Heaven’s light is our guide

Rajshahi University of Engineering &Technology

Department of Mechatronics Engineering

MTE 1101

Mechatronic Systems

Prepared By:
Sumaya Ishrat Moyeen
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechatronics Engineering
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology.
 Outlines

 Difference Between Evolutionary Process and Revolutionary Process

 Example of Revolutionary Process in Term of Mechatronics Perspective
 Industrial Revolutions
 Systems
 Mechatronic System
 Mechatronic System Basic Elements

References: Slide, Internet, Recommended Books (Rajput/Bolton: Chapter 1)

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Sumaya Ishrat Moyeen, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MTE, RUET
 Difference Between Evolutionary Process and Revolutionary Process

Evolutionary Process Revolutionary Process

1. Evolution refers to the gradual development or 1. Revolution means ‘a turn around’; a sudden,
changes in something over a period. complete, or radical change in something.

2. This process is a slow and gradual 2. This process is a sudden, extreme or complete
change or development. change in the people’s live, work etc.
3. This process is based on observations, empirical 3. This process is based on advanced
data and tested hypotheses. technology, engineering, science and
innovation.
4. This process is less costly. 4. This process is much costly.
5. This process is less risky as it’s a gradual 5. This process is risky as it’s a radical change in a
change over time, people get habituated. short period, not every people get used to it.

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Sumaya Ishrat Moyeen, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MTE, RUET
 Example of Revolutionary Process in Term of Mechatronics Perspective
Automobiles: An example can be given in automobile sector. In old cars, the engines were only fuel engines and also
there was no Automatic Vehicle Technology (AVT). But through the revolutionary process, recent modern cars consist
of hybrid engines (Combines the benefits of gasoline engines and electric motors) and Automatic Vehicle
Technologies (AVT) like Antilock Braking System (ABS) which prevents the wheels from locking when you apply the
brakes hard, Automatic Transmission System, Automotive Safety Devices, Navigation System, Engine Management
System, Automatic Parking Assistance which are purely mechatronics systems.

Old cars with no hybrid engine orAVT

Fig. 1.1: Revolution in Automobiles

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Sumaya Ishrat Moyeen, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MTE, RUET
Example of Revolutionary Process in Term of Mechatronics Perspective
(Cont.)
Examples of revolutionary process in term of mechatronics can be given in home automation, transportation,
communication, industrial manufacturing, medical, defense and many more sectors. This process is sudden,
extreme and made complete change in the people’s live and work. The following figures illustrates some
revolutionary changes in various sectors by mechatronics.

Advantages:
 Portable and lightweight
 Hands-free usage
 Time saving and efficient
 Can be customized and controlled using apps or remotes
 Budget-friendly
 Works on multiple surfaces Old Vacuum Cleaner Modern Smart Robot Vacuum Cleaner

Fig. 1.2: Revolution in Home Automation

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Sumaya Ishrat Moyeen, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MTE, RUET
 Example of Revolutionary Process in Term of Mechatronics Perspective
(Cont.)
Advantages of Maglev trains over traditional rail:
 Greater Speed: The absence of friction between the train and the track allows for
faster acceleration and deceleration, potentially reaching speeds of up to 300
miles per hour (480 kilometers per hour) or more.
 Smoother Ride: Since Maglev trains are levitated and propelled by magnetic
forces, they glide smoothly along the track without any physical contact. This
Old Railway Track Train
eliminates the vibrations, bumps, and noise associated with traditional rail
systems, providing passengers with a more comfortable and enjoyable ride.
 Lower Maintenance: As Maglev trains do not have wheels, axles, or other
moving parts that come into contact with the track, there is significantly less wear
and tear. This translates into reduced maintenance requirements, lower costs, and
increased operational efficiency.
 Energy Efficiency: The absence of friction and the ability to recover energy
during braking contribute to their energy efficiency, making them a greener Modern Maglev Train
transportation option.
Fig. 1.3: Revolution in Transportation
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Sumaya Ishrat Moyeen, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MTE, RUET
 Industrial Revolutions

The Four Industrial Revolutions: Transition to new manufacturing processes

Industry 4.0

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Sumaya Ishrat Moyeen, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MTE, RUET
 Systems
System: A system is the part of the universe that is being studied, while the environment is the remainder of the
universe that lies outside the boundaries of the system. It is also known as the surroundings or neighborhood, and
in thermodynamics, as the reservoir.
Examples
• This universe is itself a system consisting of large number of subsystems.
• Human body as a system has digestive system, respiratory system etc.

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Sumaya Ishrat Moyeen, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MTE, RUET
 Mechatronic System

Mechatronic System: Mechatronics is the synergistic integration of sensors,

actuators, signal conditioning, power electronics, decision and control algorithms,
and computer hardware and software to manage complexity, uncertainty, and
communication in engineered systems.

Basic Elements of Mechatronics System:

(i) Actuators and sensors

(ii) Signals and conditioning
(iii) Digital logic Systems
(iv) Software and data acquisition systems
(v) Computers and display devices

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Sumaya Ishrat Moyeen, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MTE, RUET
 Mechatronic System Basic Elements
Sensors:
 A sensor is an electrical instrument that monitors and measures physical aspects of an environment and sends an
electrical signal to a control center.
 Sensors turn physical inputs into electrical signals.
 For example, if the temperature in a room gets too hot, you can have the sensor alert. The sensor turns the
physical input of the heat into an electrical signal to alert the control center.
 The various types of sensors used in the mechatronic system are linear arid rotational sensors, acceleration
sensors, force, torque and pressure sensors, flow sensors, temperature sensors, proximity sensors, light sensors.

Actuators:
 Actuators take electrical signals from control centers
and turn them into physical outputs.
 The various actuators .used in the mechatronic
system are pneumatic and hydraulic actuators,
electro-mechanical actuators, electrical motors such
as DC motors, AC motors, stepper motors,
servomotors, and piezoelectric actuators.

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Sumaya Ishrat Moyeen, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MTE, RUET
 Mechatronic System Basic Elements (Contd.)
Signals and Conditioning
The mechatronic systems deal with two types of signals and conditioning -- input and output. The input devices
receive input signals from the mechatronic systems via interfacing devices and sensors. Then it is sent to the control
centers/ circuits for conditioning or processing. The various input signal conditioning devices used in the mechatronic
system are discrete circuits, amplifiers, Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converters, Digital-to-Digital (DZD) convertors. The
output signals from the system are sent to output or display devices through interfacing devices. The various output or
display devices used in the mechatronic system are Digital-to-Analog (D/A) converters, Display Decoders (DD)
converters, amplifiers, power transistors, and power op- amps.

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Sumaya Ishrat Moyeen, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MTE, RUET
 Mechatronic System Basic Elements (Contd.)

Digital logic/control systems

Digital logic devices control overall system operation. The
various digital logic systems used in the mechatronic system
are logic circuits, microcontrollers, programmable logic
controllers (PLC), sequencing and timing controls, and
control algorithms.

Digital Logic Circuit

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Sumaya Ishrat Moyeen, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MTE, RUET
 Mechatronic System Basic Elements (Contd.)
Software and Data Acquisition Systems
The data acquisition system acquires the output signals from sensors in the form of voltage, frequency, resistance etc.
and it is inputted into the microprocessor or computer. Software is used to control the acquisition of data through
DAC (Digital to Analog Converter) board. The data acquisition system consists of a multiplexer, amplifier, register,
and control circuitry, and DAC board.

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Sumaya Ishrat Moyeen, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MTE, RUET
 Mechatronic System Basic Elements (Contd.)
Computers and display devices
Computers are used to store a large number of data and process further through software. Display devices are used to
give visual feedback to the user. The various display devices used in the mechatronic system are LED (Light Emiting
Diode), CRT, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), digital displays, etc.

Monitor LEDs LCDs

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Sumaya Ishrat Moyeen, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MTE, RUET
 To Be Continued…..

Never Consider “Lecture Slides” as Study Material.

Follow Reference Books Always…