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IW113 - Module1

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15 views3 pages

IW113 - Module1

Uploaded by

maria
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TECHNICAL DRAFTING REVIEWER

Lesson 1: Drafting Material and Tools/Drawing Instruments


Drawing Paper- that is specially prepared for use in drafting.

Masking Tape- This is for fastening the drawing paper on the drawing table or drawing board because it
does not damage the board and it will not damage the paper if it is removed by pulling off.

Pencil Sharpener- Pencil should be sharpened whenever they show sign of dullness.

Eraser - This is to clean the dirt off the drawing. A soft eraser is advantageous in removing smudges and
pencil marks. Whereas a harder eraser is useful for making changes and correcting errors in the drawing.

Drawing Pencil - This in one of the most important tools in drawing.

3 TYPES OF PENCIL

Hard pencil - are used where extreme accuracy is required especially working on graphs, diagrams and
charts.

Medium pencil– are used for general purpose work in drawing.

Soft pencil– are too soft to be used in mechanical drafting.

Triangular Scales - This is a tool generally used when reproducing a drawing in an enlarged or reduced
form to some regular proportion.

Erasing Shield - This tool is made up of metal with irregular holes. It is a useful tool to protect the rest of
the drawing when clearing up smudges, unnecessary pencil lines and other erasures.

DRAWING INSTRUMENTS

Drawing instruments are used for drawing and designing purposes. Their quality is very essential if

you want to have good result. Cheaper drawing tools and instruments do not only provide poor

quality results but also do not last long. You must observe proper handling and care if you want

them.

T-Square- It is a drawing instrument used when making horizontal lines. It is also used for guiding
triangles when drawing vertical lines.

(3) types of T-squares, namely:

Fixed Head - The head is fastened to the blade. It is used for ordinary work.

Movable Head or Adjustable Head - It has one fixed and one adjustable head and used only for

occasional drawing.
Detachable Head or Removable Head - It is designed for comfort when carrying the T-square.

Triangle- It is a three-sided ruler, which typically has two equal sides meeting at a 90-degree angle and
to a third side at 45, 30, including 60-degree angles.

a. 30 degrees X 60 degrees

b. 45 degrees X 45 degrees

Compass- This drawing instrument is used when drawing arcs and circles.

Divider- This is a drawing instrument used when transferring measurements, dividing lines and arcs into
the desired number of equal parts.

Protractor- It is a semi-circular instrument divided into 180 equal parts, each of which is called a degree.
It is used to determine gradations of the degrees when measuring arcs, angles and circles.

Drawing table- It is a multi-angle desk which can be used in different angle according to the user
requisite.

Irregular Curves (French curves)- French curves are used to draw oblique curves other than circles or
circular arc, they are irregular set of templates.

Lesson 2: Freehand Lines and Lettering


Freehand Sketching

1. Straight Line
2. Large Circle
3. Arc

Steps in Sketching

1. Block in main shape.

2. Locate the features.

3. Sketch arcs and circle.

4. Sketch lines.

Lettering - capital letters are preferred to lower case letters since they are easier to read on reduced size
drawing prints although lower case letters are used where they form of a symbol or an abbreviation.
Lesson 3: Alphabet of Lines

ALPHABET OF LINES
Visible line – a thick line that represents the visible edges or outline of the object; also known as
the object line.
Hidden line – a medium thick line composed of short dashes about 2-3 millimeters long with
space between dashes about 1-2 millimeters wide; it represents the surface or edges that
cannot be seen.
Center line – a thin line consisting of two long dashes and short dash drawn alternately with a
gap of at least 2 millimeters in between; it represents the axis or center of symmetrical shapes
like a ball, washer, rectangular block, cube.

Section line – a thin lines to show the surface that has been cut; they are spaced evenly at 45
degrees with the horizontal to make shaded effect.
Extension line – a thin line that extends from the object in order to show dimension limits.
Dimension line – a thin line with an arrowhead in one end used to indicate the measurements
of the object.
Long-break line – a medium thick line consisting of broken and straight lines drawn alternately.
This is also known as the limiting line.
Short-break line – thick line drawn in freehand to show details that a part has been cut off or
broken out.
Leader line – a short inclined thin line with an arrowhead at the end and short horizontal line on
the other end.
Phantom line – a thin line that shows position(s) of part of an object that moves drawn by two
short dashes and one long dash.

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