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38 views5 pages

Cell Structure and Function Samplequestion With Answers

Uploaded by

Anisha Thomas
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Practice Question Answers -VIII Biology


Q 1 .The green colour of leaves is due to the presence of the pigment
a) chlorophyll
b) ribosomes
c) mitochondria
d) chloroplast
Answer: The correct option is A
Explanation of the correct option: Chlorophyll is the green photosynthetic
pigment
Q 2. Why do plant cells need a cell wall and animal cells do not?
Answer:
The cell wall mainly helps the plant to remain rigid and fixed. Cell walls reduce
the flexibility of cells. Cell walls that are found in plant cells maintain cell shape.
This rigidity allows plants to stand upright. However, for animals, A rigid cell
wall would limit the motility of the animal.
Q 3. Write short notes on the following.
(a) Cytoplasm
(b) Nucleus of a cell
Answer:
Cytoplasm
• The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance between the nucleus and the cell
membrane.
• It is a fluid that fills the gaps in the cell around the plasma membrane and
nucleus.
• Cell organelles, like ribosomes, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, etc., are
suspended inside the cytoplasm.
• The cytoplasm allows the exchange of materials between cell organelles.
• It also helps in storage of substances in the cell.
• Most of the metabolic reactions also occur inside the cytoplasm.
Nucleus
• The spherical round body in the centre of the Cell is called the nucleus.
• It contains different genetic materials like DNA and RNA.
• The nucleus is separated from its cytoplasm by a membrane called the
nuclear membrane.
• The nuclear membrane is also porous and helps the movement of materials
between the cytoplasm and nucleus.
• The nucleus has a spherically shaped dense mass called the nucleolus.
• The nucleus also has thread-like structures called chromosomes.
• Chromosomes have genes and help in the inheritance or transfer of various
characters from the parents to the offspring.
Q 4. The most important function of the cell membrane is that it:
a) Controls the entry and exit of materials from cells.
b) Controls only the entry of materials into cells.
c) Controls only the exit of materials from cells.
d) Allows entry and exit of materials without any control.
Q 5. Give functions.
1. Lysosome
2. Vacuole
3. Nucleus
Answer:
1. Functions of lysosomes:
• Lysosomes destroy the foreign materials that enter the cell, such as
bacteria and viruses.
• They are known as the digestive bags of the cell.
• Lysosomes remove dead and worn-out organelles.
• Lysosomes get ruptured, and enzymes are released free in damaged cells,
ageing cells, dead cells, or poorly working cell organelles to digest.
2. Functions of vacuoles:
• The major function of vacuoles is to store food in a cell.
• They also help store and expel wastes and toxic by-products of metabolic
reactions.
• They help in maintaining the rigidity and turgidity of a cell.
Q 6. Where are genes located?
Answer: Genes are located on chromosomes.
Q 7: What is the basic living unit of an organism?
Answer: Cell is the basic living unit of an organism.
Q 8.: What do chloroplasts contain?
Answer: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll
Q 9: Name the instrument used to study cells.
Answer: Microscope is used to study cells.
Q 10: Do animal cells have a cell wall?
Answer: No, animal cells do not have a cell wall.
Q 11: What is a nucleolus?
Answer: A smaller spherical body in the nucleus is called the nucleolus.
Q 12: Name the scientist who coined the term cell.
Answer: Robert Hooke coined the term ‘cell’.
Q 13: Name one cell in human body which is spherical in shape.
Answer: Spherical red blood cells
Q 14.: Which part of a cell controls all the activities of the cell?
Answer: Nucleus acts as control centre of the activities of the cell.
Q 15: Name the outermost layer of an animal cell.
Answer: Cell membrane is the outermost layer of an animal cell.
Q 16: What are the units of inheritance in living organisms?
Answer: Chromosomes are the units of inheritance in living organisms.
Q 17: What is nucleus?

Answer: The central dense round body in the centre is called the nucleus.
Q 18: Which is the largest floating body generally in the centre of a cell?
Answer: Nucleus is the largest floating body generally in the centre of a cell.
Q 19: What is vacuole?
Answer: Any blank-looking structure in the cytoplasm is called vacuole.
Q 20: Name the smallest and largest cell in the world.
Answer: The smallest cell is 0.1 to 0.5 micrometre in bacteria. The largest cell
measuring 170 mm ×130 mm, is the egg of an ostrich.
Q 21: What is cell wall? What is its function?
Answer: Cell wall is an additional covering over the cell membrane in plant cells.
It gives shape and rigidity to these cells.
Q 22: What advantage does Amoeba derive by changing shape?
Answer: The change in shape is due to formation of pseudopodia which
facilitates movement and help in capturing food.
Q 23: How do scientists observe and study the living cells?
Answer: They use microscopes which magnify objects. Stains (dyes) are used to
colour parts of the cell to study the detailed structure.
Q 24: What is plastid? What is the name of green plastids present in plant cells?
Answer: Coloured bodies called plastids are found in the plant cells only. Green
plastids containing chlorophyll are called chloroplasts.
Q 25: What are the three main parts of the cell?
Answer: The cell has three main parts, (i) the cell membrane, (ii) cytoplasm
which contains smaller components called organelles, and (iii) the nucleus.
Q26: What are pseudopodia in amoeba? What are the functions of pseudopodia?
Answer: Pseudopodia is a temporary arm-like projection. Pseudopodia facilitate
movement and help in capturing food.
Q 27: What is a gene? What is its function?
Answer: Gene is a unit of inheritance in living organisms. It controls the transfer
of a hereditary characteristic from parents to offspring.
Q 28: What is protoplasm?
Answer: The entire content of a living cell is known as protoplasm. It includes
the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Protoplasm is called the living substance of the
cell.
Q 29: What are multicellular organisms? Give two examples.
Answer: Organisms made of more than one cell are called multicellular (multi:
many; cellular: cell) organisms. Most of the plants and animals around us are
multicellular organisms. Example: a mango tree, a deer, etc.
Q 30: Why are plant and animal specimens usually stained with dyes before
observing them through a microscope? Name one stain used for this purpose.
Answer: Stains (dyes) are used to colour parts of the cell to study the detailed
structure. Methylene blue solution stain is used in the study of animal cell.
Q 31: Which part of the cell contains organelles?
Answer: Cytoplasm is a part of the cell that contains organelles such as
mitochondria, golgi bodies, ribosomes, etc. It is the jelly-like substance present
between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
Q 32: Where are chromosomes found in a cell? State their function.
Answer: Nucleus contains thread-like structures called chromosomes. These
carry genes and help in inheritance or transfer of characters from the parents to
the offspring.
Q33: What is nuclear membrane? State its function.
Answer: Nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane called the
nuclear membrane. This membrane is also porous and allows the movement of
materials between the cytoplasm and the inside of the nucleus.
Q 34: State the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

Q 35: Explain why chloroplasts are found only in plant cells?


Answer: Green coloured plastids are called chloroplasts. They provide green
colour to the leaves. Chlorophyll in the chloroplasts of leaves is essential for
photosynthesis. As only plants can perform photosynthesis, so chloroplasts are
found only in plant cells.

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