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Answer Key

Uploaded by

karthicks
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Name of the Subject Code & Name: CE8394 & Fluid Mechanics and

Machinery

PART – A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. Define specific volume of a fluid and write its unit.

 Specific volume is defined as the volume of fluid occupied by unit mass.

 Its unit is m3/kg

2. What are the assumptions made in the derivation of Euler’s equation?

 The fluid is ideal

 The flow is steady

 The flow is along a streamline

3. List the major and minor losses encountered in pipe flow.

 Major Losses

 Friction Loss

 Minor Losses

 Loss due to sudden enlargement

 Loss due to sudden contraction

 Loss at entrance of pipe

 Loss at exit of pipe

 Loss in bends

 Loss in pipe fitting

4. Define Boundary Layer Thickness.

Boundary Layer Thickness is defined as the distance from the boundary (in y-
direction) where the velocity attains a value of 99% of the mainstream velocity.
It is denoted by the symbol δ.

5. Write the dimension of surface tension and vapour pressure in MLT


system.

(i) Surface tension, σ = MLT-2


(ii) Vapour pressure, pv = ML-1T-2

6. Define Mach number.

Mach number is defined as the square root of the inertia force of a flowing fluid
to elastic force.

7. Classify pumps on the basis of transfer of mechanical energy.

(i) Single stage centrifugal pump

(ii) Multi-stage centrifugal pump

8. What is Indicator diagram?

Indicator diagram is a graph plotted between pressure head in the cylinder and
distance traveled by piston from inner dead centre for one complete revolution
of the crank.

9. Differentiate the impulse and reaction turbine.

Sl.
Impulse turbine Reaction turbine
No.
1 All potential energies are Only a portion of the fluid energy
converted into kinetic energy by is transferred into kinetic energy
nozzle before entering the turbine before the fluid stream enters the
runner. turbine.
2 Flow regulation is possible without Flow regulation is possible with
loss. loss.
3 Flow is regulated by means of a Flow is regulated by means of a
needle valve fitted into the nozzle. guide-vane assembly.
4 Water may be allowed to enter a Water is admitted over the
circumference of the wheel.
part or whole of the wheel
circumference.

10.What is hydraulic efficiency?

Hydraulic efficiency is defined as the ratio of power developed by the runner to


the power supplied by the water jet.
PART – B (5 x 16 = 80)
11. (a) Calculate the specific weight, mass density, specific gravity and specific
volume of oil having a volume of 4.5m3 and weight of 40kN.
(OR)

11. (b) State Bernoulli’s theorem for a steady flow of an incompressible fluid and
drive the expression for Bernoulli’s equation.
12. (a) A pipeline carrying oil of specific graving 0.85 changes in diameter from 350
mm at position 1 to 550 mm diameter to a position 2 which is at 6 m at a higher
level. If the pressure at position 1 and 2 are taken as 20 N/cm2 and 15 N/cm2
respectively and the discharge through the pipe is 0.2 m3/s. Determine the loss of
head and direction of flow.

(OR)
12. (b) A liquid flows through a short pipe which branches into two parallel pipes A
and B each with a length of 50 m and with inside diameter of 25 mm and 50 mm
respectively. The ends of the pipes are connected together by another short pipe.
Determine the flow through each pipe if they have a drop in elevation of 3 m.
Assume a constant Fanning friction factor in both pipes of 0.005
13. (a) A partially submerged body is towed in water. The resistance R to its motion
depends on the density ρ, the viscosity μ of water, length l of the body, velocity V
of the body and acceleration due to gravity g. Show that the resistance to motion
can be expressed in the from R=ρl^2 V^2∅ [(μ/ρLV),(lg/V)].

(OR)
13. (b) A 7.2 m high and 15 m long spillway discharge 94 m3/s under a head of 2 m.
If a 1:9 scale model of this spillway is to be constructed, determine the model law
to be used, model dimensions, head at spillway and discharge in the model. If the
model experiences a force of 746 N, determine the force on prototype.
14. (a) A centrifugal pump runs at 1000 rpm with their vane angle at inlet and
outlet as 20° and 35° respectively. The internal and external diameter are 25 cm
and 50 cm respectively. Find the work done per N of water assuming velocity of
flow as constant. Assume the water radially entering the pump.

(OR)

14. (b) Briefly explain the types of rotary pumps with neat sketch.
15. (a) Explain the working principle of Kaplan turbine and derive the working
proportion of its design.
(OR)

15. (b) A Pelton wheel has a mean bucket speed of 12 m/s and supplied with the
water at the rate of 0.7 m3/s under a head of 300 m. If the buckets deflect the jet
through an angle of 160°, find the power developed and hydraulic efficiency of the
turbine.

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