ARAMCO QUESTIONS FOR MASTERS AND MATES

This new list of Aramco questions and answers is based on recent evaluations of officers by Aramco
inspectors (October/November 2011)

The list below may seem long and some of the answers may seem a little complicated, do not let this
worry you, you will not be asked all of the questions, and even if you have problems with some of the
questions it will still be OK as long as the Aramco inspector knows that you have the basic idea about
what is being asked

The answers to the questions are to be used as guidelines only, the questions and answers may vary

When asked a question answer the question only, do not change the subject and complicate the issue

In short, know your ship, that is the easy part, then do your best to learn or refresh your memory about
the other questions, I know that all of our officers can pass the Aramco evaluation

1) Q. What are the lights and day shapes that are required to be shown by a vessel aground? If you
see a vessel aground ahead of you, right on your course what action would you take
A. Stop immediately and establish your position by GPS, Radar, land bearings etc. Use echo
sounder to find depth – What the inspector wants to hear is that you realize that you are
headed into potentially shallow water and therefore you are probably off course – Your
passage plan would not normally head you into shallow water – After establishing your
position you would navigate with extreme caution and exit the area by attempting to follow
the same track “over the ground” that you covered when approaching the area.
The vessel aground may be a large vessel with a deep draft, say 20 meters, in this case it
may be possible that your course is correct, it could also be that the vessel aground is a
shallow draft vessel which means that you are off course. What the inspector is looking for
is an understanding of the whole situation and he wants to know what you would do in the
actual situation
A vessel aground shows the light/lights for a vessel at anchor, that is one white light forward
for a vessel of under 50 meters, vessels of over 50 meters must also show a white light aft
lower than the forward light, in addition, no matter what length a vessel aground shows two
red lights in a vertical line. In daylight a vessel aground shows three (3) black balls in a
vertical line. For fog signal see Rule 35 of the International Regulations for Preventing
Collisions at Sea
2) Q. What are the lights and day shapes that are required to be shown by a vessel that is Not
Under Command (NUC) and what is it’s fog signal
A. A vessel Not Under Command is a vessel that is restricted in ability to maneuver due to
engine problems, steering problems etc. At night a vessel Not Under Command and that is
making way through the water (moving under power) shows her normal navigation lights
(masthead lights, side lights and stern light) and addition two red lights in a vertical line, if
the vessels is stopped and making no way through the water (drifting) she only shows the
two red lights in a vertical line. In daylight a vessel not under command shows two (2) black

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 balls in a vertical line A vessel not under command at anchor shows the normal lights and
shapes for a vessel of her size, she does not show the two red lights – Fog signal, one
prolonged blast followed by two short blasts
3) Q. What are the lights and day shapes that are required to be shown by a vessel that is
constrained by her draft and what is it’s fog signal
A. In addition to normal navigation lights (masthead lights, side lights and stern light) three (3)
red lights in a vertical line and in daylight a black cylinder shape, fog signal one prolonged
blast followed by two short blasts
4) Q. What are the lights and day shapes that are required to be shown by a towing vessel and
what is it’s fog signal
A. In addition to normal navigation lights (masthead lights, side lights and stern light) a towing
vessel with a tow of less than 200 meters in length must show one extra mast head light to
make two mast head lights in a vertical line, a towing vessel with a tow of more than 200
meters must show three masthead lights in a vertical line, in both cases the towing vessel
must show a yellow light above the stern light, a vessel that is restricted in maneuverability
because of the tow must also show red‐ white‐ red lights in a vertical line. In daylight the
towing vessel and the towed vessel must show a black diamond, if restricted in ability to
maneuver the towing vessel must also show a black ball, black diamond, black ball in a
vertical line. Fog signal of a towing vessel is one long blast followed by two short blasts
The length of the tow is measured from the stern of the towing vessel to the stern of the
last vessel being towed
5) Q. Know the arc of visibility of mast light, sidelights and stern lights etc.
A. Anchor lights, Not Under Command lights, Restricted in Ability to Maneuver (RAM) lights etc
are all 360 degree visibility – Mast head lights are visible from right ahead to 22.5 degrees
abaft the beam on either side of the vessel, sidelights are visible from right ahead to 22.5
degrees abaft the beam on port/starboard side respectively, stern light and towing lights are
visible from right astern to 67.5 degrees on both sides of the light
6) Q. Over taking situation.
A. Know that the overtaking vessel is the “give way vessel,” know that an overtaking vessel is
any vessel that approaches another vessel from 22.5 degrees or more abaft the beam of the
overtaken vessel
7) Q. Conduct of vessel in restricted visibility
A. Proceed at slow speed, sound fog signals and follow Rule 19 of the International Regulations
for Preventing Collisions at Sea
8) Q. Fire in Engine Room two crew members trapped in side. What action would you take?
A. Sound alarm, muster crew and take head count, shut off all fans to engine room, shut off
fuel to engine room and close air intakes, prepare BA team, send BA team to engine room
and effect recue, close engine room door, if fire is out of control ensure that all air takes are
closed and all crew are out of the engine room then release CO2, put out Mayday and send
alerts by GMDSS, inform all concerned by whatever means possible, use emergency
portable pump to spray water on deck above engine room “Boundary Cooling”
9) Q. Steering compartment flooding, what action would you take?

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 A. Isolate compartment, that is close water tight doors, start pumps, trim vessel by the head,
pump out ballast, drill water, fresh water as necessary, attempt to stop ingress of water, for
example if there was a hole in the hull consider ways of plugging the hole
10) Q. What is the least Under Keel Clearance (UKC) required for crossing pipe lines in Aramco area
A. Minimum of 5 meters under the keel
11) Q. Work out a tide problem, taking depth from Aramco chart and using Aramco tide tables
A. Usual question, you are given a chart depth and vessel’s draft, you then have to find the time
when it is safe to pass over a pipe line, for example, charted depth over a pipeline 8 meters,
vessel’s draft 4 meters, therefore your Under Keel Clearance would be 4 meters, Aramco
require 5 meters Under Keel Clearance therefore the height of tide must be at least 1 meter
(100cm) for the required Under Keel Clearance, look in the Tide Tables on the day concerned
and find out what time the tide is at 1 meter (100cm)‐ this will be the earliest time that you can
cross the pipe line on a rising tide or the latest time that you can cross the pipe line on a falling
tide
12) Q. You will have to work out a problem on the course to steer to allow for current – set and
drift
A. Practice set and drift problems on a chart, if you don’t know how to do this get assistance
from someone who knows
13) Q. If you have to cross a pipe line in a situation where will have less than 5 meters of water
under the keel, who do you ask for permission to do this
A. Ask an Aramco Rig Move Master (RMM)
14) Q. What is the difference between speed over the ground and speed over the water?
A. Basically speed over the ground is ascertained using the actual distance traveled by the
vessel between fixes, this distance is the distance the ship actually moves in the prevailing
current etc. Speed over the water is the speed that the ship makes without allowance for
current wind etc.
15) Q. What will your radar show if your gyro failed
A. Check manual on your vessel to find this out
16) Q. What is the different between Admiralty charts and Aramco charts
A. Admiralty charts are published by the British Admiralty, Aramco charts are published by
Aramco, the corrections come from the respective sources. Aramco charts have more
detail/information than BA charts. Chart corrections for Aramco charts are received sooner
than corrections for BA charts
Aramco charts should be used when entering and leaving port and at all times when
working in the offshore field
17) Q. Use of Aramco tide tables
A. Remember all tide heights are in centimeters and have to be added to charted depth
18) Q. Fog signal vessels under way and not making way – This is for vessels that are not restricted
in ability to maneuver etc. It is for vessels running free without any restrictions
A. Vessels under way and making way (moving)must sound one prolonged blast at intervals of
not more than 2 minutes, vessels underway and not making way (stopped)must sound 2

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 prolonged blasts at intervals of not more than 2 minutes ‐ a prolonged blast is a blast of 4‐6
seconds duration
19) Q. Compass error
A. Calculate compass error by azimuth (bearing of sun) or amplitude (bearing of sun when
rising or setting) Calculate compass error by transit bearings
Convert true bearings/courses to magnetic compass bearings and courses and vice versa –
Use variation from chart and deviation from deviation card
The compass error book needs to be up to date and filled out correctly
20) Q. Knowledge of CO2 system.
A. You need to know the places where the CO2 is activated and how to actually operate it, you
also need to know actions to be taken before releasing the CO2, check that all personnel are out
of the engine room, stop all fans, close all air takes, activate all emergency fuel shut offs etc
21) Q. Where are the vessel’s emergency stops and emergency fuel shut offs located
A. Know the location of all emergency stops and shut offs including emergency fuel shut off,
the interview is usually carried out on the bridge, when asked these questions you will not
be allowed to go to the console or move around the bridge and the vessel to check the
location of these items, you need to know without looking
22) Q. Buoyage
A. You need to know the cardinal buoyage system, know the top marks of North, East, South
and West cardinal buoys, also know the color of these buoys and the lights that they show
at night. The inspector may put you in a situation where a cardinal buoy is right ahead of
you and you are headed straight towards the buoy and ask you what your action will be.
A cardinal buoy always indicates by its name where safe water lies, for example a West
cardinal buoy indicates that safe water lies to the West of the buoy, a North cardinal buoy
indicates that safe water lies to the North of the buoy etc.
It can be seen that, for example in the case of a West cardinal buoy, safe water lies to the
west of the buoy and therefore the danger must lie to the east of the buoy

If you are headed directly towards a cardinal buoy from the safe side of the buoy you are
headed into danger after you pass the buoy, if you are headed towards a cardinal buoy from
the dangerous side of the buoy you are already in the danger area, in either case you must
stop the vessel immediately and establish your position by GPS, Radar, land bearings etc.
and use echo sounder to find depth, you are probably off course because your passage plan
would not head you into dangerous waters, you may be on your course and the cardinal
buoy has drifted out of position, also the cardinal buoy could be marking a new danger, in
any event you must check your position – After establishing position you would navigate
with extreme caution and exit the area attempting to follow the same track “over the
ground” that you covered when approaching the area.
What the inspector wants to hear is that you realize that you are headed into potentially
dangerous water or that you are already in dangerous water
Knowledge of special marks and lateral buoyage is also required

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 Information on buoyage can be found in the” Mariners Handbook” and “Nicholl’s
Seamanship and Nautical Knowledge”

23) Q. You are towing a rig and you have a complete power failure and blackout on the towing
vessel, you are 2 miles from a dangerous reef and you are being set and blown onto the reef,
what action would you take
A. The main thing the inspector wanted to hear was that you would put a Mayday signal on the
VHF and activate GMDSS alerts. Other actions would include dropping anchors, having the
rig drop its anchors or drop it’s legs in the case of a jack up rig and of course inform all
concerned asking for assistance
24) Q. Knowledge of chart symbols
A. You need to have a general knowledge of chart symbols, the inspector will have you look at
a chart and point out various symbols and ask you what they mean, he will expect you to
know what the abbreviation for light characteristics are for example Fl. Y. 3s means Flash
Yellow every 3 seconds, he may ask what the seabed is made of for example on the chart it
may read Co. S which is an abbreviation for Coral and Sand, you will also need to recognize
dangers indicated on the chart
25) Q. Log books etc.
A. All log books and record books must be up to date, pay special attention to the Oil Record
Book and the Garbage Record Book – Remember the Arabian Gulf is classed as a Special
Area. The Master’s Night Order Book may be checked, make sure it is up to date, the same
applies for the Official Log Book, the Chronometer Rate Book, the Compass Error Book,
GMDSS Log Book and Radar Log Book

26) Q. Capacities of vessel

A. Know the capacity of the following cargo: ‐ Fuel, Drill Water, Potable Water, Bulk (in how
many tanks,) Deck Cargo – You will be expected to know these capacities without referring
to the vessel’s specification sheet
27) Q. Equipment Failure and Repair Log
A. You need to keep a separate log for equipment failure and repair, ideally this is a loose leaf
folder with pages describing the nature of the failure and the actions taken to repair the
failure, this should be backed up by copies of “work done” reports from outside technicians
and copies of delivery orders for parts

ARAMCO QUESTIONS FOR ENGINEERS

1) Q. Conversions
A. At least know the conversion for Kilo Watts to BHP, US Gallons to cubic meters
2) Q. What direction do your propeller shafts turn (inboard or outboard)
A. On the 5150BHP class of vessels the shafts turn outboard
3) Q. Engine temperatures and pressures

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 A. You need to know the maximum allowable temperatures of lube, water coolant, exhaust
and air, you also need to know the pressures for fuel, lube, water coolant, exhaust and air
4) Q. Emergency fuel shut offs
A. Activate emergency fuel shut offs
5) Q. CO2 System
A. Show inspector how CO2 system is operated – THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT
6) Q. Switchboard
A. Show inspector features of automated switchboard
7) Q. Oily Water Separator
A. Demonstrate use of OWS to inspector
8) Q. Sewage System
A. Demonstrate use of Sewage System to inspector
9) Q. Liquid Mud System
A. Describe Liquid Mud System to Inspector, how many tanks, circulation system, discharge
system and segregation
10) Q. Tanks and pumping rates
A. Know the capacity of tanks and pumping rates for fuel, water, liquid mud and bulk
11) Q. Main Engines, Generators and Thrusters
A. Know the BHP/kW of Main Engines, Shaft Generators, Diesel Generators and Thrusters
12) Q. Pumps
A. Know how many of each type of pump that you have onboard and the capacity of all the
pumps
13) Q. Fi Fi
A. Demonstrate use of Fi Fi, know the capacity of pumps and load on main engine
14) Q. General
A. Be prepared to start and demonstrate use of any engine room equipment and deck
equipment including anchor handling/towing winch and shark jaws etc.
15) Q. Oxygen and Acetylene log
A. Show inspector the log for oxygen and acetylene, which should include cylinder numbers,
date received, amount remaining in cylinder, times/dates of use and routine
checks/maintenance
16) Q. Equipment Failure and Repair Log
B. You need to keep a separate log for equipment failure and repair, ideally this is a loose leaf
folder with pages describing the nature of the failure and the actions taken to repair the
failure, this should be backed up by copies of “work done” reports from outside technicians
and copies of delivery orders for parts

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Questions for Aramco
Evaluation
Deck Officers
1) What is the Fresh water Allowance?
- Change of draft (increase or decrease) due to change in water density.

2) What is the meaning of TPC (ton per centimeter)

- Tons to be loaded (discharged) to change draft 1cm

3) What is the meaning of permissible load on deck?

- Means how many tons of cargo can load on deck on one square meter (you can get it
from cargo securing manual of stability booklet)

4) Is it Allowed to cross traffic separation scheme, and how?

- Yes, to cross at right angle to the traffic separation scheme

5) If you are on crossing situation with other vessel on your stbd side, which is
given way vessel & which is the stand on vessel?
- Your vessel is the give way vessel (you should take action)

6) Reference to last question what is the first thing you will do in that situation?
- In any situation with other vessels, I have to check if a risk of collision exists by
watching the bearing & distance of other vessel if the bearing steady & distance
decreasing. Here is risk of collision.

7) If you are in ahead on situation with other VSL, what action you will make?
- Alter course to star board.

8) If you detected a vessel crossing on your port side, then which is the give way
vessel & which is stand on vessel?
- The vessel on your port side is the give way vessel & he must take action to a void
collision

9) Reference to last question if the other vessel didn't take any action then what
you will do?
- I will take action to avoid collision, by altering my course to star board keep away
from him, even if I have to make full turn to star board

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10) What is the minimum under water clearance allowed to pass over a pipe line?
- 5 m (very important)

11) If you are obligated to pass pipe line less than 5 meters, what you will do?
- I will call the port control and field services to get permission & will reduce my
speed to avoid squat.

12) What is the meaning of squat?

- The increase of draft due to high speed in shallow water.

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13) What is the visibility of the navigation light?
- Masthead light-225 , side light – 112.5 , stern light 135

Mast head light

Port Starboard
Light Light

Towing
Light

Stern
Light

14) How you are known that you are over taking vessel?
- By night, I will be able to see the stern light of another vessel. By day, my vessel will
be on approximately 22 abaft the other vessel beam.

15) What is the height of a pipe line over sea bed?

- Normally make allowance of one meter for height of pipe lines over sea bed. But for
buried lines, it is 2 meters above sea bed. That means you have to minus 1 or 2
meters when you calculated the under keel clearance.

16) What is the SART?

- SART- This is a Search And Rescue radar Transponder, it works & appears on X
band Radar (only 3 cm) Radar. It appears 12 dots on the radar screen the closet dot
to the radar screen centre is the position of the survival craft.

17) What is the EPIRB?

- EPIRB- this is Emergency Positioning Identifying Radio Beacon which works to
transmittal a vessel code via satellite COSPAS system to a land station which will
direct and guide other vessel or helicopters to rescue operation.

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18) A box weight 48 tons & dimensions- length 4m, width 3m, height 5m. Can
you load it on if you know, that permissible load is 4.5 tons?
- Length * Width = 4 * 3= 12 square meter
Weight / Area= 48/12 = 4 tons ( Answer Yes).

19) What is density of fresh water?

- 1000

20) What is the density of sea water?

- 1025

21) If the TPC = 12 tons what is the change in draft if you load 56 tons weight?
- Weight / TPC = 56/12= 4.5 cm bodily sink

22) What is the sounding signal for platform?

- Two short blast following by long blast (• • ) U.

23) What is the sound signal shall on a ground vessel given?

- Rapid ringing on the ship bell then one short blast, one long blast, one short
blast (R) then continuous ringing on ship bell also can sound (• • ) U.

24) Explain how you connecting towing wire to the bridle wire of the rig?
- (a) Towing pin up
(b) Put the towing wire & lay it on deck with socket close to the kramfork (or
shark jaws) using the tugger winch wire & connect with stretcher.
(c) Free the tugger wire & pass it between towing pins.
(d) Get 1 long hook to collect the bridle wire of the rig wire until it come over
the Kramfork.
(e) up the kramfork with the rig wire in the groove lock it, and then release
tugger wire.
(f) Connect the stretcher socket to the Rig wire using 85 ton shackle and sure
that it is tight and locked by split pin.
(g) Karmfork down and start a head slowly slack and until you get the required
length of tow then down the towing pins.

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25) Charted depth 3.7m, draft 3.3m, height of tide 1.6 what is the under keel
clearance? Is it allowed to pass pipe line at this clearance?
- Two short blast following by long blast (..-) U, Charted depth + height of tide
=3.7 + 1.6 = 5.3m, Total depth draft = 5.3 -3.7 = 2.1m Allowing 1m pipe line
height then clearance 1m not allowed passing pipe line.

26) You are alongside berth at Tanajib pier berth 71.4 & you need to take
compass error. What you will do?
- Check on the chart Tanajib berth is 270 read the compass directly & see what is
shown it with the 270 (High or low).

27) Where you can get compass deviation from & where you get variation from?
- We can get deviation from compass deviation charts & variation from the charts.

28) In cloudy day what is the simple way to get compass error in oil field?
- Look for transit bearing of platforms compares the visual transit bearing you
took with the true transit bearing on charts.

29) At a clear night you sighted a white light, what does it means to you?
- a) It may be a stern light of a vessel.
b) It can be a small fishing boat.
c) Vessel at anchor less than 50m length
d) Life raft top whit light.

30) At the position, marked in attached safanyia chart, find the clearance under
keel on April 20 /2010 at 17: 00 hrs?
- Check Tide table for Aramco and practice.

31) You are steaming from A to B, your vessel is drifting towards a shallow
patch, what will be the course required to avoid the patch & reach Safely to B
position
(True course 105 Drift course 085 ) ?

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 - You must alter your course to 125.
A 085
125
105
B

32) Which radar mode you will select in the oil field is the North up made or
ships head up made?
- North up mode is better, because it shown me the real location of each target &
land the same as chart with my course drawn on it & will not get confused when
taking bearing of each target.

33) Switch on the radar & acquire target using ARPA & reach the information
given for the Target?
- You have been able to read the following: distance of the target, CPA, TCPA,
SPEED of the target.

34) What are the CPA & TCPA & EBL & VRM?
- CPA: this is closet point of Approach / EBL: Electronic bearing line TCPA – this
is time of closet point of Approach / VRM: Variable range marker.

35) What is the free surface effect, how does it affect stability of vessel?
- Free surface Affect occurs when ballast tanks are partially filled with water, the
movement of the water surface inside the tanks will cause the KG. Of liquid to
move up & thus will cause drop in GM the maximum effect when the tanks are
50% loaded to kill this effect we have to get tanks either full of completely
empty.

36) What you will do before entering oil field & leaving oil field?
- I will ask permission from field service.

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37) If you sighted a spar buoy located close to the rig, what does it mean?
- Normally it indicated the position where you have to drop anchor close to it to tie
up to the rig to avoid a pipe line. (Only for which have a pipe lines near its
location and not all The Rig).

38) In Safanyia North on April 20/2010 what is the time of high water & low
water & how many meter?
- Check ARAMCO Tide Tables for Safaniya. North on 20/04/2010.

39) What is the working channel in ARAMCO oilfields & related harbors?
- VHF ch.11.

40) Vessel light ship weight 800 tons with K.G 4.6m the following weights were
loaded 150 tons , KG = 3.5m & 220 tons K.G = 4.0m & 80 tons. KG= 4.8 a
tank with 60 tons ballast water KG = 1.5m with Free surface calculated final
G.M.

- Weight K.G Moment

800 T (light ship) 4.6 3680
150 T ( Cargo) 3.5 525
220 T (Cargo) 4.0 880
80 T (Cargo) 4.8 384
50 T (Ballast) 1.5 75
Total 1300T Sum Moment = 5544

Moment = weight * K.G

Final Kg= Moments / total weight
= 5544 /1300=4.26
Solid GM = KM- KG = 6.6 – 4.26 = 2.34 m
Free surface effect = Free surface moment / total weight
= 75/1300= 0.057
Final GM = solid GM – Free Surface effect = 2.34 – 0.057 = 2.283

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41) How to identify an H2S emission & what you will do?
- It is started smell like rotten eggs (in small concentration). I would sound alarm &
get to the Muster station & Donned breathing apparatus. Steam the vessel a way,
upwind & report to nearest reporting section.
(Tanajib P.C., offshore field services, Abu Ali Pier, West Pier).

42) A vessel towing a rig and showing only towing shapes or lights & crossing on
your port side on collision course, what is you action?
- If the towing vessel is not showing the shapes or lights of restricted in her ability
to maneuver then the towing vessel should take action to a void collision. If the
towing vessel showing that she is restricted in her ability to maneuver than I have
take action to avoid collision.

43) Find the fresh water allowance (FWA) for a vessel of Displacement 1700 &
TPC 9 tons?
- FWA= Displacement /4 TPC = 1700/4*9 = 47.2 mm.

44) A vessel with displacement 1580 ton at main draft 3.2 m finds the
change in draft if sailing from sea water to water density 1005?
- From stability booklet on board obtain the TPC at displacement
(Let us say it is 11 ton)
Change of draft= FWA*(sea water density–dock water density)/ 125
FWA = displacement /4TPC = 1580/4*11 = 35.9mm
Change of draft = 3.59 (1025-1005) 125 = 35.9 * 0.8 = 2.87 cm increase
draft to 2.87 cm
New draft = 3.20 + 0.0287 = 3.2287

45) What you will do before tied up to the pig?

- Approach to safe distance from the Rig and Wait 15 min to check & test
equipment, check wind & current direction.

46) Your vessel at Tanajib port & you received instruction from drilling to
go for rig move in shallow water, which required draft 3.2 even keel
what you will act if your vessel has the following particulars light ship
1100ton, drill water 220t, fresh water 200t, fuel oil 150t, ballast 220t &
barite 60t ?
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 - Check from stability booklet criteria you minimum operational draft new
calculates total displacement = 1100 +220 +200+150 +200 +60 =1930t
From stability booklet get the TPC at this displacement
(Let us say it is 10.5t)
Present draft 3.7m – required draft 3.2 m = 3.7-3.2 = 50cm
Total weight to be discharged = 50x10.5=525t

47) What size & length required for towing stretcher & fuse wire?
- Stretcher 88mm double ropes, with two hard thimble and 19 to 20 meters
length. Fuse wire from 36mm to 38mm one hard end, one soft wide end 19 to
20 meters length.

48) You are crossing separation scheme with the following ships using it.
One vessel coming up from your port side & another coming down from
your star board side, what is your action.
- Normal answer that We will wait until both vessels are clear then we cross
the separation scheme as close to right angle as possible but as per the rules
of the road the two above vessel using the separation scheme are not relieved
from her/their obligation.
Under any another rules which mean that also the vessel using separation
scheme shall comply with all other rules of collision prevention & shall take
necessary action to avoid collision.

49) Gyro compass bearing of the sun was found 185 the calculated bearing
of the sun was 189 true.
- a) what is the Gyro error = Gyro error 4 low.
b) What is the vessel actual true course when Gyro repeater read 288 :
288 +4 = 292
c) What is true radar bearing to be plotted from a radar bearing read as 090
090 +4 = 094

50) Given following information: variation 2.5 E & deviation taken from
deviation curve is 6 W what is the true bearing of navigation mark
bearing 255 compass?

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 - Compass error = deviation + variation = 6 (w) + 2.5(E)
= 3.5 (w) (-3.5 ).
Bearing = 255 + (-3.5) = 251.5 (Error West Compass best)

51) What is the Specific gravity of?

a) Sea water sea water Specific gravity is 1025
b) Fresh water Fresh water Specific gravity is 1000
c) Diesel oil Diesel Specific gravity is 0.831

52) What is the fog signal of your vessel?

a) Under way and making way? One long blast
b) Underway but stopped in the water? Two long blasts
c) Under way and towing! One long & two short blasts
d) When do you make fog signal? Restricted visibility

53) What is a long blast on the whistle?

- Blast duration not less than 5 sec.

54) What is the short blast on whistle?

- Blast duration 1 sec

55) How you will attract attention to another vessel?

- By day: VHF & Sound
By night: Light & Sound & VHF.

56)
a) What is the GHA of celestial body? Greenwich hour Angel
b) What is the declination of celestial body?
c) What is the LHA of a celestial body? Local hour Angle
d) Given the following information of a celestial body & vessel position
1- GHA of celestial body 110
2- Declination of celestial body 15 S
3- Position lat 28 00 N, long 049 00E

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 What is the LHA of the celestial body? Using ABC tables found true
bearing of the celestial body?
-practice question.

57) What is S.H.A?

-Sidereal hour Angle.

58) What is the free surface effect?

- Increase the roll & Pitch. Decrease the KG.

59) How to reduce it?

- Make the ballast tank full or empty.

60) What should you do regularly to prevent it or make sure you know
about it as early as possible?
- Keep a record of tank sounding, before depart the port try to full the tanks.

61) What is the KG regards to stability?

- Distance between the keel & the center of gravity.

62) Given the following information displacement 1000t, KG 4.0m, what is

the new KG of the vessel if a deck cargo of 200t with a KG 5m loaded?
Displacement KG Moment
1000 4.0 4000
200 5.0 1000
KG = moment / displacement = 5000/1200 = 4.0 m

63) Does the loading of 200 ton on deck make the vessel more or less
stability?
- Less stability.

11
64) Using amplitude tables & given the following information?
i) Vessel position 28 00 N/040 00 E
ii) Sun declination 21 N
What is the true bearing of the sun at sun set & sun rise?
- Practice question.

65) What is the day (night) signal for a vessel towing when the length of tow
is greater than 200m?
- Three shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The highest and
lowest of these shapes shall be ball and the middle one a diamond and
diamond shape where it can best be seen, and also on towing vessel
diamond where it can best be seen. (D) - .. & three white + Red, white, Red +
1 white on stern of tow vessel 1 Yellow above the stern light

66) What is day (night) signal for the next vessels? What is action you will
take if you see this vessel?
a) A ground? – Three Ball, Two Red light 360 + Anchor light
3 separate stroke on the bell S
Rapidly ring after signal given R
3 separate stroke on the bell S
Action taken stop ENG. Check chart, St. by anchor, vice versa the course,
Echo sounder on b) Restricted in maneuverability?
– Ball – Diamond- Ball /
Red – White – Red – Light 360 / - (D) one prolong blast & 2 short blasts
action taken given way.

12
c) Deep draft? – Cylinder / (Three Red lights 360 ) (D)
Action taken given way.

d) At ANCHOR? –Ball / white round light FWD & Stern 360 / rapidly
ring after signal R for 5 seconds.

e) Not under command? Two Ball / Two Red light 360 - (D)
Action taken keep clear good distance

f) Under water operations? – Ball – Diamond- Ball / Two Diamond – Two

Ball
Three ball , Three green light 360 , Red, White, Red Two Red, Two green All
lights 360 , - (D)
Action taken given way keep clear and pass from the side have two diamond
or 2 green lights.

13
g) Vessel being towed ?
side lights; stern light; when the length of the tow exceeds 200 meters, a diamond
shape . 2 short blast plus one prolong blast - (D)

H) Day & night & Fog signal for pilot vessel?

- Top white /Down Red + navigation lights / Flag H/ - (H).

I) Day & Night & Fog signal for vessel under way?
- Two side light – two top + stern – - (T) every 2 minutes.

J) Day & night & fog signal for vessel not make way in water?
- Two red lights 360 (- - M) every 2 minutes 2 seconds between to prolong.

K) Day & night & fog signal for vessel not under command?
- Two Balls / Two red lights 360 (- D)

14
L) Day & Night & Fog signal for vessel trawling?
- Two round light Red over white or two cones one above the other and if it
unit line gear cone apex upwards. (- D)

M) Day & Night & Fog signal for restricted ability to maneuvering ?
- 3 Round lights the upper and lower is red and the middle is white, Plus
navigation lights, tow ball and one diamond in between. (- D)

N) Day & Night & Fog signal for vessel engaged mine clearance?
- all-round green lights or three balls. These lights or shapes indicate that it is
dangerous for another vessel to approach closer than 1000 meters astern or 500
meters on either side of the mine clearance. (- D)

O) Day & Night & Fog signal for vessel dredger operational?
(- D)

15
67) Visibility for navigation lights?
- TOP 225 6 miles
- Side 112.5 3 miles
- Stern 135 3 miles (tow)
- Anchor 360 3 miles
- Red/ white / red 3 miles (360 )

68) Maneuvering Signal?

(E) Alter my course to S/S
(I) Alter my course to P/S
(S) My engine work to stern

69) Over taking signal?

- - (G) over taken S/S
- - (Z) over taken P/S
- - (C) Agree
70) Warning signal?
Attention, I can not understand your attended. & Danger signal

71) Action to take when vessels are reciprocal course?

- Each vessel alter course to S/S port to port

72) Action to take when vessels are crossing vessel?

- The vessel passing from aft another vessel of crossing

73) Action to take when vessels are overtaking one another?

- Over taken from S/S - -
Over taken from Port side - -

74) What kind of vessel exhibits three red lights in a vertical line?
- Constrained by her draft.

75) What is the sound signal of restricted visibility?

- Prolong every 2 minutes.

16
76) What are the necessary precautions to taking when vessel is on
restricted visibility?
- St. by to maneuvering for prevent collision (safe speed- eng. Ready for
immediately maneuver make fog signal radar on 2 watch keepers +
reduce speed?

77) Precautions to adopt in condition of poor visibility?

- Keep 2 watches lookout in bridge + 2 radars working

78) What will your radar show if e Gyro failed?

- XXX.X in red color in right hand corner
Gyro I/F (Data)
Gyro I/F (Gyro)
Gyro I/F (Log)

17
18
.

19
21
Chart symbols for:
Possible major free span of
4 or more legged platform
pipeline
Possible minor free span of pipe
Tripod
line
Free standing conductor
Pipe line tie in
wellhead
Mud line suspension
Pipe line support
wellhead
Flare platform Pipe line marker

A.C.P Accommodation platform Power cable

Auxiliary platform
A.P Buried power cable

B.P Bridge platform Intended power cable

F.P Flare platform B.L Bunker line

G.C.P Gas compression platform C.F.L Crude Flow Line

M.P Metering platform C.L.S Crude Loading system

P.P Production platform FL.L Flare line

T.P Tie-In platform F.L Flow line

Single point mooring G.L Gas line

Submarine pipe line TI.L Tie in line

Abandoned submarine pipe
Te.L Test line
line
Buried Submarine pipe line T.L Trunk line

Laid unsurveyed pipe line W.I.L Water injection line

Intended pipeline W.I.T.L Water injection trunk line

Proposed location G.G.P Gas gathering Platform

21
22
23
79) What are the lights and day shapes that are required to be shown by a vessel
aground? If you see a vessel aground a head of you, right on your course what
action would you take?

- Stop immediately and establish your position by GPS, Radar, Land bearing etc.
Use Echo sounder to find depth- what the inspector wants to hear is that you
realize that you are headed into potentially shallow water and there fore you are
probably off course – your passage plan would not normally head you into shallow
water- after establishing your position you would navigate with extreme caution
and exit the area by attempting to follow the same track "over the ground" that you
covered when approaching the area. The vessel aground may be a large vessel with
deep draft, say 20 meters, in this case it may be possible that your course is correct,
it could also be that the vessel aground is a shallow draft vessel which means that
you are off course. What the inspector is looking for is an understanding of the
whole situation and he wants to know what you would do into the actual situation.

- A vessel aground shows the light / lights for a vessel at anchor, that is one white
light forward for a vessel of under 50 meters, vessels of over 50 meters must also

24
 show a white light after lower than the forward light, in addition, no matters must
also shows two red lights in a vertical line. In day light a vessel aground shows
three black balls in a vertical line. For fog signal (one short blast, one prolong, one
short) (R - )

80) What are the lights and day shapes that are required to be shown by a vessel that is
not under command (NUC) and what is its fog signal?
- A vessel not under command is a vessel that is restricted in ability to maneuver
due to engine problems, steering problems etc. At night a vessel not under
command and that its making way through the water (moving under power) shows
her normal navigation lights (masthead lights, side lights and stern light) and
addition two red lights in a vertical line, if the vessels is stopped and making no
way through the water (drifting) she only shows the two red lights in vertical line,
in day light a vessel not under command shows two black balls in a vertical line A
vessel not under command at anchor shows the normal lights and shapes for a
vessel of her size, she does not show the two red lights- Fog signal one prolonged
blast followed by two short blasts (- ) (D)

81) Fire in Engine room two crew members trapped inside what action would
you take?
- Sound alarm, muster crew and take head count, shut off all fans to engine room,
shut off valve to engine room and close air intakes, prober BA team, send BA team
to engine room and effect rescue, close engine room door, it fire is out of control
ensure that all air takes are alerts by GMDSS, inform all concerned by whatever
means possible, use emergency part able pump to spray water on deck above
engine room "boundary cooling".

* Steering compartment flooding, what action would you take?

- Isolate compartment, that is close water tight doors, start pumps, trim vessel by
the head pump out ballast, drill water, fresh water as necessary, attempt to stop

25
 ingress of water , for example if there was a hole in the hull consider ways of
plugging the hole.

82) Work out a tide problems, taking depth from Aramco charts and using
Aramco tide tables:
- Usual question, you are given a chart depth and vessels draft, you then have to
find the time when it is safe to pass over a pipe line, for example, charted depth
over a pipe line 8 meters vessels draft 4 meters, there for your under keel clearance
look in the tide tables on the day concerned and find out what time the tide is at 1
meter (100cm). This will be the earliest time that you can cross the pipe line on a
rising tide or the latest time that you can cross the pipe line on a rising tide or the
latest time that you can cross the pipe line on a falling tide.

83) What is the difference between speed over ground and speed over water?
- Basically speed over the ground is ascertained using the actual distance traveled
by the vessel between fixes, this distance is the distance the ship actually moves in
the prevailing current etc. Speed over the water is the speed over the water is the
speed that the ship makes without allowance for current wind etc.

84) What is the different between admirealty charts and aramco charts?
- Admiralty charts are published by the British admiralty, Aramco charts are
published by Aramco, the corrections come from the respective sources Aramco
charts have more details Information than BA charts, chart corrections for Aramco
charts are received sooner than corrections for BA charts. Aramco charts should be
used when entering and leaving port and at all times when working in the offshore
field.

85) Knowledge of Co2 System?

- You need to know the places where the co2 is activated and how to actually
operate it, you also need to know actions to be taken before releasing the co2,
check that all personnel are out of the engine room, stop all fans, close all air takes,
activate all emergency fuel shut offs etc.

26
86) Where are the vessel's emergency stops and emergency fuel shut off's
located?
- Know the location of all emergency stops and shut off’s including emergency
fuel shut off. The interview is usually carried out on the bridge, when asked these
questions you will not be allowed to go to the console or move around the bridge
and vessel to check the location of these items; you need to know without looking.

87) You are towing a rig and you have a complete power failure and black out on
the towing vessel, you are 2 miles from a dangerous reef and you are being set
and blown onto the reef what action would you take?
- The main thing the inspector wanted to hear was that you would put a May Day
signal on the VHF and active GMDSS alerts, other actions would include dropping
anchors, having the rig drop its anchors or drop its legs in the case of a jack up rig
and of course inform all concerned asking for assistance.

88) Knowledge of chart symbols?

- You need to have a knowledge of chart symbols, the inspect or will have you
look at a chart and point out various symbols and ask you what they mean, he will
expect you to know what the abbreviation for light characteristics are for example
FL.Y 35 means flash yellow every 3 seconds, he may ask what the sea bed is made
of for example on the chart it may read co, S which is an abbreviation for coral and
sand, you will also need to recognize dangers indicated on the chart .

89) Capacities of vessel?

- Know the capacity of the following cargo: Fuel, drill water, potable water, Bulk
(in how many thanks ) Deck cargo – you will be expected to know these capacities
without referring to the vessels specification sheet.

90) Equipment failure and Repair log?

- You need to keep a separate log for equipment failure and repair, ideally this is a
loose leaf folder with pages describing the nature of the failure and the actions
taken to repair the failure, this should be backed up by copies of "work done"
reports can outside technicians and copies of delivery notes and orders for parts.

27
91) Buoyage?
- If you one headed directly towards a cardinal buoy from the safe side of buoy
you are headed into danger after you pass the buoy, if you are already in the danger
area, in either case you must stop the vessel immediately and establish your
position by GPS, Radar, land bearing etc. and use echo sounder to find depth, you
are probably off course because you passage plan would not head you into
dangerous waters, you may be on your course and the cardinal buoy has drifted out
of position also the cardinal buoy could be marketing a new danger in any event
you must check your position after establishing position you would navigate with
extreme caution and exist the area attempting to follow the same track "over the
ground" that you covered when approaching the area what the inspector wants to
hear is that you realize that you are headed into potentially dangerous water or that
you are already in dangerous water.

92) Ascertain depth of water under keel, Minimum keel clearance centimeters?

a- South safaniya 1100 hrs, 29th June 2003, you have a draft 4.3m, a sounding of
6.2m what is overall depth of water under keel?
- 6.2 – 4.2 = 1.9m

b- What is depth of water at west pier spit buoy at 1000hrs, on 29th December 2004
year?
- 4.7 + 0.72 = 5.42 meters.

93) Maximum speed in harbor and estuaries?

- 5 knots and 8 knots.

94) Definition of:

LAT: lowest Astronomical Tide
(Chart datum – zero of chart)
I.S.L.W : Indian spring law water
H.A. T : Highest Astronomical tide
M. S.L : Mean sea level
B. A : British Admiralty chart

28
 S.U.R : Saudi Aramco chart
S.C.B : Self contained breathing apparatus .
E.E.B.D : Emergency Escape breathing Device
SART : Search and Rescue radar Transponder
G : Center of gravity
L.B.P : Length between perpendiculars
KG : Centre of gravity above keel
: Angle of inclination
M : Meta centric
LOA: Length Over all
B : Moulded breadth of ship
MLD : Moulded draft of ship
GM: Meta centric high
KM: vertical distance of transverse metacentre
GZ: Actual righting aims measured from G
M: Before loading / discharging
CF: Longitinual centre of floatation
MTC: Meter per centimeter
CB: Longitinual centre of buoyancy
MTI: Inch per centimeter

95) Load line? Appropriate load line & Sea sonal zone / Draught Mark?
Deck Line

TF TF: Tropical Fresh water load line

F F: Fresh water load line
T T: Tropical load line
S S S: Summer load line
W W: Winter load line
WNA WNA: Winter north Atlantic load line

29
96) Squat: Explain, and action for reduce calculate?
2
- = (F max = 2 x CB x VK /100 *CB = 0.70m, K =Speed in knots) Brown's page
625.626

97) What is GHA and Declination of a celestial body?

30.0.2008 / 08.20.40"
- From Almanac G.H.A : 129 26.6
From Incr. tables = 5 10.0
Required G.H.A 134 36.6
From Almanac Declin = 2 59.3 S d = 0.9
From correction tables = - 0.9
Required decline = 2 58.4 S

98) Calculate compass error by SUN. Explain how you do it?

Explanation the determinate error of a celestial body (SUN)?
1- Time UTC = 30.09.2008 2- Latitude = 28 24.5 N
3- Longitude=049 20.0 E 4- Declination (D sun ) = 2 58.45
5- G.Co = 340.O Deg", 6- M.Co. = 335 Deg"
7- In time UTC = 08 20' 40’’ 30.09.2008 find Brown's Almanac GHA Sun =
134 36.6 only hours
8- Also in brown's find increments (ICR) minutes & Seconds, if data in table
increase, it's (+) or decrease (-), 9- GHA SUN + = LHA
(Pay attention 1 = 60' // 60' =1 )
129 29.6 + 049 20.0E = 80 20.6
10- Go in table Norse’s entry the table "A",
φ
only with LHA (deg) & = 80 20.6 find "A"= 0.09 S ,
11- Entry the table "B" only with D sun = 2 58.4 S and LHA = 80 20.6
find "B" = 0.05 S
12- If "A" south and "B" South then plus (+)
"A +B=C" = 0.09 S + 0.05 S = 0.14 S
If "A" North and "B" south deduction "A-B" = C
13- "C" given name biggest mark south or North
14- With "C" and entry the table "find Azimuth"
φ
C = 0.14 S & = 28 24.5 N AZIMUTH = 83.0 Decrease
15-Azimuths have combination name, with receiving mean

31
 "C" & LHA sun Name East or West, Where stay the ship.

99) VHF & SSB Distress frequencies?

- CH 70 & 2187.5 – 2182

100) Fire Distress signal (Name & Method of indicating) international code
signal?
- Rocket parachute flare and hand flare
A smoke signal
A Signal sent by radio telephone "may day"
A Gun or other explosive signal fired flames on the vessel
Radio telegraph alarm signal – and radio telephone alarm signal EPIRB

101) MOB/ Williamson Turn understood and Explain?

- The mean Williamson turn for man over board recovery in open water
1- Man over board is declaring.
2- If victim in sight, first life ring “as soon as possible"
3- If at night, second ring with light signal throw "as soon as possible"
4- Word is passed quickly to the bridge. The time is noted
5- Ring thrower is the spotter until chief officer arrives
6- Captain & Mate note course, maintains speed, turns full right rudder
7- When at original course plus 60 then turns port full rudder
8- As approaching original course plus 180 rudders goes to
9- Mate supervises directs master until victim in master's sight
10- For recovery safety victim to kept weather side of the vessel
11- Mate supervises for crew victim recovery
12- Ring with line is thrown to victim vessel propulsion at stop
13-Victim recovered from the sea, vessel back to underway
14- First aid & evacuation procedures to be followed victim injured
15- Entries to be made in vessel log Book noting:
-Time overboard reported time recovery.
-Location / weather / sea condition.
-Comments for improvements- DRILS.
-Name of crew member- real incident.

31
 1. Single turn (270º maneuver)

1.1 Rudder hard over (in an "immediate action" situation,

only to the side of the casualty) .

1.2 After deviation from the original course by 250º,

rudder to mid-ship position and stopping maneuver to be
initiated.
2. Williamson turn

2.1 Rudder hard over (in an "immediate action" situation,

only to the side of the casualty).

2.2 After deviation from the original course by 60°, rudder

hard over to the opposite side.

2.3 When heading 20º short of opposite course, rudder to

mid-ship position and ship to be turned to opposite course.

102) Four signal "Alarm"?

- FIRE (General Alarm) 7 short + Long
- MOB 3 long repeated 4 times
- ABONDON SHIP 7 short + 1 long
- GAS 2 long + 1 short

103) Hydrostatic releases: Purpose and functions?

-Once coming under the water by pressure 2.5 Bar happened open the LR ( life
raft )

104) Knowledge of safety equipment (Individual & General)

A- Safety hat B- Safety glasses C- Disposable breathing mask
D- Coverall (uniform) E- Face shield F- Insulated gloves / sleeves
G- Lock out device H- chemical barrier gloves I- Safety shoes / boots
K- Safety belts L- Welding mask M- Oxygen and acetylene dark mask

32
105) Scrambler Net. Know & Explain
- Each side for the vessel has 1 scrambler net (used in life salvage) on main deck
port/ star board side.

106) F.R.C know & Explain

- Rescue boat for automatically relies.

107) How to determine the presence of H2S at on oil platform. What precaution
action to take H2S hydrogen sulfide?
1- Always enter any potential H2S hazard zone from the up wind direction.
2- Unless specifically instructed otherwise, always assume that an H2S Hazard
exists.
3- Vessel crew should all wear SCBA units when entering a potential H2S hazard
zone H2S heavier than air and readily soluble in water.
4- The potential H2S Hazard can be substantially reduced by operating the vessels
protective water spray system & fire fighting monitors in a full spray pattern.

108) In time GAS Alert! When the ship ties up to the RIG, What will you do?
- Cast off all crew on deck coming inside the accommodation the vessel takes
the position upwind.

109) When the ship tie up to Rig- and you are OOW if man on deck collapse
from poisoning what will you do?
- We affected person to fresh air, If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen .If
breathing has stopped give Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation. Keep person warm
and quite.

110) If you are alongside the platform and you found out that there is a leaking,
what will you do?
1- Do to enter any significant floating crude oil realize area.
2- Unless specifically confirmed by the incident command post (ICP) always
assume that an H2S Hazard exists
3- Approach the crude oil realize from the upwind direction

33
 4- Operate the vessel productive water spray system to minimize the potential
ignition hazards.
5- Utilize the vessel fire monitors in a protective water spray nozzle pattern to
disperse the floating crude oil or to protect rescue craft or persons in the open sea.

111) How frequently need defined position in confined water?

- 30 minutes.

112) How many people must be on watch on Deck in anchor handling ops. ?
- OOW & AB look out / one officer 2 AB

113) What meant by expression "Backing""Veering" when applied to wind?

BACKING "shift of wind against hour point (anti clockwise)"
VEERING "shift of wind to hour point (clockwise)"

114) Which tool must be use for anchor handling?

1- Certificated and SWL stamped shackles.
2- Certificated pelican hook & pennant wire.
3- Buoy catcher lasso.
4- Safety hooks.
5- Anchor handling book.
6- Snatch blocks. 7- Wire slings. 8- Rope coils.
9- Bull dog grips. 10- Hand thrown grapple hook & line.
11- Wooden wedges for pipe, general cargo and pennant buoy securing.
12- Deck tool kit. 13- Continued 14- Webbing strops.
15- Oxygen /acetylene cutting gear. 16- Boat Hooks

115) Operational Instruction Manual (OIM) No.1.59

- This instruction describes the NA oil operation and marine department guide
lines for the work procedures which will provide a safe work environment and
protect Saudi ARAMCO offshore producing facilities, minimize production
losses and marine equipment stand by costs.
1- Intent. 2- 14 prior notice. 3- Work review and planning meeting.
4- Responsibilities. 5- Buoying requirements.

34
 6- Moving equipment into within, and out of oil fields.
7- Anchoring within the oil field.
8- Depressurizing under water pipe line and platform topside piping and de-
energizing subsea cables.

116) Certificated pelican and SWL stamped Shackles:

- 2*75 SWL– 85 SWL, 4*55 SWL, 4*35SWL, 4*12SWL, 4*8 SWL,
6*5 SWL, 10* 25 SWL

117) Buoy catcher Lasso:

- 2* buoy catcher lasso these are to be made up of 2* (3m*14mm strops)
connected to 1.5m of 13mm open link chain (grade 80) chain to strop connection
to be made with suitable SWL hinge link connectors.

118) Safety Hook:

- 1* safety hook for each Tugger winch available SWL for winch.

119) Anchor handling hook?

- 1 anchor- handling hook of 25 tones SWL.

120) Snatch Blocks?

- 4* Snatch Blocks of same SWL as Tugger winch Maximum Pull.

121) Wire slings?

- A wide selection of certificated wire slings for use during anchor handling and
cargo duties to include but not limited to 10 mm, 13mm, 19mm, and 24 mm
FSW of varying length (A couple of 10 mm dm strops about 1 meter in length
will be invaluable).

122) Rope coils?

- An adequate supply of wire made rope and natural rope coils to effectively
cover all eventualities, to included but not limited to replacement of heaving
lines, cargo securing lashings and tugger wire replacement.

35
123) Bull Dog Grips?
- An adequate supply of Bull Dog Grips of various sizes to fit the wire coils
supplied.

124) Hand thrown grapple hook and liner?

- 2* hand thrown grapple hook and line to be readily available .

125) Wooden wedges for pipe general Cargo and pennant buoy securing?
- Selection of large sized wooden wedges (not the damage control box items) for
the securing of casing pipes deck cargos and anchor pennant buoys.

126) Oxygen/ Acetylene Cutting Gear?

- Included full spare bottles regulators and flash back arresters, houses long
enough reach beyond the stern roller. Cutting torch with spare nozzles, Nozzle
cleaning it and sparkers with spare flints.

127) Boat hook?

- Boat hook 2* boat hook of at least 10 feet in length of approved factory
standard not ship made inferior type.

128) Deck tool Kit?

- The following items but limited to be included in the deck tool Kit.
Sledge hammers 2*7 lb - Maul 2*2lb
Ball pain hammers 2-2 lb -Long handed Axe 1 Piece
Crow bars heavy duty 2 piece - crow bars Medium duty 2piece
Cold chisels heavy duty 2*1" - Pliers heavy duty 2 piece
Mole grips large 1 piece - Martine spikes 1*12/1*18"
Hack saw heavy duty 1piece - Hack saw heavy blades 12 pieces
Seizing wire Reel - Adjustable spanners 1*8' /1*12"
Seizing twine Reel - Thimbles To fit tugger wire
Nails 2"&6' - pipe wrench 2*12"/2*24"
Wire brush to clean shackle threads * 2 pieces
Split pins adequate supply of all required sizes.
Spare handles for sledge, maul, hammers and axes.

36
 Ring spanner 2* each size to fit bull dog grips supplied to vessel.
Pipe wrench necessary for releasing small and large shackle pins nuts

129) Damage Control Box : (list of Damage Control items)

- 1- Timber "4*4" or similar size 10 foot (3cm) length 6 Pcs
2- Claw hammer 1 piece
3- Rip saw for wood 1 piece
4- Nail assorted 3" * 6" 2 1b (1kg)
5- Wedges wood various size & shape 24 pieces
6- Hack saw 12" (with 3 spare blade) 1 piece
7- Shovel 1 piece
8- Marlin spike steel 18" (300 mm) 1 piece
9- Cement quick dry, long life 1 bag
10- Hammer sledge 10 l b 4-5 kg 1 piece
11- Sand 1 bag
12- Crow bar / wrecking bar 24 (600m) 1 piece
13- Flash light (with spare batteries) 1 piece
14- work gloves 2 pairs
15- Canvas 15 sheet 5 meters
Additionally: Mats or any materials that may be used to stop ingress of water. It is
recommended that a separate box used solely for the purpose of storing these items
should be used; the box should be clearly but should be, Clearly marked. DAMAGED
CONTROL BOX.

130) Bulk Conversion for inventory at pier:

- Water (potable & Drill) -Cement G

1 metric ton = 268.80 USG 1 ton = 2204.6 lbs
1 cubic meter = 264.17 USG 94 lbs= 1 cubic foot

-Diesel fuel -Barite

1 Metric ton = 312.986 USG 60 bls= 1 cubic foot
42 USG = 1 Barrel 135.10 lbs=1cub. foot

-Bentenite (Aquagel) -Oil base Mud

60 lbs= 1 cubic feet Cubic metric ton * 35.31 = cubic foot

37
-Safra oil Cement 1 sk = 1 cub. Foot
Liters * 0.0063 = Bbls Barite 2.7025 K = 1 cub. foot
Bentonite 1.20 sk = 1 cub. foot

Tide
L.A.T
Pipeline
Clearance
Depth
Charte U K
Clearance
d
Datum
Pipe line h= 1 m , trenched = 2 m

38
39
41
 FOG SIGNAL

1) Pilot vessel :
a) Under way T ,H ••••
b) Stop M ,H ••••
c) Anchor Rapid ringing for 5 sec. + 4 short blast

2) Power driven vessel :

a) Under way : T
b) Stop : M

3) Grounding :
a) Less than 100 m: 3 strokes on the bell + rapid ringing for 5 sec. + 3 strokes on
the bell
b) More than 100 m: AS a) + Rapid sound on the gong for 5 sec. Aft.

4) Anchor :
a) Less than 100 m: Rapid ringing on the bell for 5 sec.
b) More than 100 m: As a) + Rapid sound on the gong for 5 sec aft.

5)
a) Constrained by draft D
b) Restricted by ability to maneuver D
c) Not under command D
d) Engaged in mine clearance D
e) Engaged in dredging D
f) Fishing D
g) Sailing D
h) Tug and Tow D
i) Tug and Two in manned D

41
42
 COLREG
1- Application.
2- Responsibility.
3- General Definitions.
4- Application.

5- Look out.
6- Safe speed.
7- Risk of collision.
8- Action to avoid collision.
9- Narrow channels.
10- Traffic separation schemes TSS.

11- Application.
12- Sailing vessel.

13- Over taking.

14- Head on situation.
15- Crossing situation.

16- Action by given way vessel.

17- Action by stand on vessel.
18- Responsibilities between vessels.
19- Conduct of vessel in restricted visibility.

20- Application.
21- Definition.
22- Visibility of lights.

23- Power driven vessels under way.

24- Towing and pushing.
25-Sailing vessels under way and vessels under oars.
26- Fishing vessels.

43
 27- Vessel not under command or restricted in their ability to maneuver.
28- Vessels constrained by their draught.
29- Pilot vessels.
30- Anchored vessels and vessel ground.
31- Sea planes.

32- Definition.
33- Equipment for sound signals.
34- Maneuvering and warning signals.
35- Sound signals in restricted visibility.
36- Signals to attract attention.
37- Distress signals.
38- Exemptions.

1193.504
Emergency response plan.

1198.001
Work around off shore producing facilities OIM 1.519.

1198.002
Operating procedure for rigs supply and stand by vessels.

1193.005
Minimum under keel clearance for marine vessels.

1185.002
Reporting procedures documentation and Masters duties for save operation of all
vessels.

1187.002
Duties & Responsibilities for the on duty marine superintend.

44
 1192.001
Marine vessel operation practices.

1193.004
Procedures for vessels transiting through the port of Ras Tanura

1193.001
Marine port information and regulations.

1201.001
Safety Communications plan.

131) How long have you been (Ch/officer or Master)

132) How long have you been working in offshore?

133) What was your last vessel? And what type?

134) What is the size of the towing wire? and length?

- 56 mm /1000m

135) What is the output capacity of the fire monitor (cubic meter per/hour)
-1200 cub meter / hrs

136) What is the bollard bull of the vessel?

63 ton

137) What is the horse power of the engines?

5150 BHP

138) What is the power of the bow thrusters?

650 kw

45
139) What is pumping capacity of the ballast pump?
100 m3/hrs

140) What is the capacity of cargo (bulk) pump?

13 m3/hrs

46
47
141) How many elements in the Aramco SMS manual
- Check the SMS manual and find 11 elements.

142) In Aramco SMS identify the Master duties and in which element?
- Element 6 in paragraph 6.9 and in element 1 paragraph 1.3.8

143) Do you know the location of the safety flyers file?

- Identify the file in the bridge and review the contents and Read and following
No. 001/08, 003/08, 002/09, 003/09, 009/09, 013/09

144) At a clear night you saw a flashing white light 6 short flash + long flash
what kind of object are you seeing?
- This is a south cardinal buoy.

145) What is the meaning of course made good?

- It is the actual course steered by the vessel under the influence of current
wind and swell.

146) Your vessel true course is 175 and course made good is 160 what is the
required course to steer to maintain your true course?
- I have to set the course to 190 so my true course will remain 175.

147) Do you know how to use VHF, to call part control and drilling and take
permission to cost off or entering channels and oilfield
- Practical question, practice the use of VHF.

148) What is the Max. Draft of your vessel and what is minimum draft of your
vessel?
- Check your vessel particulars

149) Safety helmets

- Have manufacturer's stamp with ANS1 written somewhere on the underside of
the peak and that the date stamped on the under side of the peak is less than 2 years
old.

48
150) What are the names and location of Aramco oil fields?
- Abu safa, Marjan , Safanyia, Zuluf, Karan, Arabia, Hasba, Lawaha, Hamour
Mahara, Arabia, Berri, Manifa (look at chart No. SUR 8724 to have an idea).

151) Do you know how to use Aramco tide table?

- Practical question you must practice to calculate under keel clearance using
Aramco tide table (very easy and simple) but need to practice it several times
specially at Safanyia south chart (shallow water oil field ) important.

152) Are you familiar with rules of the road? Collision regulations.
- Practical question, the rig mover will ask several question in rules of the
road and collision regulations.

153) Are you familiar with lights and signals shapes and sound signals of the
vessels in different situations and jobs?
- Yes

154) Do you know how to operate towing winch, and towing pins, shark
ja e c.?
- Practical question, you have to practice it and be familiarized with it.

155) Do you know how to operate fire monitor?

- Practical question, you have to practice it and be familiarized with it.

156) What is the SWL of the stern roller, and towing pins?
- Check you vessel particulars.

49
METHOD 1. Calculating Gyro Compass Error by SUN when the altitude of sun I
Between 05 deg to 30 deg above horizon using ABC tables.

Gyro bearing Time (UTC) Lat S Long E

1. From Almanac
note down GHA and Declination. GHA = Declination=_________

From Almanac GHA=

+ Long (E) =
+ IIONPASKA HA MHHYTB
LHA=

2. From NORRIE'S Nautical Tables:

Find A using LHA and Latitude: A is named opposite to Latitude except when LHA is between 090 and
270 degrees.

A= N
or S

Find B from table B using LHA and Declination, B is always named same as Declination.

Calculate C :

A= N or
S
B= N or
S
C= N or
S

(A&B have same name- then sum, different names – then difference, C takes the name of bigger one)

From table C, using the value of C and Latitude, note down value of True Azimuth. True Azimuth takes
the combined name of C and E if the LHA is between 180 and 360 or W if the LHA is between 000
and 180
E.g. True Azimuth S73.2W it means 180+ 73.2 = 253.2- your True Gyro Bearing.

Calculation of the Deviation of Magnetic Compass:

Difference between Gyro heading and Magnetic heading

-
Gyro Error
Magnetic Error
-
Variation
Deviation

51
 Method 1 Example:

Gyro bearing 266 Time (UC) 1715 11/03/2011 Lat 05-25 S

Long 011-40 E

1. From Almanace note down GHA and Declination

GHA = 72-29.4 Declination = 3-39.4.S

From Almanac GHA = 76-14.4

+ Long (E) = 011-40E

LHA= 087-54.4

2. From NORRIE'S Nautical Tables:

A= 0.00
B= 0.06 S
C= 0.06 S

3. True Azimuth = S87.1 W : True Bearing = 87.1 + 180 = 267.1

Calculation of the Deviation of Magnetic Compass:

Difference between Gyro heading and Magnetic heading 5

-
Gyro Error 1.1 L
Magnetic Error 3.9 W
-
Variation 4.0 W
Deviation 0.1 E

51
Angle of observator’s horizon and the Sun must not be less than 35°
Sample One:
Vessel at Lat 280 10' 073 N; Long 0480 46 542 E tight up to the rig.
Date 09 Jan 2005, Time Local 0845hrs 15 sec. Gyro bearing to the Sun is
123.5°
Step 1
Open Brown Almanac on 09 Jan 2005
To get Greenwich time we subtracting from local time 3 hours because of Lat (
49° /15° )
So, at this date find at UT column 05hrs SUN GHA-Greenwich Hour Angle- is
2530 13.5
Also take from SUN Dec - Declination, which is 19°52.8 South.
Note, that your GHA will increase because you have 45 minutes more.
Note, that your Dec will decrease because you have 45 minutes more.

GMT= 0545hrs, GHA=253013.5

Step 2
Now, you have to find what is your increments for 45 minutes and 15 secs for
GHA and Dec For it we go to page 266 - Increments and Corrections and
finding our 45 minutes and 15 secs which is 11°18.8. Now, add this incr. to
GHA and get your Required GHA Same calculation with Dec
GHA = 253°13.5
+
Incr.= 11°18.8
Required GHA 264° 32.3
To find correction for Dec you go 09 Jan 2005 BA. Difference between Decl. 05
hrs and 06 hrs See 19° 52.8 and 19°52.3 difference is 0.5. Go to Page 288,see v
or d 0.5 and corr. will be 0.4 You have to minus because Dec is decreasing due
to 45 minutes

52
 Dec = 19°52.8 S
-
Inc. = 0 0.4
Corrected Declination = 19°52.4 S
Step 3
To find out what is your LHA-local HA you have to sum Req. GHA and your
Longtude:
GHA = 253°13.5 +
Long = 048 46.54
LHA = 302c '00

You have to summ because Lat is East.

Step 4

Now, when we have LHA and Dec we can use A and B tables to find true
Azimuth.
Open up Nories Tables at page 380. Find out your LHA on header of the table A
and your
Latitude on the left of the table. So, if is 0.33°. You can interpolate this figure,
because
your Lat s more than 28°. But difference is only 0.02 for each 60 minutes; so for
10' it
will be 0.003. Now read the note on the left border of the table. So, it is South

A = 0.33° S

For correction B you go to table B on the next page and on LHA and Dec, find
out B correct It is 0.41. But for 52 minutes you have To see what figure is on
20c, It is 0.43°. If you interpolate these figures it will give you 0.43°. Now, read
the note on the left or right notes. So, B correction is South,

B = 0.43° S

53
Now. to find out total correction C you have to sum A and B corrections,

A = 0.33° S
+
B = 0.43° S
C = 0.76° S

Step 5

Then, you have C correction go to page 414 and find on header your A and
B correction value, and on the left you can find your Latitude. So, the
figure 56.1° is your Azimuth to the Sun, Interpolation for 10 ° will give you
0.04° and value is too small, so neglect it. Finally, read lower part of the
table C carefully. Then, your True Azimuth will be.

T.Az= S 56.1° E

Remember, that second letter from: 0°- 180° West, 180°- 360° East

Step 6
To find out your Gyro correction you have to change AZ to compass Bearing.
S 56.1 E or 123.9°
At last, your gyro bearing
Is 123.5° , so find an error
123.5° - 123.9° = - 0.4°
Which means your gyro’s error
Is 0.4° low, so you have to add
0.4° to your bearing.

54
55
56
57
58
 Own boat Heading: Seed : Knots

Time of first plot: Range Miles Brg:

Target A Target B
Time Range Earning Time Range Earning

59
1192.001

1.1 Each vessel must:

Prepare a Voyage Passage Plan for each journey that the vessel is required to
make.
Use the prepared Voyage Passage Plan.
Have a file of all previously used Voyage Passage Plans.

1.2 International Regulations for Preventing Collisions Sea 1972 will govern the.
action of all vessels so far as they are applicable to the operation outside of Ports and
Harbors. Within Ports and Harbors any special rules made by that authority will
apply.

1.3 Marine Instruction 1193.001 "Marine Port Information and Regulations" shall be
observed by all vessels. No vessel is allowed to approach, depart or maneuver at any
Marine Pier/Facility without first obtaining permission from the Marine Coordinator
for the Pier/Facility.
1.4 All Navigation equipment, including navigation aids (GPS. RADAR, AIS etc .),
navigation lights and searchlights and whistles shall be maintained in good working
condition at all times.

2.5 Masters of all marine vessels. Owned and Contractor, are responsible for
ensuring that their vessel’s position is marked on the appropriate charts, and
recorded in the Deck Log Book at regular safe intervals and at every alteration of
course while underway. The regular safe interval between positions depends on the
location of the vessel. For example, in congested oilfields the interval must be more
frequent than in open and deep waters. The safe interval for position fixing and
recording should never exceed 15 minutes within the boundaries of any offshore
oilfield, or 30 minutes in "clear water" outside of oilfield boundaries- On approaches
to entrance channels and piers, the time limit between vessel position fixing must be
reduced so as to accurately monitor the vessel's track and proximity to navigational
hazards. This record of positions should be sufficient to reconstruct a vessel's
voyage, in the event of any incident or investigation. The position log is to be
retained onboard for a period of at least six months for inspection purpose,

61
3.4 Whilst in an offshore oilfield, should any vessel suffer a breakdown to any of
their propulsion systems or extensive damage which will impact upon the safe
navigation of the vessel, the vessel will be required to immediately depart the oilfield
or area of work and proceed to the nearest safe designated anchorage.

4.3 No vessel is allowed to come alongside a vessel flying the Red International
Code Flag (B), or a Diving International Code Flag (A) indicating diver working
underwater, unless permission is given by the Master of the vessel displaying the
special operation signal.

7.7 On vessels having fixed Fire Suppression Systems (CO2 or Halon) for below-
deck flooding, crewmembers shall he instructed in the operation of the system.
Operating instructions for the fixed fire-fighting system must be clearly displayed at
the activation point.

7.8 Before activating fixed Fire Suppression systems, a full head-count must be
taken by a responsible person to ensure that all personnel have evacuated the
compartment, all doors and openings will be closed, and ventilation fans stopped, to
prevent air entering the fire area,

7.10 Offshore facility fires and fire drills will be under the command of
representatives from the Proponent of the Offshore Facility, or the Fire Protection
Department, with marine vessels providing assistance as required. At all limes, the
Master will be responsible for the safety of his vessel and crew. All persons onboard
the vessel, including advisory personnel, will be under the command of the vessel's
Master, See GI 82,001 "Emergency Response Operations. Roles and Responsibilities
in Offshore Oilfields" for further information.

7.11 Shore facility fires and fire drills, and fires on vessels when they are berthed
alongside, will be under the command of a Fire Department representative, with
Marine personnel and available vessels providing assistance as required.

7.12 All fires, regardless of size, occurring onboard vessels shall be reported
immediately to the nearest Port Control and vessel Supervisor.

61
7.14 Vessels shall carry a life jacket for each person onboard, (plus 20%), which
shall be stowed in readily accessible weatherproof locations.

8.1 All vessels shall render assistance when required, and as directed by a Marine
Superintendent, on-duty Marine Superintendent or Port Control.

Note: All vessels will keep well clear of vessels engaged in fishing, as per the
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972. All vessel masters
must be aware of drifting fishing nets and their potential hazard in causing damage
or delay to the vessel.

11.3 The boat-landing provided at any offshore well, platform or GOSP is the only
permissible location where a boat can be safely secured. When securing the vessel to
an offshore platform boat-landing the master is responsible to ensure that only the
mooring bollards/cruciform bitts provided are used.

11.4 marine vessels must not secure moorings to any of the following:
Barge bumpers
Pipes
Handrails
Gratings
Any fenders
12.1 Each Marine Port Control will monitor radio communications with the vessels
in their area of responsibility, on a 24 hour basis.

12.2 Each Marine Port Control will monitor vessel movements within their Port
limits using AIS, RADAR etc. Early warning against entering areas of navigation
hazards will be given.

1198.002

The three Classes of Fire-Fighting Vessels are as follows:

FiFi Class 1 - Pumping 2400m3/hr - First Response and Rescue,
FiFi Class II - Pumping 7200 m3/hr.

62
FiFi Class III - Pumping 9600 m3/hr.
SAFE SPEED Safe Speed definition: a speed, at which a Vessel can be stopped
within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions.

3.2 The Vessel Coordinator/Supervisor is responsible for:

3.2.1 Spot-checks on Vessels and crew.
3.2.2 Providing Vessels coming on-hire with SA Charts and Tide Tables.
3.2.3 Providing AHTSS Vessels with Charts and Tide Tables as required.

3.4 The Captain of the Vessel will provide the Supply Vessels Coordinator/
Supervisor with regular weekly activity and Safety reports. This includes the
reporting of Incidents, Oil Spill incidents and Near Misses.

3.5 The Rig-Move Masters Group are responsible for:

3.5.1 The Vessel's Specification Review.

3.5.2 On-hire inspection of the Vessel.
3.5.3 Vetting of all Vessel Officer Certification.
4.5 A Quarterly Inspections of each Vessel in service, as required by the Marine
SMS, will be carried out by the Vessel Coordinators.

5.1 The Drilling and Workover (D&WO) Tanajib Drilling Tool House will instruct
the Vessel on the type and quantity of Rig/Barge Materials to be loaded. The D&WO
Dispatcher will also provide a delivery destinations route, and expected time of
Vessel’s departure.

5.1.1 Any changes to the plan must be communicated to the Drilling Tool House
Dispatcher.

5.3 The safe loading securing and stowage of cargo is the responsibility of the
Vessel’s Captain.

5.4 The intact stability of the Vessel is the responsibility of the Captain at all times.

63
5.5 Maximum departure draft for any AHTSS is as per MIM’S 1193.001

7. VESSELS APPROACHING THE RIG/BARGE LOCATION

7.1 The Vessel must first obtain permission to enter any Offshore Oilfield from the
Oilfield Services authorized personnel.

7.2 The Vessel must obtain prior permission from the Rig Coordinators before
approaching any offshore Rig/Barge.

7.3 Prior to entering the 500 meter Safety Zone of any Offshore Rig or Barge, the
Vessel will complete the checklist in Appendix 1 of this instruction titled:

CHECK--LIST FOR ALL MARINE VESSELS PRIOR TO ENTRY INTO THE

500M SAFETY ZONE OF ANY OFFSHORE RIG/BARGE
7.4 Upon 100% satisfactory completion of the checklist, the Vessel will report to the
Rig/Barge the following message,

'500 meter Safety Zone Check List Completed'

7.5 The use of Auto-pilot" is prohibited within the 500 meter Safety Zone.

7.6 All Vessels must proceed at a Safe Speed within the 500 meter Safety Zone, bur
must not exceed 3.0 knots.

7.7 On entry into the 500 meter Safety Zone no Vessel can approach a Rig/Barge
'Head-on'.

7.8 If the Captain of the Vessel determines that a “Safe Supply Operation” cannot be
conducted at the Rig/Barge location because of weather conditions or Vessel
performance, he will inform the Rig/Barge Foreman and the Drilling Tool House.
The Captain of the Vessel will wait until weather conditions abate and safe
operations can commence, or proceed to another Rig/Barge location where weather
conditions permit "supply operations to be conducted safely.

64
7.9 Whenever it is decided that Dynamic Positioning will be utilized for a vessel to
maintain position alongside a Rig/Barge then MIM 1192.506 ,”Safe Operations of
Marine Contracted DP Vessels'' will be abided by.

8. VESSEL AT THE RJG/BAKGE LOCATION

8.1 The Rig/Barge will provide a mooring system for all Vessels engaged in Supply
Operations. Vessel Captains shall at all times ensure that the mooring system is
adequate and in good condition at the start and during the whole supply duration.

8.5 Snatching of materials are not permitted when sea height exceeds 1.5 meters.
8.6 Captains of AHTSS/Supply Vessels are not, under any circumstances, to place
the stern, or any portion of the Vessel between the legs, or under the hull, of a Jack-
Up Barge/Rig.

8.7 Vessels may only remain on Rig/Barge moorings while engaged in supply
operations. If operations are suspended or completed, then the Vessel must unmoor
and proceed to a location as directed by the Drilling Tool House, or to the next
supply location.

Main engines shall

• Wind or surface current speeds exceed 16 knots or 1.0 knot respectively.

• Combined sea and swell is in excess of 5ft (1.5 meters).
• When another supply vessel is going to be secured alongside.
• Anchoring in poor holding grounds or in shallow water where the under keel
clearance (UKC) is less than twice the draft of the vessel.
Clear instructions to the Officer of the Watch (OOW) as to the actions to be
undertake in the event of deteriorating weather conditions and/or the loss of position.

The Captain or Officer of the watch shall notify the rig in the event of deteriorating
weather conditions so the rig can prepare to release the vessel should the need arise.

65
8.9 Double berthing at a Rig/Barge is permitted at the discretion of the Rig/Barge
Foreman and agreement with both Vessel Captains. If there is any doubt that double
berthing is not a safe operation then the operation may be declined by any person. In
determining if it is safe to double berth, the following criteria must be considered:

8.8.1 Compatibility of the two Vessels to tie up alongside each other.

8.8.2 The size of the Vessel made fast to the Rig/Barge in relation to the other
Vessel.
8.8.3 Present and predicted weather and tide conditions.
8.8.4 A Risk Assessment has been conducted and all concerns addressed.

Note: No Vessel will remain on the Rig/Barge moorings unless engaged in supply
operations or a Vessel which is made fast alongside is involved in supply operations.
It is imperative that the time a Vessel is made fast to a Rig/Barge is kept to the
minimum. The Vessels engines must remain in a state of readiness at all times in
preparation for any emergency,

9- SAFETY STANDBY VESSEL RESPONSIBILITIES

9.1 When assigned as "Stand-By Vessel" for a Rig/Barge, the Captain will position
the Vessel in a nearby location and maintain a state of readiness to respond and be at
the Rig/Barge location within 30 minutes.

9.2 All Vessels assigned as a "Stand-By Vessel" will maintain a full 24-hour Radio
Watch. The assigned Vessel will call the Rig/Barge at regular intervals (not more
than 4 hours) to ensure radio contact is maintained.

1193.004

6.1.1 Marine Department vessels, shall report to Ras Tanura Port Control Centre,
on the appropriate radio channel, VHF Channel 10-Juaymah and VHF channel 13
- Ras Tanura, prior to leaving their current location for any assignment and on
completion of the assignment prior to returning to their station or to any other
location.

66
6.3 Route from West Pier to Northern Destinations or vice versa.
6.3.1 All marine vessels shall report to Ras Tanura Port Control Centre (PCC)
their intentions and must comply with the PCC directives at the following points:

"Spit Buoy", entering / leaving west pier.

• "East of main channel buoy # - 20", transiting North or South.
• "East of # "C" buoy", transiting North or South.
• "East of # - 2 buoy", transiting North or South.
• Passing abeam Juraid Island, transiting South and take instruction from PCC.

7.3 All marine vessels approaching RT Port Limits from the East (Abu Safah Oil
Field etc..) shall report to Ras Tanura Port Control Centre (PCC) their intentions
and must comply with the PCC directives at the following points;

• Call Port Control Centre (PCC) 1 hour before approaching 1.4 mile East of
"Qatif 4 buoy"
• "1.4 mile East of "Qatif 4 buoy", transiting North or South.
• Passing West of SBM # -31 & JOP" or approaching JOP from West
• Departing Qatif field.
• Entering or leaving Juaymah Pier.

7.4 All marine vessels approaching RT Port Limits from the North (Berri, Tanajib
Maijan etc...) shall report to Ras Tanura Port Control Centre (PCC) their
intentions and must comply with the PCC directives at the following points;

• Passing abeam Juraid Island, transiting South and take instruction from PCC.
• Call Port Control Centre (PCC) 1 hour before Juaymah Control Platform.
• Call Port Control Centre (PCC) 3 n. miles from Juaymah Control Platform.
• Departing Qatif field.
• Entering or leaving Juaymah Pier.

7.5 All marine craft transiting through the Qatif oilfield shall he required to plan a
route to pass north of the following wells: "Qatif Well 89" (QW 89), Qatif Well

67
29" (QW 29)& "Qatif Well 49" (QW 49). Any deviation from this requirement
must first be granted through RT PCC.

1193.005

4.1 At all times whilst any marine vessel, barge or rig is engaged In crossing over
a Pipeline/Pipelines/Sub-sea installations owned by Saudi-Aramco the minimum
under keel clearance is to be 5.0 meters or more.

4.1.2. Any Marine Vessel, Barge or Rig 'given permission by Saudi Aramco’ to
proceed to a any Saudi Aramco asset. Then the minimum keel clearance as
specified in section 4.2 of this instruction will apply.

5.4. The time and position of the Vessel on entry into the Oilfield will be logged
in the Deck Log Book.

5.5. All Marine Vessels will plot the Vessels track on the chart at regular
intervals. These intervals must always be less than 30 minutes.

5.6. All Marine Vessels will keep Field Services for that Oilfield aware of any
changes in the location or destination of the Vessel.

5.7. All Marine Vessels (owned or contracted to Saudi Aramco) entering an

Oilfield with the intention to come alongside any Offshore Structure or Rig
(including dropping passengers, supply, crane operations, snatching etc.) will
prior to entering the 500 meter safety zone of any Offshore Structure complete the
checklist in Appendix 1 of this instruction titled:

CHECK-LIST FOR ALL MARINE VESSELS PRIOR TO ENTRY

INTO THE 500M SAFETY ZONE

6.8. This 'Checklist' is in addition to the previously required Voyage Passage

Plans, Go-No Go, Pre-Arrival and Pre-departure Checklists. All 'Checklists’ are to
be filed on the Bridge and kept for a period of at least six months.

68
6.9. Masters will duly note in all Voyage Passage Plans any new changes within
the Oilfield or state of traffic density at the time of maneuver. This record will
assist in any future plans for that location.

7.1. The maximum speed for any Marine Vessel entering 500 meters safety zone
of an Offshore Structure or Rig is 3.0 knots.

Note: If at anytime the master of the Vessel determines that the 'Safe Navigation'
of his Vessel is affected by the specific speed limits he may increase his Vessels
speed until the Vessel can maintain a 'Safe Navigation' situation. However, the
increase in speed must be noted in the Vessels Deck Logbook and the Rig or
Field Services of the Oilfield must be informed.

7.2. 100% satisfactory completion of the 'Checklist' will be entered in the Deck
Log Book.

7.3. The use of 'auto-pilot is prohibited within the 500meter safety zone.
7.5. The maximum speed for any Marine Vessel approaching within 100meters of
an Offshore Structure or Rig is 0.5 knots.
8.4. At a 'Safe' distance from the Offshore Structure, no closer than four Vessel
lengths, the Master will STOP the Vessel in the water, to ascertain wind and tide
effect on the Vessel at that location.

9.1. In addition to the checklist in Appendix 1, prior to departure from any

Offshore Structure or Rig all Marine Vessels must have completed:

9.1.1. A Voyage Passage Plan as specified in MIM's 1185.002 and 1192.001.

9.1.2. Go/No Go Checklist as specified in MIM 1185.002
9.1.3. Pre-Departure Checklist for Vessels with ISM Code.

9.2. All Officers and Crew are to be briefed on the intended operation.

69
SPACIFIC GRAVITY
LONG TON AVOIRDUPIOS = 2240.0 Lbs
FUEL OIL = 0.844 1 BARREL = 42 USG SHORT TON = 200000 Lbs
SAFRA OIL = 0.80 1 USG= 3.785 LITRS TONNE (100kg) = 2204.6 Lbs
MUD OIL = 1.44 1 LITRE = 0.0063 BARREL

L O LL U L LL U OLLL U
Met.ton US Gallon Barrels US Gallon Barrels US Gallon Barrels
1 312,98 7,45 330, 25 7,86 133,47 4,37
2 625, 96 14,90 660, 50 15,72 366, 94 8,74
3 938, 94 22,35 990, 75 23,58 550,41 13,11
4 1251,92 29,80 1321,00 31,44 733, 88 17,48
5 1564,90 37,25 1651,25 39,30 917,35 21,85
6 1877,88 44,70 1981,50 47,16 1100,82 26,22
7 2190,86 52,15 2311,75 55,02 1284, 29 30,59
8 2503, 84 59,60 2642, 00 62,88 1467, 75 34,96
3$p
9 2816, 82 67,05 2972,25 70,74 1651,23 39,33
10 3129,80 74,50 3302, 50 78,60 1834,70 43,70
20 6259, 90 149, 00 6605, 00 157,20 3669,40 87,40
30 9389, 40 223,50 9907, 50 235, 80 5504,10 131,10
40 12519,20 298, 00 13210,00 314,40 7338, 80 174, 80
50 15649,00 372,50 16512,50 393, 00 9173,50 218,50
60 18778,80 447,00 19815,00 471,60 11008,20 262, 50
70 21908,60 521,50 23117,50 550, 20 12842, 90 305, 90
80 25038, 40 596, 00 26420, 00 628, 80 14677, 60 349, 60
90 28168, 20 670, 50 29722,50 707, 40 15512,30 393, 30
100 31298,00 745, 00 33025,00 786, 00 18347,00 437, 00

71
 FUEL OIL SAFRA OIL MUD OIL
Cubic meter Metric ton Metric ton Metric ton US Gallon Barrels
1 0,844 0,80 1,44 254, 20 6,30
2 1,688 1,60 2,88 528, 40 12,60
3 2,532 2,40 4,32 792, 60 18,90
4 3,376 3,20 5,76 1056,80 25,20
5 4,220 4,00 7,20 1321,00 31,50
6 5,064 4,80 8,64 1585,20 37,80
7 5,906 5,60 10,08 1849,40 44,10
8 6,752 6,40 11,52 2113,60 50,40
9 7,596 7,20 12,96 2377, 80 56,70
10 8,440 8,00 14,40 2642, 00 63,00
20 16,88 16,00 28,80 5284, 00 126, 00
30 25,32 24,00 43,20 7926, 00 189, 00
40 33,76 32,00 57,60 10568, 00 252, 00
50 42,20 40,00 72,00 13210,00 315,00
60 50,64 48,00 86,40 15852,00 378, 00
70 59,06 56,00 100, 80 18494,00 441,00
80 67,52 64,00 115,20 21136,00 504,00
90 75,96 72,00 129,60 23778, 00 567, 00
100 84,40 80,00 144, 00 26420, 00 630, 00
BARRELS (42 GAL) CUBIC METERS 0.1589
CAPACITY

CUBIC METERS BARRELS (42 GAL) 6.2898

GALLON (US) CUBIC METERS 0.003
CUBIC METRES US GALONS 2.642
CUB. DECIMETERS (LITERS) US GALONS 0.2642
CENTIMETERS LITRE 0.01
MILIMETERS LITRES 0.001
LITERS: CENTIMETERS 100

71
 FEET METERS 0,3048
L E N G T H

METERS FEET 3.2808

INCHES CENTEMETRES 2.5400
CENTEMETERS INCHES 0.3937
YARD FEET 3
YARDS METERS 0,9144
METERS YARDS 1.904
MILES KILOMETERS 1.609
KILOMETERS MILES 0.6214
SOU ARE MILE SOUARE KM 2.590
SOUARE KM SOUARE MILES 0.3861
AREA

SOUARE CM SOUARE IN 0.155 IN SQ.

SOUARE IN SOUARE CM 6.4516 CM SO.
SOUARE YARD SOUARE FEET 9

72
INTRODUCTION

Tides are caused by the physics of the solar system, and in particular, by the
relative movements of the earth, sun, and moon. Tides are recorded as changes in
water level and are associated with water motions called tidal currents. Although
technically called tidal streams, since ocean current causes include meteorological
forcing and density variations, most mariners use the term "tidal current" for the
astronomical component as well.

There are four classifications of tidal patterns or "types" based on the tide curve
frequency and successive range variations. "Semi-diurnal" tides have two high
and two low tides each day. The "tidal day" cycle actually requires 24 hours and
50 minutes, since the moon, which exerts the greatest tidal influence, advances 50
minutes each day in its orbits around the earth. The fully semi-diurnal pattern is
found in our area near Abu Sa'fah since it is near a semidiurnal amphidromic
point (a point around which the tidal wave rotates). Using a "form number"
calculated from the ratio of the sum of the diurnal constituent amplitudes to the
sum of the semi-diurnal constituent amplitudes, (K1+O1)/(M2+S2). "Mixed"
tides are intermediate condition in which inequalities exist between successive
high or low tides and proceed from mixed, mainly semi-diurnal south of Manifa,
to mixed, mainly diurnal from Manifa north to Safaniya.

The overall range of the tide also changes from day to day. Every day for about a
week high tides rise a little higher and low tides fall a little lower; then the range
gradually decreases again. This effect is mainly caused by the changing alignment
of the earth, sun, and moon. Maximum range tides called "spring tides" occur
about every 14 days, when the sun and moon are aligned on the same side (new
moon) or on opposite sides (full moon) of the earth. Minimum range tides called
"neap tides" occur at the quarter phases of the moon . Due to inertial effects,
spring and neap tides lag a couple of days behind the corresponding phases of the
moon.

73
There is also a marked seasonal change in the tidal range. Maximum ranges, with
highest high tides and lowest low tides, generally occur near the summer and
winter solstices (in June and December when the sun is furthest from earth).
Local factors may cause considerable lag, however, depending on the station
location and year. (See summaries at each station.)

The semi-tide range for each station can be expressed by the difference between
the Mean Sea Level (MSL) and the Lowest Astronomical Tide (lowest predicted
value over a 19 year metonic cycle). The tidal epoch of 1980-84 was chosen for
these MSL calculations as well as the standard MSL surveying datum.

Although tidal currents are physically associated with tidal stages, the
complexities of the tides in the semi-closed basin of the Arabian Gulf do not
allow a straightforward relationship between the tide tables and tidal current
stage. For example, a commercial diving operation at Marjan will find that
although tidal currents are stronger during spring tides and weaker during neap
tides, the timings for slack waters must be tested on site as there are generally
semi-diurnal currents associated with the diurnal tides there. The maximum
velocities to be expected in open waters of our area are about 1 m/s (2 knots),
though higher velocities may occur where flow is restricted by shoals or in the
entrances to bays. Away from embayment, ebb tide currents north of Ju'aymah set
to the southeast, and flood tide currents set to the northwest. From Ras Tanura
south into the Bay of Salwah, the reverse pattern is evident.

Changes in winds and barometric pressures cause variations in tide level. In

general, with a low barometric pressure the heights of both high and low waters
will be higher than predicted, while with a high pressure they will be lower than
predicted. There are also seasonal variations due to higher summer atmospheric
pressures and lower winter pressures, but these variations have been included in
the predictions. Sea level changes due to meteorological conditions are usually
less than 30 cm, though extreme case analyses are available for each area. There

74
is typically a 20-30 hour lag time between the onset of significant NW winds and
tidal oscillations in our area.

Although these tide tables contain 12 stations, the Environmental Engineering

Division has predictions for other specific areas. Predictions can also be
performed from interpolation of co-tidal charts or analyses of at least 29 days of
continuous tide data within a calendar month from a particular site.

Please note that Tide Tables are organized by sections, and the tide stations are in
alphabetical order. Since there are three formats for each station, it is
recommended that one first refer to the Tide Graphs for a station to determine the
overall pattern for the period desired, then refer to the High/Low Tide Calendar
and Hourly Predictions for particular times and levels.

TIME & CALENDAR FORMAT

The time used for the predictions is local time, which is Greenwich Mean Time
(GMT) plus 3 hours. The calendar format for high and low waters start with
Saturday as the first day of the week.

ADOPTION OF LOWEST ASTRONOMICAL TIDE (LAT) DATUM

In 1986 the Saudi Aramco tide tables began referencing tidal heights to a new
datum Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT). Saudi Aramco's Hydrographic Survey
Unit began correcting all soundings to LAT in January 1986. This process is still
continuing due to the large number of charts that were previously referenced to
Indian Spring Low Water (ISLW).

Navigational charts used in the Arabian Gulf by the British Admiralty and U.S.
Defense Mapping Agency, however, are already referenced to LAT.

75
By definition, the LAT datum is "the lowest water level that can be predicted to
occur under average meteorological conditions and under any combination of
astronomical conditions at a specific location". The use of the old datum, ISLW,
(in years previous to 1986) resulted in several negative predicted tides during the
year. Using the LAT eliminates this problem; however, it should be stressed that
"negative storm surge" occurring jointly with low tides can create negative water
levels with respect to LAT.

Table 2.0 relates Saudi Aramco's MSL to the government land datum of 1978.
This table show the level of government datum below the company's MSL for
number of Aramco coastal facilities.

Table 2.1 relates MSL to Indian Spring Low Water (ISLW), Lowest
Astronomical Tide (LAT), and Highest Astronomical Tide (HAT) for each of the
12 presently operating Saudi Aramco tide stations.

76
 Table 2.0: Comparison of Saudi Aramco MSL (1980-1984) to Saudi government
(1978) land datum.

SAUDI GOV' T (1978) LAND DATUM

LOCATION BELOW SAUDI ARAMCO'S MSL (1980-84)
Abu Ali Pier………………………………………………………… 9cm
Ju'aymah Boat Pier…………………………………………………. 6cm
Manifa Pier…………………………………………………………. 13cm
Qurayyah Pier………………………………………………………. 15cm
Ras Tanura N. Pier…………………………………………………. 7cm
Safaniya Pier……………………………………………………….. 19cm
Tanajib……………………………………………………………... 9cm

* Note : Saudi Armco's MSL (1980-84) is always above the Saudi Government's
(1978) land datum.

77
78
79
81
81
82
 TIDES AND TIDAL CURRENTS

Is obtained by adding algebraically the height of the tide at the time in question
to the charted depth.
By international agreement, the level used as chart datum should be low enough
so that low waters do not fall Very far below it. At most places, the level used is
one determined from a mean of a number of low waters (usually over a 19 year
period); therefore, some low waters can be expected to fall below it. The
following are some of the datums in general use.
Mean low water (MLW) is the average height of all low waters at a given
place. About half of the low waters fall below it, and half above.
Mean low water springs (MLWS), usually shortened to low water springs, is
the average level of the low waters that occur at the times of spring tides.
Mean lower low water (MLLW) is the average height of the lower low waters
of each tidal day.
Tropic lower low water (TcLLW) is the average height of the lower low
waters (or of the single daily low waters if the tide becomes diurnal) that occur
when the moon is near maximum declination and the diurnal effect is most
pronounced. This datum is not in common use as a tidal reference.
Indian spring low water (ISLW), sometimes called Indian tide plane or
harmonic tide plane, is a low water datum that includes the spring effect of the
semi-diurnal portion of the tide and the tropic effect of the diurnal portion. It is
about the level of lower low water of mixed tides at the time that the moon's
maximum declination coincides with the time of new or full moon.
Mean lower low water springs (MLLWS) is the average level of the lower of
the two low waters on the days of spring tides.
Some still lower datums used on charts are determined from tide observations
and some are determined arbitrarily and later referred to the tide. Most of them
fall close to one or the other of the following two datums.
Lowest normal low water is a datum that approximates the average height of
monthly lowest low waters, discarding any tides disturbed by storms.

83
Lowest low water is an extremely low datum. It conforms generally to the
lowest tide observed, or even somewhat lower. Once a tidal datum is
established, it is sometimes retained for an indefinite period, even though it
might differ slightly from a better determination from later observations. When
this occurs, the established datum may be called low water datum, lower low
water datum, etc. These datums are used in a limited area and primarily for
river and harbor engineering purposes. Examples are Boston Harbor Low Water
Datum and Columbia River Lower Low Water Datum.
Figure 911 illustrates variations in the ranges and heights of tides in a locality
such as the Indian Ocean, where predicted and observed water levels are
referenced to a chart sounding datum that will always cause them to be additive
relative to the charted depth.
In some areas where there is little or no tide, such as the Baltic Sea, mean sea
level (MSL) is used as chart datum. This is the average height of the surface of
the sea for all stages of the tide over a 19 year period. This may differ slightly
from half-tide level, which is the level midway between mean high water and
mean low water.
Inconsistencies of terminology are found among charts of different countries and
between charts issued at different times.
Large-scale charts usually specify the datum of soundings and may contain a
tide note giving mean heights of the tide at one or more places on the chart.
These heights are intended merely as a rough guide to the change in depth to be
expected under the specified conditions. They should not be used for the
prediction of heights on any particular day, which should be obtained from tide
tables.

912. High Water Datums

Heights of terrestrial features are usually referred on nautical charts to a high
water datum. This gives the mariner a margin of error when passing under
bridges, overhead cables, and other obstructions. The one used on charts of the
United States, its territories and possessions, and widely used elsewhere, is

84
mean high water (MHW), which is the average height of all high waters over a
19 year period. Any other high water datum in use on charts is likely to be
higher than this. Other high water datums are mean high water springs
(MHWS), which is the average level of the high waters that occur at the time of
spring tides; mean higher high water (MHHW), which is the average height of
the higher high waters of each tidal day; and tropic higher high water
(TcHHW), which is the average height of the higher high waters (or the single
daily high waters if the tide becomes diurnal) that occur when the moon is near
maximum declination and the diurnal effect is most pronounced. A reference
merely to "high water" leaves some doubt as to the specific level referred to, for
the height of high water varies from day to day. Where the range is large, the
variation during a 2 week period may be considerable.
Because there are periodic and apparent secular trends in sea level, a specific 19
year cycle (the National Tidal Datum Epoch) is issued for all United States
datums. The National Tidal Datum Epoch officially adopted by the National
Ocean Service is presently 1960 through 1978. The Epoch is periodically
reviewed for revision.

TIDAL CURRENTS

913. Tidal And Nontidal Currents

Horizontal movement of water is called current. It may be either "tidal" and

"nontidal." Tidal current is the periodic horizontal flow of water accompanying
the rise and fall of the tide. Nontidal current includes all currents not due to the
tidal movement. Nontidal currents include the permanent currents in the general
circulatory system of the oceans as well as temporary currents arising from
meteorological conditions. The current experienced at any time is usually a
combination of tidal and nontidal currents.

85
914. General Features

Offshore, where the direction of flow is not restricted by any barriers, the tidal
current is rotary; that is, it flows continuously, with the direction changing
through all points of the compass during the tidal period. This rotation is caused
by the earth's rotation, and unless modified by local conditions, is clockwise in
the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
The speed usually varies throughout the tidal cycle, passing through two
maximums in approximately opposite directions, and two minimums about
halfway between the maximums in time and direction. Rotary currents can be
depicted as in Figure 914a, by a series of arrows representing the direction and
speed of the current at each hour. This is sometimes called a current rose.
Because of the elliptical pattern formed by the ends of the arrows, it is also
referred to as a current ellipse.
In rivers or straits, or where the direction of flow is more or less restricted to
certain channels, the tidal current is reversing; that is, it flows alternately in
approximately opposite directions with an instant or short period of little or no
current, called slack water, at each reversal of the current. During the flow in
each direction, the speed varies from zero at the time of slack water to a
maximum, called strength of flood or ebb, about midway between the slacks.
Reversing currents can be indicated graphically, as in Figure 914b, by arrows
that represent the speed of the current at each hour. The flood is usually depicted
above the slack waterline and the ebb below it. The tidal current curve formed
by the ends of the arrows has the same characteristic sine form as the tide curve.
In illustrations and for certain other purposes it is convenient to omit the arrows
and show only the curve.

86
87
88
157) Which Radar mode you will select in the il field, i he N h m de
or ships head up mode?
- North up made is better because it show me the real location of each target and
the same as the chart with my course drawn on it, and will not get confused when
taking bearing of each target.

158) If you are steaming in fog and you heard the sound of (U) what action
you will take?
- Stop Engines, check radar and GPS for your position on chart turn the vessel on
reciprocal course away from the sound.

159) What the allowed speed in Tanajib channel, and harbor in normal clear
day & in 500m SZ and 100m from Rig?
- At Tanajib channel 8 krs, inside harbour max 5 knts, 500 SZ 3 knts,
100 m from Rig 0.5 kts.

160) What is your Job assignment in master station (Emergency station)?

- Check your vessel master station posted in the bridge.

161) Do you know where is the emergency alarm button, and engine emergency
stop buttons?
- Check and familiarized with buttons in the bridge.

162) How do you disposal of expired pyrotechnics?

- As per MIM’S 1186.507.

163) Do you know how to put on and safely use the breathing apparatus?
- Practice to wear on the breathing apparatus important.

164) Which instruments necessary for connection tow line?

- Shackle, Sledge Hammers, Hammers, Crow Bars Heavy Duty, Split pins,

89
165) What action will do rig move master day before rig move? What you will
do?
- Onboard inspection; prepare the deck for towing operation, get out the
required certificates (Towing winch ,Tow wire, Tugger winch, tugger wire,
shackles, Stretcher, Fuse Wire, Bollard pull, Master COC & CDC) prepare the
ROB.

166) What mean of Gob chain explain ?

- Is a chain with high SWL connected to the center of deck to control the towing
wire.

167) Physical demonstration of Maneuvering the vessel

( Special awareness of actual Tidal & Wind condition . Use of engines &
Helm to control the vessel )

168) What consist Towline ? Explain

Bridle ; Towing wire + Bow shackle + Stretcher
Assistant tug ; Towing wire + Bow shackle + Stretcher + Fuse wire.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

91
 Background:

If the tank contains a solid weight, and the ship is inclined, the center of
buoyancy shifts in the direction of the inclination and righting arms (GZ) are
formed.

Replacing the solid with a liquid of the same weight, when the ship is inclined, the
surface of the liquid remains horizontal. This results in a transfer of "a wedge of
water," which is equivalent to a horizontal shift of weight, causing gravity to shift
from G0 to G2.

The wedge of water transferred increases as the angle of inclination increases;

therefore, the center of gravity shifts a different amount for each inclination.

91
 Due to the horizontal shift of the center of gravity, the righting arm is now G2Z2. To
determine the effect on stability, a vertical line is projected upward through G2
(see below). Whe e hi line c e he hi cen e line i labeled G3. The righting
arm G3Z3 is the same length as the righting arm G2Z2 The ef e m ing he hi
center of gravity to position G2 or G3 yields the same effect on stability. Movement
from G0 to G3 is referred to as a Virtual Rise of the center gravity.

FACTORS EFFECTING FREE SURFACE EFFECT

POCKETING

Free Surface Effect can be reduced, to some extent, by creating pocketing.

Pocketing occurs when the surface of the liquid contacts the top or bottom of the
tank, reducing the breadth (B) of the free surface area.

92
 Pocketing with top of tank. Pocketing with bottom of tank.

Since the effects of pocketing can not be calculated, it is an indeterminate safety

factor. The Free Surface correction will therefore indicate less overall stability than
actually exists.

169) Single Letter Signal & their significance?

Alpha Delta
Bravo Charlie
Diver Down - Keep Clear Keep Clear
Dangerous Cargo
or Speed Trial Maneuvering with
( Explosives ) Yes
( when moving ) Difficulty

Echo Foxtrot Golf Hotel

Altering Course Disabled Pilot Required Pilot on Board
to Starboard Please Communicate

India Juliet Lima

Kilo
Altering Course I Am On Fire Keep Desire to
Stop Instantly
to Port Clear Communicate

Mike Papa
November Oscar
I Am Stopped I Am About to Sail
No Man Overboard
Doctor On-board Need a Pilot

93
 Quebec Sierra Tango
Romeo
Quarantine Engines Going Keep Clear
( no meaning )
Request Pratique Full Astern Do Not pass

Uniform Victor Whiskey X-ray

Standing Require Assistance I Require Stop Your
into Danger ( not distress ) Medical Assistance Intentions

Zulu
Yankee
I Require a Tug
Dragging Anchor 1 2
(shore
or Carrying Mail
communications)

3 4 5 6

7 8 9 0

170) VHF & SSB Distress frequencies.

CH.70 , 2187.5 -2182 Khz
Marine SSB
The frequencies used for marine communications are internationally agreed by
the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Below you will find a list of
HF frequencies. In the main most frequencies are Duplex and intended for ship
to shore use. Some bands do have simplex channels which can be used for
either ship to shore or internship working.
Marine Distress Frequencies (Radio Telephone (R/T) & DSC)
Day Time Night Time
Band R/T Frequency DSC Frequency
Range Range
MF 2182 kHz 2187.5 kHz 150 nm 500 nm
HF4 4125 kHz 4207.5 kHZ 300 nm 1000 nm
HF6 6215 kHz 6312 kHz 600 nm 1500 nm
HF8 8291 kHz 8414.5 kHZ 1000 nm 2000 nm

94
 HF12 12290 kHz 12577 kHz 2500 nm
HF16 16420 kHz 16804.5 kHz
156.800 MHz 156.525 MHz (Ch
VHF 30 nm 30 nm
(Ch16) 70)

NOTE: Range is for guidance only and will depending on your operating conditions.

Distress and Safety Calling and general purpose calling

70 156.525 156.525
using Digital Selective Calling (DSC) ONLY.

95
96
‫(‬ ‫) ﻻﺗﻧطﻖ)‬
‫(‬
 Grammar
•

• A stowaway has been found in the eng. room .

• A tropical storm has been bitting the island since Tuesday .

• Be careful ! Asmall amount of oil has spilled on the deck

• Boarding arrangements do not comply with solas regulations .

•
•

•
•

• Look out ! Someone has left an oily clth on the deck

• Liquid bulk cargo is carried in tankers .

•
•

• Only 12 people can fit in the lifeboat .

• Pilotage is compulsory for all vessel that enter or leave the port .

• Safety standards have improved in the last 20 years .

•
•

•
•

•
•

• Who will investigate the cause of the accident ?

•
•

•
•

• Why is the officer on duty not on the bridge ?

•
• Are any portable fire-extinguishers available?
• All necessary equipment was stowed in an appropriate location
•
• Chemicals must be handled with great care.
•
• Did you inform about the visitors the Master?
• Did you put your tools back in the tool box?
• Did you inspect the cargo spaces for stowaways?
• Did you post the look-outs on the forecastle?
• Did you receive a work- permit before entering the enclosed space?
• Do you know how to don a lifejacket correctly?
•
• Protective respiratory equipment should be used
•
• Respirators don't provide protection in oxygen deficient atmospheres
•
• The vessel I work on is old
• The rescue operations were completed successfully.
• The vessel loaded a cargo of sawn timber yesterday
• The tug service will be resumed after 8 hours
• The old vessel is i work on ?
• The rescue were completed operations successfully .
• The cargo was damaged by water.
• The team began donning breathing apparatus and chemical suits
• The use of mobile phones is prohibited
• The Master is responsible for the emergency party training
• The passengers disembarked from the vessel 2 hours ago
• There's poor visibility because of the fog
• This should be carried out by trained personnel only
• Tanker is altering course to starboard
• Tools which are defective mustn't be used
•
• It took us a long time to clean the cargo hold
• I have just checked the fire-fighting equipment

Have you inspected the mooring lines yet?

How long will it take you to get there?

How long will the ship stay in Barcelona?

How long will the refitting take?

How many people helped to extinguish the fire?

How much time do you need to repair the winch?

He completed the training course three months ago

We need to carry out a lifeboat drill next week

Warning signs must be displayed

Who can speak Spanish on board?

Where is the ship registered?

Where can I get protective gloves?

Where will they rig the pilot ladder?

Where is the oil spill removal equipment stored onboard?

What will you do if you notice the smell of smoke?

What doors must be locked when in port?

What are the procedures in case of fire?

What equipment should I use when working aloft?

What cargo are you loading in hold no 4?

What are the advantages of this system?

What warning notices were used during welding?

What fire-fighting appliances do you have onboard?

What should you do if you see a man has fallen overboard?

What's the name of that vessel over there?

When will you deliver the ship supplies?

When will they be permitted to go ashore?

When did you last launch the lifeboat?

When will the ship arrive in Liverpool?

When are you going to complete bunkering?

When did you last have a security related drill?

When was issued the letter to the port authorities ?

Which flight is boarding at gate18?

Which side will the ship moor?

Why didn't you inform the bridge about the accident?

You mustn't smoke in the cargo hold.

You need a license to operate this machine

Did you inform about the visitors the Master?
Listening
 Reading

SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION
Spontaneous combustion can occur when packed cargoes such as coal, hemp ,copra and
grain are carried especially if these have been loaded in damp conditions. In the centre
of these cargoes there is very little ventilation to supply a cooling effect and the natural
heat generated can rise to such a degree that it causes combustion of the material. Due
to the restriction of oxygen supply, this will just smoulder for a considerable time until
part of the cargo is removed. Then by admitting additional air, the cargo could burst
into flames. Stowage of engine room stores is important since materials such as
cleaning rags, cotton waste, and sawdust can all cause spontaneous combustion
especially if they are stored next to the various
chemicals carried on board ships.

LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES
Lifeboats are the primary means of escape from a vessel in distress; however
operations involving the lowering of lifeboats are potentially hazardous. Lifeboats must
be launched and exercised in the water once every three months. If the vessel is
equipped with free fall lifeboats, launches are required six monthly. It is important to
maintain the lifeboats falls and davits as per manufacturer's manual. Release systems
must be properly adjusted, regularly maintained, correctly operated and tested
regularly. Failure to do this can lead to a malfunction of the release equipment
resulting in the boat being released prematurely or alternatively not being released.
Training must be carried out to ensure that all crewmembers are familiar with the
correct operation of this type of equipment.
SECURITY LEVELS
The term "security levels" is used to quantify the risk of a potential security incident.
There are 3 security levels:
Level 1 is considered as normal with minimum routine security measures in place.
Level 2 is where an increased risk of security incident exists. In this case there are
additional security measures taken over and above those at level 1.
Level 3 is the highest level and this is where a security incident or threat against a port,
port facility, or ship is probable or imminent. Instructions will normally be given by
those responding to the incident and generally normal operations will stop. If the
security level changes the Master will be advised by the vessel's flag Administration,
Company Security Officer of the port. In turn the Ship Security Officer will ensure that
all crew are made aware of the level along with their duties.

SECURITY
Threats to the security of ships and crews are always present, whether it be theft,
stowaways, piracy, terrorism, bomb threats or drug smuggling. The security of the ship
is in the interest of everyone on board. The ship has a security plan which gives the
SSO assistance in organizing effective security and practical guidance in procedures
and precautions. A Ship Security Officer is appointed onboard and is responsible to the
Master for all security issues and for conducting regular security training on board
for the crew. Everyone on board has a duty to ensure that the vessel is kept as secure as
possible and that any suspicious activities, persons or packages are reported
immediately to the SSO.

DANGEROUS MATERIALS AND GOODS

Many materials used on board ships have health and safety implications for personnel
handling them. All dangerous materials are only to be used in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions. Chemicals must always be handled with great care and
personal protective equipment utilized. This equipment is to consist of eye protection,
rubber gloves and an apron. Care is to be taken not to breathe chemical vapours.
Proprietary eye wash liquid is to be available as a first aid measure to remove
chemicals from the eyes.

EMERGENCY PARTIES
An Emergency Party is selected from the most suitable officers and ratings on the
ship. Usually several emergency parties are formed, such as Bridge Party, Engine Room
Party, First Aid Party and Fire-Fighting Party. Regular alarm testing must be used as
an opportunity for all on board to learn to recognize the signal for activating the
emergency team. This is particularly important where confusion may arise from
different alarms. Suitable locations are to be designated for the Emergency Parties to
muster at. They must have reasonable access to the upper deck, the accommodation
and machinery spaces. The Emergency Party is to muster at a location where
emergency equipment is readily available.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Personal Protective Equipment will not in itself prevent an accident but will help to
prevent injury . Any person who may be required to wear or use protective clothing
or equipment is to be properly trained or instructed in its use and advised of any
limitations of its use. Protective clothing and equipment are to be issued to each
employee or kept in an easily accessible and clearly marked location. Any defects are to
be reported immediately. Note that items such as scarves, sweatbands, casual headgear,
loose clothing, finger rings, necklaces and other jewellery can be extremely hazardous
. These objects can get caught in moving machinery, power tools or when working with
ropes or lines. If the necessary PPE is not available for use , work must not be carried
out or permitted.

OIL SPILL
Half of all major pollution claims arise from incidents on ships that are not carrying oil
cargoes spillages of bunker oil and collision account for over one third of the total
number of pollution claims. All ships' personnel must ensure that all necessary
precautions are taken and that proper procedures are strictly followed during all oil
transfer operations. A close watch must be maintained during these operations to ensure
that any escape of oil does not go unnoticed. All vessels must carry oil spill removal
equipment which includes sorbents, non sparking hand scoops, shovels, and buckets,
emulsifiers for deck cleaning, protective clothing, scupper plugs,
portable pumps with hoses, etc. The equipment must be kept in a convenient
storeroom and must not be used for any other purpose.

If welding or flame-cutting are needed in areas other than in the workshop you should
receive a Permit to Work. Where portable lights are required to provide adequate
illumination, they should be clamped or secured in position. adequate ventilation
should be provided when welding in enclosed spaces. Breathing apparatus may be
needed. Welding equipment should be inspected before use to ensure that it is in
serviceable condition. All repairs should be carried out by a competent person.
Protective clothing including welding helmet, or goggles, leather welding gloves,
leather apron and long-sleeved boiler suit must be worn by the operator. The area of
work should be free of combustible solids, liquids or gases. Suitable fire extinguisher
should be kept at hand ready for use during the operation.
Prior to work involving maintenance and testing of electrical circuits, a Permit to
work is to be completed. This involves work where there is a danger of shock that
could result in injury or death . It should be remembered that such injury can be
caused at voltages as low as 60V. It also involves work on electrical circuits of
any voltage where there is a risk of flammable vapours being present. This will
involve all work outside the main accommodation block and machinery spaces on
vessels carrying dangerous cargoes. Care is to be taken to isolate the equipment at
source wherever possible and to follow the Lock-out/Tag-out procedures.

During serious incidents many telephone calls may be made to the ship. The Master
must clearly identify the caller before passing on any information. Unauthorised
callers must be referred to the Company for information. The media in particular will
persist in trying to obtain as much information as possible. Only the Master must speak
to them. Information passed must only be the minimum necessary and is to be factual.
Information, which is found to be misleading, can be very damaging to the management
of the incident. The Master must ensure that no other Officer or crewman speaks to the
media. At no time must anyone comment on the cause of the incident.

An enclosed space includes tanks for cargo, ballast, fuel, fresh water, cofferdams etc.
However any enclosed space is to be considered as dangerous if that space has been
closed for an extended period without any ventilation. Such spaces may be oxygen
deficient or be filled with toxic fumes from cargoes, fuel or even paint and chemicals.
An inspection by Master and Chief engineer is to be carried out in order to identify all
spaces which through lack of regular use or any other reason may be considered
dangerous. These spaces are to be clearly marked with appropriate warnings, stating
that enclosed space entry procedures must be followed. No person must enter an
enclosed space, unless a permit has been issued by a senior officer and all
precautions have been taken along with adequate safety equipment and
personnel on stand-by in case of emergency.

All visitors must be asked to show identification. Details will then be entered into the
visitors' logbook and a pass issued. Random checking of persons and their belongings is
to be carried out as per the security plan and the security level in force. Personal checks
can be assisted by the use of a hand-held metal detector. During a check any weapons
or anything that could be considered as suspicious or looks unusual should be treated as
a security alert. If in doubt request the advice of the Officer of the Watch or the Ship
Security Officer. If the person refuses to allow his bags suspicious then they and their
baggage must not be allowed on board. If a visitor refuses to show his identification or if
you suspect the identification document to be false you should contact the Officer of
the Watch or the SSO.

Risk Assessment is a relatively simple task and is a careful examination of potential

hazards during onboard activities. During this examination, precautions already in
place can be identified and decisions made as to whether additional precautions may
be required.The aim is to prevent at least minimize the chances of accidents or
incidents .Assessments are required for all critical operations on board. An operation
which may be considered as "routine" with minimal risk in normal conditions may
present a higher risk where conditions change, for example bad weather or machinery
failure. Day to day operations are to be included as well as all other critical operations
including unusual or infrequent tasks.

Stowaways are usually desperate people trying to flee their country due to political
unrest or war. They hide onboard and can create many problems but if discovered they
should be treated with reasonable respect and consideration. Stowaways can board in
any country but are prevalent in West Africa, Central America and in places where there
may be political problems. To assist checking for stowaways a checklist is to be used
for routine and final inspection. The checklist contains all spaces where a stowaway
could possibly hide. Crews are urged to carry out through searches of hard-to-reach
positions on the ship.

Nearly all fires which have happened on board ships could have been avoided. Fire-
fighting on board is difficult and dangerous owing to the confined areas in which the
fire may be tackled and restricted means of escape. These difficulties and dangers can
be greatly reduced with the regular exercising and training in the drills. Good
housekeeping in all areas of the ship is essential for fire prevention. Strictly observe
smoking regulations. Private electrical equipment is only to be used if the equipment is
type approved. When such equipment is not in use they must be switched off and
disconnected from the power source. Laundry equipment is to be switched off when not
in use. Spillages of oil, paint, solvents or other flammable liquids are to be cleaned up
immediately and rags disposed of correctly.

HOUSEKEEPING
Good housekeeping is important for safe work on board. All areas must be kept
clean, dry, free of rubbish, and free from slipping and tripping hazards. The right tools
should be used for each job, and they must be kept in good order. To avoid any
accidents tools, materials, spares and other supplies should be stowed securely and
correctly. When you work it is necessary to have sufficient lighting. All alleyways,
escape routes and emergency’ exits must not be obstructed. If there are some leaking
pipes or fittings any leakage should be traced and stopped. Any spills must be cleaned
up immediately . Oil soaked rags and other flammable materials are potentially
hazardous and must be disposed of in fireproof receptacles.

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
Anyone on board who discovers an emergency must first activate the nearest alarm
switch. He must ensure that the Deck Officer on duty is informed without
delay as to the nature and location the emergency, and then proceed to his Emergency
Station. In the case of a minor fire, after the alarm has been raised, an attempt should be
made to tackle it with minor fire appliances. In case of a more serious fire , doors
should be shut and the area secured before evacuating it. All alarm signals are shown on
the Muster List. It is essential that all crew members are aware of the meaning of the
various alarm signals in use on board. In all cases, signals are to be backed up with
information on the ship's public address system, where fitted.

CONFINED SPACES
When entering confined spaces, the atmosphere may be dangerous to health or even
fatal. It may be
deficient in oxygen and may contain flammable or toxic fume vapours. A competent
person should make an assessment of the space and a responsible officer should be
designated to take charge of the planned operation. It is vitally important to identify the
potential hazards. The space must be prepared and secured for entry and the
atmosphere inside should be tested. No sources of ignition should be taken into the
space. In all cases, rescue and resuscitation equipment should be positioned ready for
use at the entrance to the space. A system of communication should be agreed and
tested to ensure that any person entering the space can keep in contact with the person
stationed at the entrance.

MOBILE PHONES AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

SECURITY ON BOARD
Practical measures must be taken to reduce security risks. Before entering ports,
Masters must remind their crew about their own personal security both on board and
on shore. Every crewman must ensure that his/her cabin is kept locked .When in port, a
good gangway and deck watch must be maintained. Access to the ship must be limited
one point whenever possible. Rope ladders, including pilot ladders are not to be left
over-side. Regular checks all round the ship are to be made with attention to the off-
shore side as well as the shore-side. Watchmen must carry torches and must keep in
radio contact with the officer-of-the-watch.

WORKING ALOFT
Special precautions should be taken when working aloft. Where possible, staging or a
ladder should be
used and secured firmly. A safety harness and lifeline must be used. If possible a safety
net should be rigged. Tools should be carried up in secure containers or belts specially
designed for carrying tools to prevent them falling and causing injury to anyone. The
area below the work site should be roped off with warning signs stating that people are
working aloft. Care should also be taken when working aloft that tools are placed
securely to prevent them dropping on anyone. Hazards should be identified, such as
the ship whistle, radars, antennae, which should all be isolated while aloft and "Do not
operate" signs should be placed on them.

GARBAGE DISPOSAL
Under Annex V of the MARPOL Convention, garbage includes all kinds of food and
domestic and operational waste generated during normal operation of the vessel.
A Garbage Management Plan is obligatory on board the ship. This plan is adapted to
meet any ship-specific requirements. Each new member of the crew must receive full
instruction and training in the management of ship’s garbage and waste. This is to
include collection, separation, processing, storage and disposal. The Garbage
Management Plan is reviewed regularly to ensure that it remains effective.
 The Garbage Disposal Record must include information with regard to when garbage is
discharged into the sea,
To reception facilities ashore or to another ship, when garbage is incinerated and any
accidental or exceptional discharge of garbage.

Time and numbers:

9.45 : quarter to ten

10:00 ; ten o'clock
1.10 : ten past one
60's : sisixties
30 minutes : half an hour
7th : seventh
Its take 45 minutes to get : three quarters of an hour .
1/8 : an eighth of an inch
1630: half past four
1/4: one quarters .
2.00 pm : two o'clock
21th : twenty first
30th : thirtieth
7/10: seven tenths
12.30 : half past twelve
15/6: fifteen of june
26th: twenty sixth
10 a.m: ten in the morning
0010: just after midnight
1700's: seventeen hundreds
0.75 k.m: three quarters of a kilometer
0700 :oh seven hundred
5500: fifty five hundred
4/10: October the fourth
12.15: quarter past twelve
- 10 : minus ten
9.20 : twenty past nine
7.30 pm : half past seven in the evening
10/9 : the tenth of September
9.40 : twenty to ten
15 : quarter of an hour
1355 local time : thirteen fifty –fife
1430 : fourteen thirty
1939 : ninteen thirty nine
work a 2 week : fortnightly
take off at 14:30 hrs: two thirty pm
reduced to 95/8 inches : nine and five eighths
1914 nineteen fourteen

vocabulary
 fruit vegetable drink
grapes, peach cucumber, cabbage wine, wine
 tools means of signaling mooring appliances
soldering iron, wrench hand flare, smoke float fairlead, reel
 Marlins English Test Trainer v1.09.01 (Freeware) by Googleload.com
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Answers of questions No. 41-50

(address), package, envelope, box

(again), prior, before, previously
(Alaska), Algeria, Libya, Egypt
(animal), dog, cat, fish
(arrive), leave, go, depart
(bandage), wound, sprain, bruise
(barbecue), house, apartment, flat
(bicycle), automobile, car, truck
(Brazil), Asia, Europe, Africa
(building), harbour, port, pier
(buy), log, record, register
(calendar), year, decade, century
(calm), hurricane, gale, storm
(car), subway, underground, metro
(cargo), bale, chest, sack
(cargo), oil, petrol, gas
(carton), litre, pint, gallon
(chain), chain, chain, chain
(chain), diamond, emerald, ruby
(cheese), wood, metal, plastic
(coffee), dinner, breakfast, lunch
(colour), yellow, orange, purple
(commence), finish, end, stop
(compass), timer, clock, watch
(computer), butcher, plumber, builder
(container), cable, rope, hoist
(correction), mistake, fault, error
(crane), wheat, cotton, rice
(crew), helmsman, engineer, cadet
(cup), knife, fork, spoon
(cup), tea, juice, coffee
(currency), dollar, pound, yen
(damage), fix, repair, mend
(dead), rescued, recovered, saved
(destroy), clean, polish, tidy
(difficulty), aid, help, support
(distract), highlight, indicate, mark
(dock), hull, mast, deck
(drop), hoist, lift, raise
(eighth), eighty, eighteen, eight
(engine room), mess, galley, cold store
(engine), telephone, radio, telex
(engineer), dentist, doctor, surgeon
(entry), voyage, journey, trip
(face), bone, skeleton, skull
(fail), expect, anticipate, hope
(failing), operating, functioning, working
(familiar), different, strange, foreign
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Answers of questions No. 41-50

(far), early, late, soon

(fence), area, space, zone
(finish), begin, start, go
(fire), water, extinguisher, blankets
(garage), road, lane, highway
(garden), kitchen, bathroom, bedroom
(gloves), boots, shoes, sandals
(ground), plant, tree, flower
(group), couple, pair, twins
(hand), mouth, eye, nose
(hate), enjoy, like, admire
(heavy), high, wide, long
(help), prohibit, deny, ban
(hide), find, seek, locate
(holiday), week, month, day
(hospital), jail, prison, cell
(hurt), bandage, gauze, plaster
(individual), crew, team, group
(jacket), leather, cotton, polyester
(job), salary, wage, payment
(job), session, meeting, class
(join), cut, divide, slice
(joy), distress, grief, upset
(kite), boat, ship, yacht
(lake), hill, mountain, cliff
(land), ocean, sea, lake
(letter), number, fraction, digit
(lifeguard), lifebuoy, lifeboat, lifejacket
(light), green, brown, yellow
(lighthouse), coastguard, surveyor, pilot
(listen), speak, shout, talk
(local), back, aft, rear
(lose), hire, buy, rent
(maintain), change, modify, alter
(manual), television, radio, computer
(market), park, garden, field
(mat), plate, bowl, saucer
(meat), water, milk, juice
(medication), sickness, illness, disease
(metre), week, day, second
(milk), cow, goat, sheep
(nicenice), small, tiny, little
(none), either, two, both
(ocean), sky, atmosphere, air
(open), close, near, beside
(package), sugar, grain, rice
(pair), individual, person, adult
(paper), copper, steel, iron
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Answers of questions No. 41-50

(patient), doctor, medic, nurse

(pencil), folder, binder, manual
(pill), cut, bruise, break
(pipe), window, glass, mirror
(place), circle, square, triangle
(plate), floor, ceiling, wall
(previously), now, presently, currently
(propeller), whistle, alarm, bell
(purple), soft, hard, smooth
(refrigerator), radiator, boiler, heater
(refuse), order, command, instruct
(road), office, hotel, house
(rudder), port, starboard, aft
(safety), emergency, disaster, accident
(sail), engine, motor, turbine
(sausage), lamb, chicken, fish
(school), restaurant, bar, cafe
(sea), beach, shore, sand
(seagull), fly, insect, bug
(send), get, receive, obtain
(send), haul, tow, drag
(signature), note, letter, message
(silence), chat, discuss, gossip
(sink), torrent, gush, flow
(sister), nephew, uncle, brother
(size), large, big, huge
(sock), cap, hat, helmet
(son), mother, aunt, niece
(soup), wine, beer, whisky
(sport), tennis, basketball, volleyball
(square), height, weight, width
(stand), walk, jog, run
(starboard), margin, border, perimeter
(stone), wood, timber, tree
(stop), navigate, steer, direct
(street), city, town, village
(sun), forest, jungle, desert
(sun), lamp, torch, flashlight
(sunny), overcast, cloudy, foggy
(talking), football, basketball, swimming
(television), book, magazine, newspaper
(tired), timid, shy, quiet
(tune), paragraph, word, sentence
(twelve), tenth, third, twentieth
(ugly), handsome, beautiful, pretty
(umbrella), trousers, jacket, shirt
(unite), divide, split, separate
(wave), snow, rain, sleet
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Answers of questions No. 41-50

(wet), loud, quiet, noisy

(window), bed, table, chair
(wire), silk, wool, cotton
(yoghurt), apple, lemon, orange

____________________________________________________________________________________
Answers of questions No. 51-60

After seven months at sea, Im looking forward to going (on)…

All essential supplies need to arrive (by) …
Are the dangerous goods (on) fire?
Are there any warnings (down) operation?
Are you (on) an even keel?
Ask the Chief (for) the protective gear.
Because of the storm, we were (behind) …
Brief all crew members (on) tropical …
Can you get the fire (under) control?
Check (in) the operations manual.
Check the containers (for) any damage.
Coffee is exported (from) Brazil.
Containers are stored above and (below) deck.
Do a security check (before) departing.
Do not enter the space (without) …
Dont lean (against) the wall.
Examine the fuel pipe (for) leakages.
Go (through) the galley to get to the cold store.
Go (to) the hospital, youre ill!
Has the radar been switched (on)?
Have a rescue team (on) standby.
Have fire patrols ready (in) all areas.
He spent it all (on) video equipment.
He works (on) reefer vessels.
How does this vessel compare (with)…
How long have the Superintendents been (on)…
I advise you change (to) a larger range scale.
I am (in) danger of capsizing.
I am heaving (up) the anchor.
I am not making way (through) the water.
I am on watch (until) 0800 hours.
I expect to refloat (with) tug assistance.
I plan to be (at) sea for at least four months.
I went aground (at) high water.
Im tired (of) these six month contracts.
Is extra power available (in) an emergency?
Is the engine (on) bridge control?
Is there a doctor (on) board?
It is dangerous to anchor (in) your …
It seems to rain most of the time (in) England.
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Answers of questions No. 51-60

It took over an hour to get (out of) the port.

Jump (into) the water and board the liferaft.
Keep a look (out) for wreckage.
Keep going (until) the two lights are in line.
Keep the pilot boat (on) the port side.
Keep the wind (on) the port quarter.
Lower the derrick (over) the pier.
Maintain radio contact (on) VHF channel 15.
Make sure the log book is available (for) …
Make sure you have a lifeline (between) …
Meet (at) the muster station.
Passengers and crew!Follow the lifeboatmen (to) …
Please repeat your position (for) identification.
Prepare to cast (off) the tow line.
Proceed (with) caution.
Pump (out) the ballast water.
Put (down) the receiver when you finish the call.
Put (on) your warm clothing.
Put the safety instructions (on) the wall.
Put the windlass (in) gear.
Replace the liferaft (in) the next port.
Report the time (of) the accident.
Rotterdam (to) Singapore takes about three weeks.
Smoke is coming (from) the engine room.
Stand (by) to receive the towing line.
Store the rope (in) coils.
Switch (off) the fire alarms.
Switch (on) the anchor lights.
The bad weather was coming straight (towards) …
The berth is (opposite) the breakwater.
The boat moved (through) the canal locks.
The bonus was shared evenly (among) the ….
The cabin measures three metres (by) four.
The cargo is loaded (by) cranes.
The Chief Engineer lives (in) Holland.
The city centre is not far (from) the port.
The cook serves lunch (at) 12 noon.
The crew ate chicken (for) lunch.
The crew was (on) shore for most of the day.
The cruise ship set sail (in) heavy seas.
The Customs Officer will be waiting for you (at) …
The direction of the tidal current will change (in) …
The documents are (in) the top drawer.
The engine failed 12 miles (from) port.
The engineering course finishes (in) two weeks.
The First Aid equipment is (behind) the door.
The laundry is located (between) the hospital …
The lifebuoys are (on) the deck railings.
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Answers of questions No. 51-60

The Master was (in) the engine room when …

The next training session is (about) fire fighting.
The ratings messroom is (on) the second deck.
The sea trial was held (off) the coast of Florida.
The storm passed (over) us last night.
The supervisor sat (between) the two engineers.
The tanker was (in) good condition.
The tide is (against) you.
The typhoon is heading (from) the east.
The vessel was in dry dock (for) two weeks.
The vessel will arrive (at) 1300 hours local time.
The vessel will be in Hong Kong (in) three days.
There are fourteen vessels (at) anchor.
There are grab rails all (around) the lifeboat.
There are nets (with) buoys in this area.
There are nine vessels (behind) us in the convoy.
There are no dangerous targets (on) the radar.
There are small fishing boats, in the area (around) ….
There are twenty-five crew members (on) board.
There is something wrong (with) the radar.
They are visiting the agents office (on) …
They are working (under) difficult circumstances.
They continued east until they were (near) …
They do not have enough food (for) the voyage.
They have cut the line (in) half.
They need to pick up the supplies (at) ….
They sell the charts (at) the store.
They showed the training video (in) …
They went (into) town for supplies.
They were able to secure the line (at) time.
They will be leaving (in) two hours.
Theyll be (at) home tomorrow.
This training record book is (for) the Bosun.
Transfer the person to my vessel (by) boat.
Transit will begin (at) 0700 hours.
Turn hard to starboard (at) the first buoy.
Use breathing apparatus (in) the holds.
Use light signals (for) communication.
Visibility is reduced (by) fog.
We arrived (in) Singapore yesterday.
We go (through) the Panama Canal tomorrow.
We have finished (with) the engines.
We have no engine power (at) the moment.
We must meet (by) the lifeboat.
We must sail (around) the buoy.
We need to leave the berth (in) …
We will be in the Pacific (for) five days.
Were going to muster (on) deck at …
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Answers of questions No. 51-60

Were going to the airport (with) the agent.

Weve been at sea (for) three weeks.
Weve been instructed to proceed (into) …
What can you say (about) the incident?
What do you think (about) the proposed route?
What is the anchor position (for) me?
What is the latest information (at) the storm?
What time does the plane (for) London leave?
Which cabin is the Pilot (in) ?
You are (at) anchor in the wrong position.
You are heading (towards) fishing gear.
You are not complying (with) traffic regulations.
You are proceeding (at) a dangerous speed.
You are running (into) danger.There is ….
You must anchor (until) the pilot arrives.
You should check (with) the Master first!

____________________________________________________________________________________
Answers of questions No. 61-70

10.5 litres spilled on deck. (ten and a half)

542 people were on the cruise. (Five hundred and forty-two)
Advance to 2.5 nautical miles …. (two and a half)
Advise you make course 150. (one five zero)
Assistance will arrive within 15 minutes. (a quarter of an hour)
At noon GMT its 0700 hours … (oh seven hundred)
Be ready to go at 9.45 tomorrow morning. (quarter to ten)
Check that the consignment includes 305 … (three hundred and five)
Check that the revolutions per …2,000. (two thousand)
Columbus Day is on 12/10. (October the twelfth)
Columbus landed in America in 1492. (fourteen ninety-two)
Dial 021 on Inmarsat A! (oh two one)
DSC frequency 2187.5 is switched on. (two one eight seven point five)
Each barrel weighs 250 kilos. (two hundred and fifty)
Fire drill is at 11.00 every morning. (eleven o'clock)
For the latest satellite …417305. (four one seven three zero five)
He began his watch at 1600 hours. (sixteen hundred)
He started the company in 1985. (nineteen eighty-five)
He was born in Moscow in 1939. (nineteen thirty-nine)
He won 100,000. (one hundred thousand dollars)
He worked on reefers for three years…. (1988 to 1991)
His contract begins on 4/10. (October the fourth)
His contract runs from 2/10 to 1/4. (October second to April first)
I first sailed in 1951. (nineteen fifty-one)
I was at sea for six months… (February to July)
I was on tankers from 1962 until 1989. (twenty-seven years)
Ill be on watch at 1200 hours. (twelve noon)
Ill meet you in 30 minutes. Ill meet you in (half an hour)
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Answers of questions No. 61-70

Im 47 years old. (forty-seven)

It drifted for 20 miles, or 32.187 km. (around 32 miles)
It takes 60 seconds from … (sixty)
It was 37 degrees Celsius in Madrid last week. (thirty-seven)
It was a good engine, 12,500 HP. (twelve and a half thousand)
It was loaded at the rate of (120 gallons per minute)
It was small, only 1/8 . (an eighth of an inch)
Look at page 90 in the safety … (ninety)
Maintain speed of 15 knots. (fifteen)
More than 1300 seafarers applied …. (thirteen hundred)
Mount Marcy is approximately 750 …. (seven hundred and fifty)
My appointment is scheduled for 12.15 pm. (quarter past twelve)
My birthday is 19/5. Whats … (the ninth of May)
My draft is 12.6 metres. Do not overtake. (twelve point six)
My first job as a deck cadet was in nineteen seventy-six. (1976)
My last vessel was 78,500 … (about eighty thousand tonnes)
My phone number is 99040. (double nine oh four oh)
Next weather report is at 1355 local time. (thirteen fifty-five)
One litre equals 1.76 pints. (one point seven six)
Our contract will end in Rotterdam on the 15/6. (fifteenth of June)
Phone the agent on 63444 when …. (six three treble four)
Report to the bridge at 1.10. (ten past one)
Sunrise will occur at 6.45 am. (quarter to seven)
The 2nd Officer is 33 years old. (thirty-three)
The AB was born in 1961. (nineteen sixty-one)
The accident occurred yesterday …5.30. (five thirty)
The affected area covers 100m. (one hundred square metres)
The application is due on 10/9. (the tenth of September)
The area code is 8617. (eight six one seven)
The barge will be alongside at 10.00 am. (ten o'clock)
The Bosun and the Pumpman were born in 1956. (nineteen fifty-six)
The captain ordered us to be on board by 1400. (two o'clock)
The car cost 23,600. (twenty-three thousand six hundred dollars)
The cargo on board weighs 5500 …. (fifty-five hundred)
The chart indicated 26 metres of water. (twenty-six)
The Chief Officer is 46 tomorrow. (forty-six)
The company employed over 1,250 … (twelve hundred and fifty)
The company was started in 1909. (nineteen oh nine)
The cook has ordered 16 kilos of fish. (sixteen)
The cost of replacing …1145. (one thousand one hundred and forty-five dollars)
The door frame is 1.9m high. (almost two metres)
The e-mail was sent at 0755. (seven fifty-five)
The equipment operates at 220 volts. (two hundred and twenty)
The Evening Watch is 1600 - 2000. (sixteen hundred hours)
The exchange rate at the …1.55. (one point five five)
The ferry can carry 75 vehicles. (seventy-five)
The flight from Barcelona arrives at 9.20. (twenty past nine)
The interest on the loan is 6.7 APR. (six point seven per cent)
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____________________________________________________________________________________
Answers of questions No. 61-70

The interest rate dropped to 6.5 … (six point five percent)

The list shows 133 barrels of oil. (one hundred and thirty-three)
The machinery operates at 125 … (one hundred and twenty-five)
The Masters birthday is on June the 7th. (seventh)
The maximum speed is 100km/hr. (one hundred)
The meeting will take place in 45 minutes. (forty-five)
The navigation light is 45 degrees to port. (forty-five)
The next full moon is on 8/8. (August the eighth)
The nitrogen level is 41.4. (forty-one point four per cent)
The overall length …158.45m. (one hundred and fifty-eight point four five metres)
The phone number is Geneva 55403. (double five four oh three)
The pilot boats bearing is 215 degrees true from you. (two one five)
The pilot instructed the …175. (one seven five)
The serial number for the engine part ended in six digits. (871130)
The ship ran aground 0.75 kms …. (three quarters of a kilometre)
The ship was built in the early 60s. (sixties)
The shipment includes 565 drums … (five hundred and sixty-five)
The ships computer has 520 …. (five hundred and twenty)
The site of the new …1,850 (one thousand eight hundred and fifty)
The tanker arrived at 1630. (half past four)
The temperature is -10 degrees Celsius. (minus ten)
The temperature reached 81 degrees … (eighty-one)
The temperatures in the Baltic …-25. (minus twenty-five)
The ticket cost 189 dollars. (one hundred and eighty-nine)
The tide turns at 8.00 pm. (eight o'clock this evening)
The total cost of the …2,500,000. (two and a half million dollars)
The train for Geneva departs at 1800. (6 o'clock in the evening)
The training video will be shown at 9.40. (twenty to ten)
The tugs have been delayed by one hour. …2.50. (ten to three)
The vessel must complete the 60-60 Turn. (sixty sixty)
The video lasts approximately 90 minutes. (ninety)
The volume is measured in cm . (cubic centimetres)
Their contract begins on August 20. (twentieth)
There are 1,500 seafarers currently … (one thousand five hundred)
There are about 40,000,000 people in Spain. (forty million)
There have been 472 applicants… (four hundred and seventy-two)
They drove for 512 miles. (over five hundred)
They have loaded 195 cars already. (one hundred and ninety-five)
They have worked 40 hours overtime this month. (forty)
They left for the airport at 2300. (11 o'clock last night)
They traded by sea in the 1700s. (seventeen hundreds)
They were waiting for 45 minutes. (three quarters of an hour)
They will disembark on the 26th. (twenty-sixth)
This diskette holds 1.44 megabytes. (one point four four)
This is the 18th accident this year. (eighteenth)
This vessel was delivered in October 1996. (nineteen ninety-six)
Three months of …4,609 kilos. ("four thousand six hundred and nine)
Time and number (half past twelve)
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____________________________________________________________________________________
Answers of questions No. 61-70

Today is Monday. They will depart in two days on . (Tuesday)

Today is Wednesday the fifth, yesterday was. (Tuesday the fourth)
Transit speed is twelve knots. (12)
Tropical storm warning for West Florida at 1430 …. (fourteen thirty)
VHF DSC channel 70 is switched on. (seventy)
We are approximately 200 metres from the shore. (two hundred)
We are in Lagos for four days, from . (Tuesday until Friday)
We are scheduled to arrive on 1/3. (the first of March)
We expect the vessel to depart on June the 15th. (fifteenth)
We have to move 300 metres ahead. (three hundred)
We have training at 2.00 pm every day. (two o'clock)
We loaded 500 tonnes …1200 in total. (twelve hundred)
We must return to the vessel by 7.30 pm. (half past seven in the evening)
We should arrive on the 30th of November. (thirtieth)
We unloaded 4,700 tonnes of steel. (four thousand seven hundred)
We were in convoy for 12.5 hours. (twelve and a half)
We worked at the weekend, both . (Saturday and Sunday)
We worked for nearly 36 hours. (thirty-six)
When we crossed the equator, it was 111… (one hundred and eleven)
Winds are expected to exceed 95 km/hr. (ninety-five)
Winds of 50-80 miles per …. (fifty to eighty)
Yesterday was Tuesday, today is . (Wednesday)
Your hotel number is 2947. (twenty-nine forty-seven)
Your station in convoy will be number 4. (four)
Zero degrees Farenheit -18 C. (Minus eighteen degrees Celsius)

____________________________________________________________________________________
Answers of questions No. 71-75

(Are you altered) underway?

(Are you leaving) tomorrow or Friday?
(Are you ready) for the Pilots arrival?
(Are you ready) to order the supplies?
(Are) the engines ready?
(Are) the temperature recorders in the holds operational?
(Can you understand) whats being said?
(Can) we connect the loading arm?
(Can) you fix it before departure?
(Can) you repair the damage?
(Did you forget) to carry a spare face mask?
(Did you report) the damage immediately?
(Did you speak) to the Superintendent about the pumps?
(Did you) practise the fire drill yesterday?
(Do you carry) any dangerous goods?
Do you know (the destination)?
(Do you need) a bandage for that cut?
(Do you understand) the standing orders?
(Do you want) fish or chicken?
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____________________________________________________________________________________
Answers of questions No. 71-75

(Do you want) navigational assistance?

(Does) the fire party have breathing apparatus?
(Does) the helmsman understand English?
(Has he met) the Training Manager before?
(Has he) charted the route yet?
(Has) everybody got a training record book?
(Have you altered) course?
(Have you located) the fire extinguishers nearest your cabin?
(Have you locked) the door to the ships hospital?
(Have you read) the companys safety manual?
(Have) they had the propeller fixed yet?
(How are you feeling) today?
(How did) the engineer break his arm?
(How did) they travel to Singapore?
(How far is it) to Rotterdam?
(How far) is it from Paris to London?
(How is) the cable leading?
(How long) does it take to get to Stockholm?
(How long) does it take to take to change the engine from ahead to astern?
(How long) have you lived in Odessa?
How many containers (are there)?
How many crew members (are there)?
(How many) fire extinguishers are in the galley?
(How many) of the crew have been sick this month?
(How many) passengers are on board?
(How many) reefer plugs does the vessel have?
(How many) shackles are left?
(How many) tonnes of oil can you take?
(How many) tonnes of steel are booked?
(How many) tonnes were loaded?
How much (does it cost)?
(How much time) will you need to finish loading?
(How much) ballast can the vessel take?
(How much) cable is out?
(How much) do they need for expenses?
(How much) water is in your vessel?
(How near) is the airport to the oil terminal?
(How) did you travel?
(How) do I adjust the range?
(How) do I get from the terminal to the airport?
(How) long will it take to send the spares to Japan?
(How) was your position obtained?
I (May) I have your manoeuvring data?
(Is everything in order)?
(Is it necessary) to report this incident?
(Is there anyone) still on board?
(Is there) extra power available in an emergency?
(Is there) sufficient depth of water?
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____________________________________________________________________________________
Answers of questions No. 71-75

(Is your vessel equipped) for GMDSS?

(Is) a medical examination required?
(Is) damage control material available?
(Is) the certificate of survey available and complete?
(Is) the engine diesel or turbine?
(Is) the VHF signal strong?
(Is) the wind expected to change?
Its an interesting place, (isn't it?)
(Must I take a pilot)?
(Was he) on duty last night?
(Was there) a problem with the engine earlier?
What (does the signal mean)?
What (is) your full speed?
(What are located) my berthing instructions?
(What are) the maximum revolutions astern?
(What is your draught)?
(What is) on fire?
(What is) the air change rate of the ventilators?
(What is) the hold capacity of your vessel?
(What is) the local time?
(What is) the maximum manoeuvring power ahead?
(What is) the nature of the sea bottom?
(What is) the number of casualties?
(What is) the size of the leak?
(What is) the weather like in the Baltic today?
(What is) wrong with the pilot ladder?
(What is) your latest gale warning?
(What is) your position?
What kind of assistance (do you require)?
What time (did the accident occur)?
(What time are you duty?) on duty?
(What time does) the flight leave?
(What time) did he start his watch?
(What time) did the accident happen?
(What) cargo are you carrying?
(What) course do you advise?
(What) part of your vessel is aground?
(What) safety equipment do you need to inspect?
(What) safety gear do you need?
(What) signals are used in an emergency?
(What) type of wine do you like?
(What's) the heading now?
(When did) the rudder get fixed?
(When did) the storm hit last night?
(When is) the next safety training session?
(When is) your birthday?
(When was) the last man-overboard drill?
(When was) the last safety training session?
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____________________________________________________________________________________
Answers of questions No. 71-75

(When was) the last time you visited New Orleans?

(When will the pilot arrive)?
(When will) you arrive at the distress position?
(When) are you due to depart?
(When) does the flight leave for Dubai?
(When) will crude oil washing start?
(When) will the assistance arrive?
(When) will the pilot embark?
(Where are you from)?
(Where are) the explosives stored?
(Where do you expect) to go next?
(Where has) your vessel come from?
(Where is) the hospital on board?
(Where is) the officers messroom?
(Where's) the Chief Engineer?
(Which is) your favourite country?
(Which) safety manual should I refer to?
(Who do you think) will get the job?
(Who was) on watch yesterday at 1030?
(Who) has contacted the pilot?
(Who) has painted the mast?
(Who) needs medical first aid?
(Who) sent us that e-mail?
(Who) will provide slings?
Why (are the lights flashing)?
(Why were) you late for your watch this morning?
(Would you get) that chart for me, please?
(Would you) make sure the radio room is locked?
You were with another crew on your last contract, (weren't you)?

____________________________________________________________________________________
Answers of questions No. 76-85

(aches), chest, chief, reach

(anchor), winching, beaches, launches
(anchorage), searching, church, such
(any), station, taking, daily
(are), spare, fair, wear
(back), lake, drain, crane
(barge), fare, hair, dare
(bear), east, tree, sea
(bill), mile, style, while
(blow), crew, blue, few
(bone), lock, bond, knock
(bought), loud, round, south
(bought), safe, rough, off
(bread), break, steak, great
(break), screen, seem, beam
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____________________________________________________________________________________
Answers of questions No. 76-85

(busy), summer, butter, bunker

(calm), salad, told, mild
(can), change, same, rain
(cancel), locker, speaker, anchor
(cell), cube, case, call
(cent), current, carry, cool
(channel), chain, chemical, cheese
(chlorine), check, choose, chair
(chrome), change, child, chip
(climb), Bosun, below, above
(cloth), soak, clothes, boat
(cod), load, code, hose
(cold), cereal, sent, central
(cold), should, wood, could
(comb), boiler, combine, cab
(comb), fruit, rude, cool
(course), halt, haul, cough
(crane), mass, fat, clan
(cylinder), coal, cargo, container
(danger), master, harness, carbon
(death), team, cream, breathe
(deck), tea, be, fee
(done), foam, bone, dome
(drip), fight, bite, sight
(drop), move, lose, choose
(dull), full, book, cook
(dune), drum, fun, son
(easy), pleasant, question, messroom
(eye), deck, let, next
(far), air, pear, care
(far), storm, war, form
(file), fill, will, silt
(flare), mark, sharp, far
(food), flood, crude, rude
(good), mud, flood, blood
(half), halt, plan, slow
(height), eight, paint, weight
(hold), stop, taught, yacht
(honest), head, hospital, hurt
(hour), hold, harbour, hand
(hour), ounce, drown, hoist
(hourly), higher, heavy, hatches
(hull), foot, put, pull
(June), sunk, monk, junk
(keel), knew, knot, net
(knee), back, coke, crew
(knife), kind, keep, kick
(knot), keel, king, key
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 Marlins English Test Trainer v1.09.01 (Freeware) by Googleload.com
____________________________________________________________________________________
Answers of questions No. 76-85

(know), kilo, Kuwait, kill

(laden), spanner, hazard, travel
(lamb), verb, crab, knob
(learn), mean, team, seen
(learn), reef, feet, east
(limb), sign, climb, wine
(lonely), funny, money, sunny
(love), off, cough, soft
(major), manner, matching, massive
(many), matter, manning, happy
(me), mess, test, debt
(meaning), heading, weather, ready
(mile), nil, fill, fist
(mixing), mining, writing, riding
(much), ache, lock, track
(night), ate, freight, chase
(not), nose, load, code
(out), flew, school, loop
(paid), said, dead, fed
(palm), oil, film, hold
(panic), peace, chance, cycle
(phone), repeat, approach, passage
(photo), pilot, apple, clip
(physical), departure, captain, copper
(pick), phrase, phone, fine
(plumber), lifeboat, Brazil, timber
(pneumatic), sleep, passport, stamp
(pouch), joint, boy, soil
(pretty), sender, getting, jetty
(proud), soup, rule, blue
(prove), both, goes, those
(raft), flame, date, play
(red), we, see, feed
(repair), metre, leader, anchor
(rice), mark, sick, lock
(rise), list, miss, wrist
(round), clue, spool, group
(rush), bush, look, could
(safe), draft, graph, laugh
(said), laid, train, wait
(same), mask, plant, craft
(same), stand, land, gram
(scene), school, scare, sky
(sew), true, screw, shoot
(shallow), stalling, calling, taller
(share), gear, pier, clear
(shore), cod, squad, clock
(shot), poll, snow, whole
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____________________________________________________________________________________
Answers of questions No. 76-85

(shoulder), couple, compass, trouble

(sir), fire, right, buy
(skill), line, child, sight
(slip), type, slide, tied
(smoke), dock, rock, stop
(spare), car, bark, farm
(stamp), fail, drain, plane
(stove), fun, come, sump
(sun), glue, tool, chew
(swim), mile, dive, fly
(talk), pole, sold, bulk
(Thailand), Thursday, thirsty, thermal
(their), piece, team, fleet
(though), rough, tough, enough
(thumb), able, submarine, double
(toe), to, too, two
(tool), coin, toy, void
(tune), rub, duct, flush
(wash), bad, catch, span
(water), safe, gate, rating
(wear), leak, meet, seat
(whose), stole, rode, hope
(wild), drill, spill, build
(winch), crime, sign, blind
(would), round, mouth, out

____________________________________________________________________________________
Answers of questions No. 86-95

A (Move) the pilot ladder clear...

A stowaway (has been found)...
A tropical storm (has been hitting)...
Any changes (would) appear...
Are the sea conditions expected (to change)?
(Are there) any dangers to...
(Are you joining) us later...
(Are) the new crew members ...
As soon as I have further information I (will make)...
Attention! (Make use) of the hand...
Be careful (not to slip) on the...
Be careful! A small amount of oil (has spilled)...
Before departure all non-seagoing visitors (must leave)...
(Beware of) those bare wires...
Boarding arrangements (do not comply)...
Children (must be kept) under...
Close and (secure) the hatch...
(Do not enter) the Traffic Lane.
(Do not leave) the hatch cover open.
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____________________________________________________________________________________
Answers of questions No. 86-95

(Do not push) each other when...

(Do you accept) shore-based navigational...
(Don't panic!) Everything is...
Dont start until you (have received)...
Fishing gear (has) fouled...
Gale warnings (are) in operation...
(Go) to your lifeboat...
Have you (seen) the Chief...
His last contract (was) for...
Hurry! The ship (does not stay)...
I (am waiting) for clearance...
I (am) altering course...
I (have been sailing) all...
I (have collided) with an...
I (will complete) the manoeuvre ...
I (would advise) you approach ...
I (wouldn't go) that way if I were...
I always (going) ashore when...
I am (coming) to your...
I am (reversing) my engine slow...
I am ready (to receive) you.
I cannot (keep) my present course.
I do (not have) radar.
(I have located) you on my radar...
I suggest that you first (speak)...
If there is a problem, (make) sure ...
If you miss the flight, you (will miss)...
Investigators (are trying) to find...
Is the cargo ready (to load)?
(Is) the wind speed expected...
(Is) your radar working?
It (has been) five months since...
It is necessary (to pass) the safety ...
Its your job (to make sure) the gangway...
Lifejackets (are stored) in your cabins.
Only twelve people (can fit)...
Operate the lifeboat engine and0then (report)...
(Press) the red button if there...
Protective clothing (is) issued...
(Pull) the handle down to open...
(Put) the helm hard to starboard...
(Reduce) the pressure in the...
Reefer holds (must be inspected)...
Safety shoes (will be) worn ...
Safety standards (have improved) ...
Sea conditions are expected (to change).
Several vessels (were damaged) ...
Ships (are coming) to our rescue.
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____________________________________________________________________________________
Answers of questions No. 86-95

Some fires (occur) because of ...

Sound) the alarms immediately!
(Stop) in your present position...
Thanks. Your message (was received).
That route (will take) approximately...
The 2nd Officer (is steering) the...
The agent (is helping) the crew.
The agent (will be) here soon.
The anchors (have been) secured.
The Chief Engineer (has reported)...
The cook (forgot) to turn off...
The cook often (serves) soup at...
The crew (is fighting) the fire...
The damage (was caused by) a fire...
The deck (needs to be painted) as soon...
The engine room (is manned) 24 hours...
The engineers usually (meet) in the...
The ETA (was changed) to 1100...
The fire (didn't start) in the...
The fire broke out when we (started)...
The fire party (must have) breathing...
The injured man (must see) a doctor.
The lights (were) on at the pilot...
The lights are off when the ship (leaves)...
The Master and the Chief Officer (have worked)...
The pilot ladder (has)...
The pilot station (requires)...
The price of crude oil (has gone)...
The report (included) details of the accident.
The safety manuals (were issued)...
The ship will be (leaving)...
The Suez Canal (took) ten years...
The tanker (is) less than five...
The tanker entered the port after (waiting)...
The vessel (has not arrived)...
The vessel (was built) in 1989.
There (are) fenders on the berth.
There (is) a lot of weight...
These slings (do not permit) safe...
They (are spending) the night...
They (had been) at sea for ..
They (have been) unloading...
They (have driven) 400 miles...
They have (switched) on the anchor...
This (will be) a very busy day.
This vessel only (operates)...
Two ratings (have decided)...
Vessels (must avoid) this area.
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A B C’s of H 2S &
S C B A C ours e
O’kehinde O. Elufowoju
C O URSE O B J E C TIV ES
A fter c o m pletin g this c o urs e, p articip a nts
are e x p e cte d to:

• Have learnt the basic knowledge about

Hydrogen Sulphide or H2S gas
• Understand the hazards or effects of
Hydrogen Sulphide to individuals exposed
to it
• Be able to protect themselves from the
hazards of Hydrogen Sulphide
 H 2 S / B A C o urs e
Course Outline Duration

Registration, Opening Remarks, Distribute Materials 5 minutes

Video: Hydrogen Sulphide – A Matter of Life or Death 20 minutes

Element 1: Introduction 5 minutes

Element 2: What is H2S? 5 minutes

Element 3: Where do you find H2S? 5 minutes

Element 4: Properties of H2S 10 minutes

 H 2 S / B A C o urs e
Course Outline Duration

Element 5: Detection of H2S 5 minutes

Element 6: Protection Against H2S Hazards 5 minutes

Element 7: Rescue Procedures 5 minutes

Element 8: Safety Measures 5 minutes

Break 10 minutes

SCBA: Parts, Inspection, Donning, Doffing, Storage 30 minutes

Written Test, Documentation 10 minutes

H 2 S S afety
Delivery will consist of classroom
theory and practical exercises.

This will allow for total integration of

competence, knowledge, thinking
skills, and correct procedures.
H 2 S S afety
Instructor will demonstrate the pre-
checks, donning, and repacking of
the type of SCBA units on your
location.

Instructor will demonstrate the use

& care of the type of hand held gas
monitors on your location.
Hydrogen Hydrogen

Sulphur
• Lead Acetate Coated
Strips
• Electronic Portable
Detectors
• Pump type air
sampling detector
tubes
• Fixed electronic H2S
sensors
• Wet chemistry
• Gas chromatography
• Personnel training programs

• Personnel drills
• Adequate & proper placement of
safety equipment

• Emergency procedures
• Adherence of all safe work practices

• When there is a potential H2S hazard,

the employee shall use the provided
respiratory protection in accordance
with instructions and training received.
T w o C o m m on T yp e of
Bre a thing A pp ara tus

• a) Self Contained Breathing Apparatus

This type of apparatus provides air from a
cylinder worn on the back.
A commonly used cylinder will supply air for
30 minutes.
Other cylinders are available for longer or
shorter durations.
B re athin g A p p aratu s

• b) Supplied Air – Breathing Apparatus

This is a variation of the self-contained
breathing apparatus when the back –
mounted cylinder is replaced by a
cascade cylinder connected by a hose
line to the demand valve on the
wearer’s body.
S u p plie d A ir – B re athin g A p p aratu s
While the supplied air unit is lighter to
wear, it restricts movement to the length
of hose.
Sp e cial Proble m s In
R e s pir a t or U s e

• Facial Hair
• Contact Lenses
• Corrective Spectacles
• Psychological Disturbances
• Miscellaneous Sealing
Problems
H o w Do e s H2S
A ff e c t In divid u a ls
• DURATION
• FREQUENCY
• INTENSITY
• INDIVIDUAL SUSCEPTIBILITY

Individuals who have consumed alcohol

within 24 hours of exposure have been
overcome by unusually small
concentrations.
A c c e pt a ble E x posure Limits

TLV / PEL / OEL

10 ppm

This is the maximum allowable amount

that a worker can be exposed to over a
40--hr working week without any adverse
40
effect.
A c c e pt a ble E x posure Limits

STEL (Short Term Exposure Limit)

15 ppm

This is the maximum concentration that

a worker can be safely exposed for 15
minutes, maximum of 4 times per day
with at least 1-hour period of rest
between each exposure.
• Don rescue breathing apparatus
(30 min. SCBA)

• Remove the victim immediately to fresh air

• If breathing, maintain victim at rest,

administer O2
.
• If not breathing, start CPR

• Call ambulance & get victim

medical treatment

• Keep airway open, treat for shock,

do not leave unattended.

• If eyes are affected, wash thoroughly.

S afe ty M e a sure s
1. When approaching the jobsite:
a) Observe condition signs &
audio / visual alarms
b) Check for wind direction
c) Look for personnel & their
activity
d) Enter the jobsite slowly
S a f e t y M e a s ur e s – c o n t.
2. Minimum 2 defined alternate escape
routes
3. “No
No Smoking”
Smoking regulations strictly enforced
S a f e t y M e a s ur e s – c o n t.
4. An H2S awareness training program &
drills
5. Continuous atmosphere monitoring or
detection equipment is required along
with an adequate audio / visual alarm
system.
S a f e t y M e a s ur e s – c o n t.
6. Strategically placed explosion – proof
mechanical ventilators reduce H2S
exposure.

7. Use the “ B u d d y S y ste m”

m at all
times
S a f e t y M e a s ur e s – c o n t.
8. Avoid low lying areas.

9. Maintain & observe warning signs /

barriers.

10.Post emergency numbers & maintain

reliable communication systems.
S a f e t y M e a s ur e s – c o n t.
11. Train on the type of breathing apparatus
on your locations.

12. Know the location of your Muster Areas &

your procedures.
S a f e t y M e a s ur e s – c o n t.
13.Control Hazardous H2S concentrations
by administration & engineering
controls.

14.Know your company’s H2S Emergency

Procedures.
DO N O T PA NIC

1) Hold your breath

2) Don breathing apparatus & Follow
your assigned emergency procedures.
Go Upwind/crosswind - diagonally
3) Help anyone in distress

4) Report to your emergency station

 Marlins English Test Trainer v1.09.01 (Freeware) by Googleload.com
____________________________________________________________________________________
Answers of questions No. 86-95
Warning! (Do not drink) sea water.
We (are) going to an anchorage.
We (have known) each other...
We (have put) a man on lookout.
We (have) radio contact with...
We (met) last year at the...
We (received) our passes...
We (will be) in New York...
We are ready (to get) underway.
We have (to load) this cargo ...
We have located) an oil spill ...
Wear) your safety shoes on deck.
What maximum speeds (are expected)...
What precautions do they (advise)?
What problems (do you have)?
What range scale (are you using)?
When did you (starting work)...
Where did you (buy) your computer?
Why (are you checking) that cargo?
You (are approaching) a prohibited...
You (are approaching) the starboard...
You (are getting) closer to the vessel...
You (can stow) poisonous and flammable...
You (must bring) your immersion suit.
You (will) meet crossing traffic in...
You now (have) the watch.
Your actions (will be reported)...
____________________________________________________________________________________
Answers of questions No. 96
“Bunkering”
1. to eliminate
2. tensioned
3. same precautions
4. thoroughly understood
5. co-operate

“Bunkering”
1. determine the amount
2. cargo operations
3. dry material
4. all the times
5. detection of leakage

“Bunkering”
1. sufficient size
2. blanked
3. completely familiar
4. freely and safely
5. to make sure
____________________________________________________________________________________
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 Marlins English Test Trainer v1.09.01 (Freeware) by Googleload.com
____________________________________________________________________________________
Answers of questions No. 96

“Vessel Security”
1. responsibility
2. brought inboard
3. at all times
4. must advise
5. around the ship

“Vessel Security”
1. when not in use
2. by ship personnel
3. limiting access
4. alongside
5. known to exist

“Vessel Security”
1. Special arrangements
2. should be scrutinised
3. before sailing
4. a problem
5. gangway

“Ship Fire”
1. discovering
2. will direct
3. assess
4. can be dealt with
5. fire hoses

“Ship Fire”
1. resulted
2. normally be the case
3. ensure that
4. to minimise the risk
5. greater risk and

“Vapour”
1. a wide variety
2. health hazard
3. control
4. protection against
5. particularly necessary

“Chemical Fire”
1. to remain
2. put into action
3. considerations
4. in the form of
5. be available
____________________________________________________________________________________
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