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11 views

list_python

Uploaded by

midhuntk417
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lists

1. Introduction to Lists

 A list is an ordered collection of data values.


 The values in a list are called elements or items.
 Lists are versatile; they can hold elements of different data types, unlike strings,
where each character must be a string.

2. Creating Lists

 To create a new list, enclose the elements in square brackets [].

my_list = [1, 2, 'hello', True]

3. Accessing List Elements and Traversal

 List indices work similarly to string indices. Use the subscript operator [ ] to access
elements.

my_list = [1, 2, 'hello', True]


my_list[0] # Access the first element
my_list[-1] # Access the last element

4. List Comprehension

 List comprehension allows creating a new list by applying an expression to each


element in an existing list.

1. squared = [x**2 for x in range(5)]

2. list_1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
selected_list = [x for x in list_1 if x % 2 == 0]

5. List Operations

 + operator: Concatenates lists.

list_a = [1, 2, 3]
list_b = ["a","b",77]
combined_list = list_a + list_b
print(combined_list) # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

 * operator: Repeats a list a specified number of times.

list_a = [1, 2, 3]
repeated_list = list_a * 3
print(repeated_list) # Output: [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]

 Relational operators (like >, <) compare lists lexicographically (i.e., element by
element).
list_x = [1, 2, 3]
list_y = [1, 2, 4]
print(list_x < list_y) # Output: True, because 3 < 4 in the first
# non-matching pair

list_a = [2, 3, 5]
list_b = [2, 3, 5, 7]
print(list_a < list_b) # Output: True, because list_a is shorter and
# identical in elements up to its length

list_c = [3, 4, 5]
list_d = [3, 2, 5]
print(list_c > list_d) # Output: True, because 4 > 2 in the second
# position

list_c = [3, 4, 5]
list_d = [3, 4, 5]
print(list_c == list_d) # True

6. Membership Operators

 The in operator checks for the presence of an element in a list.

List_1 = [2, 4, 6]
print(2 in list_1) # Output: True

7. List Slices

 Slices can be used to access sub-parts of a list, similar to slicing in strings.

my_list = [1,2,3,"a","b","c"]

sublist = my_list[1:3]

8. List Mutability

 Lists are mutable, allowing elements to be added, removed, or modified.

9. Using the Slice Operator for List Mutations

 Replacing elements: Use slices to replace elements in a list.

composite = [13, 17, 19, 23, 25]


composite[4:] = [29, 31] #output : [13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31]

 Inserting elements: The slice operator can insert elements at a specified position.

prime = [2, 3, 5, 7]
prime[4:4] = [11] #insert „11‟ at index 4

 Removing elements: Set a slice to an empty list to remove elements.


composite = [3, 5, 7, 9]
composite[2:3] = []

10. Using del Keyword for Deletion

 The del keyword can delete elements or slices directly.

my_list = [“a”,1,3,45,56,”x”]
del my_list[2] # ['a', 1, 45, 56, 'x']

11. Common List Methods

 list.index(element): Returns the position of element.


 list.insert(position, element): Inserts element at position.
 list.append(element): Adds element at the end.
 list.extend(aList): Appends all elements from aList.
 list.remove(element): Removes element from L.
 list.pop(): Removes and returns the last element.
 list.sort(): Sorts the list.
 list.reverse(): Reverses the list.

13. Strings and Lists

 Converting strings to lists:

char_list = list("hello")

 Splitting a string into words:

words = "hello world".split()

14. List of Lists (Nested Lists)

 A list can contain other lists

Example 1:

list_1 = [1 , [“a” ,”b” ,”c”] , 7]

a b c
1 0 1 2
7
0 1 2
Accessing elements:
list[0] = 1
list[1][0] = a
list[1][1] = b
list[1][2] = c
list[2] = 7
Example 2:
matrix = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]

15. List Aliasing and Cloning

 Aliasing: Assigning a list to another variable creates a reference to the same list.

alias_list = original_list

 Cloning: Creating a copy using slicing [:].

cloned_list = original_list[:]

 Equality and Identity in Lists


o is checks identity (if two variables point to the same object).
o == checks structural equivalence (if two lists have the same elements).

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