". NCERT IMPORTANT SCIENTIST'S NAME (BIOLOGY) S.No ‘Sub Toples S.No. Name of Sclentist Event Proposed the biological concept of Ernst Mayr (Gpecied> 1 The Living World a faneseoty (Gece of biology in 1983, 1994 and 1999. a Aristotle Provide scientific basis of classification 1. Proposed two kingdom classification 5 Carolus Linnaeus | °° P {Carl Von Linne) ~ | > wrote a book Systema naturae Proposed five kingdom classification 5 Biological 3 RH. Whittaker | (196; Classification jiscovered pausing agent of mosaic a Dmitri anowsky Geel tobacco (1892) ‘Coined term ‘Contagium Vivum: 5 MLW. Beijerinek Fluidum’ (infectious living fluid) for virus fluid (1898) 6 'W.M. Stanley v Crystallised T.M.V. first time (1935) i T.O. Diener Discovered the viroids (1971) George Bentham and 3 Plant Kingdom 1 ‘Joseph Dalton _| Classification of Flowering Plants Hooker { . ‘Anatomy of a Ciaterine sta | Wrote? Book “The Anatomy of Seed flowering Plants _| Plants" 1 Antan Yon First saw and described a live cell Leeuwenhoek = 2 Robert Brown __| Discovered the nucleus ‘Matthias Schleiden & 3 ‘Theodore Schwann Proposed Cell theory t >| 4, Explained Omnis Cellula -e-cellula 4 Ruilolf Virchow [> “Proposed Modern cell- Theory or Modified cell theory A lc eg unitof [5 H.C. Gram Developed Gram staining Technique life , 7 a Singer and Nicolson | PTOP0sed fluid Mosaic model of cell , membrane 7 Camillo Golgi__| First observed Golgi apparatus re 8 George Palade _| First observed Ribosome 9 Flemming | Coined the term chromatin for nucleus Material 10 | 6.W.Agmachandran Cae eualceomenset0. (BIEeAY PA! —> Ingengnovse Mineral Nutrition 1 Jullus Von Sachs First the demonstrate the Hydroponics technique Joseph Priestley (1) Discovered@xyeen) |———————jrag | (2) Revealed the le of airin the growth of green plants Jan Ingenhousz {1) Discovered the Role of sun-light in Photosynthesis (2) Only the of the plants that coul detht Discovered that Glucose is usually 3 Jutus Von sachs | Coreg as starch a 3 beers ip (1) Desaribed the first action spectrum ligher Plants i. of photosynthesis 4 T.W. Engelmann - 77 (2) Experiment using and aerobic cteria green alga-Cl fe Cornelius Van Niel Inferred that the volved by the biologist green plant iy jot from. 2 GbE | co, (ikette (1) Proposed the Calvin cycle 6 Melvin Calvin (2) Discoved that first product of CO. fixation was / | isto) i Blackman Proposed Law of iting factors Respiration in Gustav Embden, Otto | 5, sosed Glycolysis Pathway = Plants a Mererict: [emp-Pathway] J. Parnas 7 a Charles Darwin and_|Gtidied phototropism in coleoptiles of Francis Darwin : |GSolate auxin from tips of coleoptiles of 2 _F.W. went fies lings fe (Tears fem (a(Reported symptoms of disease by fungus (Gibberellic fujikuroi) 15 | Plant Growth and | 3 Development i (2) study the bakanae diseases of rice y seedlings Wer I = qT (Divan ion he Aig 4 Skoog and Miller promoting active substance Reatin that they termed kinetin 5 H.H. Cousins’ _| Discovered Ethylene a gaseous PGRSub Topics Name of Sclontlst | Event ] eee | | Word animal tissue was coined (Father Structural 1 of Histology) > | - Organisation in eee ee ——} Animals. 2 Funder of Microscopic Anatorny ” = To ie fi Detail the and 1 1 | willam Harvey Ea REE | Qos Aol ———— 2 (Landsteiner> Discovered Blood group A,B, 0) oma — 4 18 ma aes 3 Discoverec(AB)Blood group | Circulation PB elo = _Strvli ‘Landsteiner & : 4 | aeineg Discovered Rh factor | s Marcello Malpight | Discovered Blood Capillarivs | 1 Walter Cannon Concept of Homeostasis Excretory T 19 Products and 1 Corpuscles Their Elimination 2 Marcello Malpighi es 2. Malpighian Tubyle System in insect 3+ Mrepsopre net roms « meee 1 Sidngfllament thon 1 ‘& Neal : Locomotion & - ao | tecamenon, 2. Principle of Muscle Movement 2 Flelaing Hoxtey Siding-fitarrent-thee ry 1 | wan Petrovich Pavlov | Concept of conditioned reflex 2 | Pierre paul roca | Research on Broca's area. Neural control _,. | Sir Charles Scothhs 21 | and coordination’ |” 62 | sherrington Th : # [ponies | Retaetieoistiniesoteve 5 Alfonso Cortl Organ of Corti Ac | The structure of Protein. chemical | [EEN Frederick sanger* 2 Coordination & Ke | (Especially insulin) & &# Integration Edward Calving sz z © [eeauemeetyroxneyy: Reproduction in 1 Organism : : : sexual reproduction | Paickana 2 | inflowering plants hn _4 Eee) 1. Laws of inheritance Gregor Mendel 1 (Experiments) " 1856-1863, anna 2. Test cross” ‘i James Dewey Pe 2 eee 1, DNA double helix model & Francis crick ee { (1953) : \.3. | Reginald Punnett | 1. Punnett square | De vries, Correns & : 1. Independently redi t] | Principles off 4] Vontsthermak | iendetsvork | 5 Inheritance and (1900) _ | variation Walter Sutton & : 5 | Theodore Boveri | 1. Chromosomal theory of inheritance | & (1902) 1, Experimental verification of the : inherit ; thomas Huine | “hfomosomal theory of inheritance an Mora Coined the term linkage 7 | Alfred sturtevant | 1. Linkage Maps ; Henking 1 bay 9 eae 1. Down's syndrome 1 |LLEN 1 Friedrich Melscher Maurice Wilkins & use) | 1. Nuclein’ 1. X ray diffraction of DNA molecule 2 a! 1 Watson & —~ 3 | “raneiscrick | 2. Double helix model of Dua | (1953) i 4 Francis erick 1, Central dogma ~~ —¥ 5 | Frederick Griffith | 1 transforming principle (1928) | Oswald Avery, | Colin Macleod | 1, Biochemial characterisation of | | “© |g Maclyn McCarty | transforming principle \| (1933-1944) | Alfred Hershey & ' : | 7 Martha chase | 1. DNAis genetic material | (2953) Molecular b: isha Matthew Meselson Heavy asorepe inheritance cat 8 | &Franklinstahl | 1. Semiconservative replication of DN - Assy i TL. Experimental proof of 9 cave semiconservative replication on vicia faba R.A Thymidme 10 | GeorgeGamow _ | 1. Triplet nature of codon |. SynthesisedENAYnolecules wi 11 | HarGovind khorana | 2 SvrthesisedRNAnolecules with defined combination of bases 12_| Marshall Nirenberg. | 2: Deciphered the codes using cellfree system for protein synthesis Francois Jacob & B een 1. Lac operon Jacque monod 14 | Fredericksanger | 1: ONAsequencing 2 Seana methods | 15 Alecjefferys | 1. DNA fingerprinting Strategies for | Norman E.Borlaug” 1. Father of green revolution 9 | enhancementin food production x MS.Swaminathan | 1. Father of green revolution in India 1 | Alexander fleming | 1. Disocvered Penicillin Microbes in human 10 ‘ aaa > Ernest chain & | | 1. Established full potential of penicilin Howard Florey asan antibioticBiotechnology etahlay, Bhan Principles & u mee : Herbert Boyer | 1, Made First recombinant NA Processes 0393) Biotechnolony & its | 2 application 1 Ramdeo Misra 1, Father of fnidian ecology "5 | 1. Mammals from colder climate 2 Allen generally have shorter ears limbs to. minimize heat loss (Allen's rule) / growing | animal like elephant could reach ‘Grianism & 3 Darwin enormous number in absence of check = populations 2. Struggle for existence 3, Survival of the fittest in nature. 4 Gause 1, Gause's competitive exclusion principle 5 Connell 1. Competitiverelease 6 Mac Arthur 1. Resource partitioning 4 Ecosystem 1 | Robertconstanza | 1, Price tag on natural resource 1 Edward wilson | 1. Term biodiversity 2 Robert May 1. Estimate global species diversity Alexander van it 1, Species area relationshi ie Biodiversity & 3 Haeneola p Pp conservation 1. Importance of species diversity to the 4 David Tilman | ete 5 Paul Ehrlich 1. Rivet Popper hypothesis 16 | Environmental Issue aeChapter Sub Topics Name of Scientist 1 Louls Pasteur 2 Oparin & Haldane Theory of Evolution Hero. |__| 3 S.L. Miller Experimentally ‘Support Chemical Evolution | | 4 Charles Darwin _| Theory of Natural Selection 5 Alfred Wallace | co-developed Theory of Natural Selection 7 Evolution Jean Baptiste Lamarckism/Theory of Inheritance of") § | “Detamarck — |equired’charactens 7 ag 7 | Thomas Malthus _|(fheory of Population’ F 8 Hugo deVries Mutation Theory 9 Hardy & Weinberg | Hardy - Wi berg Principal 10 Ernst Heckel__ | Embryological support for evolution 11 | Karl a the Heckel’s Proposal 1 Hippocrates _| Proposed 'Good Humor’ Hypothesis Human Health 8 fi ; : ‘And Disease 1. Disproved 'Good Humor’ Hypothesis 2 WillamHavey- | 2. Discovered Blood Circulationea cr Biology-X! ee —————— EN a ZE Pre Medial NCERT IMPORTANT EXAMPLES {HE LIVING WORLD EXAMPLES [jo — Mode of asexual reproduction : [1._[ Budding Yeast and Hydra 2. _| Spore formation Fungi Planaria (Flat worms) Fungi, filamentous algae and protonema of moss Amoeba 3._| True regeneration 4. _| Fragmentation 5._| Binary fission ‘Some important example: 1. | Sterile or infertile organism Worker honey bee, infertile human couples ‘Wheat, Rice, Plants, Alsatians, Dogs, Cats, Mammals, Animals ‘Mangifera indica Solanum tuberosum, Solanum nigrum, Solanum melongina Panthera leo Panthera tigris Panthera pardus 4. | Example of Genus Spr Solanum, Datura, Petunia, Felis, Panthera 5. | Example of Family ‘Solanaceae, Convolvulaceae, Poaceae, Anacardiaceae, Felidae, Canidae 6. _| Example of Order Poales, Sapindales, Polymoniales, Carnivora, 2. | Example of Taxa 3. _| Example of Species Primata 7. _| Example of Class Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals 8. | Taxonomical Aids Herbarium, Botanical gardens, Museum, Zoological parks, Taxonomic keys TABLE : ORGANISMS WITH THEIR: TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES Common | Biological | Genus Family Order Class Phylum/ Name | Name +208 Geteden Division Man Homo Homo |Hominidae _|Primata | [Mammalia Chordata sapiens |. Housefly [Musca |Musca |Muscidae [Diptera _Insecta [Arthropoda domestica Wf se Ay Mango |Mangifera |Mangifera |Anacardiaceae |Sapindales[Dicotyledonae —_| Angiospermae indica af tay Wheat [Triticum Triticum {Poaceae :|Poales Monocotyledonae |Angiospermae jaestivumNCR Biology-x1 EXAMPLES PreMedieat Petes BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION eee ea ee Kingdom ql Group Organism ~ | Eubacteria Coccus (Spherical) Bacillus Rod shaped) Spiritar (Spiral) Vibrium (Comma shaped) Monera Archaebacteria Halophiles Thermoacidophiles Methanogens ‘Cyanobacteria ‘Nostoc Anabaena Chrysophytes Desmid & Diatorns Dinoflagellates Gonyaulax Euglenoids Euglena Protozoa Lier) ‘Amoeboid ‘Amoeba Entamoeba Flagellated | Tivpanosoma Clliated Paramoecium Sporozoan ‘Plasmodium Phycomycetes “Albugo Mucor Rhizopus ‘Ascomycetes CO Yeas (sacchaleens A + | Penicillium N Aspergillus Fungi ab} Yeast Claviceps Penecinivm oe forel Morals 7 Tressels | 7. ine, Basidiomycetes (yp fy _ | Puccinia (Rust) ,_ | Ustilago (Smut) Grater Qrnai | Agaricus (Mushroom) pus Gat) Bracket fungi Puff ball | oO EEEALLEN Pre-Medical Deuteromycetes Alternaria Colletotrichum | | Trichoderma } naasieon is Biodder wort os Venus fy trap | Parasitic plant | Cuscuta ea Tobacco mosaic virus Mumps virus Viruses Herpes virus Small pox virus Influenza virus Viroid Potato spindle tuber viroids Bovine spongy encephalopathy Prions Mad Cow disease (Cracob disease—~er- (nen ALLEN Prenedicat ch Biotoay Xt jophyta PLANT KINGDOM Microphi Algae Macroph “plunydomonas, Chlorella Unicellular form (Chlamydo Cones a: Colonial form Vobax Heteros Jothex, Spirogyra, Eetocarpous Filamentous form Uloth Psilopsic Kelps Massive plant body Lycopsi Green Algae : ame flvox, Chlamydomonas, Chara, Ulothris, Spirogyra Votvox, Chtamydom = Brown Algae : Gymnospen Extocarpous, Dienpta, Laminaria, Sargassum, Fucus Mycon Red Algae : Coral Pobsiphonia, Porphyra, Gracilaria, Gelidum Branct Sexual reproduction in algae Unbra Isogamy : Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra, Ulothnix Mono. Anisogamy : Eudorina Dioeci Cogamy : Valor, Fucus, Red Algae Red Economical importance of Algae Angiospern Algze used as food Porphyra, Laminaria and Sargassum Source of Algin + BreteAIge Micro Source of Carageen + Red Algae Life cycle Source Gar Bhd GSC Hap ‘Algae rich in protein Chlorella Bryophyta : i Liverwort Marchantia te Moss ‘ Funarts, Polyrichur, Sphagnum PSF *Mictophylas pteridophyte Macrophyllus pteridophyte Cones are formed Heterosporous pteridophytes Psilopsida, Lycopsida Pteropsida ‘easiaperna Mycorthiza Coralloid root Branched stem Unbranched stem Monoeclous gymanosperm Dioecious gymnosperm Red wood tree Angiosperm : Microscopic angiosperm Life cycle pattern = Heplontic life cycle Diplontic life cycle : Haplodiplontic life cycle : 2 P [Sehginehi | Fem) Selaginelia, Salvinia Psilotu Selaginella, Lycopodium Equisetum Dryopteris, Pteris, Adiantum > Pinus Queas Pinus, Cedrus Oveas Pinus qm as cD Sequoia Volvox, Spirogyra, Chlamydomonas, Most algal genera Fucus, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms Ectocarpus, Polysiphonia, Kelps, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes = eS— ALLEN’ NCR Biology, _ NCR Biology-X! ALLEN MP. —_ Al EXAMPLES a. Anh Love of organisation eee 7 (1) Loose col aggregates “Sponaee {2) Tssue level of organisation Celielanes (3) Organ leet of oxgantsation See (4 Organ system level of organisation * Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca Echinoderms and Chordates, [ a2. | Moi 2 | Sommetry Examples YASImMetHEal * Sponges (2) Radial symmetry * Coclanterates, Ctenophores, (3) Bilateral symmetry Echinoderms * Annelids, Arthropods —|_ 3 PDS a, Cooenterates i *Triploblastic 9, Platyhelminthes to chordates (49 | Metamerie segmentation 9, Earthworm Phylum Example 5. | Porifera ‘Speon Seyphal, 14. | He ‘Spongils (Fresh water sponge) Euspongia (Bath sponge) Phy 6. _ | Coelenterata (Gridari) “Hidra, Adamsia Sea anemone) a Aurelia ely fish) Physalia (Portuguese man of wat) olen Pennatulta (Sea Pen) 2. | Cer Gorgonia (Sea Fen) Meandrina Brain cora) Ver 7. _ | Gtenophora Pleurobrachia Ci Grenoplana ca? 8, | Plalyhelminthes Planeria, Taenia (Tapewor) Fasciola (Liver fake 3 [Acar Asso ed “ld Wachereria lara worm) ‘Aneylostoma Hook worm) 10. | Anneliads ‘Nereis, Pheretima (Earhworm) Hiradlneria (Blood Sucking leecH) |- Mollusca rrdates shores, 12. ‘Arthropoda Mollusca September Ht Cute ish Apis oney bee), Bombyx (Sihworr, (aeEHfe Lac insect) * Vectors = Anopheles, Cue and Aedes Mowtoes) * Gregorious pest ~ Locista (Locust), Living fossil ~ Limulus] (King crab) Pila Apple Pinctada Peslaysten, Sep (Cate HR Loligo (Squid); Octopus Dev! fish), Aplsta ea hore) Dentalhan (Tusk shel, ‘Chatoptewe (Con) 13. Echinodermata “Asteria Star fish) Echinus (Sea urchin) Antedon (Sea ily) Cucumaria Gea cucumber) Ophiara (Brite stat) ponge) ) 14. Hemichordata Balanaglossus Saccoglossus Phylum ~ Chordata yemone) an of war) Subphylla Examples Trcidia, Salpa, Dololur) Urochordata Branchiostoma (Amphioxus OF 2. Cephalochordata (6A z] EE Vertebrata Examples Class Petromyzon Lamprey) Cyclostornata _Myxine (Hag ish) ‘Scoliodon (Dog fish) Chondricthyes Pristis (Saw fish) [carer (Greet white shark) Tiygon (Sting Fas) Torpedo (Electric ray)Onteichihyes Amphibia HCA Biology x f 10. | van Uh) Mipprocampus (Sea Worse) Exocoe Fresh water Paleo Wtobw), Catls Kat, ‘Chris Moun Aquarium ‘Betta Piao Nish) Prerophyftim (sole lish) [a1 “Blo (Toad), Rana (F109), Fla | (Free 109), Solamancka (Salamander), chthyophis (Limbless amphista) 7. | Reptila ~— Ghetone > “Torhe Testrde-» “Tortolse Ghelone (Tune), Testudo (Tortoise), Chameleon (ree lard), Calotes (Garden lizard), Croddodlum (Crocodile), Aligator (Alligator), Hemidactyhus Wall lzard) (Poisonous snake) ~ Naja (Cobra), Bangurus (Krai), Vipera (Viper) 8. | Aves Corwus|Crow), Columba (Pigeon), Psittaculs (Parrot), Struthio (Ostrich), Pavo (Peacock, Aptenedbes > (Penguin), Neophron (Vulture) 9. | Mammalia Ouiparous ~ Orithorhynchus (Platypus) Viviparous ~ Mocropus (Kangaroo), Pteropus (Fying fox), Camelus(Camel) Maccaca (Monkey), Rattus (Rat), Canis (Dog), Felis (Cat) Elephas (Elephant), Equus (Horse), Delphinus (Common dolphin), Balaenoptera (Blue whale), Panthera Ugris Tiger), Panthera Leo (Lion)10, | Hermartvctne Morano | entiation Ray f Spence Haeihebrinttes eaters | ieterrad | teres a tatters Aschatrrinthes | Anteopeate Chondctatiyes Reptta Aves Marnenaa External Costerterates | Crenophores | Earthworm | Hemichordata Osteichthyes ‘Amphibia