Unit 3: ICT Skills

Unit 3 Basic Information And Communication Technology Skills class 9 is a part of

the Employability skills Book. In this chapter, we are going to learn some basic
things which are related to information and communication technology. A lot of
things we see in our daily life requires some technical skills. here we are going to
learn the components of a computer and the basic tasks of a computer. This chapter
is for the class 10 IT Code 402 subject

Session 1: Introduction to ICT

To store Data we use many methods like writing on paper, recording or we can type
the content in digital format. All these are used to store data. Some data are stored
in digital format in mobiles, computers or any other digital devices, these devices are
called ICT(information and communication technology) devices. In this section, we
will read about the functioning of some devices which we use in daily life.

ICT at Workplace

ICT is a very important part of the workplace. Almost all the sectors of the economy
use ICT to store information and for the transaction of money. Nowadays all the
information is being digitalised as it is very easy to send to many people in a very
little time.

At the workplace, we use different programs to complete our tasks like in banking
we use ICT for maintaining records of people and for the transaction of money. In
the same manner, we use computers for editing videos, booking tickets, animating,
recording, storing data etc.

ICT at Home

ICT has also become a part of our home appliances. These days Television is very
common in every house for entertainment and Mobile for calling. Now mobile is also
used for online classes. Smartphones with internet connections are very helpful to
stay connected with our friends, family through Facebook, Instagram etc.

Here are some examples of ICT uses in different sectors

Agriculture: Activities related to research and development
Beauty and Wellness: Use for Training programmes
Banking and Finance: Storing data and for the secure transaction of money
Health Care: Research and development of health facilities

Session 2: ICT Tools: Smartphones and Tablets -

Smartphone: Once the mobile phone was only used for talking but nowadays
smartphones came into existence. With smartphones we can purchase things
online, we can play games, watch movies, make a video call, book a ticket and
many more things. Android, IOS and Windows are some common operating
systems of smartphones
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Tablet: Tablet is also like a smartphone. It has a wider screen. Some activities like
reading and watching movies need a wider screen so we use tablets. It can do
almost all the things that a computer does.

TV and Radio: TV and Radio are used as ICT tools for a long time. Radio is used to
broadcast only sound. TV is used to broadcast both sound and video. It is the
easiest way to reach a large number of people at a time.

Applications or apps: Apps are just like a program on the computer. different apps
have different functions. Some apps are already present on phones or tablets. There
are many apps present in an online stores like google play store and Apple App
Store. We can purchase or download it free of cost.
Commonly found Apps

Session 3: ICT Tools: Smartphones and Tablets — II

Mobile device layout

Power Button: used to start and shut down

Screen: on which we perform functions
Back Button: used to back screen
Microphone: Used while talking
Menu Button: Used to show options
Home Button: It brings back the home screen
Earpiece: used to listen to the voice on calls
Volume Button: Used to increase or decrease sound

Basic features of a mobile device

Bluetooth: Short-range wireless connectivity
Rechargeable Battery: To powerup device
WiFi: To connect local area network or internet
Cellular Network: Provides network to Call, send messages and connect with
internet
GPS: to provide location services
Home Screen of a Mobile Device
Top: It s a status bar that displays icons of the network, wifi, battery level etc.
Middle: the main part of the screen on which we do all tasks.

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Bottom: It has a back, recent and home button

Basic Gesture use

Tap: to select
Tap and hold: It acts like right-click on the mouse which shows options
Pinch: to Zoom in or out
Double-tap: to Zoom

Session 4: Parts of a Computer and Peripherals

Input Device: Device through which we input data in a computer. Like- Mouse,
Keyboard
Keyboard Types of keys on Keyboard
1. Function keys: Keys from F1 to F12 which performs special functions
2. Control Keys: Ctrl, Alt, Tab, Shift are control keys
3. Enter Key: to enter the data
4. Navigation Key: The four arrow keys(Up, Down, Left, Right) are navigation keys
5. Command Keys: Delete and backspace are command keys.
6. Windows Keys: It opens the start menu

Pointing Devices:

Mouse: It allows to control the pointer of the mouse on the screen and select icons.
Joystick: It is commonly used for video games
Light pen: used to make graphic designs
Graphic Tablet: It allows you to write on the screen.
Touchscreen: To send touch signals to a computer
Trackball: It is just like a mouse but used for special purpose
Scanner: It scans the document and converts it into digital form

MICR: Magnetic Ink Character Reader used to read Cheques in Banks.

OCR: Optical Character Reader to convert books and prints to electronic form
OMR: Optical Mark Reader used to detect marks on paper of MCQ type exams
Barcode Reader: It is used to read barcodes on different things like books, food
packets etc
Microphone (Mic): To Input audio
Web Camera: to input Video
Biometric Sensor: To input Fingerprints
Smart Card Reader: It reads Credit and Debit Cards

Output Devices

Output Devices are used to get the output of the task done on the computer. First of
All, we input some data and then it goes into processing after all we get the final
result.
We get output from these devices: Monitor, Printer, Plotter, Speaker, Headphone,
Projector, Speach Synthesizer
Central Processing Unit (CPU)It is the part of the computer which carries out all
the tasks. It mainly processes the input data and gives the output data.
ALU: Arithmetic and Logic Unit carries out all logical and arithmetic tasks like
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addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, <,>,= etc.
Control Unit (CU): It mainly coordinates with input and output devices.

Motherboard
A motherboard also referred to as a system board, is the main circuit board inside a
computer. It connects input, processing and output devices.
Computer Memory
It is a storage area where all the data is stored.
Primary Memory
RAM: Random Access Memory is an internal memory that is volatile means no data
is saved in RAM. Only tasks are carried out in this memory.
ROM: Read Only Memory stores all the data. It is non Volatile that means once data
is saved it remains there until you delete it.

Secondary Memory
It is an external device to store data. Example: Pendrives, CDs, External Hard Disk
Drive, Memory Card etc.
Key Concepts
• 8 bits make a byte
• 1024 bytes make a kilobyte(KB).
• 1024 KB make 1 megabyte (MB)
• 1024 megabyte make 1 gigabyte (GB)
• 1024 gigabytes make 1 terabyte (TB)

Ports and connections

The slots in which we connect a mouse, keyboard, pen drive, internet etc.
USB: Universal Serial Bus Port used to connect a mouse, keyboard pen drives
Display Port: It connects video devices like Monitor and Projector
Audio Ports: It is used to connect audio devices like Mic, Speakers
Ethernet Port: It connects to high-speed internet
Power Port: It is used to connect the power supply.

Session 5: Basic Computer Operations

Computer hardware: The physical part of a computer which we can touch like
monitor, CPU, UPS, keyboard, Mouse etc are the hardware of the computer.
Software: The part that we cannot see or touch like programmes on a computer.
The software makes hardware work or interacts with humans. The most important
software is OS (Operating System). It starts working as soon as we start the
computer. Example: Windows, Ubuntu, Linux etc.
Starting a computer
To start a computer, press the Power button on the CPU. This will start the Windows
operating system and display the Windows desktop on the monitor.
Basic functions performed when a computer starts
When we start the computer, it runs automatically a basic program BIOS which self
tests. If everything is ok then it runs OS and finally, the computer starts.
Login and logout
When multiple users use the same computer and want to secure their data
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separately then they can create login IDs. each one has a different password to start
the computer and after completing the task logout is done.
Shutting down a computer
It is a process to turn off the computer. To shut down the computer in Ubuntu by
clicking “Systems” at the top right and then click on Shut Down. In windows, we can
click Alt+F4 to shut down the computer.

Files and folders

File: All information are kept in files. Files have names and extensions. Different
files have different extensions to identify the file types. Ex- .txt for text document,
.jpeg for image, .avi for video etc

Folder: It is a location where a group of files can be stored. We can create a no. of
folders inside the folder. A folder within folded is called a subfolder.

Session 7: Communication and Networking — Basics

of Internet
Internet is a huge network of computers around the world. World Wide Web (WWW)
is a collection of all websites we visit on the internet.
Uses Of Internet
• Search information
• Shopping
• Online booking
• Entertainment
• E-mail and chatting
• Online learning
• Social networking
• Online banking

Connecting to the Internet

An Internet Service Provider (ISP)─i.e., the telephone company which provides
Internet connectivity using the phone lines or a wireless network.

Types of connections
(a) Wired connections: When the internet is connected through a wired medium
like ethernet cable.
(b) Wireless connection: When the internet is connected through a wireless
medium like Wifi.

Bandwidth: The amount of data transferred in a certain amount of time. In analogue

devices, the bandwidth is expressed in cycles per second, or Hertz (Hz). Data
transferred digitally is measured by bits per second (bps)

1 Kbps (kilobits per second) = 1000 bits per second

1 Mbps (megabits per second) = 1000 kilo bits per second
1 Gbps (gigabits per second) = 1,000 mega bits per second

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Internet browser: The application software is used to visit websites. Example -
Chrome, Firefox

Session 8: Communication and Networking — Internet

Browsing
World Wide Web (WWW)
It is a vast network of files stored in computers all over the world.It is made up of

1. Web Page: A web page is a document present on a computer that is connected

to the internet each webpage has a unique address like
https://www.crackmycbse.com.

2. Web browser: Application software to use the information available on the

Internet. Ex- Chrome, Opera, Firefox

3. Hyperlinks: Highlighted words on a webpage. If you click on that it will redirect

you to another page.

Important parts of a web browser

(i) Address bar: To type the address of the webpage
(ii) Tabbed browsing (Ctrl+T): It is used to view multiple web pages in the same
window
(iii) Back and forward buttons: Used to get back or next page
(iv) Refresh button (F5): To refresh the page

Session 9: Communication and Networking —

Introduction to e-Mail
Electronic Mail (E-mail) is a quick way to send messages to people using the
internet. We can send videos, documents, spreadsheets, etc., along with the e-mail
as attachments.

E-mail ID or Address
The e-mail address is made up of two parts separated by the @ symbol. Ex-
crackmycbse@gmail.com, crackmycbse is the name given by the user and
gmail.com domain which provides mail service.

Advantages of e-mail
1. Delivery of mail is very fast.
2. Cost of mail is almost free.
3. Multiple copies can be sent at a time
4. pictures, documents can be attached

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Comparison between Post mail and E-mail.

Session 10: Communication and Networking —

Creating an e-Mail Account
Go to gmail.com click on create an account. After filling in all the details set up a
new account.

Session 11: Communication and Networking— Writing

an e-Mail
To write a new e-mail, connect to the Internet and open Gmail. Sign In with your
login Id. Click on compose and write the message. after entering the mail address of
the receiver set the mail.

Draft Folder: All emails are stored which are written but not sent.
Junk/Spam: The mail which is not useful is stored in it.
Trash: Holds all deleted emails.

Session 12: Communication and Networking —

Receiving and Replying to e-mails
Receiving an e-mail: All emails received are in Inbox.
Replying to an e-mail: To reply to the email click on the reply button.
Forwarding an e-mail: To send the same message click on forward
Deleting an e-mail: Click on the delete icon to delete emails.