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The document describes the steps to perform hypothesis tests for various statistical analyses, including tests for single proportions, comparing proportions, single means, comparing means, single variances, and comparing variances. The steps include stating the hypothesis, calculating relevant scores like z-scores and t-scores, finding p-values, and determining whether to reject the null hypothesis. Excel functions for relevant distributions are also listed.

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Jordan Belke
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218 views7 pages

Flowchart 2

The document describes the steps to perform hypothesis tests for various statistical analyses, including tests for single proportions, comparing proportions, single means, comparing means, single variances, and comparing variances. The steps include stating the hypothesis, calculating relevant scores like z-scores and t-scores, finding p-values, and determining whether to reject the null hypothesis. Excel functions for relevant distributions are also listed.

Uploaded by

Jordan Belke
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Probability of Observing a Quantity or Proportion

Quantity

State a quantity or proportion

Proportion

Excel functions standard deviation of quantities = stdev(data) area to the left of t-score = t.dist(t-score, degrees of freedom, TRUE) area to the left of z-score = norm.s.dist(z-score, TRUE)
t-score =

Calculate the score


stated quantity sample mean standard deviation z-score =

Calculate the score


stated proportion sample proportion standard deviation

Find the area to the left of the score

The shaded area is the probability of observing a quantity or proportion less than or equal to the stated quantity or proportion.

Hypothesis Test for a Single Proportion


H0 < HA >

State the hypothesis

Comparing a sample proportion to a fixed quantity H0 : population proportion = standard error =

H0 > HA <

H0 = HA

(1 )
N
Calculate the score
z-score = sample proportion standard error

Confidence Interval p ( critical value ) p (1 p ) N

Find the area to the left of the score (standard normal distribution)

Find the p-value (standard normal distribution)

Excel functions area = norm.s.dist(z-score, TRUE) z-score = norm.s.inv(area)

p-value = 1 norm.s.dist(z-score, TRUE)

p-value = 2 x (1 norm.s.dist(abs(z-score), TRUE))

p-value = norm.s.dist(z-score, TRUE)

State the conclusion

p-value approach: The probability of the null hypothesis being true is the p-value. Significance approach: If p-value < significance level, reject the null hypothesis.

Hypothesis Test for Comparing Proportions


H0 < HA >

State the hypothesis

H0 > HA <

H0 = HA

Comparing two sample proportions H0 : population proportion 1 = population proportion 2 standard error = p1 ( 1 p1 ) p2 (1 p2 ) + N1 N2
Calculate the score
z-score = sample proportion standard error

Find the area to the left of the score (standard normal distribution)

Find the p-value (standard normal distribution)

Excel functions area = norm.s.dist(z-score, TRUE) z-score = norm.s.inv(area)

p-value = 1 norm.s.dist(z-score, TRUE)

p-value = 2 x (1 norm.s.dist(abs(z-score), TRUE))

p-value = norm.s.dist(z-score, TRUE)

State the conclusion

p-value approach: The probability of the null hypothesis being true is the p-value. Significance approach: If p-value < significance level, reject the null hypothesis.

Hypothesis Test for a Single Mean


H0 < HA >

State the hypothesis

H0 > HA <

H0 = HA

Comparing a sample mean to a fixed quantity H0 : population mean = s2 N degrees of freedom = N 1 standard error =

Calculate the score


t-score = sample mean standard error

Confidence Interval x ( critical value ) s2 N


Find the area to the left of the score (t distribution)

Find the p-value (t distribution)

Excel functions area = t.dist(t-score, degrees of freedom, TRUE) t-score = t.inv(area, degrees of freedom)

p-value = 1 t.dist(t-score, df, TRUE)

p-value = 2 x (1 t.dist(abs(t-score), df, TRUE))

p-value = t.dist(t-score, df, TRUE)

State the conclusion

p-value approach: The probability of the null hypothesis being true is the p-value. Significance approach: If p-value < significance level, reject the null hypothesis.

Hypothesis Test for Comparing Means


H0 < HA >

State the hypothesis

H0 > HA <

H0 = HA

Comparing two sample means H0 : population mean 1 = population mean 2 standard error =
2 2 s1 s2 + N1 N2

Calculate the score


t-score = sample mean 1 sample mean 2 standard error

degrees of freedom N1 + N2 2

Find the area to the left of the score (t distribution)

Find the p-value (t distribution)

Excel functions area = t.dist(t-score, degrees of freedom, TRUE) t-score = t.inv(area, degrees of freedom) area to the nearest tail = t.test(data set 1, data set 2, 1, 3)

p-value = 1 t.dist(t-score, df, TRUE)

p-value = 2 x (1 t.dist(abs(t-score), df, TRUE))

p-value = t.dist(t-score, df, TRUE)

State the conclusion

p-value approach: The probability of the null hypothesis being true is the p-value. Significance approach: If p-value < significance level, reject the null hypothesis.

Hypothesis Test for a Single Variance


H0 < HA >

State the hypothesis

Comparing a variance to a fixed quantity H0 : population variance = 2 degrees of freedom = N 1

H0 > HA <

H0 = HA

Calculate the score

2 -score =

( N 1 ) s2
2

Find the area to the left of the score (Chi-squared distribution)

Find the p-value (Chi-squared distribution)

Excel functions area = chisq.dist(score, degrees of freedom, TRUE)

p-value = 1 chi.dist(x-score, df, TRUE)

p-value = 2 x min(1 chi.dist(x-score, df, TRUE), chi.dist(x-score, df, TRUE))

2 -score = chisq.inv(area, degrees of freedom)

p-value = chi.dist(x-score, df, TRUE)

State the conclusion

p-value approach: The probability of the null hypothesis being true is the p-value. Significance approach: If p-value < significance level, reject the null hypothesis.

Hypothesis Test for Comparing Variances


H0 < HA >

State the hypothesis

H0 > HA <

H0 = HA

Comparing two variances H0 : population variance 1 = population variance 2 degrees of freedom smaller variance = Nsmaller variance 1 degrees of freedom larger variance = Nlarger variance 1

Calculate the score


F-score =
2 ssmaller variance 2 slarger variance

Find the area to the left of the score (F distribution)

Find the p-value (F distribution)

Excel functions area = f.dist(f-score, df for smaller variance, df for larger variance, TRUE) F-score = f.inv(area, df for smaller variance, df for larger variance)
State the conclusion

p-value approach: The probability of the null hypothesis being true is the p-value. Significance approach: If p-value < significance level, reject the null hypothesis.

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