Vol-07 Issue 03, March-2023 ISSN: 2456-9348

Impact Factor: 6.736

International Journal of Engineering Technology Research & Management

EMERGING TRENDS IN ELECTRICAL & ELCTRONICS ENGINEERING

*Prof. Priya G. Deshmukh

Prof. Swati S. Sangamnere
*Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Nashik
Department of Electrical Engineering, Nashik

ABSTRACT
We are entering a new era of Engineering technology Called as Internet of the Things (IOT).The Internet of Things
(IoT) is a system of interconnected computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people
that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and having ability to transfer data over a network without requiring
human-to-human or human-to- computer interaction. Data speed in 4G is 60Mbps and data speed in 5G is
700Mbps.
Things: A thing, in the topic of the Internet of things (IoT), is a body or physical object that has a unique identifier,
an embedded system and the ability to transfer data over a network. Things could be a part of domestic, process or
manufacturing areas like smart TV, PLC, CNC machine etc.

Keywords:
M2M,CPSs, Building Automation, Home Automation, SCADA

INTRODUCTION
IoT include machine-to-machine (M2M) communication nothing but machines connecting to each other using
network without human interaction. For managing it and collecting data M2M connects device to the cloud. IoT
is a sensor network of huge amount of smart devices that connect people, systems and other applications to
collect and share data. M2M offers the connectivity that enable IoT. It also includes SCADA (supervisory
control and data acquisition), a type of software application program for process control, the collecting data in
real time from remote locations to control equipment and conditions. SCADA systems include hardware and
software components. The hardware collect and serve data into a computer that has SCADA software installed,
where it is then processed and presented it in a timely manner. The last version of SCADA Was first version in
IOT Application.
Cyber Physical system components
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs): Cyber-Physical Systems represent systems, where physical data is the core
component & computations are tightly coupled with the physical world, which drives computation. Industrial
automation systems, wireless sensor networks, mobile robots and vehicular networks are just a example of cyber-
physical systems. as CPSs is embedded into larger systems it has limited computation and storage capabilities due
to their small size. By taking advantage of the emergence of cloud computing and the IoT, CPSs extend their
capabilities.
Building Automation
Efficient way to monitor and control of buildings IOT gives best solutions as they connect lighting systems,
elevators, environmental systems and other electrical appliances with internet and communication technologies. It
also saves the power consumption by automatically turning off the lights when rooms are not in used and also by
making sure of not drawing too much power by appliances. IOT based appliances provide remote monitoring and
control through mobile and web applications to the end users or owners. Building automation system is as shown in
Fig.

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Vol-07 Issue 03, March-2023 ISSN: 2456-9348
Impact Factor: 6.736

International Journal of Engineering Technology Research & Management

Fig. 1 Building Automation

Home Automation
Home automation is developing automation for a home, called as smart home/house. A home automation system
will control home in terms of lighting, climate, entertainment systems, and appliances. It also provides home
security such as access control and alarm security systems. When system is connected with internet, home devices
are an important part of the Internet of Things.
SCADA
SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) is a type of software applications to control industrial processes,
which is the collection of data in real time from remote locations in order to control equipment and conditions.
SCADA provides managements with the tools needed to make and deploy data-driven decisions regarding their
industrial processes. SCADA systems are a combination of hardware and software components. The hardware
collects and feeds data into field controller systems, which is then sends the data to other systems that process and
present it to a human-machine interface (HMI) in a real time manner. SCADA systems also keep record and log all
events for reporting process status and issues. SCADA applications warn when conditions become hazardous by
sounding alarms. Components of a SCADA system are sensors & actuators, Field controller, supervisory
components, HMI software & communication infrastructure.

METHODOLOGY
Home automation works using a network of devices which are connected to the Internet via different
communication protocols like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee etc. The devices are mange through controllers & we can
use voice assistant like Alexa or Google Assistant or an app. Many of the IoT devices consist of sensors that
observe changes in motion, temperature, and light so that user can access information about the devices. To make
physical changes to the device, the user turn on or triggers actuators, the physical mechanisms like smart light
switches, motorized valves or motors that allow devices to be controlled remotely.
Home automation works on three levels
• Monitoring: Users can monitor & keep control remotely through an app. For example, someone can view their
live status from a smart security camera.

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Vol-07 Issue 03, March-2023 ISSN: 2456-9348
Impact Factor: 6.736

International Journal of Engineering Technology Research & Management

Fig. 2 Smart Security Camera

• Control: Control means user can control devices remotely, like tweaking a security camera to see more of a
living space.
• Automation: Finally, automation means setting up devices to turn on or to trigger one another, like having a
smart buzzer go off whenever an armed security camera detects motion.

Fig. 3 Alexa & Cloud Cam

Home Automation System Components
• Mobile Application
• Voice Assistants
• Alexa
• Google Assistant
• Siri
Control Protocols
• Wi-Fi
• Z-Wave
• ZigBee
• Bluetooth
CONCLUSION
Electrical & Electronics Engineering aims to bring together leading academic scientists, professional from
industries and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results about all aspects of
Electrical & Electronics Engineering. It also provides the premier interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary forum
for researchers, and educators to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns, practical
challenges encountered and the solutions adopted in the research

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This research was supported/partially supported by MVPS’s RSM Polytechnic Nashik. We are
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Vol-07 Issue 03, March-2023 ISSN: 2456-9348
Impact Factor: 6.736

International Journal of Engineering Technology Research & Management

thankful to our colleagues who provided expertise that greatly assisted the research, although they may
not agree with all of the interpretations provided in this paper. I am also grateful to Sangamnere for
assistance with M2M and we both moderated this paper and in that line improved the manuscript
significantly.
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