CHAPTER 3 : MATRICES (TEST)

3. A system of linear equations is given by

1. A system of linear equations is given by
2x – 2y + z = 1 , 6x + ky – 2z = 5 , 4x + 3y – 3z = 4k, where k is a constant.
2x + 3y – z = 4, 3x – y + 2z = 4, 4x + y – z = 4.
(a) Write the augmented matrix for the system above and reduce it to
Write the augmented matrix for the system above and reduce it to row-echelon form. [5]
row-echelon form. [4]
(b) Determine the values of k such that the system has a unique solution, [2]
Hence, find the solutions of the system. [3]
Hence, find the solutions of the system for the case k = –6. [3]
2x + 3y – z = 4 2 3 -- 1 4 
  (c) Determine the values of k such that the system has infinitely many
3x – y + 2z = 4  3 -- 1 2 4
4 solutions. Hence, find the solutions of the system. [5]
4x + y – z = 4  1 -- 1 4 
(a) 2x – 2y + z = 1  2 --2 1 1
 2 3 -- 1 4  2 3 -- 1 4  
3R1 -- 2R2  R2   11R -- 5R2  R3   6x + ky – 2z = 5  6 k --2 5
     0 11 -- 7 4   3      0 11 -- 7  4 3 --3 4k 
4 4x + 3 y – 3z = 4k
2R1 – R3  R3  0 5 -- 1 
 4   0 0 24
 24 REF
 2 -- 2 1 1 
R2 -- 3R1  R3  
Row 3 : 0x + 0y + 24z = 24  z=1        0 7 --5 4k -- 2 
R3 – 2R1  R2  0 k  6 --5
 2 
Row 2 : 0x + 11y – 7z = 4  y=1
 2 -- 2 1 1 
Row 1 : 2x + 3y – z = 4  x=1 Solutions : x = 1 , y = 1 , z = 1 
(k  6)R2  7R3  R3 
 
  0 7 --5 4k -- 2 
0 0 5 -- 5k 4k 2  22k -- 26 REF

2. A system of linear equations is given by
2x + y + z = 2, 4x – 2y + z = 7, 6x – y + 2z = 9. (b) For unique solution : 5 – 5k ≠ 0  k≠1
Write the augmented matrix for the system above and reduce it to 2
(For k = –6) Row 3 : 0x + 0y + 35z = –14  z=–
row-echelon form. [4] 5
Hence, find the solutions of the system. [4] Row 2 : 0x + 7y – 5z = –26  y = –4
33
2 1 1 2 Row 1 : 2x – 2y + z = 1  x=–
2x + y + z = 2   10
4x – 2y + z = 7  4 -- 2 1 7
6x – y + 2z = 9  6 -- 1 2 9 
 (c) For infinitely many solutions : 5 – 5k = 0 and 2(k – 1)(2k +13) = 0
13
 2 1 1 2  2 1 1 2  k = 1 and k = 1 , –  k=1
2R1 -- R2  R2   R -- R  R3   2
       0 4 1 --3  3 2    0 4 1 --3  Let z  t 5t  2
3R1 – R3  R3  0 4 1 --3  0 0 0 Row 2 : 0x + 7y – 5z = 2  y =
   0 REF 7
Let y  t 3t  11
Row 2 : 0x + 4y + z = –3   z = – 4t – 3 Row 1 : 2x – 2y + z = 1  x=
14
3t  5
Row 1 : 2x + y + z = 2  x= 3t  11 5t  2
2 Solutions : x= , y= , z = t , where t 
14 7
3t  5
Solutions : x = , y = t , z = – 4t – 3 , where t 
2

R3-1
  2 3 --1 
 
4. A matrix P is given by P =  4 1 --1  .
 3 --1 2 
 
By using elementary row operations, find the inverse of P. [6]
Hence, solve the system of linear equations given by,
2x + 3y – z = 4, 3x – y + 2z = 4, 4x + y – z = 4. [5]

 2 3 --1 1 0 0 
 
 4 1 --1 0 1 0 
 3 --1 2 0 0 1 
 
 --2 2 0 1 --1 0 
R1 -- R2  R1  
        9 3 0 1 1 1 
R1 + R2 + R3  R2  3 --1 2 0 0 1 
 
 24 0 0 --1 5 2 
2R2 -- 3R1  R1  
         9 3 0 1 1 1 
R2 + 3R3  R3  18 0 6 1 1 4 
 
 24 0 0 --1 5 2
8R2 -- 3R1  R2  
         0 24 0 11 --7 2 
4R3 – 3R1  R3  0 0 24 7 --11 10 
 
 1 0 0 -- 1 5 1   -- 1 5 1 
1
R  R1  24 24 12   24 24 12 
241  
  0 1 0 11
-- 7 1 
 P –1 =  24 11
-- 7 1 
1
R  R2  24 24 12   24 12 
24 2 0 0 1 7 11 5   7 11 5 
-- --
1
R  R3  24 24 12   24 24 12 
24 3

2x + 3y – z = 4 2x + 3y – z = 4  2 3 --1   x   4
    
3x – y + 2z = 4 4x + y – z = 4  4 1 --1   y  =  4 
4x + y – z = 4 3x – y + 2z = 4  3 --1 2   z   4
    

 x 4   x 4  -- 1 5 1 
 4  1 
         24 24 12     
 P  y =  4    y  = P -- 1  4  =  24 11
-- 7 1 
 4  = 1 
z 4       24 12 
 4  1 
    z 4  7 -- 11 5 
   
 24 24 12 

 x=1,y=1 ,z=1

R3-2