) 18.73 0.07
36 8A/E1 Reed brakes (Ochalandra) 3.08 0.01
37 11A/C1 Southern montane wet temperate forest 185.14 0.66
38 11A/C1/DS1 Southern montane wet scrub 3.81 0.01
271

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Table 10.24.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Tamil Nadu
(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
39 11A/C1/DS2 Southern montane wet grassland 19.10 0.07
Sub Total 19,281.15 69.21
40 TOF/ Plantation 8,047.36 28.87
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 27,328.51 98.08
Grassland forest type (outside forest cover)
41 5/DS2 Dry savannah forest 108.48 0.39
42 5/DS4 Dry grassland 232.74 0.84
43 11A/C1/DS2 Southern montane wet grassland 192.90 0.69
Sub Total 534.12 1.92
Grand Total 27,862.63 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). Grassland forest types outside forest cover have also been mapped. The total
mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover, scrub and grassland forest types (found in non-forest).

10.24.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.24.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Ariyalur 4 2
2 Chengalpattu 8 4
3 Chennai 0 0
4 Coimbatore 162 13
5 Cuddalore 1 8
6 Dharmapuri 39 101
7 Dindigul 205 798
8 Erode 44 100
9 Kallakurichi 52 43
10 Kancheepuram 4 4
11 Kanniyakumari 178 118
12 Karur 0 1
13 Krishnagiri 277 348
14 Madurai 32 22
15 Mayiladuthurai 0 1
16 Nagapattinam 0 0
17 Namakkal 18 51
18 Perambalur 6 9
19 Pudukkottai 4 14
20 Ramanathapuram 1 1
21 Ranipet 50 58
22 Salem 29 90
272

23 Sivaganga 4 4

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Tamil Nadu

Table 10.24.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
24 Tenkasi 4 7
25 Thanjavur 3 2
26 The Nilgiris 100 400
27 Theni 215 171
28 Thiruvarur 0 0
29 Thoothukudi 4 2
30 Tiruchchirapalli 6 14
31 Tirunelveli 2 0
32 Tirupathur 104 322
33 Tiruppur 133 54
34 Tiruvallur 89 80
35 Tiruvannamalai 109 260
36 Vellore 102 249
37 Viluppuram 4 0
38 Virudhunagar 5 29
Total 1,998 3,380

10.24.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.24.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover
1 Extremely fire prone 0.00 0.00
2 Very highly fire prone 95.86 0.35
3 Highly fire prone 690.41 2.53
4 Moderately fire prone 1,699.73 6.22
5 Less fire prone 24,842.51 90.90
Total 27,328.51 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.
273

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Figure 10.24.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

10.24.6 Results Derived from NFI for Tamil Nadu

Table 10.24.13 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species
in RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Albizia amara 76,363 6.58
2 Anogeissus latifolia/ Terminalia anogeissiana 27,562 6.36
3 Commiphora species 18,187 2.90
4 Eucalyptus species 17,701 2.38
Chloroxylon swietenia
274

5 17,642 1.70

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Tamil Nadu

Table 10.24.14 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 1,00,552 2.306
2 Cocos nucifera 80,370 22.455
3 Azadirachta indica 68,371 5.847
4 Borassus flabellifer/ Borassus flabelliformis 29,497 13.918
5 Mangifera indica 26,516 6.489

Table 10.24.15 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Cocos nucifera 18,440 4.119
2 Azadirachta indica 10,647 1.838
3 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 5,664 0.175
4 Moringa oleifera 5,483 0.340
5 Mangifera indica 3,608 1.208

Table 10.24.16 Major NTFP Species in Tamil Nadu

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)
1 Albizia amara Tree 9,10,036
2 Azadirachta indica Tree 4,75,926
3 Murraya koenigii/ Bergera koenigii Tree 4,05,545
4 Carissa carandas Tree 3,41,514
5 Anogeissus latifolia/ Terminalia anogeissiana Tree 3,37,870
6 Emblica officinalis/ Phyllanthus emblica Tree 2,77,819
7 Ziziphus species Tree 2,45,589
8 Solanum torvum Shrubs 36,60,140
9 Cissus quadrangularis Climbers 8,76,908
10 Cymbopogon citratus Herbs 3,74,67,101

Table 10.24.17 Major invasive Species in the State inside the RFA in
Tamil Nadu
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)
1 Lantana camara 2,045.96
2 Chromolaena odorata 962.59
3 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 166.42
4 Ageratum conyzoides 130.00
5 Cuscuta spp. 111.10
275

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 10.25
TELANGANA
TELANGANA
Geographical Area
1,12,122 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 15◦50’ N to 19◦55’ N
Longitude 77◦14’ E to 81◦19’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
35.19 million
Urban 13.61 million (38.88 %)
Rural 21.58 million (61.12 %)
Tribal 3.29 million (9.35 %)
Average Population Density
306 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
56.10 million
No. of Districts
33
No. of Hill Districts
0
No. of Tribal Districts
3

Table 10.25.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 11,208
Reporting area for land utilization 11,207.70 100.00
Forests 2,767.89 24.70
Not available for land cultivation 1,458.33 13.01
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 266.92 2.38
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 81.91 0.73
Culturable wasteland 111.01 0.99
Fallow land other than current fallows 343.72 3.07
Current fallows 552.73 4.93
Net area sown 5,625.19 50.19
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
276

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10.25.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.25.2 Forest Cover of Telangana

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 1,613.32 1.44
MDF 8,909.90 7.95
OF 10,655.82 9.50
Total 21,179.04 18.89
Scrub 2,829.88 2.52

Figure 10.25.1 Forest Cover of Telangana

Table 10.25.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Telangana

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Adilabad 3,999.63 22.01 694.52 428.73 1,145.26 28.63 -115.50 35.02
Bhadradri
6,985.69 637.34 1,502.71 721.61 2,861.66 40.96 -95.55 28.93
Kothagudem
Hanumakonda 1,652.57 0.00 5.63 42.79 48.42 2.93 0.19 7.81
Hyderabad 191.22 0.00 4.66 13.50 18.16 9.50 1.43 2.86
Jagtial 2,868.72 0.14 195.13 442.53 637.80 22.23 54.70 83.44
Jangaon 2,112.98 0.00 7.92 57.40 65.32 3.09 -2.13 28.57
Jayashankar
2,904.13 70.52 647.44 439.43 1,157.39 39.85 -15.43 37.78
Bhupalpally
Jogulamba
2,576.27 0.00 0.10 34.02 34.12 1.32 0.96 25.59
Gadwal
Kamareddy 3,751.07 0.00 126.03 434.17 560.20 14.93 8.46 114.75
Karimnagar 2,126.21 0.00 0.15 34.05 34.20 1.61 4.45 14.45
Khammam 4,523.77 42.68 261.44 303.35 607.47 13.43 -25.76 21.94
Kumuram Bheem 4,487.77 41.32 987.67 749.27 1,778.26 39.62 -44.61 27.80
Mahabubabad 3,620.76 122.28 508.20 291.54 922.02 25.46 -26.98 37.28
Mahabubnagar 2,748.96 0.00 54.38 129.08 183.46 6.67 12.90 102.34
Mancherial 3,910.76 28.42 782.47 754.04 1,564.93 40.02 34.96 42.08
Medak 2,765.29 0.00 69.45 388.63 458.08 16.57 28.86 91.59
Medchal-
1,075.94 0.00 20.22 122.52 142.74 13.27 1.38 103.93
Malkajgiri
Mulugu 4,259.61 257.80 1,256.04 1,185.55 2,699.39 63.37 -25.91 54.03
Nagarkurnool 6,410.89 332.68 532.20 1,067.65 1,932.53 30.14 50.53 363.14
Nalgonda 7,205.53 0.00 8.16 311.69 319.85 4.44 26.41 370.06
Narayanpet 2,391.23 0.00 11.06 50.70 61.76 2.58 1.78 68.01
Nirmal 3,719.29 57.74 688.43 338.85 1,085.02 29.17 -45.37 24.41
Nizamabad 4,156.80 0.22 158.68 516.68 675.58 16.25 -4.78 139.00
Peddapalli 2,195.46 0.00 67.53 249.02 316.55 14.42 1.83 68.72
Rajanna Sircilla 1,876.92 0.00 62.94 214.67 277.61 14.79 10.81 61.95
277

Rangareddy 5,004.44 0.11 30.54 399.32 429.97 8.59 5.05 266.28

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 TELANGANA

Table 10.25.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Telangana

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Sangareddy 4,442.30 0.00 25.19 185.73 210.92 4.75 33.67 89.45
Siddipet 3,616.49 0.00 42.69 197.47 240.16 6.64 22.04 77.19
Suryapet 3,592.19 0.00 1.80 43.43 45.23 1.26 -1.05 122.40
Vikarabad 3,608.24 0.03 122.14 246.08 368.25 10.21 0.12 70.15
Wanaparthy 2,157.65 0.00 3.52 54.41 57.93 2.68 6.83 94.58
Warangal 1,754.31 0.00 17.81 35.76 53.57 3.05 -2.51 8.32
Yadadri
3,429.35 0.03 13.05 172.15 185.23 5.40 -2.20 146.03
Bhuvanagiri
Grand Total 1,12,122.44 1,613.32 8,909.90 10,655.82 21,179.04 18.89 -100.42 2,829.88
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.25.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Telangana

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Change
Digitized
Digitized w.r.t.
Division Very Mod.
Division Open Division 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total
Forest Bound- Raster
Area# Forest Forest
ary based*
Area*
Achampet 4,570.41 19.19 312.76 396.42 728.37 15.94 29.31 115.59
Adilabad 2,247.61 0.00 265.78 206.97 472.75 21.03 -59.40 29.20
Amangal 2,904.33 0.11 15.62 260.63 276.36 9.52 10.02 157.20
Amrabad WL 1,832.35 313.49 219.47 672.38 1,205.34 65.78 22.18 253.47
Armoor 1,832.83 0.00 82.71 161.96 244.67 13.35 -6.21 51.65
Asifabad 2,818.66 39.67 565.18 517.93 1,122.78 39.83 -30.59 19.00
Banswada 1,856.28 0.00 61.56 163.55 225.11 12.13 -0.32 46.61
Bellemapally 1,122.91 11.17 135.38 190.18 336.73 29.99 0.02 7.37
Bhadrachalam 868.31 23.91 165.79 83.89 273.59 31.51 -28.47 5.81
Bhupalpally 1,945.72 20.66 352.28 252.37 625.31 32.14 -15.35 35.28
Chennur 1,005.46 0.00 272.93 182.89 455.82 45.33 13.20 14.92
Echoda 1,231.15 1.00 208.22 169.54 378.76 30.76 -23.54 4.18
Eturnagaram WL 1,017.29 130.34 364.79 244.48 739.61 72.70 -16.13 6.69
Gadwal 2,577.78 0.00 0.10 33.93 34.03 1.32 0.98 25.52
Guduru WL 1,148.29 98.41 379.11 159.01 636.53 55.43 -15.63 4.81
Hanumakonda 1,293.55 0.00 6.62 38.85 45.47 3.52 0.14 6.97
Hyderabad 181.86 0.00 5.20 12.39 17.59 9.67 1.39 2.24
Jagtial 2,852.61 0.14 189.01 433.29 622.44 21.82 53.53 81.45
Jangoan 2,284.79 0.00 7.51 56.93 64.44 2.82 -2.53 28.94
Jannaram WL 543.98 16.80 152.57 96.59 265.96 48.89 8.74 1.85
Kaghaznagar 1,675.38 1.51 432.21 231.72 665.44 39.72 -14.07 8.24
Kamareddy 1,869.33 0.00 62.18 265.80 327.98 17.55 9.00 67.60
278

Karimnagar 2,125.05 0.00 0.15 34.86 35.01 1.65 5.24 15.41

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Telangana

Table 10.25.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Telangana

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Change
Digitized
Digitized w.r.t.
Division Very Mod.
Division Open Division 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total
Forest Bound- Raster
Area# Forest Forest
ary based*
Area*
Khammam 2,947.83 8.27 55.26 130.58 194.11 6.58 -1.70 16.94
Khanapur 1,078.26 57.27 515.44 137.18 709.89 65.84 -24.64 2.58
Kinnerasani WL 823.06 129.59 238.19 52.95 420.73 51.12 1.89 2.22
Kothagudem 1,196.13 65.17 154.38 137.45 357.00 29.85 -2.24 3.51
Mahaboobnagar 2,731.78 0.00 70.92 141.87 212.79 7.79 12.50 98.54
Mahabubabad 2,387.65 23.77 91.80 101.58 217.15 9.09 -10.66 31.89
Mahadevpur 1,084.55 54.09 349.63 219.05 622.77 57.42 -0.43 5.61
Mancherial 1,234.69 0.00 210.77 283.35 494.12 40.02 12.79 18.41
Manuguru 1,077.20 109.70 181.85 127.37 418.92 38.89 -16.75 3.56
Medak 2,747.88 0.00 69.48 387.00 456.48 16.61 29.52 94.47
Medchal 1,083.57 0.00 20.38 123.21 143.59 13.25 1.41 105.18
Mulugu 1,060.03 21.33 230.82 266.76 518.91 48.95 -1.12 16.50
Nagarjunasagar WL 1,742.00 0.00 7.05 171.01 178.06 10.22 13.18 236.76
Nalgonda 5,483.08 0.00 1.10 140.22 141.32 2.58 13.14 133.80
Narayanpet 2,390.27 0.00 11.06 51.52 62.58 2.62 1.45 71.83
Nirmal 2,656.17 0.11 188.22 199.93 388.26 14.62 -22.09 21.78
Nizamabad 2,333.92 0.09 70.90 342.12 413.11 17.70 1.35 85.52
Paloncha 1,843.36 194.43 393.83 264.09 852.35 46.24 -35.00 9.98
Peddapally 2,212.28 0.00 67.58 252.67 320.25 14.48 1.81 69.49
Rajanna-Siricilla 1,901.23 0.13 74.58 235.71 310.42 16.33 11.39 64.23
Sangareddy 4,459.37 0.00 25.17 181.15 206.32 4.63 32.91 86.62
Sathupally 1,527.67 27.59 167.49 161.42 356.50 23.34 -18.51 4.42
Shamshabad 2,094.33 0.00 14.68 140.03 154.71 7.39 -4.98 109.55
Siddipet 3,635.59 0.00 44.95 204.44 249.39 6.86 21.83 76.85
Suryapet 3,585.06 0.00 1.80 43.21 45.01 1.26 -1.22 121.82
Tadvai 815.35 78.81 274.54 183.11 536.46 65.80 -8.94 3.17
Utnoor FDPT 549.82 21.97 204.54 52.52 279.03 50.75 -31.41 1.50
Venkatapur 1,199.69 21.98 331.38 432.74 786.10 65.53 0.00 24.68
Vikarabad 3,613.71 0.03 105.42 229.16 334.61 9.26 -0.70 65.64
Wanaparthy 2,181.97 0.00 3.51 56.19 59.70 2.74 7.47 92.78
Warangal 2,140.07 0.02 28.01 55.93 83.96 3.92 -2.35 9.79
Yadadri Bhuvanagiri 3,252.81 0.03 12.56 169.96 182.55 5.61 -1.85 144.60
Yellandu 1,265.88 81.31 367.35 94.60 543.26 42.92 -17.41 3.97
Area which does not
277.59 41.23 68.13 19.18 128.54 46.31 -2.57 1.69
fall in any Division
Grand Total 1,12,419.78 1,613.32 8,909.90 10,655.82 21,179.04 18.84 -100.42 2,829.88
#As per the division boundary shapefile provided by State Forest Department.
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
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10.25.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.25.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Telangana
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
1,544.81 8,520.97 8,390.33 68.51 388.93 2,265.49
18,456.11 2,722.93
8.37 46.17 45.46 2.52 14.28 83.20
*In case of Telangana, RFA boundaries have been used.

Figure 10.25.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Telangana

Table 10.25.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for
Telangana between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 1,532.96 0.89 1.61 1.61 11.40 1,548.47
MDF 11.53 8,353.60 35.47 18.14 213.85 8,632.59
OF 0.32 154.40 7,840.34 51.86 334.00 8,380.92
Scrub 0.00 1.00 199.01 1,040.46 87.64 1,328.11
NF 0.00 11.08 313.90 193.09 6,473.22 6,991.29
Total ISFR
2023 inside 1,544.81 8,520.97 8,390.33 1,305.16 7,120.11 26,881.38
RFA /GW
Net Change -3.66 -111.62 9.41 -22.95 128.82
280

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Forest Survey of India
India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Telangana

Table 10.25.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for

Telangana between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 68.36 0.12 0.14 0.18 2.31 71.11
MDF 0.15 377.79 5.19 2.59 54.52 440.24
OF 0.00 8.39 1,827.93 25.16 344.65 2,206.13
Scrub 0.00 0.18 113.03 1,231.75 316.65 1,661.61
NF 0.00 2.45 319.20 265.04 80,275.28 80,861.97
Total ISFR
2023 outside 68.51 388.93 2,265.49 1,524.72 80,993.41 85,241.06
RFA/GW
Net Change -2.60 -51.31 59.36 -136.89 131.44
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor

Table 10.25.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Telangana

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 88,735.19 1,283.18 7,578.60 7,903.84 16,765.62 1,986.07
500-1000 23,387.25 330.14 1,331.30 2,751.98 4,413.42 843.81
Total 1,12,122.44 1,613.32 8,909.90 10,655.82 21,179.04 2,829.88
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.25.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Telangana

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 1,01,814.77 911.44 5,651.90 7,432.11 13,995.45 2,191.11
5-10 5,543.84 286.08 1,421.92 1,550.00 3,258.00 350.08
10-15 2,244.06 166.27 828.84 768.99 1,764.10 140.24
15-20 1,260.26 109.42 512.45 444.64 1,066.51 74.51
20-25 719.20 73.73 291.96 259.43 625.12 42.60
25-30 357.61 42.11 137.93 132.50 312.54 21.52
>30 182.70 24.27 64.90 68.15 157.32 9.82
Total 1,12,122.44 1,613.32 8,909.90 10,655.82 21,179.04 2,829.88
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
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 TELANGANA

Figure 10.25.3 Forest Cover Map of Telangana

10.25.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Telangana (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification,
1968) based on the Forest Cover Map(FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.25.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types found in Telangana

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 3B/C2 Southern moist mixed deciduous forest 50.30 0.21
2 5A/C1b Dry teak forest 3,321.86 13.80
3 5A/C3 Southern dry mixed deciduous forest 14,273.00 59.31
4 5/DS1 Dry deciduous scrub 4,741.87 19.70
5 5/DS2 Dry savannah forest 4.04 0.02
6 5/DS4 Dry grassland 11.23 0.05
7 5/E2 Boswellia forest 0.77 0.00
8 5/E4 Hardwickia forest 0.45 0.00
9 5/E9 Dry bamboo brakes 17.48 0.07
10 5/2S1 Secondary dry deciduous forest 128.39 0.53
11 6A/C1 Southern thorn forest 331.15 1.38
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Table 10.25.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types found in Telangana

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
12 6A/DS1 Southern thorn scrub 6.50 0.03
Sub Total 22,887.04 95.10
13 TOF/ Plantation 1,121.88 4.66
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 24,008.92 99.76
Grassland forest type (outside forest cover)
14 5/DS4 Dry grassland 57.47 0.24
Grand Total 24,066.39 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). Grassland forest type outside forest cover has also been mapped. The total
mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover, scrub and grassland forest types (found in non-forest).

10.25.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.25.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Adilabad 786 391
2 Bhadradri Kothagudem 1,942 2,600
3 Hanumakonda 4 2
4 Hyderabad 0 0
5 Jagtial 510 455
6 Jangaon 2 0
7 Jayashankar Bhupalapally 659 1,006
8 Jogulamba Gadwal 0 0
9 Kamareddy 347 403
10 Karimnagar 1 1
11 Khammam 381 260
12 Kumuram Bheem 889 582
13 Mahabubabad 1,318 1,245
14 Mahabubnagar 9 21
15 Mancherial 714 513
16 Medak 140 155
17 Medchal-Malkajgiri 22 11
18 Mulugu 1,783 2,597
19 Nagarkurnool 1,207 1,185
20 Nalgonda 14 29
21 Narayanpet 11 11
22 Nirmal 1,166 685
283

23 Nizamabad 552 680

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 TELANGANA

Table 10.25.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
24 Peddapalli 170 177
25 Rajanna Sircilla 94 170
26 Rangareddy 66 23
27 Sangareddy 77 76
28 Siddipet 80 45
29 Suryapet 3 17
30 Vikarabad 77 97
31 Wanaparthy 4 3
32 Warangal 72 36
33 Yadadri Bhuvanagiri 17 3
Total 13,117 13,479

10.25.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.25.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover
1 Extremely fire prone 1,517.74 6.32
2 Very highly fire prone 6,003.97 25.01
3 Highly fire prone 4,319.76 17.99
4 Moderately fire prone 3,041.05 12.67
5 Less fire prone 9,126.40 38.01
Total 24,008.92 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.
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Figure 10.25.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

10.25.6 Results Derived from NFI for Telangana

Table 10.25.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Tectona grandis 91,489 12.21
2 Chloroxylon swietenia 39,637 4.28
3 Anogeissus latifolia/ Terminalia anogeissiana 27,784 7.30
4 Xylia xylocarpa 26,859 5.22
5 Terminalia elliptica/ Terminalia crenulata 23,671 4.48

Table 10.25.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Mangifera indica 98,330 12.151
2 Azadirachta indica 40,318 6.744
3 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 24,927 0.421
4 Butea monosperma 18,933 2.105
5 Tectona grandis 16,204 1.334
285

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Table 10.25.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Azadirachta indica 1,548 0.415
2 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 982 0.018
3 Pongamia pinnata 870 0.103
4 Psidium guajava 828 0.022
5 Mangifera indica 791 0.151

Table 10.25.16 Major NTFP Species in Telangana

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)
1 Diospyros melanoxylon Tree 27,81,602
2 Anogeissus latifolia/ Terminalia anogeissiana Tree 21,32,172
3 Strychnos potatorum Tree 1,92,416
4 Ziziphus species Tree 1,70,133
5 Strychnos nux-vomica Tree 1,51,401
6 Schleichera oleosa Tree 1,12,423
7 Terminalia bellirica Tree 68,066
8 Hemidesmus indicus Climbers 1,51,69,177
9 Solanum nigrum Herbs 4,18,60,083
Ocimum species (Ocimum gratissimum/
10 Ocimum sanctum/ Ocimum tenuiflorum/ Herbs 2,73,99,327
Ocimum americanum)

Table 10.25.17 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA in
Telangana
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)
1 Lantana camara 941.76
2 Chromolaena odorata 625.72
3 Ageratum conyzoides 253.11
4 Cassia tora/ Senna tora 214.94
5 Achyranthes aspera 84.84
286

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Photo: FSI Repository
 10.26
TRIPURA
TRIPURA
Geographical Area
10,486 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 22◦57’ N to 24◦32’ N
Longitude 91◦10’ E to 92◦20’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
3.67 million
Urban 0.96 million (26.17 %)
Rural 2.71 million (73.83 %)
Tribal 1.17 million (31.76 %)
Average Population Density
350 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
1.94 million
No. of Districts
8
No. of Hill Districts
8
No. of Tribal Districts
8

Table 10.26.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 1,049
Reporting area for land utilization 1,049.17 100.00
Forests 629.43 59.99
Not available for land cultivation 149.09 14.21
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 0.89 0.08
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 9.65 0.92
Culturable wasteland 2.48 0.25
Fallow land other than current fallows 1.20 0.11
Current fallows 1.02 0.10
Net area sown 255.41 24.34
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
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10.26.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.26.2 Forest Cover of Tripura

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 614.43 5.86
MDF 4,929.99 47.01
OF 2,040.35 19.46
Total 7,584.77 72.33
Scrub 173.27 1.65

Figure 10.26.1 Forest Cover of Tripura

Table 10.26.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Tripura

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
DhalaiH 2,298.47 95.68 1,302.69 421.78 1,820.15 79.19 -44.58 60.18
Gomati H
1,650.23 123.70 861.58 251.56 1,236.84 74.95 6.86 12.05
KhowaiH 1,055.66 93.62 453.48 192.59 739.69 70.07 -23.16 10.88
North Tripura H
1,349.70 11.70 663.97 368.65 1,044.32 77.37 -18.88 56.34
SepahijalaH 1,053.06 101.24 368.57 185.44 655.25 62.22 -7.35 1.56
South Tripura H
1,468.69 108.17 671.29 294.31 1,073.77 73.11 11.60 6.31
UnakotiH 685.53 34.29 304.62 92.31 431.22 62.90 -13.52 13.50
West TripuraH 924.66 46.03 303.79 233.71 583.53 63.11 -6.28 12.45
Grand Total 10,486.00 614.43 4,929.99 2,040.35 7,584.77 72.33 -95.31 173.27
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

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Table 10.26.4 Division- wise Forest Cover in Tripura

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Change
Digitized
Digitized w.r.t.
Division Very Mod.
Division Open Division 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total
Forest Bound- Raster
Area# Forest Forest
ary based*
Area*
Ambassa 1,380.74 67.26 800.11 202.86 1,070.23 77.51 -30.29 38.12
Bagafa 1,200.70 81.43 603.97 224.85 910.25 75.81 8.79 11.15
Gumti 955.77 66.48 564.03 138.13 768.64 80.42 -6.30 4.20
Kailashahar 878.56 31.74 272.85 171.64 476.23 54.21 -7.27 13.47
Kanchanpur 1,186.91 15.87 690.00 277.27 983.14 82.83 -26.30 55.24
Manu 859.38 27.95 493.60 210.39 731.94 85.17 -9.98 20.13
Sadar 1,476.72 114.70 477.46 274.93 867.09 58.72 -10.00 12.96
Sepahijala WL
26.52 14.73 1.72 0.41 16.86 63.57 -0.04 0.00
Sanctuary
Teliamura 1,397.61 109.36 570.84 278.82 959.02 68.62 -25.41 12.68
Trishna WLS 489.67 35.43 171.14 138.32 344.89 70.43 1.51 1.83
Udaipur 605.10 47.69 265.46 90.69 403.84 66.74 11.64 1.09
Area which does not
96.75 1.79 18.81 32.04 52.64 54.41 -1.66 2.40
fall in any Division
Grand Total 10,554.43 614.43 4,929.99 2,040.35 7,584.77 71.86 -95.31 173.27
#As per the division boundary shapefile provided by State Forest Department.
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.26.5 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of Tripura

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Forest
Area as per
Sl. Name of Urban Local Very Mod. Total Cover
Digitized Open Scrub
No. Body Dense Dense Forest w.r.t.
Boundary* Forest
Forest Forest Cover Area of
Digitized
Boundary
1 Agartala 81.14 0.00 3.45 17.58 21.03 25.92 0.07
Grand Total 81.14 0.00 3.45 17.58 21.03 25.92 0.07
*Shapefile of digitized boundary as provided by Agartala Municipal Corporation.
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10.26.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.26.6 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Tripura
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
393.77 3,719.84 1,242.58 220.66 1,210.15 797.77
5,356.19 2,228.58
7.35% 69.45% 23.20% 9.90% 54.30% 35.80%
*In case of Tripura, RFA boundaries have been used.

Figure 10.26.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Tripura

Table 10.26.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Tripura
between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 392.28 2.13 1.24 6.43 6.23 408.31
MDF 1.49 3,620.14 114.28 69.61 79.63 3,885.15
OF 0.00 97.24 1,005.59 47.21 29.59 1,179.63
Scrub 0.00 0.00 16.13 5.60 0.00 21.73
NF 0.00 0.33 105.34 3.29 351.22 460.18
Total ISFR
2023 inside 393.77 3,719.84 1,242.58 132.14 466.67 5,955.00
RFA /GW
Net Change -14.54 -165.31 62.95 110.41 6.49
291

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

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 TRIPURA

Table 10.26.8 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Tripura
between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 220.66 0.66 0.18 1.03 2.80 225.33
MDF 0.00 1,122.90 91.05 9.35 35.02 1,258.32
OF 0.00 85.60 612.23 6.24 19.27 723.34
Scrub 0.00 0.00 1.07 23.77 0.36 25.20
NF 0.00 0.99 93.24 0.74 2,203.84 2,298.81
Total ISFR
2023 outside 220.66 1,210.15 797.77 41.13 2,261.29 4,531.00
RFA/GW
Net Change -4.67 -48.17 74.43 15.93 -37.52
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.26.9 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Tripura

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 10,424.58 614.43 4,892.50 2,022.33 7,529.26 169.90
500-1000 61.42 0.00 37.49 18.02 55.51 3.37
Total 10,486.00 614.43 4,929.99 2,040.35 7,584.77 173.27
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.26.10 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Tripura

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 6,070.75 402.22 2,292.70 1,049.20 3,744.12 69.85
5-10 2,634.23 165.98 1,519.22 517.95 2,203.15 48.67
10-15 1,056.10 34.66 677.56 250.91 963.13 28.04
15-20 443.19 7.79 278.11 126.67 412.57 15.02
20-25 177.89 2.24 104.78 58.60 165.62 6.98
25-30 67.40 0.74 37.44 24.24 62.42 3.09
>30 36.44 0.80 20.18 12.78 33.76 1.62
Total 10,486.00 614.43 4,929.99 2,040.35 7,584.77 173.27
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
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Figure 10.26.3 Forest Cover Map of Tripura

293

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 TRIPURA

10.26.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Tripura (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification,
1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.26.11 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Tripura

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 2B/C2 Cachar semi-evergreen forest 1.09 0.01
2 2B/C1/2S1 Pioneer Euphorbiaceous scrub 2,141.12 27.60
3 2/2S1 Secondary moist bamboo brakes 583.60 7.52
4 3C/C1b(ii) East Himalayan lower bhabar sal 195.35 2.52
5 3C/C3b East Himalayan moist mixed deciduous forest 3,020.86 38.94
Sub Total 5,942.02 76.59
6 TOF/ Plantation 1,816.02 23.41
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 7,758.04 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). The total mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover and scrub.

10.26.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.26.12 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Dhalai 1,935 1,070
2 Gomati 665 210
3 Khowai 306 137
4 North Tripura 788 436
5 Sepahijala 60 14
6 South Tripura 248 100
7 Unakoti 261 99
8 West Tripura 69 23
Total 4,332 2,089

10.26.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.
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Table 10.26.13 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover
1 Extremely fire prone 688.72 8.88
2 Very highly fire prone 1,791.02 23.08
3 Highly fire prone 1,104.48 14.24
4 Moderately fire prone 975.94 12.58
5 Less fire prone 3,197.88 41.22
Total 7,758.04 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.

Figure 10.26.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

10.26.6 Results Derived from NFI for Tripura

Table 10.26.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Hevea brasiliensis 46,562 6.66
2 Tectona grandis 8,814 2.56
3 Schima wallichii 4,322 1.49
4 Albizia species 3,986 1.55
295

5 Macaranga species 3,808 0.38

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 TRIPURA

Table 10.26.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Hevea brasiliensis 37,112 3.610
2 Tectona grandis 3,760 0.804
3 Areca catechu 2,491 0.041
4 Schima wallichii 1,266 0.314
5 Syzygium cumini 1,087 0.287

Table 10.26.16 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Areca catechu 972 0.018
2 Hevea brasiliensis 495 0.046
3 Mangifera indica 348 0.084
4 Artocarpus heterophyllus 206 0.041
5 Cocos nucifera 182 0.046

Table 10.26.17 Major NTFP Species in Tripura

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)
1 Shorea robusta Tree 4,49,598
2 Hevea brasiliensis Tree 46,562
3 Terminalia bellirica Tree 32,411
4 Anacardium occidentale Tree 17,677
5 Areca catechu Tree 2,207
6 Mucuna pruriens Climbers 6,88,206
7 Thysanolaena latifolia/ Thysanolaena maxima Herbs 1,17,40,130
Schumannianthus benthamianus/
8 Herbs 3,68,318
Schumannianthus dichotomus

Table 10.26.18 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA in
Tripura
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)
1 Chromolaena odorata 352.47
2 Mikania micrantha 107.32
3 Ageratum conyzoides 39.42
4 Lantana camara 26.18
5 Triumfetta rhomboidea 22.73
296

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 10.27
UTTAR PRADESH
UTTAR PRADESH
Geographical Area
2,40,928 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 23◦52’ N to 31◦28’ N
Longitude 77◦30’ E to 84◦39’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
199.81 million
Urban 44.50 million (22.27 %)
Rural 155.31 million (77.73 %)
Tribal 1.13 million (0.57 %)
Average Population Density
829 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
68.71 million
No. of Districts
75
No. of Hill Districts
0
No. of Tribal Districts
1

Table 10.27.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 24,093
Reporting area for land utilization 23,513.81 100.00
Forests 1,772.24 7.54
Not available for land cultivation 3,407.16 14.49
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 70.15 0.30
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 237.25 1.01
Culturable wasteland 369.07 1.57
Fallow land other than current fallows 595.54 2.53
Current fallows 966.49 4.11
Net area sown 16,095.91 68.45
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
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10.27.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.27.2 Forest Cover of Uttar Pradesh

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 2,688.73 1.12
MDF 4,001.41 1.66
OF 8,355.66 3.46
Total 15,045.80 6.24
Scrub 639.51 0.27

Figure 10.27.1 Forest Cover of Uttar Pradesh

Table 10.27.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Uttar Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
Calculat- w.r.t.
Very Mod. culated
District ed Area Open 2021 Scrub
Dense Dense Total Area by
by SoI Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Agra 4,027.03 0.00 67.62 207.11 274.73 6.82 12.90 63.42
Aligarh 3,650.25 0.00 6.77 52.86 59.63 1.63 -5.19 1.08
Ambedkar Nagar 2,350.00 0.00 1.29 43.19 44.48 1.89 3.39 0.51
Amethi 3,060.00 4.57 3.12 64.80 72.49 2.37 2.21 0.01
Amroha/ Jyotiba
2,408.56 0.00 34.64 92.14 126.78 5.26 31.44 1.94
Phule Nagar
Auraiya 2,016.00 0.00 5.08 40.74 45.82 2.27 1.69 13.09
Ayodhya/ Faizabad 2,341.00 6.86 12.49 87.07 106.42 4.55 4.33 0.80
Azamgarh 4,054.00 0.00 1.09 46.10 47.19 1.16 -1.56 0.00
Baghpat 1,321.38 0.00 3.52 11.96 15.48 1.17 -0.32 0.00
Bahraich 5,237.00 223.69 149.17 158.55 531.41 10.15 1.65 4.27
Ballia 2,981.00 0.00 0.14 20.90 21.04 0.71 -3.45 0.00
Balrampur 3,349.00 293.49 155.24 106.92 555.65 16.59 11.04 7.58
Banda 4,408.00 0.00 50.92 50.41 101.33 2.30 -2.69 2.05
Bara Banki 4,402.00 3.58 5.71 94.70 103.99 2.36 1.99 3.98
Bareilly 4,120.43 0.00 6.83 32.24 39.07 0.95 -5.44 0.00
Basti 2,688.00 0.15 5.14 33.62 38.91 1.45 8.02 0.04
Bhadohi/ Sant
1,015.00 0.00 0.28 4.94 5.22 0.51 0.00 0.00
Ravidas Nagar
Bijnor 4,561.15 38.65 212.03 167.31 417.99 9.16 13.53 5.49
Budaun 4,378.05 0.00 4.75 23.15 27.90 0.64 -2.81 6.36
Bulandshahr 3,431.04 0.00 42.61 98.92 141.53 4.12 5.71 0.13
Chandauli 2,541.00 7.69 183.17 358.64 549.50 21.63 -0.81 1.85
Chitrakoot 3,216.00 80.53 314.81 241.22 636.56 19.79 5.86 33.12
Deoria 2,540.00 0.00 1.13 19.19 20.32 0.80 4.78 0.00
Etah 2,490.43 0.00 0.35 20.47 20.82 0.84 -3.15 0.08
Etawah 2,310.58 0.00 63.20 223.59 286.79 12.41 28.84 43.97
Farrukhabad 2,181.07 0.00 14.05 36.44 50.49 2.31 0.71 1.63
Fatehpur 4,169.00 0.00 19.24 37.77 57.01 1.37 -0.05 2.38
299

Firozabad 2,360.82 0.00 4.44 56.53 60.97 2.58 2.12 24.10

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 UTTAR PRADESH

Table 10.27.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Uttar Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
Calculat- w.r.t.
Very Mod. culated
District ed Area Open 2021 Scrub
Dense Dense Total Area by
by SoI Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Gautam Buddha
1,441.86 0.00 4.45 18.32 22.77 1.58 -0.05 0.00
Nagar
Ghaziabad 891.61 0.00 7.90 13.12 21.02 2.36 0.03 0.00
Ghazipur 3,377.00 0.00 0.58 23.77 24.35 0.72 -3.86 0.00
Gonda 4,003.00 64.93 9.03 52.97 126.93 3.17 1.29 0.46
Gorakhpur 3,321.00 27.98 21.60 24.91 74.49 2.24 -2.41 0.00
Hamirpur 4,021.00 0.00 77.21 145.97 223.18 5.55 1.66 14.15
Hapur 1,106.67 0.00 6.72 21.09 27.81 2.51 5.72 1.17
Hardoi 5,985.66 0.00 15.62 129.58 145.20 2.43 -1.18 9.36
Hathras/ Mahamaya
1,840.49 0.00 0.58 21.51 22.09 1.20 -4.15 0.20
Nagar
Jalaun 4,565.00 0.00 60.66 195.83 256.49 5.62 6.41 53.03
Jaunpur 4,038.00 0.00 10.06 53.94 64.00 1.58 -6.75 0.31
Jhansi 5,024.00 0.00 57.11 284.21 341.32 6.79 34.79 66.79
Kannauj 2,092.87 0.00 0.00 25.61 25.61 1.22 -2.73 0.25
Kanpur Dehat 3,021.00 0.00 3.05 44.01 47.06 1.56 -24.70 16.18
Kanpur Nagar 3,155.00 0.00 8.53 61.59 70.12 2.22 25.29 3.39
Kasganj/ Kanshiram
1,955.28 0.00 5.37 36.60 41.97 2.15 -10.11 0.11
Nagar
Kaushambi 1,779.00 0.00 4.35 29.15 33.50 1.88 1.15 0.00
Kheri 7,680.44 805.14 157.70 271.29 1,234.13 16.07 -27.66 8.22
Kushinagar 2,905.00 0.07 2.97 32.13 35.17 1.21 -0.93 0.00
Lalitpur 5,039.00 0.00 127.26 449.79 577.05 11.45 0.00 33.24
Lucknow 2,528.00 0.00 161.18 240.08 401.26 15.87 2.62 8.09
Mahoba 3,144.00 0.00 21.22 151.03 172.25 5.48 2.84 60.55
Mahrajganj 2,952.00 262.28 92.72 71.17 426.17 14.44 -0.66 0.32
Mainpuri 2,760.04 0.00 0.19 17.23 17.42 0.63 1.47 0.00
Mathura 3,339.64 0.00 3.90 49.44 53.34 1.60 -2.15 3.11
Mau 1,713.00 0.00 0.23 11.14 11.37 0.66 0.00 0.00
Meerut 2,500.86 0.00 34.59 56.74 91.33 3.65 5.22 0.00
Mirzapur 4,405.00 8.38 278.51 450.02 736.91 16.73 -2.00 46.59
Moradabad 2,009.40 0.00 3.50 14.23 17.73 0.88 0.82 0.12
Muzaffarnagar 2,750.86 0.00 8.43 45.63 54.06 1.97 5.16 2.71
Pilibhit 3,498.90 486.20 81.75 105.89 673.84 19.26 -21.61 9.92
Pratapgarh 3,717.00 0.00 26.94 97.29 124.23 3.34 0.56 1.63
Prayagraj/ Allahabad 5,482.00 6.28 25.01 134.94 166.23 3.03 4.94 26.67
Raebareli 3,289.00 0.00 2.72 87.10 89.82 2.73 3.80 3.65
Rampur 2,366.58 3.89 24.61 40.49 68.99 2.92 -3.83 0.00
Saharanpur 3,688.96 0.00 182.13 342.87 525.00 14.23 9.07 0.81
Sambhal 2,497.95 0.00 0.74 11.73 12.47 0.50 2.79 0.00
Sant Kabir Nagar 1,646.00 0.00 1.16 12.97 14.13 0.86 0.00 1.17
Shahjahanpur 4,575.24 26.15 5.47 28.77 60.39 1.32 2.25 0.79
Shamli 1,257.46 0.00 3.96 20.43 24.39 1.94 1.54 1.21
300

Shravasti 1,640.00 197.72 99.29 46.56 343.57 20.95 2.29 0.27

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Uttar Pradesh

Table 10.27.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Uttar Pradesh

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Siddharthnagar 2,895.00 0.00 11.04 38.65 49.69 1.72 2.61 0.13
Sitapur 5,743.00 0.00 18.77 182.40 201.17 3.50 -1.20 4.62
Sonbhadra 6,905.00 140.50 927.26 1,340.11 2,407.87 34.87 0.66 42.12
Sultanpur 2,679.00 0.00 6.65 130.87 137.52 5.13 -7.55 0.03
Unnao 4,558.00 0.00 28.32 246.06 274.38 6.02 2.24 0.26
Varanasi 1,535.00 0.00 1.54 14.95 16.49 1.07 0.00 0.00
Grand Total 2,40,927.56 2,688.73 4,001.41 8,355.66 15,045.80 6.24 118.43 639.51
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

10.27.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.27.4 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Uttar Pradesh
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
2,537.81 3,041.49 3,759.46 150.92 959.92 4,596.20
9,338.76 5,707.04
27.17% 32.57% 40.26% 2.64% 16.82% 80.54%
*In case of Uttar Pradesh, Green Wash boundaries have been used.

Figure 10.27.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of Green Wash in Uttar Pradesh
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Table 10.27.5 Forest Cover change matrix inside RFA/GW for

Uttar Pradesh between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 2,432.96 48.14 6.70 0.06 16.70 2,504.56
MDF 87.34 2,737.58 178.00 1.19 45.85 3,049.96
OF 8.36 213.10 3,322.28 27.28 174.06 3,745.08
Scrub 0.02 1.50 64.34 217.96 25.59 309.41
NF 9.13 41.17 188.14 64.48 3,495.66 3,798.58
Total ISFR
2023 inside 2,537.81 3,041.49 3,759.46 310.97 3,757.86 13,407.59
RFA /GW
Net Change 33.25 -8.47 14.38 1.56 -40.72
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.27.6 Forest Cover change matrix outside RFA/GW for

Uttar Pradesh between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 138.87 4.04 1.50 0.01 6.31 150.73
MDF 5.20 810.80 50.19 0.37 79.01 945.57
OF 1.75 73.92 3,529.21 14.84 911.75 4,531.47
Scrub 0.01 2.23 39.05 191.91 37.68 270.88
NF 5.09 68.93 976.25 121.41 2,20,449.64 2,21,621.32
Total ISFR
2023 outside 150.92 959.92 4,596.20 328.54 2,21,484.39 2,27,519.97
RFA/GW
Net Change 0.19 14.35 64.73 57.66 -136.93
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.27.7 Altitude-Wise Forest Cover in Uttar Pradesh

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 2,40,457.56 2,688.73 3,823.24 8,049.64 14,561.61 639.03
500-1000 470.00 0.00 178.17 306.02 484.19 0.48
Total 2,40,927.56 2,688.73 4,001.41 8,355.66 15,045.80 639.51
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
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Table 10.27.8 Forest Cover in different slope classes in

Uttar Pradesh
(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 2,35,258.57 2,456.92 3,079.70 7,324.53 12,861.15 558.32
5-10 4,404.99 161.35 488.60 634.40 1,284.35 58.45
10-15 730.00 40.94 215.20 207.26 463.40 14.00
15-20 300.00 15.93 113.79 103.97 233.69 5.68
20-25 143.00 8.13 61.63 51.63 121.39 2.23
25-30 60.00 3.89 27.93 21.75 53.57 0.67
>30 31.00 1.57 14.56 12.12 28.25 0.16
Total 2,40,927.56 2,688.73 4,001.41 8,355.66 15,045.80 639.51
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Figure 10.27.3 Forest Cover Map of Uttar Pradesh

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10.27.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Uttar Pradesh (as per the Champion & Seth Forest
Classification, 1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following
table.

Table 10.27.9 Area statistics of the Forest Types found in Uttar Pradesh
(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 2/E1 Cane brakes 20.01 0.13
2 3C/C2d (i) Western light alluvium plains sal 1,540.00 9.76
3 3C/C2d (iii) Eastern heavy alluvium plains sal 650.62 4.12
4 3C/C3a West Gangetic moist mixed deciduous forest 408.46 2.59
5 3C/C3/2S1 Northern Secondary moist mixed deciduous forest 345.16 2.19
6 4D/SS2 Barringtonia swamp forest 0.34 0.00
7 4D/SS3 Syzygium cumini swamp low forest 205.84 1.30
8 5A/C1b Dry teak forest 143.81 0.91
9 5B/C1a Dry Siwalik sal forest 110.53 0.70
10 5B/C1b Dry plains sal forest 60.88 0.39
11 5B/C1c Dry peninsular sal forest 352.88 2.24
12 5B/C2 Northern dry mixed deciduous forest 5,459.24 34.58
13 5/DS1 Dry deciduous scrub 329.83 2.09
14 5/DS2 Dry savannah forest 0.65 0.00
15 5/DS3 Euphorbia scrub 0.87 0.01
16 5/E1 Anogeissus pendula forest 491.69 3.11
17 5/E1/DS1 Anogeissus pendula scrub 205.24 1.30
18 5/E2 Boswellia forest 104.78 0.66
19 5/E3 Babul forest 48.65 0.31
20 5/E5 Butea forest 6.77 0.04
21 5/E8a Phoenix savannah 1.91 0.01
22 5/E8b Babul savannah 17.42 0.11
23 5/E9 Dry bamboo brakes 69.14 0.44
24 5/1S1 Dry tropical riverain forest 0.24 0.00
25 5/1S2 Khair-sissu forest 148.43 0.94
26 6B/C2 Ravine thorn forest 904.89 5.73
Sub Total 11,628.28 73.66
27 TOF/ Plantation 4,057.03 25.70
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 15,685.31 99.36
28 3/1S1 Low alluvial savannah woodland (Salmalia-Albizzia) 5.06 0.03
29 4D/2S2 Eastern wet alluvial grassland 96.31 0.61
Sub Total 101.37 0.64
Grand Total 15,786.68 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). Grassland forest types outside forest cover have also been mapped. The total
mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover, scrub and grassland forest types (found in non-forest).
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10.27.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.27.10 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Agra 15 37
2 Aligarh 0 0
3 Ambedkar Nagar 1 0
4 Amethi 9 9
5 Amroha/ Jyotiba Phule Nagar 9 0
6 Auraiya 8 20
7 Ayodhya/ Faizabad 8 26
8 Azamgarh 1 0
9 Baghpat 0 4
10 Bahraich 195 288
11 Ballia 0 0
12 Balrampur 407 626
13 Banda 0 5
14 Bara Banki 5 5
15 Bareilly 0 0
16 Basti 1 11
17 Bhadohi/ Sant Ravidas Nagar 0 0
18 Bijnor 88 155
19 Budaun 12 22
20 Bulandshahr 9 5
21 Chandauli 94 28
22 Chitrakoot 54 174
23 Deoria 0 1
24 Etah 1 0
25 Etawah 13 63
26 Farrukhabad 4 1
27 Fatehpur 0 2
28 Firozabad 4 19
29 Gautam Buddha Nagar 12 5
30 Ghaziabad 1 2
31 Ghazipur 0 0
32 Gonda 7 22
33 Gorakhpur 9 22
34 Hamirpur 12 17
35 Hapur 2 1
36 Hardoi 12 14
37 Hathras/ Mahamaya Nagar 0 0
38 Jalaun 41 98
39 Jaunpur 8 11
40 Jhansi 61 52
41 Kannauj 0 0
305

42 Kanpur Dehat 17 22

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 UTTAR PRADESH

Table 10.27.10 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
43 Kanpur Nagar 0 11
44 Kasganj/Kanshiram Nagar 0 0
45 Kaushambi 0 0
46 Kheri 557 689
47 Kushinagar 0 0
48 Lalitpur 113 58
49 Lucknow 4 7
50 Mahoba 7 6
51 Mahrajganj 333 462
52 Mainpuri 0 0
53 Mathura 3 1
54 Mau 1 2
55 Meerut 6 15
56 Mirzapur 48 49
57 Moradabad 3 0
58 Muzaffarnagar 15 14
59 Pilibhit 294 430
60 Pratapgarh 10 16
61 Prayagraj/Allahabad 25 22
62 Raebareli 7 11
63 Rampur 7 10
64 Saharanpur 74 158
65 Sambhal 0 0
66 Sant Kabir Nagar 8 5
67 Shahjahanpur 14 32
68 Shamli 0 0
69 Shravasti 93 328
70 Siddharthnagar 29 48
71 Sitapur 2 7
72 Sonbhadra 457 272
73 Sultanpur 2 4
74 Unnao 1 0
75 Varanasi 2 0
Total 3,235 4,424

10.27.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.
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Table 10.27.11 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover
1 Extremely fire prone 106.14 0.68
2 Very highly fire prone 1,196.61 7.63
3 Highly fire prone 2,489.20 15.87
4 Moderately fire prone 2,077.08 13.24
5 Less fire prone 9,816.28 62.58
Total 15,685.31 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.

Figure 10.27.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

10.27.6 Results Derived from NFI for Uttar Pradesh

Table 10.27.12 Number of Trees and their Volume For Top 5 Species
In RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Shorea robusta 35,091 49.28
2 Tectona grandis 16,160 11.56
3 Mallotus philippensis 9,584 1.83
4 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 7,965 1.71
5 Lannea coromandelica 7,800 2.65
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Table 10.27.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Eucalyptus species 1,42,126 6.971
2 Mangifera indica 1,33,474 41.741
3 Populus species 49,051 2.407
4 Dalbergia sissoo 25,258 6.758
5 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 24,746 0.843

Table 10.27.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Azadirachta indica/ Melia indica 3,689 1.676
2 Mangifera indica 2,958 1.050
3 Eucalyptus species 2,866 0.331
4 Psidium guajava 2,707 0.083
5 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 1,907 0.090

Table 10.27.15 Major NTFP Species in Uttar Pradesh

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)
1 Shorea robusta Tree 12,74,568
2 Butea monosperma Tree 3,05,918
3 Acacia catechu/ Senegalia catechu Tree 1,44,323
4 Helicteres isora Shrubs 20,87,767
5 Adhatoda vasica/ Justicia adhatoda Shrubs 11,62,984
6 Commiphora wightii Shrubs 7,70,652
7 Withania somnifera Shrubs 1,82,154
8 Ocimum basilicum Herbs 12,72,71,894
9 Desmostachya species Herbs 2,87,48,628
10 Vetiveria zizanioides/ Chrysopogon zizanioides Herbs 61,27,826

Table 10.27.16 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA in
Uttar Pradesh
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)
1 Lantana camara 1,080.84
2 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 448.92
3 Cassia tora/ Senna tora 376.53
4 Triumfetta rhomboidea 84.96
5 Saccharum spontaneum 63.34
308

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Photo: FSI Repository
 10.28
UTTARAKHAND
UTTARAKHAND
Geographical Area
53,483.36 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 28◦43’ N to 31◦28’ N
Longitude 77◦34’ E to 81◦03’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
10.09 million
Urban 3.05 million (30.23 %)
Rural 7.04 million (69.77 %)
Tribal 0.29 million (2.89 %)
Average Population Density
189 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
4.79 million
No. of Districts
13
No. of Hill Districts
13
No. of Tribal Districts
0

Table 10.28.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 5,348
Reporting area for land utilization 6,001.53 100.00
Forests 3,811.66 63.51
Not available for land cultivation 440.90 7.35
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 207.77 3.46
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 393.69 6.56
Culturable wasteland 348.57 5.81
Fallow land other than current fallows 107.89 1.80
Current fallows 97.37 1.62
Net area sown 593.68 9.89
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
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10.28.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.28.2 Forest Cover of Uttarakhand

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 5,266.58 9.85
MDF 12,517.63 23.40
OF 6,519.62 12.19
Total 24,303.83 45.44
Scrub 412.88 0.77

Figure 10.28.1 Forest Cover of Uttarakhand

Table 10.28.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Uttarakhand

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
AlmoraH 3,144.05 222.24 817.89 682.83 1,722.96 54.80 4.09 5.82
BageshwarH 2,241.00 167.73 741.21 354.43 1,263.37 56.38 -2.36 1.43
Chamoli H
8,030.21 442.65 1,522.23 676.42 2,641.30 32.89 -9.36 3.78
ChampawatH 1,765.78 382.01 571.36 266.02 1,219.39 69.06 -3.28 9.06
Dehradun H
3,088.00 680.99 588.99 370.32 1,640.30 53.12 4.67 80.47
Garhwal H
5,328.55 588.44 1,847.84 924.27 3,360.55 63.07 0.58 99.06
HaridwarH 2,360.20 76.86 274.35 213.55 564.76 23.93 -2.47 11.25
NainitalH
4,251.35 780.03 1,583.17 503.35 2,866.55 67.43 0.77 15.88
PithoragarhH 7,090.05 518.02 978.53 640.78 2,137.33 30.15 0.68 44.89
Rudraprayag H
1,984.14 272.76 582.17 291.68 1,146.61 57.79 -3.23 9.23
Tehri GarhwalH 3,642.17 305.87 1,149.08 767.73 2,222.68 61.03 8.87 103.25
Udham Singh
2,542.25 157.69 216.42 120.06 494.17 19.44 -11.29 4.53
NagarH
UttarkashiH 8,015.81 671.29 1,644.39 708.18 3,023.86 37.72 -10.65 24.23
Grand Total 53,483.36 5,266.58 12,517.63 6,519.62 24,303.83 45.44 -22.98 412.88
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
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Table 10.28.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Uttarakhand

(km2)
2023 Assessment
%
Digitized Change
of
Division w.r.t.
Very Mod. Digitized
Division Bound- Open 2021 Scrub
Dense Dense Total Division
ary Forest Raster
Forest Forest Bound-
Area# based*
ary Area
Almora Forest Division 2,345.25 170.77 600.44 521.04 1,292.25 55.10 5.42 3.94
Badrinath Forest Division 2,178.68 227.22 840.69 370.07 1,437.98 66.00 -4.05 0.43
Bageshwar 2,223.58 160.94 729.59 359.37 1,249.90 56.21 -2.37 1.43
Binog Wildlife Sanctuary 11.55 4.04 4.24 1.42 9.70 83.98 0.00 0.02
Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary 58.91 17.01 29.56 3.15 49.72 84.40 0.00 0.00
Chakrata Forest Division 1,221.75 160.81 199.70 155.87 516.38 42.27 4.43 65.22
Champawat Forest Division 1,714.93 339.09 578.96 268.58 1,186.63 69.19 -1.93 8.17
Civil & Soyam Kalsi 439.35 115.08 76.17 41.06 232.31 52.88 2.19 2.41
Civil Soyam Almora 586.81 18.86 153.75 121.75 294.36 50.16 0.48 3.06
Corbett National Park 502.40 196.56 203.92 31.38 431.86 85.96 -0.38 0.78
Corbett National Park
156.88 27.21 89.38 22.22 138.81 88.48 0.37 1.18
Buffer
Dehradun 873.99 250.22 154.14 78.74 483.10 55.28 -2.25 4.24
Gangotri National Park 2,440.26 0.00 10.50 36.24 46.74 1.92 0.00 0.90
Garhwal Forest Division 2,856.02 192.15 694.42 592.13 1,478.70 51.77 -2.30 60.07
Govind National Park 552.55 3.03 22.77 20.86 46.66 8.44 -1.66 1.66
Govind Wildlife Sanctuary 611.02 55.06 184.94 111.19 351.19 57.48 -5.07 0.28
Haldwani Forest Division 692.21 236.52 293.44 66.40 596.36 86.15 -0.54 0.31
Hardwar Forest Division 2,020.52 11.24 113.20 145.37 269.81 13.35 -1.46 10.31
Kalagarh Tiger Reserve 321.33 114.77 160.25 6.04 281.06 87.47 -0.04 0.04
Kalagarh Tiger Reserve
315.42 97.47 191.69 15.48 304.64 96.58 -0.08 0.18
Buffer
Kedarnath Wildlife Division 2,047.73 249.45 582.16 308.83 1,140.44 55.69 -3.58 1.24
Lansdowne Forest Division 1,308.38 54.33 527.05 267.96 849.34 64.92 2.88 36.80
Mussoorie Forest Division 803.48 83.94 215.02 155.20 454.16 56.52 -0.63 18.90
Nainital Forest Division 1,311.33 186.67 530.47 214.24 931.38 71.03 -1.82 0.54
Nanda Devi Biosphere
2,691.25 0.02 16.35 8.28 24.65 0.92 0.75 0.52
Reserve
Nanda Devi Forest Division 1,098.22 32.38 273.68 63.16 369.22 33.62 -2.36 1.74
Nanda Devi National Park
542.61 0.00 1.95 1.72 3.67 0.68 0.00 0.00
(part)
Narendranagar Forest
1,182.66 61.54 292.36 348.91 702.81 59.43 0.48 35.69
Division
Pithoragarh Forest Division 7,226.62 517.60 975.47 638.53 2,131.60 29.50 0.69 44.90
Rajaji National Park 862.53 243.01 396.64 123.59 763.24 88.49 -0.98 1.26
Ramnagar Forest Division 581.44 200.75 247.69 44.49 492.93 84.78 -1.22 0.21
Rudraprayag Forest
1,193.55 206.88 390.80 229.21 826.89 69.28 -1.69 10.43
Division
Tarai Central 1,115.68 7.20 184.81 84.22 276.23 24.76 -7.55 3.96
Tarai East Forest Division 1,645.12 221.64 239.34 118.26 579.24 35.21 0.18 6.19
Tarai West 1,063.42 13.69 158.85 69.71 242.25 22.78 -3.72 7.12
312

Tehri Forest Division 2,199.73 173.70 710.58 332.87 1,217.15 55.33 9.39 57.46

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Uttarakhand

Table 10.28.4 Division-wise Forest Cover in Uttarakhand

(km2)
2023 Assessment
%
Change
Digitized of
w.r.t.
Division Very Mod. Digitized
Division Open 2021 Scrub
Boundary Dense Dense Total Division
Forest Raster
Area# Forest Forest Bound-
based*
ary Area
Tons Forest Division 761.22 178.63 284.41 138.37 601.41 79.01 -0.06 1.12
Upper Yamuna Barkot
1,029.10 137.22 371.05 120.08 628.35 61.06 -2.04 6.83
Forest Division
Uttarkashi Forest
2,614.82 298.04 769.72 279.40 1,347.16 51.52 -1.82 12.78
Division
Valley of Flowers (part) 75.40 0.00 0.01 0.94 0.95 1.26 0.00 0.00
Area which does not fall
135.32 1.84 17.47 3.29 22.60 16.70 -0.64 0.56
in any Division
Grand Total 53,613.02 5,266.58 12,517.63 6,519.62 24,303.83 45.33 -22.98 412.88
#As per the division boundary shapefile provided by State Forest Department.
* Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

10.28.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analyzed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.28.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Uttarakhand
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
4,520.08 9,109.85 3,269.35 746.50 3,407.78 3,250.27
16,899.28 7,404.55
26.75% 53.90% 19.35% 10.08% 46.02% 43.90%
*In case of Uttarakhand, RFA boundaries have been used.
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Figure 10.28.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Uttarakhand

Table 10.28.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for

Uttarakhand between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 4,307.46 1.55 0.55 0.00 4.69 4,314.25
MDF 212.61 9,010.07 41.95 1.25 41.04 9,306.92
OF 0.01 98.23 3,154.64 9.97 29.70 3,292.55
Scrub 0.00 0.00 25.11 52.42 0.74 78.27
NF 0.00 0.00 47.10 11.04 8,444.34 8,502.48
Total ISFR
2023 inside 4,520.08 9,109.85 3,269.35 74.68 8,520.51 25,494.47
RFA /GW
Net Change 205.83 -197.07 -23.20 -3.59 18.03
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Table 10.28.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for
Uttarakhand between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 725.59 0.26 0.36 0.04 0.68 726.93
MDF 20.91 3,383.22 24.47 0.59 10.67 3,439.86
OF 0.00 23.73 3,182.56 4.70 35.31 3,246.30
Scrub 0.00 0.00 2.68 330.35 4.91 337.94
NF 0.00 0.57 40.20 2.52 20,194.57 20,237.86
Total ISFR
2023 outside 746.50 3,407.78 3,250.27 338.20 20,246.14 27,988.89
RFA/GW
314

Net Change 19.57 -32.08 3.97 0.26 8.28

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Forest Survey of India
India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Uttarakhand

Table 10.28.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Uttarakhand

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 7,937.03 713.24 1,501.40 613.09 2,827.73 35.56
500-1000 5,703.01 1,193.46 1,830.75 913.20 3,937.41 106.47
1000-2000 17,560.08 1,546.53 5,084.29 3,396.26 10,027.08 230.03
2000-3000 7,248.04 1,684.12 3,003.48 1,050.44 5,738.04 22.55
3000-4000 4,193.08 129.22 1,094.83 536.58 1,760.63 17.11
>4000 10,842.12 0.01 2.88 10.05 12.94 1.16
Total 53,483.36 5,266.58 12,517.63 6,519.62 24,303.83 412.88
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.28.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Uttarakhand

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 9,446.02 919.17 1,371.22 646.14 2,936.53 44.52
5-10 4,069.01 505.08 948.89 353.65 1,807.62 19.02
10-15 5,688.06 638.36 1,474.60 652.83 2,765.79 38.82
15-20 7,028.03 759.54 1,893.38 935.23 3,588.15 60.58
20-25 7,313.11 756.44 2,014.82 1,058.30 3,829.56 70.73
25-30 6,683.05 667.25 1,849.74 1,029.67 3,546.66 68.32
>30 13,256.08 1,020.74 2,964.98 1,843.80 5,829.52 110.89
Total 53,483.36 5,266.58 12,517.63 6,519.62 24,303.83 412.88
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

315

Figure 10.28.3 Forest Cover Map of Uttarakhand

Forest Survey of India
 UTTARAKHAND

10.28.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Uttarakhand (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification,
1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.28.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Uttarakhand

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 3C/C2a Moist Siwalik sal forest 3,401.22 12.80
2 3C/C2b(i) Bhabar-dun sal forest 242.94 0.92
3 3C/C2c Moist tarai sal forest 393.77 1.48
4 3C/C2d(i) Western light alluvium plains sal 154.72 0.58
5 3C/C3a West Gangetic moist mixed deciduous forest 1,045.71 3.94
6 4C/FS2 Submontane hill valley swamp forest 0.79 0.00
7 5B/C1a Dry Siwalik sal forest 486.47 1.83
8 5B/C1b Dry plains sal forest 9.27 0.03
9 5B/C2 Northern dry mixed deciduous forest 921.00 3.47
10 5/DS1 Dry deciduous scrub 45.31 0.17
11 5/1S2 Khair-sissu forest 255.73 0.96
12 9/C1a Lower or Siwalik chir pine forest 43.68 0.16
13 9/C1b Upper or Himalayan chir pine forest 7,502.20 28.24
14 9/C1/DS1 Himalayan subtropical scrub 419.47 1.58
15 9/C1/DS2 Subtropical Euphorbia scrub 37.03 0.14
16 12/C1a Ban oak forest (Q. incana) 2,200.38 8.29
17 12/C1b Moru oak forest (Q. dilatata) 123.88 0.47
18 12/C1c Moist deodar forest (Cedrus) 387.65 1.46
19 12/C1d Western mixed coniferous forest (spruce, blue pine, silver fir) 2,750.49 10.36
20 12/C1e Moist temperate deciduous forest 209.57 0.79
21 12/C1f Low-level blue pine forest (P. wallichiana) 30.53 0.11
22 12/C1/DS1 Oak scrub 33.37 0.13
23 12/C1/DS2 Himalayan temperate secondary scrub 15.80 0.06
24 12/C2a Kharsu oak forest (Q. semecarpifolia) 817.76 3.08
25 12/C2b West Himalayan upper oak/fir forest 1,475.99 5.56
26 12/C2c Moist temperate deciduous forest 202.93 0.76
27 12/1S1 Alder forest 8.40 0.03
28 12/2S1 Low-level blue pine forest 21.86 0.08
29 13/C2b Dry deodar forest (Cedrus) 196.87 0.74
30 13/C5 West Himalayan dry juniper forest (J. macropoda) 3.78 0.01
31 13/1S1 Hippophae/Myricaria scrub 65.03 0.24
32 14/C1a West Himalayan sub-alpine fir forest 185.00 0.70
33 14/C1b West Himalayan sub-alpine birch/fir forest 516.49 1.95
34 14/1S1 Hippophae/Myricaria brakes 20.61 0.08
35 14/1S2 Deciduous sub-alpine scrub 40.69 0.15
36 15/C1 Birch/Rhododendron scrub forest 114.10 0.43
37 15/E1 Dwarf Rhododendron scrub 9.83 0.04
38 16/C1 Dry alpine scrub 2.75 0.01
39 16/E1 Dwarf juniper scrub 27.70 0.10
316

Sub Total 24,420.77 91.93

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Uttarakhand

Table 10.28.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Uttarakhand

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
40 TOF/ Plantation 295.94 1.12
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 24,716.71 93.05
Grassland forest type (outside forest cover)
41 3C/C2/DS1 Moist sal savannah 9.96 0.04
42 3/1S1 Low alluvial savannah woodland (Salmalia-Albizzia) 3.28 0.01
43 12/DS2 Himalayan temperate parkland 14.88 0.06
44 12/DS3 Himalayan temperate pastures 85.58 0.32
45 14/DS1 Sub-alpine pastures 219.90 0.83
46 15/C3 Alpine pastures 1,513.58 5.69
Sub Total 1,847.18 6.95
Grand Total 26,563.89 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). Grassland forest types outside forest cover have also been mapped. The total
mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover, scrub and grassland forest types (found in non-forest).

10.28.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.28.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Almora 786 2,810
2 Bageshwar 321 805
3 Chamoli 330 1,331
4 Champawat 470 1,782
5 Dehradun 230 705
6 Garhwal 928 3,193
7 Haridwar 99 59
8 Nainital 570 3,320
9 Pithoragarh 785 1,204
10 Rudraprayag 70 489
11 Tehri Garhwal 310 2,589
12 Udham Singh Nagar 128 289
13 Uttarkashi 324 2,457
Total 5,351 21,033
317

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 UTTARAKHAND

10.28.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.27.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover
1 Extremely fire prone 24.39 0.10
2 Very highly fire prone 3,193.95 12.92
3 Highly fire prone 6,832.16 27.64
4 Moderately fire prone 4,946.88 20.01
5 Less fire prone 9,719.33 39.33
Total 24,716.71 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.

Figure 10.28.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes
10.28.6 Results Derived from NFI for Uttarakhand

Table 10.28.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Pinus roxburghii 1,93,883 100.34
2 Quercus leucotrichophora 1,57,597 38.46
3 Shorea robusta 90,283 91.67
4 Rhododendron arboreum 84,836 22.46
5 Mallotus philippensis 53,278 4.73
318

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Uttarakhand

Table 10.28.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Grewia optiva/ Grewia oppositifolia 34,551 1.622
2 Quercus leucotrichophora 20,313 2.375
3 Mangifera indica 10,913 2.127
4 Pinus roxburghii 10,317 3.074
5 Ficus species 7,745 0.700

Table 10.28.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Quercus leucotrichophora 607 0.183
2 Mangifera indica 399 0.110
3 Litchi chinensis/ Litchi sinensis 171 0.015
4 Psidium guajava 151 0.004
5 Cedrus deodara 123 0.097

Table 10.28.16 Major NTFP Species in Uttarakhand

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)
1 Shorea robusta Tree 37,79,429
2 Rhododendron arboreum Tree 12,23,741
3 Myrica esculenta Tree 5,30,071
4 Pinus roxburghii/ Pinus longifolia Tree 1,93,883
5 Ehretia aspera/ Ehretia laevis Tree 1,72,249
6 Lannea coromandelica Tree 70,627
7 Aegle marmelos Tree 43,783
8 Cinnamomum tamala Tree 29,600
9 Zanthoxylum alatum Shrubs 27,16,982
10 Cudrania javanensis/ Maclura cochinchinensis Shrubs 2,46,998

Table 10.28.17 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA in
Uttarakhand
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)
1 Lantana camara 1,334.69
2 Ageratina adenophora 668.59
3 Cassia tora/ Senna tora 119.75
4 Saccharum spontaneum 79.83
5 Parthenium hysterophorus 62.37
319

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 10.29
WEST BENGAL
WEST BENGAL
Geographical Area
88,752 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 21◦29’ N to 27◦13’ N
Longitude 85◦50’ E to 89◦52’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
91.27 million
Urban 29.09 million (11.29 %)
Rural 62.18 million (88.71 %)
Tribal 5.30 million (5.80 %)
Average Population Density
1,028 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
30.35 million
No. of Districts
23
No. of Hill Districts
2
No. of Tribal Districts
11

Table 10.29.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 8,875
Reporting area for land utilization 8,684.11 100.00
Forests 1,175.16 13.53
Not available for land cultivation 1,912.02 22.02
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 1.92 0.02
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 42.75 0.49
Culturable wasteland 10.65 0.12
Fallow land other than current fallows 6.25 0.07
Current fallows 254.03 2.93
Net area sown 5,281.33 60.82
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
320

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) West Bengal

10.29.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.29.2 Forest Cover of West Bengal

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 3,037.10 3.42
MDF 4,175.38 4.70
OF 9,619.85 10.84
Total 16,832.33 18.96
Scrub 137.92 0.16

Figure 10.29.1 Forest Cover of West Bengal

Table 10.29.3 District-wise Forest Cover in West Bengal

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
Calcu- % of Cal-
w.r.t.
lated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
SoI Forest Forest SoI
based*
Alipurduar 2,801 438.92 319.19 791.26 1,549.37 55.31 12.42 20.55
Bankura 6,882 232.33 420.02 656.43 1,308.78 19.02 41.18 24.22
Birbhum 4,545 0.54 39.29 146.71 186.54 4.10 2.34 7.17
Cooch Behar 3,387 0.00 26.88 335.96 362.84 10.71 -1.39 0.00
Dakshin Dinajpur 2,219 0.00 5.17 76.77 81.94 3.69 -0.06 0.00
DarjeelingH 2,054 397.04 338.90 666.63 1,402.57 68.28 -2.82 6.82
Hoogly 3,149 0.00 13.36 142.17 155.53 4.94 -1.54 0.00
Howrah 1,467 0.00 48.04 243.57 291.61 19.88 -14.36 0.00
Jalpaiguri 3,426 297.45 113.15 868.18 1,278.78 37.33 1.35 23.43
Jhargram 3,097 126.71 310.63 445.40 882.74 28.50 12.83 13.70
Kalimpong H
1,095 324.66 343.09 265.82 933.57 85.26 0.37 0.90
Kolkata 185 0.00 0.05 1.79 1.84 0.99 0.55 0.00
Malda 3,733 0.00 214.56 294.40 508.96 13.63 20.87 0.00
Murshidabad 5,324 0.00 52.21 287.80 340.01 6.39 -2.86 0.17
Nadia 3,927 1.04 154.95 309.55 465.54 11.85 0.26 0.00
North 24 Parganas 4,094 13.44 179.01 509.58 702.03 17.15 -5.95 0.00
Paschim Bardhaman 1,812 47.77 45.79 97.62 191.18 10.55 0.12 4.07
Paschim Medinipur 6,271 135.16 319.44 857.37 1,311.97 20.92 29.61 10.13
Purba Bardhaman 5,212 11.93 51.75 85.53 149.21 2.86 1.51 1.30
Purba Medinipur 4,713 1.68 110.22 678.12 790.02 16.76 -16.30 2.25
Purulia 6,259 40.23 311.59 582.70 934.52 14.93 3.94 23.21
South 24 Parganas 9,960 968.20 754.47 1,047.39 2,770.06 27.81 -28.21 0.00
Uttar Dinajpur 3,140 0.00 3.62 229.10 232.72 7.41 -3.64 0.00
Grand Total 88,752 3,037.10 4,175.38 9,619.85 16,832.33 18.97 50.22 137.92
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
321

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 WEST BENGAL

Table 10.29.4 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of West Bengal

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Area as per Forest
Sl. No. Name of Urban Very Mod.
Digitized Open Cover w.r.t. Scrub
Local Body Dense Dense Total
Boundary* Forest Area of
Forest Forest
Digitized
Boundary
1 Asansol 327.47 0.00 1.48 5.80 7.28 2.22 0.00
2 Durgapur 155.78 0.12 1.99 10.37 12.48 8.01 0.69
3 Bidhan Nagar 55.70 0.00 0.06 0.59 0.65 1.17 0.00
4 Howrah 51.27 0.00 0.10 2.31 2.41 4.70 0.00
5 Rajpur- Sonarpur 50.52 0.00 0.00 5.35 5.35 10.59 0.00
6 Kharagpur 46.04 0.39 0.20 5.32 5.91 12.84 0.00
7 Maheshtala 42.43 0.00 0.02 7.43 7.45 17.56 0.00
8 Siliguri 41.92 0.00 0.01 0.51 0.52 1.24 0.00
9 Barasat 28.55 0.00 0.14 4.62 4.76 16.67 0.00
10 Bhatpara 26.77 0.00 0.17 6.99 7.16 26.75 0.00
11 Bardhaman 25.69 0.00 0.00 1.12 1.12 4.36 0.00
12 Basirhat 24.07 0.00 4.73 8.15 12.88 53.51 0.00
13 Kalyani 22.89 0.00 0.18 3.89 4.07 17.78 0.00
14 Habra 22.44 0.00 1.08 10.31 11.39 50.76 0.00
15 Santipur 22.37 0.00 4.33 0.94 5.27 23.56 0.00
16 Chandannagar 22.08 0.00 0.49 5.90 6.39 28.94 0.00
Ashokenagar-
17 21.52 0.00 0.56 9.34 9.90 46.00 0.00
Kalyannagar
18 Madhyamgram 20.84 0.00 0.10 1.92 2.02 9.69 0.00
19 North DumDum 19.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
20 Medinipur 19.59 0.00 0.00 1.60 1.60 8.17 0.00
21 Panihati 19.30 0.00 0.06 0.25 0.31 1.61 0.00
22 Bankura 19.06 0.00 0.00 0.44 0.44 2.31 0.00
23 Bongaon 15.56 0.00 2.38 1.45 3.83 24.61 0.00
24 South DumDum 14.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25 Baidyabati 14.56 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.34 0.00
26 Krishnanagar 14.23 0.00 0.09 1.87 1.96 13.77 0.00
27 Hoogly-Chinsurah 13.99 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.21 1.50 0.00
28 Purulia 13.90 0.00 0.08 0.09 0.17 1.22 0.00
North
29 13.63 0.00 0.13 1.32 1.45 10.64 0.00
Barrackpore
30 Berhampore 13.59 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.18 1.32 0.00
31 English- Bazar 13.41 0.00 0.14 0.18 0.32 2.39 0.00
32 Jalpaiguri 12.43 0.00 0.02 0.22 0.24 1.93 0.00
33 Bally 11.82 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.17 0.00
34 Kamarhati 11.30 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.44 0.00
35 Uttarpara 11.22 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.53 0.00
36 Raiganj 10.84 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.25 2.31 0.00
37 Balurghat 10.77 0.00 0.02 1.37 1.39 12.91 0.00
38 Jangipur 9.96 0.00 0.75 2.00 2.75 27.61 0.00
39 Nabadwip 9.27 0.00 1.61 0.09 1.70 18.34 0.00
322

40 Darjeeling 9.16 0.71 2.75 2.68 6.14 67.03 0.00

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) West Bengal

Table 10.29.4 Forest Cover in Municipal Areas of West Bengal

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Area as per Forest
Sl. No. Name of Urban Very Mod.
Digitized Open Cover w.r.t. Scrub
Local Body Dense Dense Total
Boundary* Forest Area of
Forest Forest
Digitized
Boundary
41 Halisahar 9.09 0.00 0.00 0.74 0.74 8.14 0.00
42 Barrackpore 8.60 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.35 4.07 0.00
43 Bhadreswar 8.49 0.00 0.18 2.37 2.55 30.04 0.00
44 Baranagar 8.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
45 Bansberia 8.46 0.00 0.00 0.68 0.68 8.04 0.00
46 Kanchrapara 7.78 0.00 0.00 0.44 0.44 5.66 0.00
47 Naihati 7.54 0.00 0.15 0.68 0.83 11.01 0.00
48 Srerampore 7.26 0.00 0.03 0.12 0.15 2.07 0.00
49 Khardah 6.04 0.00 0.02 0.10 0.12 1.99 0.00
50 Champdani 5.72 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.40 6.99 0.00
51 DumDum 5.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
52 Rishra 4.85 0.00 0.04 0.10 0.14 2.89 0.00
53 Titagarh 3.33 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 1.50 0.00
54 Ulberia 34.02 0.00 0.54 18.56 19.10 56.14 0.00
55 Haldia 104.60 0.00 0.72 12.56 13.28 12.70 0.00
Grand Total 1,539.71 1.22 25.35 142.39 168.96 10.97 0.69
*Shapefile of digitized boundary as provided by State Mission Directorate, AMRUT.

10.29.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.29.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in West Bengal
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
2,781.11 2,654.27 2,253.18 255.99 1,521.11 7,366.67
7,688.56 9,143.77
36.17 % 34.52 % 29.31 % 2.80% 16.64% 80.56%
*In case of West Bengal, RFA boundaries have been used.
323

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 WEST BENGAL

Figure 10.29.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in West Bengal
Table 10.29.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for
West Bengal between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 2,744.40 7.59 7.65 0.08 3.87 2,763.59
MDF 30.84 2,575.24 10.34 0.51 6.27 2,623.20
OF 3.63 60.96 2,152.27 2.63 17.49 2,236.98
Scrub 0.12 3.10 19.42 69.53 3.85 96.02
NF 2.12 7.38 63.50 4.57 3990.04 4,067.61
Total ISFR
2023 inside 2,781.11 2,654.27 2,253.18 77.32 4,021.52 11,787.40
RFA /GW
Net Change 17.52 31.07 16.20 -18.70 -46.09
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Table 10.29.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for
West Bengal between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 251.77 0.62 0.42 0.00 0.86 253.67
MDF 2.46 1,440.37 41.29 0.10 22.65 1,506.87
OF 0.72 57.59 7,030.87 6.55 302.07 7,397.80
Scrub 0.00 0.11 3.65 48.65 2.08 54.49
NF 1.04 22.42 290.44 5.30 67,432.57 67,751.77
Total ISFR
2023 outside 255.99 1,521.11 7,366.67 60.60 67,760.23 76,964.60
RFA/GW
324

Net Change 2.32 14.24 -31.13 6.11 8.46

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Forest Survey of India
India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) West Bengal

Table 10.29.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in West Bengal

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 86,650 2,411.66 3,592.43 8,954.93 14,959.02 137.62
500-1000 807 141.62 289.39 250.28 681.29 0.30
1000-2000 970 260.76 238.51 371.34 870.61 0.00
2000-3000 292 196.67 50.79 41.95 289.41 0.00
>3000 33 26.39 4.26 1.35 32.00 0.00
Total 88,752 3,037.10 4,175.38 9,619.85 16,832.33 137.92
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.29.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in West Bengal

(km2)
Calculated
Slope
Area VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees)
by SoI
0-5 85,130 2,225.81 3,223.52 8,659.56 14,108.89 124.28
5-10 1,227 142.19 219.04 225.25 586.48 5.76
10-15 508 118.22 154.61 148.25 421.08 2.55
15-20 539 147.63 163.01 165.40 476.04 1.97
20-25 514 149.07 155.68 160.24 464.99 1.48
25-30 404 121.77 124.37 126.58 372.72 0.97
>30 430 132.41 135.15 134.57 402.13 0.91
Total 88,752 3,037.10 4,175.38 9,619.85 16,832.33 137.92
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

325

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 WEST BENGAL

Figure 10.29.3 Forest Cover Map of West Bengal

326

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) West Bengal

10.29.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in West Bengal (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification,
1968) based on Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.29.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in West Bengal
(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 2B/C1/2S3 Sub-Himalayan secondary wet mixed forest 360.94 2.12
2 3C/C1a(i) East Himalayan sal 405.56 2.39
3 3C/C1b(i) East Himalayan upper bhabarsal 153.00 0.90
4 3C/C1b(ii) East Himalayan lower bhabarsal 115.19 0.68
5 3C/C1c Eastern taraisal forest 326.82 1.92
6 3C/C2d (iii) Eastern heavy alluvium plains sal 2.62 0.02
7 3C/C2/DS1 Moist sal savannah 10.91 0.06
8 3C/C3a West Gangetic moist mixed deciduous forest 11.83 0.07
9 3C/C3b East Himalayan moist mixed deciduous forest 418.18 2.46
10 3C/C3/2S2 Secondary Euphorbiaceous scrub 4.69 0.03
11 3/1S1 Low alluvial savannah woodland (Salmalia-Albizzia) 32.25 0.19
12 4B/TS1 Mangrove scrub 144.94 0.85
13 4B/TS2 Mangrove forest 1,047.03 6.15
14 4B/TS3 Saltwater mixed forest (Heritiera) 479.91 2.82
15 4B/TS4 Brackish water mixed forest (Heritiera) 317.43 1.87
16 4B/TS4/E1 Palm swamp 158.71 0.93
17 4C/FS2 Submontane hill valley swamp forest 5.50 0.03
18 4D/SS2 Barringtonia swamp forest 3.40 0.02
19 5B/C1c Dry peninsular sal forest 2,814.92 16.55
20 5B/C2 Northern dry mixed deciduous forest 260.34 1.53
21 5/DS1 Dry deciduous scrub 28.76 0.17
22 5/E5 Butea forest 23.07 0.14
23 5/1S2 Khair-sissu forest 214.43 1.26
24 8B/C1 East Himalayan subtropical wet hill forest 478.96 2.82
25 11B/C1a Lauraceous forest 123.11 0.72
26 11B/C1b Buk oak forest 53.28 0.31
27 11B/C1c High-level oak forest 20.17 0.12
28 12/C3a East Himalayan mixed coniferous forest 327.42 1.92
29 12/DS1 Montane bamboo brakes 8.13 0.05
30 14/C2 East Himalayan sub-alpine birch/fir forest 12.45 0.07
Sub Total 8,363.95 49.17
31 TOF/ Plantation 8,606.30 50.59
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 16,970.25 99.76
Grassland forest types (outside forest cover)
32 4D/2S2 Eastern wet alluvial grassland 35.10 0.21
33 12/DS3 Himalayan temperate pastures 5.81 0.03
Sub Total 40.91 0.24
Grand Total 17,011.16 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). Grassland forest types outside forest cover have also been mapped. The total
327

mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover, scrub and grassland forest types (found in non-forest).

Forest Survey of India

 WEST BENGAL
10.29.4 Forest Fire
District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.29.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Alipurduar 56 151
2 Bankura 772 456
3 Birbhum 56 37
4 Cooch Behar 1 1
5 Dakshin Dinajpur 16 13
6 Darjeeling 34 41
7 Hoogly 2 0
8 Howrah 0 0
9 Jalpaiguri 109 128
10 Jhargram 698 371
11 Kalimpong 90 78
12 Kolkata 0 0
13 Malda 8 0
14 Murshidabad 0 1
15 Nadia 5 0
16 North 24 Parganas 0 0
17 Paschim Bardhaman 161 128
18 Paschim Medinipur 692 295
19 Purba Bardhaman 73 36
20 Purba Medinipur 0 0
21 Purulia 323 282
22 South 24 Parganas 0 2
23 Uttar Dinajpur 0 0
Total 3,096 2,020

10.29.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.29.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover
1 Extremely fire prone 0.00 0.00
2 Very highly fire prone 204.47 1.20
3 Highly fire prone 943.16 5.56
4 Moderately fire prone 1,159.94 6.84
5 Less fire prone 14,662.68 86.40
Total 16,970.25 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.
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Figure 10.29.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes
10.29.6 Results Derived from NFI for West Bengal
Table 10.29.13 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species
in RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Shorea robusta 1,10,695 23.71
2 Acacia auriculiformis 27,579 1.65
3 Eucalyptus species 11,905 1.44
4 Madhuca longifolia/ M. latifolia/ M. indica 9,079 1.11
329

5 Tectona grandis 7,524 4.29

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 WEST BENGAL

Table 10.29.14 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Acacia auriculiformis 42,808 2.281
2 Mangifera indica 17,825 5.804
3 Areca catechu 16,471 0.317
4 Eucalyptus species 14,534 1.044
5 Butea monosperma 10,842 1.039

Table 10.29.15 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Areca catechu 10,539 0.170
2 Cocos nucifera 4,442 0.841
3 Mangifera indica 4,260 0.804
4 Artocarpus heterophyllus 1,961 0.349
5 Swietenia mahagoni 1,918 0.195

Table 10.29.16 Major NTFP Species in West Bengal

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)
1 Shorea robusta Tree 74,97,860
2 Madhuca longifolia/ M. latifolia/ M. indica Tree 5,55,424
3 Butea monosperma Tree 1,99,922
4 Terminalia bellirica Tree 1,29,640
Piper species/ Piper longum/ Piper mullesua/
5 Tree 20,04,325
Piper peepuloides
6 Asparagus racemosus Climber 4,51,679
7 Calamus floribundus Climber 37,640
8 Andrographis paniculata Climber 1,57,05,012
Ocimum species (Ocimum gratissimum/
9 Ocimum sanctum/ Ocimum tenuiflorum/ Herbs 1,02,20,722
Ocimum americanum)
10 Centella asiatica Herbs 47,36,432

Table 10.29.17 Major invasive Species in the State inside the RFA in
West Bengal
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)
1 Chromolaena odorata 641.10
2 Lantana camara 241.95
3 Mikania micrantha 92.15
4 Ageratum conyzoides 58.64
5 Imperata cylindrica 53.71
330

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Photo: Anant Shukla
 10.30
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR
ISLANDS
ISLANDS
Geographical Area
8,249 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 06◦ N to 14◦ N
Longitude 92◦ E to 94◦ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
0.38 million
Urban 0.14 million (37.70 %)
Rural 0.24 million (62.30 %)
Tribal 0.03 million (7.50 %)
Average Population Density
46 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
0.15 million
No. of Districts
3
No. of Hill Districts
0
No. of Tribal Districts
3

Table 10.30.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 825
Reporting area for land utilization 714.71 100.00
Forests 674.40 94.36
Not available for land cultivation 8.82 1.23
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 3.69 0.52
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 4.09 0.57
Culturable wasteland 3.09 0.43
Fallow land other than current fallows 3.28 0.46
Current fallows 2.63 0.37
Net area sown 14.71 2.06
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Andaman & Nicobar Islands

10.30.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.30.2 Forest Cover of Andaman & Nicobar Islands

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 5,702.87 69.13
MDF 653.20 7.92
OF 376.85 4.57
Total 6,732.92 81.62
Scrub 4.16 0.05

Figure 10.30.1 Forest Cover of Andaman & Nicobar Islands

Table 10.30.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Andaman & Nicobar Islands
(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
Calcu- % of Cal-
w.r.t.
lated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
SoI Forest Forest SoI
based*
Nicobars 1,841.00 1,147.61 105.83 156.97 1,410.41 76.61 6.88 1.30
North & Middle
3,736.16 2,668.91 320.07 70.63 3,059.61 81.90 -10.50 2.32
Andaman
South Andaman 2,671.85 1,886.35 227.30 149.25 2,262.90 84.69 -0.40 0.54
Grand Total 8,249.00 5,702.87 653.20 376.85 6,732.92 81.62 -4.02 4.16
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.30.4 Forest Cover in Municipal areas of Andaman & Nicobar

Islands
(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Sl. Area as per Forest
Name of Urban Very Mod.
No. Digitized Open Cover w.r.t. Scrub
Local Body Dense Dense Total
Boundary* Forest Area of
Forest Forest
Digitized
Boundary
Port Blair Municipal
1 41.46 1.54 5.26 10.78 17.58 42.40 0.00
Corporation
*Shapefile of digitized boundary as provided by Directorate of Municipal Administration/Urban Development Port
Blair Municipal Corporation.

10.30.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.
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Table 10.30.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in A&N Islands
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
5,393.99 525.49 251.03 308.88 127.71 125.82
6,170.51 562.41
87.41% 8.52% 4.07% 54.92% 22.71% 22.37%
*In case of A&N Islands, new RFA boundaries have been used.

Figure 10.30.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Andaman & Nicobar Islands

Table 10.30.6 Forest Cover change matrix Inside RFA/GW for

Andaman & Nicobar Islands between 2021 Raster based* and 2023
Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 5,366.42 0.65 0.11 0.43 5.39 5,373.00
MDF 26.50 521.44 0.20 0.99 0.00 549.13
OF 0.43 3.02 245.32 0.90 1.00 250.67
Scrub 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.78 0.00 0.78
NF 0.64 0.38 5.40 0.00 567.11 573.53
Total ISFR
2023 inside 5,393.99 525.49 251.03 3.10 573.50 6,747.11
RFA /GW
Net Change 20.99 -23.64 0.36 2.32 -0.03
334

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Andaman & Nicobar Islands

Table 10.30.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for

Andaman & Nicobar Islands between 2021 Raster based and 2023
Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 307.38 2.08 0.23 0.00 0.11 309.80
MDF 1.36 121.18 0.97 0.71 3.71 127.93
OF 0.14 4.44 119.39 0.12 2.32 126.41
Scrub 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.13
NF 0.00 0.01 5.23 0.10 932.28 937.62
Total ISFR
2023 outside 308.88 127.71 125.82 1.06 938.42 1,501.89
RFA/GW
Net Change -0.92 -0.22 -0.59 0.93 0.80
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.30.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Andaman & Nicobar

Islands
(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 8,238.00 5,692.28 653.11 376.77 6,722.16 4.16
500-1000 11.00 10.59 0.09 0.08 10.76 0.00
Total 8,249.00 5,702.87 653.20 376.85 6,732.92 4.16
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.30.9 Forest Cover in different Slope Classes in Andaman &

Nicobar Islands
(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 3,983.00 2,262.47 367.04 257.19 2,886.70 2.97
5-10 1,999.00 1,492.08 182.27 76.48 1,750.83 0.67
10-15 1,185.00 976.43 72.17 27.78 1,076.38 0.30
15-20 651.00 575.59 21.77 9.64 607.00 0.14
20-25 299.00 274.43 6.74 3.42 284.59 0.06
25-30 101.00 93.44 2.21 1.34 96.99 0.02
Above 30 31.00 28.43 1.00 1.00 30.43 0.00
Total 8,249.00 5,702.87 653.20 376.85 6,732.92 4.16
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
335

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 ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS

Figure 10.30.3 Forest Cover Map of Andaman & Nicobar Islands

336

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Andaman & Nicobar Islands

10.30.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Andaman & Nicobar Islands (as per the Champion & Seth
Forest Classification, 1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the
following table.
Table 10.30.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types found in Andaman &
Nicobar Islands
(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 1A/C1 Giant evergreen forest 38.52 0.57
2 1A/C2 Andamans tropical evergreen forest 2,966.97 44.04
3 1A/C2/E1 Andamans moist deciduous forest 160.95 2.39
4 1A/C3 Southern hilltop tropical evergreen forest 80.79 1.20
5 1/E1 Cane brakes 0.26 0.01
6 1/E2 Wet bamboo brakes 21.85 0.32
7 1/2S1 Pioneer Euphorbiaceous scrub 3.41 0.05
8 2A/C1 Andamans semi-evergreen forest 2,062.05 30.61
9 2/E2 Wet bamboo brakes 12.50 0.19
10 3A/C1 Andamans moist deciduous forest 545.82 8.10
11 3A/C1/2S1 Andamans secondary moist deciduous forest 7.70 0.11
12 4A/L1 Littoral forest 7.62 0.11
13 4B/TS2 Mangrove forest 622.55 9.24
Sub Total 6,530.99 96.94
14 TOF/Plantation 206.09 3.06
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 6,737.08 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown In
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). The total mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover and scrub.

10.30.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.30.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Nicobars 17 11
2 North & Middle Andaman 2 6
3 South Andaman 1 4
Total 20 21
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 ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS

10.30.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.30.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover
1 Extremely fire prone 0.00 0.00
2 Very highly fire prone 0.00 0.00
3 Highly fire prone 0.00 0.00
4 Moderately fire prone 1.83 0.03
5 Less fire prone 6,735.25 99.97
Total 6,737.08 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.

Figure 10.30.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes
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10.30.6 Results Derived from NFI for Andaman Nicobar Islands

Table 10.30.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Myristica species 15,902 3.29
2 Dipterocarpus turbinatus 12,970 15.44
3 Diospyros species 8,389 1.02
4 Areca catechu 7,735 0.25
5 Lagerstroemia hypoleuca 4,900 2.58

Table 10.30.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Areca catechu 29,713 0.940
2 Cocos nucifera 2,061 0.803
3 Mangifera indica 332 0.188
4 Syzygium species 258 0.009
5 Acacia auriculiformis 200 0.120

Table 10.30.15 Number of Trees and their volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Areca catechu 83 0.003
2 Gliricidia sepium 15 0.001
3 Cocos nucifera 10 0.003
4 Mangifera indica 7 0.002
5 Artocarpus heterophyllus/ Artocarpus integrifolia 3 0.002

Table 10.30.16 Major NTFP Species in Andaman & Nicobar Islands

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)
1 Cinnamomum tamala Tree 91,560
2 Licuala peltata Tree 80,931
3 Areca catechu Tree 7,735
4 Heritiera littoralis Tree 5,422
5 Calamus longisetus Shrubs 13,28,296
6 Calamus latifolius/ Calamus palustris Shrubs 5,97,466
7 Korthalsia laciniosa Climbers 13,32,297
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 ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS

Table 10.30.17 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA in
Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)
1 Chromolaena odorata 72.69
2 Mimosa pigra 2.51
3 Alternanthera philoxeroides 2.51
340

Photo: Anant Shukla

Forest Survey of India
Photo: FSI Repository
 10.31
CHANDIGARH
CHANDIGARH
Geographical Area
114 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 30◦39’ N to 30◦49’ N
Longitude 75◦41’ E to 75◦51’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
1.06 million
Urban 1.03 million (97.25 %)
Rural 0.03 million (2.75 %)
Tribal NIL
Average Population Density
9,298 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
0.024 million
No. of Districts
1
No. of Hill Districts
0
No. of Tribal Districts
0

Table 10.31.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 11
Reporting area for land utilization 9.10 100.00
Forests 2.29 25.16
Not available for land cultivation 5.36 58.90
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 0.00 0.00
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 0.17 1.87
Culturable wasteland 0.00 0.00
Fallow land other than current fallows 0.05 0.55
Current fallows 0.05 0.55
Net area sown 1.18 12.97
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
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10.31.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.31.2 Forest Cover of Chandigarh

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 1.44 1.26
MDF 13.52 11.86
OF 10.04 8.81
Total 25.00 21.93
Scrub 0.78 0.68

Figure 10.31.1 Forest Cover of Chandigarh

Table 10.31.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Chandigarh

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Chandigarh 114 1.44 13.52 10.04 25.00 21.93 1.20 0.78
Grand Total 114 1.44 13.52 10.04 25.00 21.93 1.20 0.78
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

10.31.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.31.4 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Chandigarh
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
1.36 5.04 2.54 0.08 8.48 7.50
8.94 16.06
15.21% 56.38% 28.41% 0.50% 52.80% 46.70%
*In case of Chandigarh, RFA boundaries have been used.
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 CHANDIGARH

Figure 10.31.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Chandigarh

Table 10.31.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for

Chandigarh between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 1.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.29
MDF 0.07 4.96 0.03 0.00 0.01 5.07
OF 0.00 0.05 2.30 0.00 0.00 2.35
Scrub 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.05
NF 0.00 0.03 0.21 0.00 2.32 2.56
Total ISFR
2023 inside 1.36 5.04 2.54 0.05 2.33 11.32
RFA /GW
Net Change 0.07 -0.03 0.19 0.00 -0.23
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
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Table 10.31.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for

Chandigarh between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07
MDF 0.01 8.22 0.31 0.00 0.14 8.68
OF 0.00 0.09 6.00 0.00 0.25 6.34
Scrub 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.00 0.53
NF 0.00 0.17 1.19 0.20 85.5 87.06
Total ISFR
2023 outside 0.08 8.48 7.50 0.73 85.89 102.68
RFA/GW
Net Change 0.01 -0.20 1.16 0.20 -1.17
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.31.7 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Chandigarh

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 114.00 1.44 13.52 10.04 25.00 0.78
Total 114.00 1.44 13.52 10.04 25.00 0.78
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.31.8 Forest Cover in different slope classes in Chandigarh

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 109 1.38 12.65 9.49 23.52 0.75
5-10 5 0.06 0.87 0.55 1.48 0.03
Total 114.00 1.44 13.52 10.04 25.00 0.78
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
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 CHANDIGARH

Figure 10.31.3 Forest Cover Map of Chandigarh

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Chandigarh

10.31.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Chandigarh (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification,
1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.31.9 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Chandigarh

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 5B/C2 Northern dry mixed deciduous forest 11.12 43.14
2 5/DS1 Dry deciduous scrub 0.89 3.45
Sub Total 12.01 46.59
3 TOF/ Plantation 13.77 53.41
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 25.78 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). The total mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover and scrub.

10.31.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.31.10 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Chandigarh 1 1
Total 1 1

10.31.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.31.11 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover

1 Extremely fire prone 0.00 0.00

2 Very highly fire prone 0.00 0.00
3 Highly fire prone 0.00 0.00
4 Moderately fire prone 0.00 0.00
5 Less fire prone 25.78 100.00
Total 25.78 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.
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Figure 10.31.4 : Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes

10.31.6 Results Derived from NFI for Chandigarh

Table 10.31.12 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Leucaena leucocephala 183 0.02

2 Acacia catechu/ Senegalia catechu 164 0.02
3 Dalbergia sissoo 101 0.03
4 Emblica officinalis/ Phyllanthus emblica 84 0.01
5 Melia azedarach 64 0.01

Table 10.31.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Eucalyptus species 13 0.0050

2 Morus species 7 0.0010
3 Dalbergia sissoo 5 0.0004
4 Mangifera indica 5 0.0030
5 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 4 0.0010
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Table 10.31.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)

1 Mangifera indica 72 0.046

2 Polyalthia longifolia/ Monoon longifolium 70 0.007
3 Pongamia pinnata(Old) Bongamia glabra 62 0.012
4 Morus species 49 0.009
5 Psidium guajava 44 0.002

Table 10.31.15 Major NTFP Species in Chandigarh

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)

1 Murraya koenigii/ Bergera koenigii Tree 10,781

2 Morus alba Tree 2,476
3 Acacia catechu/ Senegalia catechu Tree 350
4 Emblica officinalis/ Phyllanthus emblica Tree 270
5 Syzygium cumini Tree 46
6 Ziziphus species Tree 45
7 Terminalia arjuna Tree 37
8 Ficus virens Tree 9
9 Psidium guajava Tree 6
10 Cassia fistula/ Sp. Tree 4

Table 10.31.16 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA in
Chandigarh
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)

1 Lantana camara 3.93

2 Parthenium hysterophorus 1.65
3 Saccharum spontaneum 1.35
4 Achyranthes aspera 0.22
5 Tridax procumbens 0.07
349

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 10.32
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
AND DAMAN & DIU
AND DAMAN & DIU
Geographical Area
602 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 20◦00’N to 20◦28’ N
Longitude 70◦00’E to 73◦15’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
0.58 million (combined Dadra & Nagar
Haveli & Daman & Diu)
Urban 0.34 million (58.51 %)
Rural 0.24 million (41.49 %)
Tribal 0.19 million (33.04 %)

Average Population Density

963 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
0.054 million (combined Dadra & Nagar
Haveli & Daman & Diu)
No. of Districts
3
No. of Hill Districts
0
No. of Tribal Districts
2

Table 10.32.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 60
Reporting area for land utilization 47.42 100.00
Forests 20.35 42.91
Not available for land cultivation 4.02 8.48
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 0.02 0.04
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 0.06 0.13
Culturable wasteland 0.09 0.19
Fallow land other than current fallows 0.05 0.13
Current fallows 0.21 0.44
Net area sown 22.61 47.68
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
350

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu

10.32.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.32.2 Forest Cover of Dadra & Nagar Haveli

and Daman & Diu
(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 1.36 0.23
MDF 78.59 13.05
OF 145.67 24.20
Total 225.62 37.48
Scrub 4.66 0.77
Figure 10.32.1 Forest Cover of Dadra &
Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu

Table 10.32.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Dadra & Nagar Haveli
and Daman & Diu
(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Dadra & Nagar
491.00 0.00 72.71 129.99 202.70 41.28 -2.83 4.52
Haveli
Daman 72.00 0.00 1.96 10.91 12.87 17.88 2.15 0.14
Diu 39.00 1.36 3.92 4.77 10.05 25.77 0.36 0.00
Total 602.00 1.36 78.59 145.67 225.62 37.48 -0.32 4.66
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

10.32.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.32.4 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu
( km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
0.00 67.85 90.66 1.36 10.74 55.01
158.51 67.11
0.00% 42.80% 57.20% 2.03% 16.00% 81.97%
*In case of Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu, RFA boundaries have been used.
351

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Figure 10.32.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Dadra &
Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu

Table 10.32.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Dadra
& Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu between 2021 Raster based and
2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
MDF 0.00 67.85 0.68 0.00 0.85 69.38
OF 0.00 0.00 89.92 0.00 0.72 90.64
Scrub 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.17 0.00 4.17
NF 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 32.70 32.76
Total ISFR
2023 inside 0.00 67.85 90.66 4.17 34.27 196.95
RFA /GW
Net Change 0.00 -1.53 0.02 0.00 1.51
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
352

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu

Table 10.32.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Dadra
& Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu between 2021 Raster based and
2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 1.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.36
MDF 0.00 10.62 0.29 0.00 0.71 11.62
OF 0.00 0.04 51.99 0.00 0.91 52.94
Scrub 0.00 0.04 0.09 0.35 0.02 0.50
NF 0.00 0.04 2.64 0.14 335.81 338.63
Total ISFR
2023 outside 1.36 10.74 55.01 0.49 337.45 405.05
RFA/GW
Net Change 0.00 -0.88 2.07 -0.01 -1.18
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.32.7 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Dadra & Nagar Haveli

and Daman & Diu
(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 602.00 1.36 78.59 145.67 225.62 4.66
Total 602.00 1.36 78.59 145.67 225.62 4.66
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.32.8 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Dadra &

Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu
(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 432.00 1.35 24.72 77.92 103.99 3.15
5-10 95.00 0.01 22.44 36.10 58.55 0.84
10-15 45.00 0.00 16.71 19.26 35.97 0.42
15-20 19.00 0.00 9.01 8.39 17.40 0.21
20-25 7.00 0.00 3.84 2.90 6.74 0.04
25-30 3.00 0.00 1.52 0.88 2.40 0.00
>30 1.00 0.00 0.35 0.22 0.57 0.00
Total 602.00 1.36 78.59 145.67 225.62 4.66
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
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 DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI AND DAMAN & DIU

Figure 10.32.3 Forest Cover Map of Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu

10.32.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu (as per the Champion
& Seth Forest Classification, 1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in
the following table.
Table 10.32.9 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Dadra &
Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu
(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 3B/C1b Moist teak forest 19.79 8.59
2 3B/C2 Southern moist mixed deciduous forest 155.29 67.44
3 4A/L1 Littoral forest 1.33 0.58
4 4B/TS2 Mangrove forest 4.05 1.76
5 5A/C3 Southern dry mixed deciduous forest 8.98 3.90
6 5/DS1 Dry deciduous scrub 5.55 2.41
7 6B/C1 Desert thorn forest 3.26 1.41
Sub Total 198.25 86.09
8 TOF/Plantation 32.03 13.91
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 230.28 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). The total mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover and scrub.
354

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 India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu

10.32.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.32.10 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 15 15
2 Daman 0 1
3 Diu 1 0
Total 16 16

10.32.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.32.11 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover

1 Extremely fire prone 0.00 0.00

2 Very highly fire prone 0.00 0.00
3 Highly fire prone 0.00 0.00
4 Moderately fire prone 0.00 0.00
5 Less fire prone 230.28 100.00
Total 230.28 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.

Figure 10.32.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes
355

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 DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI AND DAMAN & DIU

10.32.6 Results Derived from NFI for Dadra & Nagar Haveli and
Daman & Diu
Table 10.32.12 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Terminalia elliptica/ Terminalia crenulata 595 0.06
2 Tectona grandis 323 0.04
3 Lannea coromandelica 228 0.05
4 Acacia catechu 200 0.05
5 Butea monosperma 156 0.01

Table 10.32.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Mangifera indica 680 0.163
2 Phoenix sylvestris 294 0.080
3 Manihot esculenta/ Manihot utilissima 148 0.023
4 Cocos nucifera 141 0.038
5 Tectona grandis 132 0.014

Table 10.32.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Mangifera indica 63 0.021
2 Cocos nucifera 61 0.011
3 Jonesia asoca/ Saraca asoca 18 0.003
4 Ziziphus species 15 0.001
5 Azadirachta indica/ Melia indica 15 0.005

Table 10.32.15 Major NTFP Species in Dadra & Nagar Haveli And
Daman & Diu
Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)
1 Diospyros melanoxylon Tree 5,333
2 Madhuca longifolia/ M. latifolia/ M. indica Tree 2,037
3 Phoenix sylvestris Tree 1,049
4 Lannea coromandelica Tree 857
5 Anogeissus latifolia/ Terminalia anogeissiana Tree 489
6 Emblica officinalis/ Phyllanthus emblica Tree 420
7 Bombax species/ Bombax ceiba Tree 298
8 Miliusa tomentosa Tree 220
9 Acacia catechu/ Senegalia catechu Tree 200
Acacia nilotica/ Acacia arabica/ Vachellia
10 Tree 74
356

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu

Table 10.32.16 Major Invasive Species In the State Inside the RFA in
Dadra & Nagar Haveli And Daman & Diu
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)
1 Cassia tora/ Senna tora 18.02
2 Triumfetta rhomboidea 5.81
3 Ageratum conyzoides 5.66
4 Achyranthes aspera 1.04
5 Galinsoga parviflora 1.04

357

Photo: FSI Repository

Forest Survey of India
 10.33
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JAMMU & KASHMIR
Geographical Area
54,634 km2#
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 30◦17’ N to 35◦08’ N
Longitude73◦25’ E to 76◦45’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
12.54 million (including Ladakh)
Urban 3.43 million (27.38 %)
Rural 9.11 million (72.62 %)
Tribal 1.49 million (11.91 %)
Average Population Density
125 per km2 (including Ladakh)
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
9.20 million (including Ladakh)
No. of Districts
22
No. of Hill Districts
22
No. of Tribal Districts
0

# Area of Digitized boundary provided by Survey of India (November, 2023).

Notified Geographical Area from SoI awaited.

Table 10.33.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 5,462
Reporting area for land utilization 3,843.31 100.00
Forests 2,138.70 55.65
Not available for land cultivation 523.00 13.61
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 106.40 2.77
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 63.43 1.65
Culturable wasteland 154.19 4.01
Fallow land other than current fallows 36.86 0.96
Current fallows 87.83 2.28
Net area sown 732.90 19.07
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
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 India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Jammu & Kashmir

R 10.33.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.33.2 Forest Cover of Jammu & Kashmir

(km2)
% of Digitized Boundary
Class Area
Area# (SoI)
VDF 4,208.79 7.70
MDF 8,006.56 14.66
OF 9,131.04 16.71
Total 21,346.39 39.07
Scrub 262.27 0.48
Figure 10.33.1 Forest Cover of Jammu & # Area of Digitized boundary provided by Survey of India
Kashmir (November, 2023). Notified geographical area from SoI awaited.

Table 10.33.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Jammu & Kashmir

(km2)
2023 Assessment % Change
Digitized
of Digi- w.r.t.
Boundary Very Mod.
District Open tized 2021 Scrub
Area# Dense Dense Total
Forest Boundary Raster
(SoI) Forest Forest
Area (SoI) based*
AnantnagH 2,727.07 128.94 463.72 484.38 1,077.04 39.49 9.27 6.60
Badgam H
1,249.55 100.91 80.99 170.95 352.85 28.24 5.45 18.22
BandipuraH 4,042.47 344.41 287.58 291.30 923.29 22.84 5.73 3.39
Baramula H
2,061.93 272.91 222.90 390.63 886.44 42.99 4.31 9.49
DodaH 2,411.28 329.56 711.58 443.31 1,484.45 61.56 6.63 8.33
Ganderbal H
1,619.60 130.45 181.84 184.05 496.34 30.65 4.19 8.09
Jammu H
2,409.73 0.00 221.14 472.63 693.77 28.79 5.14 27.01
KathuaH 2,512.64 109.32 624.89 595.07 1,329.28 52.90 4.90 10.91
Kishtwar H
8,178.63 242.67 750.10 795.19 1,787.96 21.86 12.86 12.80
KulgamH 1,264.73 82.80 98.22 204.01 385.03 30.44 -3.87 5.49
Kupwara H
2,743.72 764.83 417.34 338.18 1,520.35 55.41 3.39 2.19
MirpurH 3,759.30 2.65 431.34 888.52 1,322.51 35.18 11.07 41.57
MuzaffarbadH 4,662.67 829.37 451.20 462.00 1,742.57 37.37 -4.41 10.18
PulwamaH 896.39 16.07 124.04 235.25 375.36 41.87 0.19 6.78
Punch H
4,244.12 325.80 1,021.30 653.15 2,000.25 47.13 8.73 20.65
RajauriH 2,635.32 41.16 422.44 754.49 1,218.09 46.22 6.78 11.58
Ramban H
1,288.19 72.06 292.74 295.43 660.23 51.25 5.19 5.55
ReasiH
1,932.30 235.31 381.93 415.56 1,032.80 53.45 7.40 7.96
SambaH 927.70 0.00 139.85 195.44 335.29 36.14 0.81 18.48
ShupiyanH 505.54 61.87 37.76 216.33 315.96 62.50 -4.98 1.92
SrinagarH 281.58 0.77 19.14 24.55 44.46 15.79 0.32 0.00
Udhampur H
2,279.66 116.93 624.52 620.62 1,362.07 59.75 -5.55 25.08
Grand Total 54,634.12 4,208.79 8,006.56 9,131.04 21,346.39 39.07 83.55 262.27
# Area of Digitized boundary provided by Survey of India (November, 2023). Notified geographical area from SoI
awaited.
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
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 JAMMU & KASHMIR

Table 10.33.4 Forest Cover in Municipal areas of Jammu & Kashmir

(km2)
2023 Assessment %
of Total
Area as per Forest
Sl. No. Name of Urban Very Mod. Total
Digitized Open Cover w.r.t. Scrub
Local Body Dense Dense Forest
Boundary* Forest Area of
Forest Forest Cover
Digitized
Boundary
1 Akhnoor 2.04 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.15 7.35 0.00
2 Arnia 1.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Banihal 1.95 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 3.08 0.00
4 Bari Brahamana 9.59 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.36 3.75 0.00
5 Basholi 3.86 0.00 0.18 0.86 1.04 26.94 0.04
6 Batote 2.99 0.01 0.49 0.82 1.32 44.15 0.00
7 Bhaderwah 2.62 0.04 0.02 0.05 0.11 4.20 0.00
8 Billawar 10.82 0.00 2.13 3.57 5.70 52.68 0.00
9 Bisnah 2.12 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 1.42 0.00
10 Chenani 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.07 10.45 0.00
11 Doda 6.06 0.00 0.08 1.30 1.38 22.77 0.18
12 Gho Manhasan 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
13 Hiranagar 10.01 0.00 0.00 1.33 1.33 13.29 0.04
14 Jourian 3.37 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 1.48 0.00
15 Kalakote 2.61 0.00 0.06 0.97 1.03 39.46 0.00
16 Kathua 18.56 0.00 0.00 0.79 0.79 4.26 0.00
17 Katra 1.45 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.08 5.52 0.00
18 Khour 3.46 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.58 0.00
19 Kishtwar 5.01 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.15 2.99 0.00
20 Lakhanpur 2.60 0.00 0.13 0.44 0.57 21.92 0.00
21 Nowshera 3.72 0.05 0.03 0.28 0.36 9.68 0.00
22 Parole 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 Poonch 7.96 0.00 0.03 0.80 0.83 10.43 0.00
24 R S Pura 3.10 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.97 0.00
25 Rajouri 16.08 0.00 0.13 0.83 0.96 5.97 0.00
26 Ramban 1.52 0.00 0.01 0.08 0.09 5.92 0.02
27 Ramgarh 2.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
28 Ramnagar 4.00 0.00 0.88 1.18 2.06 51.50 0.00
29 Reasi 4.15 0.00 0.00 0.68 0.68 16.39 0.01
30 Samba 5.94 0.00 0.48 1.05 1.53 25.76 0.03
31 Sunderbani 2.03 0.00 0.01 0.14 0.15 7.39 0.00
32 Surankote 4.44 0.31 0.09 0.24 0.64 14.41 0.00
33 Thanamandi 3.61 0.00 0.07 0.15 0.22 6.09 0.00
34 Thathri 0.46 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.08 17.39 0.00
35 Udhampur 10.78 0.00 0.20 1.67 1.87 17.35 0.00
36 Vijaypur 2.29 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 2.18 0.00
Grand Total 165.67 0.43 5.13 18.23 23.79 14.36 0.32
*Shapefile of digitized boundary as provided by Urban Local bodies of Jammu.
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10.33.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.33.5 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Jammu & Kashmir
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
3,073.86 5,352.73 4,685.44 1,134.93 2,653.83 4,445.60
13,112.03 8,234.36
23.44 % 40.82 % 35.74% 13.78% 32.23% 53.99%
*In case of Jammu & Kashmir, RFA boundaries have been used.

Figure 10.33.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Jammu & Kashmir
Table 10.33.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Jammu
& Kashmir between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 3,042.21 23.93 2.42 0.07 4.38 3,073.01
MDF 26.20 5,243.95 29.30 0.84 51.06 5,351.35
OF 2.89 52.46 4,442.42 4.30 150.82 4,652.89
Scrub 0.00 0.00 2.44 91.47 3.23 97.14
NF 2.56 32.39 208.86 39.31 14,244.95 14,528.07
Total ISFR
2023 inside 3,073.86 5,352.73 4,685.44 135.99 14,454.44 27,702.46
RFA /GW
361

Net Change 0.85 1.38 32.55 38.85 -73.63

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Forest Survey of India
 JAMMU & KASHMIR

Table 10.33.7 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Jammu
& Kashmir between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 1,129.21 0.65 0.00 0.00 3.53 1,133.39
MDF 3.25 2,599.73 4.86 0.93 30.60 2,639.37
OF 0.00 17.44 4,171.66 2.55 221.18 4,412.83
Scrub 0.00 0.00 0.11 87.88 1.23 89.22
NF 2.47 36.01 268.97 34.92 18,314.48 18,656.85
Total ISFR
2023 outside 1,134.93 2,653.83 4,445.60 126.28 18,571.02 26,931.66
RFA/GW
Net Change 1.54 14.46 32.77 37.06 -85.83
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.33.8 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Jammu & Kashmir

(km2)
Digitized
Altitude Zone
Boundary VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m)
Area# (SoI)
0-500 5,001.75 0.20 219.08 821.91 1,041.19 54.44
500-1000 6,565.49 48.94 1,312.49 2,033.21 3,394.64 64.95
1000-2000 14,191.05 691.26 2,350.18 3,175.42 6,216.86 37.20
2000-3000 12,156.80 2,895.36 3,132.28 2,126.18 8,153.82 30.20
3000-4000 10,194.22 573.01 991.84 973.20 2,538.05 74.93
> 4000 6,524.81 0.02 0.69 1.12 1.83 0.55
Total 54,634.12 4,208.79 8,006.56 9,131.04 21,346.39 262.27
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
# Area of Digitized boundary provided by Survey of India (November, 2023). Notified geographical area from SoI
awaited.

Table 10.33.9 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Jammu &

Kashmir
(km2)
Digitized
Slope
Boundary VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees)
Area# (SoI)
0-5 10,741.69 93.65 466.69 1,554.94 2,115.28 40.17
5-10 5,825.38 241.55 732.25 1,205.01 2,178.81 37.76
10-15 6,518.94 416.11 1,077.02 1,292.30 2,785.43 38.52
15-20 7,064.15 597.26 1,280.00 1,270.72 3,147.98 36.81
20-25 6,945.52 699.09 1,307.39 1,156.51 3,162.99 32.80
25-30 6,278.38 713.33 1,195.69 1,001.79 2,910.81 27.74
>30 11,260.06 1,447.80 1,947.52 1,649.77 5,045.09 48.47
Total 54,634.12 4,208.79 8,006.56 9,131.04 21,346.39 262.27
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
# Area of Digitized boundary provided by Survey of India (November, 2023). Notified geographical area from SoI
362

awaited.

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Jammu & Kashmir

Figure 10.33.3 Forest Cover Map of Jammu & Kashmir

10.33.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Jammu & Kashmir (as per the Champion & Seth Forest
Classification, 1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following
table.

Table 10.33.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Jammu &
Kashmir
(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 5B/C2 Northern dry mixed deciduous forest 1,579.40 6.03
2 5/DS1 Dry deciduous scrub 419.47 1.60
3 5/DS3 (Euphorbia scrub) 0.76 0.00
4 5/E9 Dry bamboo brake 18.04 0.07
5 5/1S2 Khair-sissu forest 5.47 0.02
6 9/C1a Lower or Siwalik chir pine forest 2,609.06 9.97
7 9/C1b Upper or Himalayan chir pine forest 1,094.78 4.18
8 9/C1/DS1 Himalayan subtropical scrub 236.68 0.90
9 10/C1a Olea cuspidata scrub forest 126.03 0.48
363

10 10/C1b Acacia modesta scrub forest 6.33 0.02

Forest Survey of India

 JAMMU & KASHMIR

Table 10.33.10 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Jammu &
Kashmir
(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
11 10/DS1 Dodonaea scrub 7.79 0.03
12 12/C1a Ban oak forest (Q. incana) 603.96 2.31
13 12/C1b Moru oak forest (Q. dilatata) 30.77 0.12
14 12/C1c Moist deodar forest (Cedrus) 1,675.08 6.40
15 12/C1d Western mixed coniferous forest (spruce, blue pine, silver fir) 3,557.18 13.59
16 12/C1e Moist temperate deciduous forest 31.48 0.12
17 12/C1f Low-level blue pine forest (P. wallichiana) 2,168.28 8.28
18 12/C1/DS1 Oak scrub 96.61 0.37
19 12/C1/DS2 Himalayan temperate secondary scrub 101.14 0.39
20 12/C2a Kharsu oak forest (Q. semecarpifolia) 28.75 0.11
21 12/C2b West Himalayan upper oak/fir forest 3.73 0.01
22 12/1S1 Alder forest 2.24 0.01
23 12/1S2 Riverain blue pine forest 49.88 0.19
24 12/2S1 Low level blue pine forest 57.91 0.22
25 13/C1 Dry broadleaved and coniferous forest (Q. ilex- P. gerardiana) 381.17 1.46
26 13/C2b Dry deodar forest (Cedrus) 650.22 2.48
27 13/C2/DS1 Pohu scrub 62.66 0.24
28 13/C2/DS2 Dry temperate scrub 79.19 0.30
29 13/C3 West Himalayan dry temperate deciduous forest 257.62 0.98
30 13/C4 West Himalayan high level dry blue pine forest (P. wallichiana) 1,271.03 4.86
31 13/1S2 Populus / Salix forest 28.79 0.11
32 14/C1a West Himalayan sub-alpine fir forest 357.79 1.37
32 14/C1b West Himalayan sub-alpine birch/fir forest 1,426.28 5.45
34 14/2S1 Sub-alpine blue pine forest (P. wallichiana) 84.18 0.32
35 15/C1 Birch / Rhododendron scrub forest 115.97 0.44
36 15/C2 Deciduous alpine scrub 132.78 0.51
37 15/E1 Dwarf Rhododendron scrub 33.13 0.13
38 16/C1 Dry alpine scrub 606.45 2.32
39 16/E1 Dwarf juniper scrub 70.13 0.27
Sub Total 20,068.21 76.66
40 TOF/ Plantation 1,540.45 5.88
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 21,608.66 82.54
Grassland forest types (outside forest cover)
41 12/DS3 Himalayan temperate pastures 798.28 3.05
42 14/DS1 Sub-alpine pastures 1,133.77 4.33
43 15/C3 Alpine pastures 2,637.42 10.08
Sub Total 4,569.47 17.46
Grand Total 26,178.13 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
364

the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). Grassland forest types outside forest cover have also been mapped. The total
mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover, scrub and grassland forest types (found in non-forest).
Forest Survey of India
India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Jammu & Kashmir

10.33.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.33.11 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Anantnag 5 56
2 Badgam 0 1
3 Bandipura 8 39
4 Baramula 14 113
5 Doda 5 132
6 Ganderbal 6 38
7 Jammu 8 458
8 Kathua 17 403
9 Kishtwar 5 193
10 Kulgam 1 7
11 Kupwara 3 28
12 Mirpur 4 33
13 Muzaffarbad 0 0
14 Pulwama 4 12
15 Punch 8 168
16 Rajauri 26 797
17 Ramban 4 116
18 Reasi 9 502
19 Samba 4 174
20 Shupiyan 0 0
21 Srinagar 0 2
22 Udhampur 0 557
Total 131 3,829

10.33.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.33.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover

1 Extremely fire prone 0.00 0.00

2 Very highly fire prone 270.11 1.25
3 Highly fire prone 890.62 4.12
4 Moderately fire prone 1,244.13 5.76
5 Less fire prone 19,203.80 88.87
Total 21,608.66 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.
365

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 JAMMU & KASHMIR

Figure 10.33.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas Under Different Fire Prone Classes
10.33.6 Results derived from NFI for Jammu and Kashmir

Table 10.33.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in RFA
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Pinus wallichiana/ Pinus excelsa 76,758 99.64
2 Pinus roxburghii/longifolia 43,031 52.81
3 Cedrus deodara 39,140 58.94
4 Abies pindrow 37,220 96.66
5 Mallotus philippensis 18,736 1.97

Table 10.33.14 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Pyrus species 22,276 2.875
2 Quercus leucotrichophora 20,293 10.428
3 Mallotus philippensis 19,042 2.164
4 Leucaena leucocephala 17,573 3.607
366

5 Grewia optiva / Grewia oppositifolia 15,905 1.843

Forest Survey of India

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Jammu & Kashmir

Table 10.33.15 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Grewia oppositifolia 233 0.021
2 Leucaena leucocephala 183 0.014
3 Pyrus species 173 0.012
4 Salix species 163 0.053
5 Populus species 156 0.041

Table 10.33.16 Major NTFP Species in Jammu & Kashmir

Sl. No. Species Habit No. of Plants (in ‘000)
1 Pinus wallichiana/ Pinus excelsa Tree 76,758
2 Pinus roxburghii/ Pinus longifolia Tree 43,031
3 Acacia catechu/ Senegalia catechu Tree 41,550
4 Cedrus deodara Tree 39,140
5 Juglans regia Tree 7,371

Table 10.33.17 Major Invasive Species in the State Inside the RFA in
Jammu & Kashmir
Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent (km2)
1 Lantana camara 160.73
2 Parthenium hysteropharus 149.65
3 Ichnocarpus frutescens 10.39
4 Argemone mexicana 8.31
5 Ipomoea fistulosa 4.85

367

Photo: FSI Repository

Forest Survey of India
 10.34
LADAKH
LADAKH
Geographical Area
1,68,327 km2#
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 32◦20’ N to 37◦05’ N
Longitude 72◦30’ E to 80◦20’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
12.54 million (Including J&K)
Urban 3.43 million (27.38 %)
Rural 9.11 million (72.62 %)
Tribal 1.49 million (11.91 %)
Average Population Density
124 per km2 (Including J&K)
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
9.20 million (Including J&K)
No. of Districts
2
No. of Hill Districts
2
No. of Tribal Districts
0

# Area of Digitized boundary provided by Survey of India (November, 2023).

Notified Geographical Area from SoI awaited.

Table 10.34.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 16,763
Reporting area for land utilization 292.14 100.00
Forests 227.20 77.77
Not available for land cultivation 35.55 12.17
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 1.24 0.42
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 2.13 0.73
Culturable wasteland 3.60 1.23
Fallow land other than current fallows 1.01 0.35
Current fallows 1.34 0.46
Net area sown 20.07 6.87
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Ladakh

10.34.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.34.2 Forest Cover of Ladakh

(km2)
% of Digitized Boundary
Class Area
Area#(SoI)
VDF 2.27 0.00
MDF 509.07 0.30
OF 1,774.58 1.06
Total 2,285.92 1.36
Scrub 325.49 0.19
Figure 10.34.1 Forest Cover of Ladakh # Area of Digitized boundary provided by Survey of India
(November, 2023). Notified Geographical area from SoI awaited.

Table 10.34.3 District-wise Forest Cover in Ladakh

(km2)
2023 Assessment % of Change
Digitized
Digitized w.r.t.
Boundary Very Mod.
District Open Bound- 2021 Scrub
Area# Dense Dense Total
Forest ary Area# Raster
(SoI) Forest Forest
(SoI) based*
KargilH 14,201.37 0.00 1.74 56.52 58.26 0.41 0.01 25.29
Leh H
1,54,125.63 2.27 507.33 1,718.06 2,227.66 1.45 7.36 300.20
Grand Total 1,68,327.00 2.27 509.07 1,774.58 2,285.92 1.36 7.37 325.49
# Area of Digitized boundary provided by Survey of India (November, 2023). Notified Geographical Area from SoI awaited.
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

10.34.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.34.4 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Ladakh
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
2.20 183.53 608.85 0.07 325.54 1,165.73
794.58 1,491.34
0.28% 23.10% 76.62% 0.00% 21.83% 78.17%
*In case of Ladakh, Green Wash boundaries have been used.
369

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 LADAKH

Figure 10.34.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of Green Wash in Ladakh

Table 10.34.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for Ladakh
between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 2.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.20
MDF 0.00 177.38 1.01 0.13 0.64 179.16
OF 0.00 5.20 593.55 8.12 12.25 619.12
Scrub 0.00 0.00 2.70 59.87 0.01 62.58
NF 0.00 0.95 11.59 5.68 2,303.51 2,321.73
Total ISFR
2023 inside 2.20 183.53 608.85 73.80 2,316.41 3,184.79
RFA /GW
Net Change 0.00 4.37 -10.27 11.22 -5.32
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Ladakh

Table 10.34.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for Ladakh
between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07
MDF 0.00 315.17 11.84 0.36 5.75 333.12
OF 0.00 9.11 1,089.38 11.05 35.34 1,144.88
Scrub 0.00 0.04 2.61 213.62 0.21 216.48
NF 0.00 1.22 61.90 26.66 1,63,357.88 1,63,447.66
Total ISFR
2023 outside 0.07 325.54 1,165.73 251.69 1,63,399.18 1,65,142.21
RFA/GW
Net Change 0.00 -7.58 20.85 35.21 -48.48
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.34.7 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Ladakh

(km2)
Digitized
Altitude Zone
Boundary VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m)
Area# (SoI)
0-500 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
500-1000 13.76 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.00
1000-2000 1,809.72 0.00 20.59 63.71 84.30 7.78
2000-3000 7,130.94 0.32 239.96 778.99 1,019.27 70.86
3000-4000 23,444.05 1.95 247.64 911.63 1,161.22 209.86
Above 4000 1,35,928.53 0.00 0.88 20.19 21.07 36.99
Total 1,68,327.00 2.27 509.07 1,774.58 2,285.92 325.49
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
# Area of Digitized boundary provided by Survey of India (November, 2023). Notified Geographical Area from SoI awaited.

Table 10.34.8 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Ladakh

(km2)
Digitized
Slope
Boundary VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees)
Area#
0-5 27,127.11 0.01 18.11 196.78 214.90 37.55
5-10 18,457.64 0.10 18.02 134.40 152.52 26.17
10-15 18,760.46 0.35 31.27 148.78 180.40 30.88
15-20 20,677.64 0.49 56.71 203.46 260.66 39.98
20-25 21,479.30 0.33 76.88 248.89 326.10 46.40
25-30 20,697.81 0.42 86.72 269.62 356.76 47.81
> 30 41,127.04 0.57 221.36 572.65 794.58 96.70
Total 1,68,327.00 2.27 509.07 1,774.58 2,285.92 325.49
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
# Area of Digitized boundary provided by Survey of India (November, 2023). Notified Geographical Area from SoI awaited.
371

Forest Survey of India

 LADAKH

Figure 10.34.3 Forest Cover Map of Ladakh

372

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Ladakh

10.34.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Ladakh (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification,
1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.34.9 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Ladakh

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 12/C1c Moist deodar forest (Cedrus) 2.91 0.11
2 12/C1d Western mixed coniferous forest 7.04 0.27
3 12/C1f Low-level blue pine forest (P.wallichiana) 1.73 0.07
4 12/C1/DS1 Oak scrub 0.10 0.00
5 12/C1/DS2 Himalayan temperate secondary scrub 31.93 1.22
13/C1 Dry broadleaved and coniferous forest (Quercus ilex- P.
6 231.30 8.84
gerardiana)
7 13/1S2 Populus/Salix forest 201.99 7.72
8 14/C1a West Himalayan sub-alpine fir forest 703.77 26.90
9 14/2S1 Sub-alpine blue pine forest (P. wallichiana) 171.76 6.57
10 16/C1 Dry alpine scrub 540.60 20.67
11 16/E1 Dwarf juniper scrub 681.52 26.05
Sub Total 2,574.65 98.42
12 TOF/ Plantation 36.76 1.41
Total (Forest Cover & Scrub) 2,611.41 99.83
Grassland forest type (outside forest cover)
13 14/DS1 Sub-alpine pastures 4.51 0.17
14 15/C3 (Alpine pastures) 0.02 0.00
Sub Total 4.53 0.17
Grand Total 2,615.94 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023).Grassland forest types outside forest cover have also been mapped. The total
mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover, scrub and grassland forest types (found in non-forest).

10.34.4 Forest Fire

District-wise number of forest fire detected by FSI using SNPP-VIIRS sensors (This includes large,
continuous and repeated forest fires) during the fire season 2022-23 & 2023-24.

Table 10.34.10 District-wise Number of Forest Fire Detected

SNPP-VIIRS Detection SNPP-VIIRS Detection
Sl. No. District
during 2022-23 during 2023-24
1 Kargil 0 1
2 Leh 20 31
Total 20 32
373

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 LADAKH

10.34.5 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.34.11 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover
1 Extremely fire prone 0.00 0.00
2 Very highly fire prone 0.00 0.00
3 Highly fire prone 0.00 0.00
4 Moderately fire prone 21.06 0.81
5 Less fire prone 2,590.35 99.19
Total 2,611.41 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.

Figure 10.34.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes
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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Ladakh

10.34.6 Results Derived from NFI for Ladakh

Table 10.34.12 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Salix species 38,818 11.292
2 Populus species 28,668 8.537
3 Prunus species 10,781 3.545
4 Salix alba 10,627 3.124
5 Populus ciliata 7,617 1.712

Table 10.34.13 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Populus species 64 0.0080
2 Salix alba 45 0.0060
3 Salix tetrasperma 37 0.0040
4 Salix species 18 0.0080
5 Hippophae salicifolia 4 0.0001

375

Photo: FSI Repository

Forest Survey of India
 10.35
LAKSHADWEEP
LAKSHADWEEP
Geographical Area
30 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude 08◦15’ N to 11◦45’ N
Longitude 72◦00’ E to 74◦00’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
0.064 million
Urban 0.050 million (78.07 %)
Rural 0.014 million (21.93 %)
Tribal 0.061 million (94.80 %)
Average Population Density
2,015 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
0.049 million
No. of Districts
1
No. of Hill Districts
0
No. of Tribal Districts
1

Table 10.35.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 3
Reporting area for land utilization 5.37 100.00
Forests 2.71 50.47
Not available for land cultivation 0.52 9.68
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 0.00 0.00
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 0.00 0.00
Culturable wasteland 0.00 0.00
Fallow land other than current fallows 0.00 0.00
Current fallows 0.00 0.00
Net area sown 2.14 39.85
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Lakshadweep

10.35.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.35.2 Forest Cover of Lakshadweep

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 0.00 0.00
MDF 16.97 57.27
OF 10.09 34.06
Total 27.06 91.33
Scrub 0.00 0.00

Figure 10.35.1 Forest Cover of Lakshadweep

Table 10.35.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Lakshadweep

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Lakshadweep 29.63 0.00 16.97 10.09 27.06 91.33 0.00 0.00
Grand Total 29.63 0.00 16.97 10.09 27.06 91.33 0.00 0.00
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

10.35.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.35.4 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Lakshadweep
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash)* (or Green Wash)*
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.97 10.09
0.00 27.06
0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 62.71% 37.29%
*There are no Green Wash / Recorded Forest Areas in Lakshadweep (vide official letter no. F. no. 72/1/2020-E & F
part/583).
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 LAKSHADWEEP

Figure 10.35.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of Green Wash in Lakshadweep

Table 10.35.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for

Lakshadweep between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
MDF 0.00 16.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.97
OF 0.00 0.00 10.09 0.00 0.00 10.09
Scrub 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
NF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.57 2.57
Total ISFR
2023 outside 0.00 16.97 10.09 0.00 2.57 29.63
RFA /GW
Net Change 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Table 10.35.6 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Lakshadweep

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 29.63 0.00 16.97 10.09 27.06 0.00
Total 29.63 0.00 16.97 10.09 27.06 0.00
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).
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Table 10.35.7 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Lakshadweep

(km2)
Calculated
Slope
Area VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees)
by SoI
0-5 29.63 0.00 16.97 10.09 27.06 0.00
Total 29.63 0.00 16.97 10.09 27.06 0.00
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Figure 10.35.3 Forest Cover Map of Lakshadweep

10.35.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Lakshadweep (as per the Champion & Seth Forest
Classification, 1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following
table.

Table 10.35.8 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Lakshadweep

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 TOF/ Plantation 27.06 100.00
Total 27.06 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formation under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
379

the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). The total mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover and scrub.

Forest Survey of India

 LAKSHADWEEP

10.35.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.35.11 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover
1 Extremely fire prone 0.00 0.00
2 Very highly fire prone 0.00 0.00
3 Highly fire prone 0.00 0.00
4 Moderately fire prone 0.00 0.00
5 Less fire prone 27.06 100.00
Total 27.06 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.

Figure 10.35.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes
380

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Lakshadweep

10.35.5 Results Derived from NFI for Lakshadweep

Table 10.35.10 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Cocos nucifera 181 0.0480
2 Thespesia populnea 15 0.0020
3 Muntingia Calabura 3 0.0001
4 Artocarpus altilis/ Artocarpus communis 3 0.0010
5 Artocarpus hirsutus 2 0.0020

Table 10.35.11 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Cocos nucifera 257 0.0320
2 Thespesia populnea 16 0.0010
3 Erythrina species 4 0.0001
4 Moringa oleifera/ Moringa pterygosperma 3 0.0001
5 Artocarpus altilis/ Artocarpus communis 2 0.0050

381

Photo: Anant Shukla

Forest Survey of India
 10.36
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
Geographical Area
490 km2
Geographical Coordinates
Latitude11◦45’ N to 12◦30’ N
Longitude 79◦36’ E to 79◦53’ E
Population (as per Census 2011)
1.25 million
Urban 0.85 million (68.33%)
Rural 0.40 million (31.37%)
Tribal Nil
Average Population Density
2,547 per km2
Livestock Population
(as per 19th Livestock Census)
0.12 million
No. of Districts
4
No. of Hill Districts
0
No. of Tribal Districts
0

Table 10.36.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in ‘000 ha) Percentage
Geographical Area 49
Reporting area for land utilization 48.65 100
Forests 0.39 0.80
Not available for land cultivation 20.14 41.40
Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 0.00 0.00
Land under misc. tree crops and groves 1.23 2.53
Culturable wasteland 4.72 9.70
Fallow land other than current fallows 2.62 5.38
Current fallows 3.76 7.73
Net area sown 15.79 32.46
Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, GOI, (2021-22).
382

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India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Puducherry

10.36.1 Forest Cover

Table 10.36.2 Forest Cover of Puducherry

(km2)
Class Area % of Calculated Area by SoI
VDF 0.00 0.00
MDF 10.33 2.11
OF 33.98 6.93
Total 44.31 9.04
Scrub 0.07 0.01

Figure 10.36.1 Forest Cover of Puducherry

Table 10.36.3 District- wise Forest Cover in Puducherry

(km2)
2023 Assessment Change
% of Cal-
w.r.t.
Calculated Very Mod. culated
District Open 2021 Scrub
Area by SoI Dense Dense Total Area by
Forest Raster
Forest Forest SoI
based*
Karaikal 156.51 0.00 2.90 9.12 12.02 7.68 -0.11 0.00
Mahe 9.00 0.00 0.72 4.45 5.17 57.44 0.00 0.00
Puducherry 294.49 0.00 6.71 14.25 20.96 7.12 0.20 0.00
Yanam 30.00 0.00 0.00 6.16 6.16 20.53 0.07 0.07
Grand Total 490.00 0.00 10.33 33.98 44.31 9.04 0.16 0.07
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

10.36.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area

(or Green Wash)
The Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (RFA) has been analysed in different
categories and presented in table given below.

Table 10.36.4 Forest Cover Inside and Outside Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) in Puducherry
(km2)
Forest Cover Inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover Outside the Recorded Forest Area
(or Green Wash) (or Green Wash)
VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total
0.00 0.61 2.47 0.00 9.72 31.51
3.08 41.23
0.00% 19.81% 80.19% 0.00% 23.58% 76.42%
*In case of Puducherry, RFA boundaries have been used.
383

Forest Survey of India

 PUDUCHERRY

Figure 10.36.2 Forest Cover Inside and Outside of RFA in Puducherry

Table 10.36.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix Inside RFA/GW for
Puducherry between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments
(km2)
2023 Assessment inside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 inside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
MDF 0.00 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.61
OF 0.00 0.00 2.41 0.00 0.00 2.41
Scrub 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.06
NF 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 6.37 6.43
Total ISFR
2023 inside 0.00 0.61 2.47 0.06 6.37 9.51
RFA /GW
Net Change 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 -0.06
*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.
Table 10.36.6 Forest Cover Change Matrix Outside RFA/GW for
Puducherry between 2021 Raster based and 2023 Assessments.
(km2)
2023 Assessment outside RFA/GW Total ISFR
2021 outside
Class
VDF MDF OF Scrub NF RFA / GW
Raster based*
VDF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
MDF 0.00 9.62 0.00 0.00 0.53 10.15
OF 0.00 0.00 29.01 0.00 1.97 30.98
Scrub 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01
NF 0.00 0.10 2.50 0.00 436.75 439.35
Total ISFR
2023 outside 0.00 9.72 31.51 0.01 439.25 480.49
RFA /GW
Net Change 0.00 -0.43 0.53 0.00 -0.10
384

*Area figure calculated without normalization factor.

Forest Survey of India
India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Puducherry

Table 10.36.7 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Puducherry

(km2)
Altitude Zone Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(m) Area by SoI
0-500 490 0.00 10.33 33.98 44.31 0.07
Total 490 0.00 10.33 33.98 44.31 0.07
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Table 10.36.8 Forest Cover in Different Slope Classes in Puducherry

(km2)
Slope Calculated
VDF MDF OF Total Scrub
(in degrees) Area by SoI
0-5 449.00 0.00 10.02 32.66 42.68 0.07
5-10 40.53 0.00 0.28 1.23 1.51 0.00
10-15 0.42 0.00 0.03 0.08 0.11 0.00
15-20 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00
Total 490.00 0.00 10.33 33.98 44.31 0.07
(based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016).

Figure 10.36.3 Forest Cover Map of Puducherry

385

Forest Survey of India

 PUDUCHERRY

10.36.3 Forest Types

The area under different Forest Types in Puducherry (as per the Champion & Seth Forest Classification,
1968) based on the Forest Cover Map (FCM), ISFR-2023, is presented in the following table.

Table 10.36.9 Area Statistics of the Forest Types Found in Puducherry

(km2)
% of the total
Sl. No. Forest Type Area
mapped area*
1 4B/TS2 Mangrove forest 2.84 6.40
Sub Total 2.84 6.40
2 TOF/ Plantation 41.54 93.60
Grand Total 44.38 100.00
*Forest Types have been assigned to the natural forest formations under forest cover and scrub categories shown in
the forest cover mapping (ISFR, 2023). The total mapped area, therefore, is sum of forest cover and scrub.

10.36.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas

Forest Cover under different classes of forest fire proneness is given in following table.

Table 10.36.10 Forest Fire Prone Classes

(km2)
Sl. No. Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover* % of Total Forest Cover
1 Extremely fire prone 0.00 0.00
2 Very highly fire prone 0.00 0.00
3 Highly fire prone 0.00 0.00
4 Moderately fire prone 0.00 0.00
5 Less fire prone 44.38 100.00
Total 44.38 100.00
*Forest Cover including Scrub.
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 India State of Forest Report 2023 (Volume 2) Puducherry

Figure 10.36.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas under Different Fire Prone Classes
10.36.5 Results Derived from NFI for Puducherry
Table 10.36.11 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Rural Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Prosopis juliflora/ Neltuma juliflora 447 0.011
2 Cocos nucifera 257 0.071
3 Casuarina equisetifolia 257 0.006
4 Azadirachta indica/ Melia indica 200 0.015
5 Eucalyptus species 102 0.007

Table 10.36.12 Number of Trees and their Volume for Top 5 Species
in Urban Area
Sl. No. Species No. of Trees (in ‘000) Volume (M m3)
1 Cocos nucifera 168 0.053
2 Moringa oleifera/ Moringa pterygosperma 130 0.009
3 Azadirachta indica/ Melia indica 128 0.027
4 Pongamia pinnata/ Pongamia glabra 67 0.014
5 Mangifera indica 59 0.016
387

Forest Survey of India

Photo: Subharanjan Sen, IFS
Photo: Subharanjan Sen, IFS
Photo: Subharanjan Sen, IFS
 About FSI

Forest Survey of India (FSI) is a premier national orga-

nization under the Ministry of Environment, Forest
and Climate Change, Government of India. It is
responsible for assessment and monitoring of the
forest resources of the country on regular basis.
Established on 1st June 1981, Forest Survey of India
succeeded the “Pre-investment Survey of Forest
Resources” (PISFR), a project initiated in 1965 by
Government of India with the sponsorship of FAO and
UNDP. The main objective of PISFR was to ascertain
the availability of raw material for establishment of
wood based industries in selected areas of the coun-
try. In its report in 1976, the National Commission on
Agriculture (NCA) recommended for the creation of a
National Forest Survey Organization for a regular,
periodic and comprehensive forest resources survey
of the country leading to creation of FSI.

The major activities of FSI include remote sensing

based nation-wide forest cover mapping in biennial
cycle, National Forest Inventory based on large
number of sample plots laid across the country,
forest fire monitoring, forest carbon assessment,
forest type mapping and several projects on emerg-
ing issues and State specific requirements. Since
1987, FSI is publishing biennial ’State of Forest
Reports’ on the status of the forest resources of the
country. These reports are widely acclaimed nation-
ally and as well as internationally and are treasure
trove of primary information on Indian Forests.

FSI has headquarters at Dehradun and has pan India

presence with four regional offices at Shimla, Kolk-
ata, Nagpur and Bangalore. The Eastern zone has a
sub centre at Burnihat.

FOREST SURVEY OF INDIA

Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change
Government of India

Ph: +91 135 2756139, +91 135 2754507,

+91 135 2755037
Fax: +91 135 2759104
e-mail: dgfsi@fsi.nic.in
website: www.fsi.nic.in