Mathematics - Extended Part (M2)

Past Papers Questions

2. System of Linear Equations

(1991-AL-P MATH 1 #03) (4 marks)

3. Consider the following system of linear equations:
x + 2y + z = 1
x + y + 2z = 2
− y + q2 z = q

Determine all values of q for each of the following cases:

(a) The system has no solution.

(b) The system has infinitely many solutions.

(1992-AL-P MATH 1 #01) (6 marks)

1. Consider the following system of linear equations:
x + (t + 3)y + 5z = 3
(*) −3x + 9y − 15z = s
2x + ty + 10z = 6

(a) If (*) is consistent, find s and t .

(b) Solve (*) when it is consistent.

(1993-AL-P MATH 1 #03) (6 marks)

1 Suppose the following system of linear equation is consistent:
ax + b y + cz = 1
bx + cy + az = 1
(*) , where a , b , c ∈ R .
cx + a y + bz = 1
x + y + z = 3

(a) Show that a + b + c = 1 .

(b) Show that (*) has a unique solution if and only if a , b and c are not all equal.

(c) If a = b = c , solve (*) .

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(1994-AL-P MATH 1 #02) (6 marks)

1. Consider the following system of linear equations:
4x + 3y + z = λx
(*) 3x − 4y + 7z = λy
x + 7y − 6z = λz

Suppose λ is an integer and (*) has nontrivial solutions.

Find λ and solve (*) .

(1994-AL-P MATH 1 #09) (15 marks)

9. (a) Consider
a11 x + a12 y + a13 z = 0 a11 x + a12 y + a13 = 0
(I) : a 21 x + a 22 y + a 23 z = 0 and (II) : a 21 x + a 22 y + a 23 = 0 .
a 31 x + a 32 y + a 33 z = 0 a 31 x + a 32 y + a 33 = 0

(i) Show that if (I) has a unique solution, then (II) has no solution.
(ii) Show that (u, v) is a solution of (II) if and only if (ut, vt, t) are solutions of (I) for all t ∈ R .
(iii) If (II) has no solution and (I) has nontrivial solutions, what can you say about the solutions of (I) ?

(b) Consider
−(3 + k)x + y − z = 0
(III) : −7x + (5 − k)y − z = 0
−6x + 6y + (k − 2)z = 0

and
−(3 + k)x + y − 1 = 0
(IV) : −7x + (5 − k)y − 1 = 0
−6x + 6y + (k − 2) = 0

(i) Find the values of k for which (III) has non-trivial solutions.
(ii) Find the values of k for which (IV) is consistent. Solve (IV) for each of these values of k .
(iii) Solve (III) for each k such that (III) has non-trivial solutions.

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(1995-AL-P MATH 1 #09) (15 marks)

9. Consider the following system of linear equations
2x + 2y − z = k
(S) : h x − 3y − z = 0
−3x + h y + z = 0

and
6x + 6y − 3z = 2
hx − 3y − z = 0
(T) :
−3x + hy + z = 0
−5x − 2y + 6z = h

(a) Show that (S) has a unique solution if and only if h 2 ≠ 9 . Solve (S) in this case.

(b) For each of the following cases, find the value(s) of k for which (S) is consistent, and solve (S) :
(i) h =3 ,
(ii) h =−3 .

(c) Find the values of h for which (T) is consistent. Solve (T) for each of these values of h .

(1996-AL-P MATH 1 #05) (6 marks)

Z + Y = a
1. (a) Solve Z + X = b for X , Y and Z .
Y + X = c

(b) If a + b − c > 0 , b + c − a > 0 and c + a − b > 0 ,

xy + xz = a
solve xy + yz = b for x , y and z .
x z + yz = c

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(1996-AL-P MATH 1 #09) (15 marks)

9. Consider the system of linear equations

{x + y + 2z
x + 2y − z = 3
(*) :
= 4

(a) Solve (*) .

(b) Find the solutions of (*) that satisfy x y + y z + z x = 2 .

(c) Find all possible values of a and λ ( a , λ ∈ R ) so that

x + 2y − z = 3
x + y + 2z = 4
ax + y + z = λ

is solvable.

(d) Using (b), or otherwise, find all possible values of a and λ ( a , λ ∈ R ) so that
x + 2y − z = 3
x + y + 2z = 4
xy + yz + z x = 2
ax + y + z = λ

has at least one solution.

(1997-AL-P MATH 1 #03) (6 marks)

3. Suppose the system of linear equations
λx + ky = 0
(*) −λy + z = 0
x + ky + z = 0

has nontrivial solutions.

(a) Show that λ satisfies the equation λ 2 + k λ − k = 0 .

(b) If the quadratic equations in λ in (a) has equal roots, find k .

Solve (*) for each of these values of k .

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(1997-AL-P MATH 1 #08) (15 marks)

8. Consider the following two systems of linear equations:
(a + 1)x + 2y − 2z = 0
(S) : x + ay + 2z = 0
3x − y + (a − 7)z = 0

(a + 1)x + 2y − 2z = 6
(T) : x + ay + 2z = 5b − 1
3x − y + (a − 7)z = 1−b

(a) If (S) has infinitely many solutions, find all the values of a . Solve (S) for each of these values of a .

(b) For the smallest value of a found in (a), find the values of b so that (T) is consistent. Solve (T) for these
values of a and b .

(c) Solve the system of equations

−x + 2y − 2 z = 6
x − 2y + 2 z = −6
3x − y − 9 z = 2
3x − 4y − z = −11

(1998-AL-P MATH 1 #01) (6 marks)

1. Consider the system of linear equations
2x + y + 2z = 0
(*) x + (k + 1)z = 0
kx − y + 4z = 0

Suppose (*) has infinitely many solutions.

(a) Find k .

(b) Solve (*) .

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(1998-AL-P MATH 1 #08) (15 marks)

8. Consider the system of linear equations in
a x + y + bz = 1
(E) : x + a y + bz = 1
x + y + a bz = b

(a) Show that (E) has a unique solution if and only if a ≠ − 2 , a ≠ 1 and b ≠ 0 . Solve (E) in this case.

(b) For each of the following cases, determine the value(s) of b for which (E) is consistent. Solve (E) in each
case.
(i) a =−2 ,
(ii) a =1 .

(c) Determine whether (E) is consistent or not for b = 0 .

(1999-AL-P MATH 1 #01) (6 marks)

1. Suppose the system of linear equations
x + y − λz = 0
(*) x + λy − z = 0
λx + y − z = 0

has non-trivial solutions.

(a) Find all values of λ .

(b) Solve (*) for each of the values of λ obtained in (a).

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(1999-AL-P MATH 1 #08) (15 marks)

8. Consider the system of linear equations
x + λy + z = λ
(E) : 3x − y + (λ + 2)z = 7 where λ ∈ R .
x − y + z = 3

(a) Show that (E) has a unique solution if and only if λ ≠ ± 1 .

(b) Solve (E) for

(i) λ ≠±1 ,
(ii) λ =−1 ,
(iii) λ =1 .

(c) Find the conditions on a , b , c and d so that the system of linear equations
x + y + z = 1
3x − y + 3z = 7
x − y + z = 3
ax + by + cz = d

is consistent.

(2000-AL-P MATH 1 #08) (15 marks)

8. Consider the system of linear equations
x − y − z = a
(S) : 2x + λy − 2z = b where λ ∈ R .
x + (2λ + 3)y + λ 2 z = c

(a) Show that (S) has a unique solution if and only if λ ≠ − 2 . Solve (S) for λ = − 1 .

(b) Let λ = − 2 .
(i) Find the conditions on a , b and c so that (S) has infinitely many solutions.
(ii) Solve (S) when a = − 1 , b = − 2 and c = − 3 .

(c) Consider the system of linear equations

x − y − z + 3μ − 5 = 0
(T) : 2x − 2y − 2z + 2μ − 2 = 0 where μ ∈ R .
x − y + 4z − μ − 1 = 0

Using the results in (b), or otherwise, solve (T) .

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(2001-AL-P MATH 1 #09) (15 marks)

9. Consider the system of linear equations
x + λy + z = k
(S) : λx − y + z = 1 where λ , k ∈ R .
3x + y + 2z = −1

(a) Show that (S) has a unique solution if and only if λ ≠ 0 and λ ≠ 2 .

(b) For each of the following cases, determine the value(s) of k for which (S) is consistent. Solve (S) in each
case.
(i) λ ≠ 0 and λ ≠ 2 ,
(ii) λ =0 ,
(iii) λ =2 .

(c) If some solution of (x , y, z ) of

x + z = 0
− y + z = 1
3x + y + 2z = −1

satisfies (x − p)2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 , find the range of values of p .

(2002-AL-P MATH 1 #08) (15 marks)

8. (a) Consider the system of linear equations in x , y , z .
a x − 2y + z = 0
(S) : x − y + 2z = b , where a , b ∈ R .
y + az = b

(i) Show that (S) has a unique solution if and only if a 2 ≠ 1 . Solve (S) in this case.
(ii) For each of the following cases, determine the value(s) of b for which (S) is consistent, and solve (S)
for such value(s) of b .
(1) a =1 ,
(2) a =−1 .

(b) Consider the system of linear equations in x , y , z

a x − 2y + z = 0
x − y + 2z = −1
(T) : , where a ∈ R .
y + az = −1
5x − 2y + z = a

Find all the values of a for which (T) is consistent. Solve (T) for each of these values of a .

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(2003-AL-P MATH 1 #07) (15 marks)

7. (a) Consider the system of linear equations in x , y , z .
x + ay − z = 0
(E) : 2x − y + az = −2a , where a ∈ R .
−x + 2a 2 y + (a − 3)z = 2a

(i) Find the range of values of a for which (E) has a unique solution. Solve (E) when (E) has a unique
solution.
(ii) Solve (E) for
(1) a =1 ,
(2) a =−4 .

(b) Suppose (x , y, z ) satisfy

x + y − z = 0
2x − y + z = −2 .
−x + 2y − 2z = 2

Find the least value of 24x 2 + 3y 2 + 2z and the corresponding values of x , y , z .

(2004-AL-P MATH 1 #07) (15 marks)

7. (a) Consider the system of linear equations in x , y , z .
x + (a − 2)y + a z = 1
(E) : x + 2y + 4z = 1 , where a , b ∈ R .
ax − y + 3z = b

(i) Prove that (E) has a unique solution if and only if a ≠ 2 and a ≠ 4 . Solve (E) in this case.
(ii) For each of the following cases, determine the value(s) of b for which (E) is consistent, and solve (E)
for such value(s) of b .
(1) a =2 ,
(2) a=4 .

(b) If all solutions (x , y, z ) of

x + + 2z = 1
x + 2y + 4z = 1
2x − y + 3z = 2

satisfy k (x 2 − 3) > y z , find the range of values of k .

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(2005-AL-P MATH 1 #07) (15 marks)

7. (a) Consider the system of linear equations in x , y , z .
x + ay + z = b
(E) : 2x + (a + 3)y + (a − 1)z = 0 , where a , b ∈ R .
3x + a2y + (4a + 1)z = −b

(i) Find the range of values of a for which (E) has a unique solution. Solve (E) when (E) has a unique
solution.
(ii) For each of the following cases, find the value(s) of b for which (E) is consistent, and solve (E) for
such value(s) of b .
(1) a =1 ,
(2) a =−2 .

(b) Suppose that a real solution of

x − 2y + z = b
2x + y − 3z = 0
3x + 4y − 7z = −b

satisfies x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = b + 3 , where b ∈ R . Find the range of values of b .

(2006-AL-P MATH 1 #07) (15 marks)

7. Consider the system of linear equations in x , y , z .
x + ay + z = 4
(E) : x + (2 − a)y + (3b − 1)z = 3 , where a , b ∈ R .
2x + (a + 1)y + (b + 1)z = 7

(a) Prove that (E) has a unique solution if and only if a ≠ 1 and b ≠ 0 . Solve (E) in this case.

(b) (i) For a = 1 , find the value(s) of b for which (E) is consistent, and solve (E) for such value(s) of b .
(ii) Is there a real solution (x , y, z ) of
x + y + z = 4
2x + 2y + z = 6
4x + 4y + 3z = 14

satisfying x 2 − 2y 2 − z = 14 ? Explain your answer.

(c) Is (E) consistent for b = 0 ? Explain your answer.

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(2007-AL-P MATH 1 #07) (15 marks)

7. (a) Consider the system of linear equations in x , y , z .
x − 3y = 1
(E) : x + 5y + a z = b , where a , b ∈ R .
2x + a y − z = 2

(i) Find the range of values of a for which (E) has a unique solution. Solve (E) when (E) has a unique
solution.
(ii) Suppose that a = − 2 . Find the value(s) of b for which (E) is consistent, and solve (E) for such
value(s) of b .

(b) Is the system of linear equations

x − 3y = 1
x + 5y + z = 16
2x + y − z = 2
x − y − z = 3

consistent? Explain your answer.

(c) Solve the system of linear equations

x − 3y = 1
x + 5y − 2z = 16
.
2x − 2y − z = 2
x − y − z = 3

(2008-AL-P MATH 1 #07) (15 marks)

7. (a) Consider the system of linear equations in x , y , z .
x + (a + 2)y + (a + 1)z = 1
(E) : x − 3y − z = b , where a , b ∈ R .
3x − 2y + (a − 1)z = 1

(i) Prove that (E) has a unique solution if and only if a 2 ≠ 4 . Solve (E) when (E) has a unique solution.
(ii) For each of the following cases, find the value(s) of b for which (E) is consistent, and solve (E) for
such value(s) of b .
(1) a =2 ,
(2) a =−2 .

(b) Find the greatest value of 2x 2 + 15y 2 − 10z 2 , where x , y and z are real numbers satisfying
x + 4y + 3z = 1
x − 3y − z = 0 .
3x − 2y + z = 1

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(2009-AL-P MATH 1 #07) (15 marks)

7. (a) Consider the system of linear equations in x , y , z .
x + λy + 2z = 1
(E) : 5x − λy + z = 5 , where λ , a ∈ R .
λx − y + z = a

(i) Find the range of values of λ for which (E) has a unique solution. Solve (E) when (E) has a unique
solution.
(ii) Suppose that λ = − 1 . Find the value(s) of a for which (E) is consistent, and solve (E) for such
value(s) of a .

(b) Is the system of linear equations

x − 2y + 2z = 1
5x + 2y + z = 5
2x + y − z = −3
4x + 3y − 3z = 2

consistent? Explain your answer.

(c) Find the solution(s) of the system of linear equations

x − y + 2z = 1
5x + y + z = 5
x + y − z = 1

satisfying 4x 2 + 2y − z = 28 .

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(2010-AL-P MATH 1 #07) (15 marks)

7. (a) Consider the system of linear equations in x , y , z
x + y + z = 2
(E) : ax − 4z = 2 , where a , b ∈ R .
3x + 4y + (a + 4)z = b

(i) Find the range of values of a for which (E) has a unique solution, and solve (E) when (E) has a unique
solution.
(ii) Suppose that a = 2 . Find the value(s) of b for which (E) is consistent, and solve (E) for such
value(s) of b .

(b) Consider the system of linear equation in x , y , z

x + y + z = 2
x + 2z = −1
(F) : , where λ , μ ∈ R .
3x + 4y + 2z = λ
7x + 17y − 3z = μ

Find the values of λ and μ for which (F) is consistent.

(c) Consider the system of linear equation in x , y , z

x + y + z = 2
x − 6z = 3
(G) :
9x + 12y + 14z = 15
5x − 2y − 18z = 16

Is (G) consistent? Explain your answer.

(2011-AL-P MATH 1 #07) (15 marks)

7. (a) Consider the system of linear equations in x , y , z
y + (λ + 1)z = 0
(S) : λ x + 2y + 2z = μ , where λ , μ ∈ R .
x − λy − 4z = μ2

(i) Suppose that μ = 0 .

(1) Prove that (S) has non-trivial solutions if and only if λ 3 + λ 2 − 2λ = 0 .
(2) Solve (S) when λ = 1 .
(ii) Suppose that μ ≠ 0 .
(1) Find the range of values of λ for which (S) has a unique solution.
(2) Solve (S) when (S) has a unique solution.
(3) Find λ and μ for which (S) has infinitely many solutions.

(b) Is there a real solution (x, y, z) of the system of linear equations

y + 2z = 0
x + 2y + 2z = 1
x − y − 4z = 1

satisfying 3x 3 + 2y 2 − z 2 = 1 ? Explain your answer.

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(SP-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #07) (5 marks)

7. Solve the system of linear equations
x + 7y − 6z = −4
3x − 4y + 7z = 13 .
4x + 3y + z = 9

(PP-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #02) (4 marks)

2. Consider the following system of linear equations in x , y , z
x − 7y + 7z = 0
x − k y + 3z = 0 , where k is a real number.
2x + y + k z = 0

If the system has non-trivial solutions, find the two possible values of k .

(2012-AL-P MATH 1 #07) (15 marks)

7. (a) Consider the following system of linear equations in x , y , z
x + 2y − z = 3
(E) : 2x + 5y + (a − 1)z = 4 , where a , b ∈ R .
(a + 2)x + y + (2a + 1)z = b

(i) Prove that (E) has a unique solution if and only if a ≠ − 1 and a ≠ − 3 . Solve (E) when (E) has a
unique solution.
(ii) Suppose that a = − 3 . Find b for which (E) is consistent, and solve (E) when (E) is consistent.

(b) Is the system of linear equations in real variables x , y , z

x + 2y − z = 3
6x + 15y − 7z = 12
2x + 3y − 5z = −12
4x + 5y − 6z = 1

consistent? Explain your answer.

(c) Find the least value of 3x 2 − 7y 2 + 8z 2 , where x , y and z are real numbers satisfying
x + 2y − z = 3
2x + 5y − 4z = 4 .
x − y + 5z = 9

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(2012-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #08) (5 marks)

8. (a) Solve the following system of linear equations:

{2x − y + 5z
x + y + z = 0
.
= 6

(b) Using (a), or otherwise, solve the following system of linear equations:
x + y + z = 0
2x − y + 5z = 6 , where λ is a constant.
x − y + λz = 4

(2013-AL-P MATH 1 #07) (15 marks)

7. (a) Consider the system of linear equations in real variables x , y , z
3x − 2y + z = 0
(E) : (2a + 7)x − 5y + a z = b , where a , b ∈ R .
−x + ay − z = 1

(i) Find the range of values of a for which (E) has a unique solution, and solve (E) when (E) has a
unique solution.
(ii) Suppose that a = 1 . Find b for which (E) is consistent, and solve (E) when (E) is consistent.

(b) Consider the system of linear equations in real variables x , y , z

3x − 2y + z = 0
−9x + 5y − z = −3
(F) : , where λ , μ ∈ R .
−x + y − z = 1
λx + μ y − 7z = 4λ

Find λ and μ for which (F) has infinitely many solutions.

3x − 2y + z = 0
(c) If the real solution of the system of linear equations 11x − 5y + 2z = β satisfies
x − 2y + z = −1

4x 2 − y 2 + z 2 = 1 , find β .

(2013-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #09) (5 marks)

9. Consider the following system of linear equations in x , y and z
x − ay + z = 2
(E) : 2x + (1 − 2a)y + (2 − b)z = a + 4 , where a and b are real numbers.
3x + (1 − 3a)y + (3 − a b)z = 4

It is given that (E) has infinitely many solutions.

(a) Find the values of a and b .

(b) Solve (E) .

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(2014-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #09) (6 marks)

{x + 6y + 10z
x + y + z = 100
9. (a) Solve the system of linear equations .
= 200

(b) In a store, the prices of each of small, medium and large marbles are $0.5 , $3 and $5 respectively. Aubrey
plans to spend all $100 for exactly 100 marbles, which include m small marbles, n medium marbles and k
large marbles.
Aubrey claims that there is only one set of combination of m , n and k . Do you agree? Explain your answer.

(2015-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #05) (6 marks)

5. Solve the following systems of linear equations in real variables x , y and z :

{2x + 3y − 3z
x + y + z = 2
(a)
= 4

x + y + z = 2
(b) 2x + 3y − 3z = 4
3x + 2y + k z = 6

(2016-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #11) (12 marks)

11. (a) Consider the system of linear equations in real variables x , y , z
x + y − z = 3
(E) : 4x + 6y + az = b , where a , b ∈ R .
5x + (1 − a)y + (3a − 1)z = b −1

(i) Assume that (E) has a unique solution.

(1) Prove that a ≠ − 2 and a ≠ − 12 .
(2) Solve (E) .
(ii) Assume that a = − 2 and (E) is consistent.
(1) Find b .
(2) Solve (E) .

(b) Is there a real solution of the system of linear equations

x + y − z = 3
2x + 3y − z = 7
5x + 3y − 7z = 13

satisfying x 2 + y 2 − 6z 2 > 14 ? Explain your answer.

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(2017-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #05) (6 marks)

5. Consider the system of linear equations in real variables x , y , z
x + 2y − z = 11
(E) : 3x + 8y − 11z = 49 , where h , k ∈ R .
2x + 3y + h z = k

(a) Assume that (E) has a unique solution.

(i) Find the range of values of h .
(ii) Express z in terms of h and k .

(b) Assume that (E) has infinitely many solutions. Solve (E) .

(2018-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #11) (12 marks)

11. (a) Consider the system of linear equations in real variables x , y , z
x + ay + 4(a + 1)z = 18
(E) : 2x + (a − 1)y + 2(a − 1)z = 20 , where a , b ∈ R .
x − y − 12z = b

(i) Assume that (E) has a unique solution.

(1) Find the range of values of a .
(2) Solve (E) .
(ii) Assume that a = 3 and (E) is consistent.
(1) Find b .
(2) Solve (E) .

(b) Consider the system of linear equations in real variables x , y , z

x + 3y + 16z = 18
x + y + 2z = 10
(F) : , where s , t ∈ R .
x − y − 12z = s
2x − 5y − 45z = t

Assume that (F) is consistent. Find s and t .

(2019-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #06) (7 marks)

6. Consider the system of linear equations in real variables x , y , z
x − 2y − 2z = β
(E) : 5x + αy + αz = 5β , where α , β ∈ R .
7x + (α − 3)y + (2α + 1)z = 8β

(a) Assume that (E) has a unique solution.

(i) Find the range of values of α .
(ii) Express y in terms of α and β .

(b) Assume that α = − 4 . If (E) is inconsistent, find the range of values of β .

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(2020-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #11) (13 marks)

11. (a) Consider the system of linear equations in real variables x , y , z
x − y − 2z = 1
(E) : x − 2y + h z = k , where h , k ∈ R .
4x + h y − 7z = 7

(i) Assume that (E) has a unique solution.

(1) Prove that h ≠ − 3 .
(2) Solve (E) .
(ii) Assume that h = − 3 and (E) is consistent.
(1) Prove that k = − 2 .
(2) Solve (E) .

(b) Consider the system of linear equations in real variables x , y , z

x − y − 2z = 1
(F) : x − 2y + h z = −2 , where h ∈ R .
4x + h y − 7z = 7

Someone claims that there are at least two values of h such that (F) has a real solution (x , y , z) satisfying
3x 2 + 4y 2 − 7z 2 = 1 . Do you agree? Explain your answer.

(2021-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #08) (8 marks)

8. Consider the system of linear equations in real variables x , y , z
x + (d − 1)y + (d + 3)z = 4−d
(E) : 2x + (d + 2)y − z = 2d − 5 , where d ∈ R .
3x + (d + 4)y + 5z = 2

It is given that (E) has infinitely many solutions

(a) Find d . Hence, solve (E) .

(b) Someone claims that (E) has a real solution (x , y, z ) satisfying x y + 2x z = 3 . Is the claim correct?
Explain your answer.

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ANSWERS

(1991-AL-P MATH 1 #03) (4 marks)

3. (a) q =−1
(b) q =1

(1992-AL-P MATH 1 #01) (6 marks)

1. (a) s = − 9 , t can be any real number.
(b) When s = − 9 , t = − 6 , {(3 + 3m − 5n , m , n) : m , n ∈ R} ;

When s = − 9 , t ≠ − 6 , {(3 − 5n , 0, n) : n ∈ R} .

(1993-AL-P MATH 1 #03) (6 marks)

1 (c) {(m , n , 3 − m − n) : m , n ∈ R}

(1994-AL-P MATH 1 #02) (6 marks)

1. λ = 0 , {(−t, t, t ) : t ∈ R}

(1994-AL-P MATH 1 #09) (15 marks)

9. (b) (i) k = − 2 , 2 or 4
1 1 2 −5
(ii) k = − 2 , (IV) is inconsistent; k = 2 , x = − , y = ; k =4 , x =− , y = .
4 4 9 9
(iii) k = − 2 , {(t, t, 0) : t ∈ R} ; k = 2 , {(t, t, − 4t ) : t ∈ R} ; k = 4 , {(2t, 5t, − 9t ) : t ∈ R} .

(1995-AL-P MATH 1 #09) (15 marks)

{( h + 3 h + 3 )}
−k k
9. (a) , ,−k

{( ) }
3k + 5t 3k + t
(b) (i) k can be all values, , ,t : t ∈ R
12 12

(ii) k = 0 , {(−t, t,0) : t ∈ R}

2 2 2 2
(c) For h 2 ≠ 9 , k = , h =−2 , x =− , y = , z =− ;
3 3 3 3
2 1 1 2
k = , h =−5 , x = , y =− , z =− .
3 3 3 3
2 17 17 7 10
For h = 3 , k = , t = , x = , y = , z = .
3 27 27 27 9

(1996-AL-P MATH 1 #05) (6 marks)

1 1 1
1. (a) X= (b + c − a) , Y = (a + c − b) , Z = (a + b − c)
2 2 2

(a + b − c)(a + c − b) (a + b − c)(b + c − a) (a + c − b)(b + c − a)

(b) x =± , y =± , z =±
2(b + c − a) 2(a + c − b) 2(a + b − c)

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(1996-AL-P MATH 1 #09) (15 marks)

9. (a) {(5 − 5t, 3t − 1, t ) : t ∈ R}

{ ( 17 17 17 )}
50 4 7
(b) (0, 2, 1), , ,

4 4
(c) If a ≠ , then λ ∈ R ; or If a = , then λ = 3
5 5
17λ − 11
(d) If λ = 3 , then a ∈ R ; or a =
50

(1997-AL-P MATH 1 #03) (6 marks)

3. (b) When k = − 4 , λ = 2 , {(2t, t, 2t ) : t ∈ R} ; When k = 0 , λ = 0 , {(0, t, 0) : t ∈ R} .

(1997-AL-P MATH 1 #08) (15 marks)

8. (a) a = − 2 , {(4t, 3t, t ) : t ∈ R} ; a = 3 , {(t, − t, t ) : t ∈ R} ; a = 5 , {(t, − t, 2t ) : t ∈ R}.
(b) a = − 2 , b = − 1 , {(2 + 4t, 4 + 3t, t ) : t ∈ R}
(c) x =6 , y =7 , z =1

(1998-AL-P MATH 1 #01) (6 marks)

1. (a) k = − 4 or 1
(b) k = − 4 , {(3t, − 8t, t ) : t ∈ R} ; k = 1 , {(−2t, 2t, t ) : t ∈ R} .

(1998-AL-P MATH 1 #08) (15 marks)

−(a − b) −(a − b) 2 − b − ab
8. (a) x = , y = , z =
(1 − a)(2 + a) (1 − a)(2 + a) (1 − a)(2 + a)b

(b) (i) b = − 2 , {(−1 − 2t, − 1 − 2t, t ) : t ∈ R}

(ii) b = 1 , {(1 − s − t, s, t ) : s , t ∈ R}
(c) Inconsistent

(1999-AL-P MATH 1 #01) (6 marks)

1. (a) λ = − 2 or 1
(b) λ = − 2 , {(−t, − t, t ) : t ∈ R} ; λ = 1 , {(t − s, s, t ) : s , t ∈ R} .

(1999-AL-P MATH 1 #08) (15 marks)

λ −3 −4
8. (b) (i) x =4 , y = , z =
λ +1 λ +1
(ii) Inconsistent
(iii) {(2 − t, − 1, t ) : t ∈ R}
(c) a ≠ c , b − 2c + d = 0

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(2000-AL-P MATH 1 #08) (15 marks)

c +a c − 2b + 3a
8. (a) x = , y = b − 2a , z =
2 2

{( 5) }
1 4
(b) λ = − 2 , b − 2a = 0 ; a = − 1 , b = − 2 and c = 3 , t− , t, :t ∈R
5

{( 5) }
1 4
(c) (i) μ = 2 , a = − 1 , b = − 2 and c = 3 , t− , t, :t ∈R
5

(ii) μ ≠ 2 , inconsistent

(2001-AL-P MATH 1 #09) (15 marks)

3(λ + k) 2λ k + λ − 3k (λ + 3)(λ + k)
9. (b) (i) x = , y = , z =
2λ (λ − 2) 2λ (λ − 2) −2λ (λ − 2)

(ii) k = 0 , {(−t, t − 1, t ) : t ∈ R}

{( 5 ) }
3t t +5
(iii) k =−2 , − ,− ,t : t ∈ R
5

−1 − 3 −1 + 3
(c) ≤p≤
2 2

(2002-AL-P MATH 1 #08) (15 marks)

−2b −b (a − 1) 2b
8. (a) (i) x = , y = , z =
a +1 a +1 a +1
(ii) (1) b can be any number, {(2b − 3t, b − t, t ) : t ∈ R}
(2) b = 0 , {(−t, t, t ) : t ∈ R}
(b) (i) b =−1
2 1 −2 1 3 1
When a = 2 , x = , y = , z = ; a =−5 , x =− , y = , z = .
3 3 3 2 2 2
(ii) b =−1
1 −1 −3
When a = 1 , x = , y = , z =
4 4 4

(2003-AL-P MATH 1 #07) (15 marks)

−1
7. (a) (i) a ≠1 , a ≠ and a ≠ − 4
2
−2a (4a + 1) 4a −2a
x = , y = , z =
(2a + 1)(a + 4) (2a + 1)(a + 4) a+4

{( 3 ) }
−2 2 + 3t
(ii) (1) , ,t : t ∈ R
3

(2) Inconsistent
−2 −1
(b) least value = 9 , x = , y = , z =−1
3 3

(2004-AL-P MATH 1 #07) (15 marks)

b −2 b −a a −b
7. (a) (i) x = , y = , z =
a −2 2(a − 2) 2(a − 2)

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(ii) (1) b = 2 , {(1 − 2t, − t, t ) : t ∈ R}

{( ) }
2b + 1 − 10t 4 − b − 13t
(2) b can be any value, , ,t : t ∈ R
9 9
−1
(b) <k <0
6

(2005-AL-P MATH 1 #07) (15 marks)

7. (a) (i) a ≠ − 2 , a ≠ 1 and a ≠ 3
b (a 2 − 6a − 3) 4b −2b
x = , y = , z =
(a − 1)(a − 3) (a − 1)(a − 3) a −1

(ii) (1) b = 0 , {(−2t, t, t ) : t ∈ R}

{( 5 ) }
b + 5t −2b + 5t
(2) b can be any value, , ,t : t ∈ R
5
−15 15
(b) ≤b ≤
7 2

(2006-AL-P MATH 1 #07) (15 marks)

7. (a) a ≠ 1 and b ≠ 0
2a b − 4b + 1 2b − 1 1
x = , y = , z =
(a − 1)b (a − 1)b b
1
(b) (i) b= , {(2 − t, t, 2) : t ∈ R}
2

(2007-AL-P MATH 1 #07) (15 marks)

7. (a) (i) a ≠ − 2 and a ≠ − 4
a 2 + 6a + 3b + 5 b −1 (a + 6)(b − 1)
x = , y = , z =
(a + 2)(a + 4) (a + 2)(a + 4) (a + 2)(a + 4)

{( 4 ) }
4 + 3t t
(ii) b =1 , , ,t : t ∈ R
4

(c) t =−1 , x =−2 , y =−1 , z =−4

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(2008-AL-P MATH 1 #07) (15 marks)

−a 2 b − 3a b − a + 2 2b 3a b − a + 8b + 2
7. (a) (i) x = 2
, y = , z =
4−a a −2 4 − a2

{( 7 ) }
3 − 5t 1 − 4t
(ii) (1) b =0 , , ,t : t ∈ R
7

(2) b = − 2 , {(1 + t, 1, t ) : t ∈ R}
3
(b)
2

(2009-AL-P MATH 1 #07) (15 marks)

7. (a) (i) λ ≠ − 1 and λ ≠ 3
a λ − 2λ − 3 3(a − λ) 2λ (λ − a)
x = , y = , z =
(λ + 1)(λ − 3) (λ + 1)(λ − 3) (λ + 1)(λ − 3)

{( 2 2 ) }
1 − t 3t
(ii) a =−1 , , ,t : t ∈ R

(b) λ = − 2 , a = 3 , inconsistent
(c) λ =−1 , a =−1 ,
when t = − 2 , x = 3 , y = − 6 , z = − 4 ; when t = 3 , x = − 2 , y = 9 , z = 6 .

(2010-AL-P MATH 1 #07) (15 marks)

7. (a) (i) a ≠ − 2 and a ≠ 2
2(16 − 2b − a) −22 − 6a + 4b + a b − 2a 2 −2 + 8a − a b
x = 2
, y =
2
, z =
4−a 4−a 4 − a2
(ii) b = 7 , {(1 + 2t, 1 − 3t, t ) : t ∈ R}
(b) λ = 9 , {(−1 − 2t, t + 3, t ) : t ∈ R} , μ = 44
2
(c) a= , b = 5 , inconsistent
3

(2011-AL-P MATH 1 #07) (15 marks)

7. (a) (i) (2) {(2t, − 2t, t ) : t ∈ R}
(ii) (1) λ ≠ − 2 , λ ≠ 0 and λ ≠ 1

(λ + 2λ μ + λ − 4) μ
2
(λ + 1)(1 − λ μ)μ (λ μ − 1)μ
(2) x = , y = , z =
λ (λ − 1)(λ + 2) λ (λ − 1)(λ + 2) λ (λ − 1)(λ + 2)
−1
(3) When λ = 1 , μ = 1 ; when λ = − 2 , μ = .
2
(b) λ = 1 , μ = 1 , there is no real solution.

(SP-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #07) (5 marks)

7. {(3 − t, t − 1, t ) : t ∈ R}

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(PP-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #02) (4 marks)

2. k = 19 or 2

(2012-AL-P MATH 1 #07) (15 marks)

2a b + 11a + 3b + 6 3a − b b − 7a − 12
7. (a) (i) x = , y = , z =
2(a + 1)(a + 3) 2(a + 3) 2(a + 1)(a + 3)

(ii) b = − 9 , {(7 − 3t, 2t − 2, t ) : t ∈ R}

4
(b) a = − , b = − 4 , inconsistent
3
(c) a = − 3 , b = − 9 , least value = − 56

(2012-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #08) (5 marks)

8. (a) {(2 − 2t, t − 2, t ) : t ∈ R}
(b) When λ ≠ 3 , x = 2 , y = − 2 , z = 0 ; when λ = 3 , {(2 − 2t, t − 2, t ) : t ∈ R}.

(2013-AL-P MATH 1 #07) (15 marks)

7. (a) (i) a ≠ 1 and a ≠ 4
2a + 2b − a b − 5 a + 2b − 7 1 + 3a b − 4a − 2b
x = , y = , z =
(a − 1)(a − 4) (a − 1)(a − 4) (a − 1)(a − 4)

(ii) b = 3 , {(t, 2t − 1, t − 2) : t ∈ R}
(b) a =1 , b =3 , λ =3 , μ =2
(c) β = 1 or 2

(2013-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #09) (5 marks)

9. (a) a = 2 or b = 0
(b) {(6 − t, − 2, t ) : t ∈ R}

(2014-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #09) (6 marks)

{( 5 ) }
4t 9t
9. (a) 80 + , 20 − , t : t ∈ R
5

(b) t = 0 , 5 or 10 . Disagreed.

(2015-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #05) (6 marks)

5. (a) {(2 − 6t, 5t, t ) : t ∈ R}
(b) k = 8 , {(2 − 6t, 5t, t ) : t ∈ R}
k ≠8 , t =0 , x =2 , y =0 , z =0

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(2016-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #11) (12 marks)

3a 2 − a b + 50a + 6b − 24 2(a b − 10a + 8) a b − 12a + 6b − 80
11. (a) (i) (2) x = , y = , z =
(a + 2)(a + 12) (a + 2)(a + 12) (a + 2)(a + 12)

(ii) (1) b = 14
(2) {(2t + 2, 1 − t, t ) : t ∈ R}
(b) a = − 2 , b = 14 , Greatest value is 14 , no real solution.

(2017-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #05) (6 marks)

5. (a) (i) h ≠2
k − 14
(ii) z =
h −2
(b) h = 2 , k = 14
{(−7t − 5, 4t + 8, t ) : t ∈ R}

(2018-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #11) (12 marks)

11. (a) (i) (1) a ≠ 3 and a ≠ − 1
a 2 b + a b + 10a − 2b − 50 −3a b + 22a − 5b − 38 b −2
(2) x = , y = , z =
(a + 1)(a − 3) (a + 1)(a − 3) 2(a − 3)

(ii) (1) b =2
(2) {(5m + 6, − 7m + 4, m) : m ∈ R}
(b) s =2 , t =−8

(2019-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #06) (7 marks)

6. (a) (i) α ≠ − 4 and α ≠ − 10
β
(ii) y =−
α+4
(b) β≠0

(2020-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #11) (13 marks)

h 2 + 2h k + 7h + 7k + 14 2h − k + 7 h k − h + 4k − 1
11. (a) (i) (2) x = 2
, y =
2
, z =
(h + 3) (h + 3) (h + 3)2

(ii) (2) {(t + 4, 3 − t, t ) : t ∈ R}

(b) The claim is agreed.

(2021-DSE-MATH-EP(M2) #08) (8 marks)

8. (a) {(3 − 32t, 13t − 1, t ) : t ∈ R}
(b) The claim is not correct.

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