Week 7 Lec.14
Week 7 Lec.14
𝑳𝒊𝒎 𝑭 𝒔 = 𝟎
𝒔→ ∞
1) Functions which takes the Standard Form
Example
Find the inverse of Laplace transform of the function
𝟓
𝑭 𝒔 =
𝟑𝒔−𝟔
5
lim 𝐹 𝑠 = lim = 0 then the inverse L.T exists
𝑠→∞ 𝑠→ ∞ 3𝑠−6
𝟓 𝟓 𝟏
F(s) = =
𝟑𝒔−𝟔 𝟑 𝒔−𝟐
−𝟏 −𝟏 𝟓 𝟏 𝟓
𝒇 𝒕 = 𝑳 𝑭(𝒔) = 𝑳 = 𝒆𝟐𝒕
𝟑 𝒔−𝟐 𝟑
Example
𝟐𝒔−𝟔
Find the inverse of Laplace transform of the function F(s)= 𝟐
𝒔 −𝟗
Solution
First we must test the limit of F(s) as the following
2𝑠−6 2𝑠−6 𝒔 𝟑
lim 𝐹 𝑠 = lim = 0 then F(s) = =𝟐 − 𝟐 𝒔𝟐−𝟗
𝑠→∞ 𝑠→ ∞ 𝑠2−9 𝑠2 −9 𝒔𝟐−𝟗
𝒔 𝟑
𝒇 𝒕 = 𝑳−𝟏 𝑭(𝒔) = 𝑳−𝟏 𝟐 −𝟐 = 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝟑𝒕 − 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝟑𝒕
𝒔𝟐−𝟗 𝒔𝟐−𝟗
Example
𝟏 𝟑
Find the inverse of Laplace transform of the function F(s)= 𝟑 −
𝒔 𝒔𝟐+𝟓
Solution
First we must test the limit of F(s) as the following
𝟏 𝟑
lim 𝐹 𝑠 = lim 𝟑 − 𝟐 = 0 then the inverse L.T exists
𝑠→∞ 𝑠→ ∞ 𝒔 𝒔 +𝟓
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟐! 𝟑 𝟓
F(s) =𝒔𝟑 − 𝒔𝟐+𝟓
= 𝟐 𝒔𝟑 − 𝟓 𝒔𝟐+𝟓
−𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟐! 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
𝒇 𝒕 = 𝑳 𝑭(𝒔) = 𝑳 𝟐 𝒔𝟑
− 𝟓 𝒔𝟐+𝟓
= 𝟐
𝒕 − 𝟓
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟓𝒕
2) Linearity Property
𝟒 𝟑𝒔 𝟓
lim 𝐹(𝑠) = lim − + then the inverse L.T exists
𝑠→∞ 𝑠→∞ 𝒔−𝟐 𝒔𝟐 +𝟏𝟔 𝒔𝟐 +𝟒
4 3𝑠 5
𝑓 𝑡 = 𝐿−1 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝐿−1 − 2 + 2
𝑠 − 2 𝑠 + 16 𝑠 + 4
1 𝑠 5 2
= 4𝐿−1 − 3𝐿−1 + 𝐿−1
𝑠−2 𝑠2 +16 2 𝑠2 +4
𝟐𝒕 𝟓
𝒇 𝒕 = 𝟒𝒆 − 𝟑𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕
𝟐
3) Functions which take the form of the First Shift Property
If 𝐿−1 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝑓(𝑡), then
𝐿−1 𝐹(𝑠 − 𝑎) = 𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)
Example
Find inverse of Laplace Transform of the function
𝟏
𝐅(𝐬) =
𝒔𝟐 −𝟐𝒔+𝟓
𝟏
lim 𝐹(𝑠) = lim = 𝟎 then the inverse L.T exists
𝑠→∞ 𝑠→∞ 𝒔𝟐 −𝟐𝒔+𝟓
−1 −1
1
𝑓 𝑡 = 𝐿 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝐿
𝑠 2 − 2𝑠 + 5
−1 1 1 −1 2
=𝐿 2 = 𝐿 2
(𝑠−1) +4 2 (𝑠−1) +4
1 𝑡 −1 2 1 𝑡
= 𝑒 𝐿 = 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
2 𝑠2 +4 2
Example
𝟏
Find inverse of Laplace Transform of the function 𝐅(𝐬) =
𝒔𝟐+𝟐𝒔+𝟓
𝟏
lim 𝐹(𝑠) = lim = 𝟎 then the inverse L.T exists
𝑠→∞ 𝑠→∞ 𝒔𝟐+𝟐𝒔+𝟓
−1 −1
1
𝑓 𝑡 = 𝐿 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝐿
𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 5
−1 1
=𝐿 2
(𝑠+1) +4
𝟏 −𝒕 −𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 −𝒕
𝒇 𝒕 = 𝒆 𝑳 = 𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕
𝟐 𝒔𝟐+𝟒 𝟐
𝒔−𝟑
𝐅(𝐬) =
𝒔𝟐−𝟒𝒔−𝟒
𝑠 −3
𝑓 𝑡 = 𝐿−1 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝐿−1
𝑠 2 − 4𝑠 − 4
𝑠−2 −1 (𝑠−2) 1 𝑠 1 8
= 𝐿−1 = 𝐿−1 − = 𝑒 2𝑡 𝐿−1 2 −
(𝑠−2)2 −8 (𝑠−2)2 −8 (𝑠−2)2 −8 𝑠 −8 8 𝑠2 −8
𝟏
𝒇 𝒕 = 𝒆𝟐𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 𝟖 𝒕 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝟖𝒕
𝟖
4) Functions which take the form of the Second Shift Property
If 𝐿−1 𝐹 𝑠 = 𝑓 𝑡 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
−1 −𝑎𝑠 0 𝑡<𝑎
𝐿 𝑒 𝐹(𝑠) = ቊ
𝑓 𝑡−𝑎 𝑡>𝑎
Example
𝝅𝒔
−𝟑
𝒆
Find inverse of Laplace Transform of the function 𝐹 𝑠 =
𝒔𝟐+𝟏
𝜋𝑠
−3
𝑒
lim 𝐹(𝑠) = lim = 0 then the inverse L.T exists
𝑠→∞ 𝑠→∞ 𝑠2 +1
𝝅𝒔
−𝟑 𝝅𝒔
𝒆 −𝟑 𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 𝒆−𝒂𝒔𝑭 𝒔 = 𝑳−𝟏 = 𝑳−𝟏 𝒆
𝒔𝟐+𝟏 𝒔𝟐+𝟏
−1 1
𝐿 = sin 𝑡
𝑠2 +1
𝝅𝒔 𝝅
𝒆−𝟑 𝟎 𝒕<
𝑮(𝒕) = 𝑳−𝟏 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝑭 𝒔 = 𝑳−𝟏 = 𝟑
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 𝝅 𝝅
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕 − 𝒕>
𝟑 𝟑
5) Functions which can be decomposed using P.F method
Any rational function P(s)/Q(s) where P(s) and Q(s) are
polynomials, with the degree of P(s) less than that of Q(s)
𝑨 𝑨𝒔+𝑩
, 𝟐 where r=1,2,3,...
(𝒂𝒔+𝒃)𝒓 (𝒂𝒔 +𝒃𝒔+𝒄)𝒓
𝟏
Find inverse of Laplace Transform of the function
𝒔(𝒔−𝟏)(𝒔−𝟐)(𝒔−𝟑)
𝟏
lim 𝐹(𝑠) = lim = 0 then the inverse L.T exists.
𝑠→∞ 𝑠→∞ 𝒔(𝒔−𝟏)(𝒔−𝟐)(𝒔−𝟑)
𝟏 𝑨 𝑩 𝒄 𝑫
F(s) = = + + +
𝒔(𝒔 − 𝟏)(𝒔 − 𝟐)(𝒔 − 𝟑) 𝒔 (𝒔 − 𝟏) (𝒔 − 𝟐) (𝒔 − 𝟑)
−𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟔 𝟐 𝟐 𝟔
𝑭 𝒔 = 𝒔(𝒔−𝟏)(𝒔−𝟐)(𝒔−𝟑)
= 𝒔
+ (𝒔−𝟏)
+ (𝒔−𝟐)
+ (𝒔−𝟑)
−1 1 −1 1
𝑓 𝑡 = 𝐿−1 𝐹(𝑠) = 𝐿−1 6 + 2 + 2 + 6
𝑠 (𝑠 − 1) (𝑠 − 2) (𝑠 − 3)
−𝟏 −𝟏
−𝟏 𝟏 𝒕 𝟏 𝟐𝒕 𝟏 𝟑𝒕
𝒇 𝒕 = 𝑳 𝑭(𝒔) = 𝑳 + 𝒆 − 𝒆 + 𝒆
𝟔 𝟐 𝟐 𝟔
𝒔𝟐 −𝟒𝒔+𝟕
𝑭 𝒔 =
𝒔𝟒 −𝟒𝒔𝟑 +𝟔𝒔𝟐 −𝟒𝒔+𝟏
𝒔𝟐 −𝟒𝒔+𝟕
lim 𝐹(𝑠) = lim 𝟒 𝟑 𝟐 = 0 then the inverse L.T exists
𝑠→∞ 𝑠→∞ 𝒔 −𝟒𝒔 +𝟔𝒔 −𝟒𝒔+𝟏
𝒔𝟐 −𝟒𝒔+𝟕 𝑨 𝑩 𝒄 𝑫
= + + +
(𝒔−𝟏)𝟒 (𝒔−𝟏)𝟒 (𝒔−𝟏)𝟑 (𝒔−𝟏)𝟐 (𝒔−𝟏)
A= 4 , 𝐵 = −2, 𝐶 = 1, 𝐷 = 0 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
𝟒 𝟐 𝟏
𝐹 𝑠 = − +
(𝒔−𝟏)𝟒 (𝒔−𝟏)𝟑 (𝒔−𝟏)𝟐
𝒇 𝒕 = 𝑳−𝟏 𝑭(𝒔)
−𝟏
𝟒 𝟐 𝟏
= 𝑳 𝟒
− 𝟑
+
(𝒔 − 𝟏) (𝒔 − 𝟏) (𝒔 − 𝟏)𝟐
−𝟏 𝒕 −𝟏
𝟒 𝟑! 𝟐 𝟏
𝒇 𝒕 = 𝑳 𝑭(𝒔) = 𝒆 𝑳 𝟒
− 𝟑
+
𝟑! (𝒔) 𝒔 (𝒔)𝟐
−1 𝑡
2 3
𝑓 𝑡 = 𝐿 𝐹 𝑠 = 𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑡2 + 𝑡
3
6) Functions whose Derivatives has a known Inverse
In this case, the function F(s) can be reducing to one of the standard
𝑑𝐹 𝑠
forms by calculating = 𝐹′ 𝑠 ,
𝑑𝑠
𝒅(𝒏)
𝑳−𝟏 𝑭′ 𝒏 (𝒔) = 𝑳−𝟏 𝑭(𝒔) = −𝟏 𝒏 𝒕𝒏 𝒇(𝒕)
𝒅𝒔(𝒏)
𝒔+𝟏
Find inverse of Laplace Transform of the function 𝒍𝒏
𝒔−𝟏
𝒔+𝟏
lim 𝐹(𝑠) = lim = 0 then the inverse L.T exists
𝑠→∞ 𝑠→∞ 𝒔−𝟏
𝑠+1
F(s) = ln = ln 𝑠 + 1 − ln(𝑠 − 1)
𝑠−1
𝟏 𝟏
F’(s) = −
𝒔+𝟏 𝒔−𝟏
−𝟏 −𝟏
𝟏 𝟏
𝑳 𝑭′(𝒔) = 𝑳 − = 𝒆−𝒕 − 𝒆𝒕 … … … . (𝑖)
𝒔+𝟏 𝒔−𝟏
= −𝟏 𝒕𝒇 𝒕 = −𝒕𝒇 𝒕 … … … . (𝑖𝑖)
𝒆𝒕− 𝒆 −𝒕
𝒇 𝒕 =
𝒕
7) Functions whose Integral has a known Inverse:
∞ 𝒇 𝒕
If 𝐿−1 𝐹 𝑠 = 𝑓 𝑡 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑳 −𝟏
𝑭 𝒔 𝒔 𝒅𝒔 =
𝒕
Find inverse of Laplace Transform of the function
−𝟐𝒔
𝐅(𝐬) = 𝟐
(𝒔 − 𝟏)𝟐
∞ ∞ ∞
−2𝑠
න 𝐹 𝑠 𝑑𝑠 = න 2 2
𝑑𝑠 = න −2𝑠 𝑠 2 + 1 −2
𝑑𝑠
𝑠 −1
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
1 ∞ −1
= =
𝑠 2 +1 𝑠 𝑠 2 +1
∞
−𝟏
𝒇 𝒕 −𝟏
−𝟏 𝒇 𝒕
𝑳 න 𝑭 𝒔 𝒅𝒔 = 𝑳 𝟐
= −𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 =
𝒕 𝒔 +𝟏 𝒕
𝒔
𝒇 𝒕 = −𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕
𝑭 𝒔
8) Functions divided by S 𝑳−𝟏
𝒔
𝑭 𝒔 𝒕
If 𝑳−𝟏 𝑭(𝒔) = 𝑓 𝑡 , 𝑳 −𝟏 = 𝒇 𝟎 𝒕 𝒅𝒕
𝒔
If F1(s) and F2(s) are the transforms of the functions f1(t) and
f2(t) respectively ,
i.e. 𝐿 𝑓1 𝑡 = 𝐹1 𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿 𝑓2 𝑡 = 𝐹2 𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
𝒕
𝑳 න 𝒇𝟏 𝝉 𝒇𝟐 𝒕 − 𝝉 𝒅𝝉 = 𝑭𝟏 𝒔 . 𝑭𝟐 𝒔
𝟎
The inverse of the convolution theorem is hold
𝑡
𝑓 𝑡 = න 𝑒𝜏 𝑒2 𝑡−𝜏
𝑑𝜏 = 𝑒 2𝑡 − 𝑒 𝑡
0
𝟏
Find inverse of Laplace Transform of the function
𝒔𝟐 (𝒔+𝟏) 𝟐
𝟏
lim 𝐹(𝑠) = lim = 0 then the inverse L.T exists
𝑠→∞ 𝑠→∞ 𝒔𝟐(𝒔+𝟏)𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
𝑭𝟏 𝒔 = 𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭𝟐 𝒔 =
𝒔 (𝒔 + 𝟏)𝟐
−𝟏 −𝟏
𝟏
𝒇𝟏 𝒕 = 𝑳 𝑭𝟏 𝒔 = 𝑳 𝟐
= 𝒕
𝒔
−1 −1
1 −𝑡
𝑓2 𝑡 = 𝐿 𝐹2 𝑠 = 𝐿 = 𝑡𝑒
(𝑠 + 1)2
𝒕
𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
= න 𝒇𝟏 𝝉 𝒇𝟐 𝒕 − 𝝉 𝒅𝝉
𝒔 (𝒔 + 𝟏)
𝟎
𝑡 𝑡
= 0 𝜏 𝑡−𝜏 𝑒 −𝑡+𝜏 𝑑𝜏 = 𝑒 −𝑡 0 (𝑡𝜏 − 𝜏 2)𝑒 𝜏 𝑑𝜏
𝑡
= 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑡𝜏 − 𝜏2 𝑒𝜏 − න 𝑡 − 2𝜏 𝑒 𝜏 𝑑𝜏
0
𝒇 𝒕 = 𝒕 − 𝟐 + (𝒕 + 𝟐)𝒆−𝒕
Laplace Transform for solving Linear ODE with constant coefficients
L(y(t)) = Y(s)
𝑛
L 𝑦 (𝑡) = 𝑠 𝑛 𝑌 𝑠 − 𝑠 𝑛−1 𝑦 0 − ⋯ … … … . − 𝑦 𝑛−1
(0)
Solve the differential equation y′′+9y=0 with the initial
conditions
y(0)=0, y'(0) = 2
𝐿 𝑦 ′′ + 𝐿 9𝑦 = 𝐿(0)
𝒔𝟐 Y(s)- s y(0)-y'(0)+9Y(s) = 0
Using the given conditions, we have
𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑
𝒔 + 𝟗 𝒀 𝒔 = 𝟐 => 𝒀 𝒔 = 𝟐 =
(𝒔 + 𝟗) 𝟑 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟗
Taking inverse Laplace transform of both sides
𝟐
𝐲(𝐭) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟑𝒕)
𝟑
Solve the differential equation 𝒚′′ − 𝟑𝒚′ + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟒𝒆𝟐𝒕
y(0) = -3 , y'(0) =5
𝐿 𝑦′′ − 3𝐿 𝑦 ′ + 2𝐿 𝑦 = 4𝐿 𝑒 2𝑡
𝟐 ′ 𝟒
𝒔 𝒀 𝒔 − 𝒔𝒚 𝟎 − 𝒚 𝟎 − 𝟑 𝒔𝒀 𝒔 − 𝒚 𝟎 + 𝟐𝒀 𝒔 =
𝒔−𝟐
Using the given conditions, we have
4
𝑠 2 𝑌 𝑠 − 𝑠 −3 − 5 − 3 𝑠𝑌 𝑠 − −3 + 2𝑌 𝑠 =
𝑠−2
𝟐 𝟒
𝒔 − 𝟑𝒔 + 𝟐 𝒀 𝒔 + 𝟑𝒔 − 𝟏𝟒 =
𝒔−𝟐
𝟒 𝟏𝟒−𝟑𝒔
Y(s) = +
𝒔𝟐 −𝟑𝒔+𝟐 𝒔−𝟐 𝒔𝟐 −𝟑𝒔+𝟐
𝟑𝒔𝟐 +𝟐𝟎𝒔−𝟐𝟒 −𝟕 𝟒 𝟒
Y(s) = , Y(s) = + +
𝒔−𝟏 𝒔−𝟐 𝟐 𝒔−𝟏 𝒔−𝟐 (𝒔−𝟐)𝟐
𝐲(𝐭) = 𝟕𝒆𝒕 + 𝟒𝒆𝟐𝒕 + 𝟒𝒕𝒆𝟐𝒕