Solution

REVISION TEST 6 CHAPTERWISE TOPIC APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES

Class 12 - Mathematics
Section A
1.
(d) neither maximum nor minimum
Explanation:
We have, f(x) = 2 sin3x + 3 cos3x
∴ f'(x) = 6 cos3x - 9 sin3x

′ 5π 5π 5π
∴ f ( ) = 6 cos(3 ⋅ ) − 9 sin(3 ⋅ )
6 6 6

5π 5π
= 6 cos − 9 sin = 0 − 9 ≠ 0
2 2
5π
So, x = 6
cannot be point of maxima or minima

2. (a) point of inflexion at x = 0

Explanation:
Given f(x) = x3
f'(x) = 3x2
For point of inflexion, we have f'(x) = 0
′ 2
f (x) = 0 ⇒ 3x = 0 ⇒ x = 0

Hence, f(x) has a point of inflexion at x = 0.

But x = 0 is not a local extremum as we cannot find an interval I around x = 0 such that
f (0) ≥ f (x) or f (0) ≤ f (x) f or all xϵI

3. (a) point of inflexion at x = 0

Explanation:
2
−x , x < 0
Given, f(x) = x|x| = { 2
x , x > 0
′
⇒ f (x) = −2x when x < 0 and 2x when x > 0 f ′
(x) = 0 ⇒ x = 0

Hence f(x) has a point of inflexion at x = 0.

But, x = 0 is not a local extreme as we cannot find an interval I around x = 0 such that f (0) ≥ f (x) or f (0) ≤ f (x) ∀x ∈ I

4.
(c) 120
Explanation:
f'(x) = 4x3 - 62 × 2x + a
f'(x) = 4x3 - 124x + a
As function attains maximum at x = 1 ∈ [0, 2]
f' (1) = 0
⇒ 4 - 124 + a = 0 ⇒ a = 120

5.
(c) 1
Explanation:
–
f(x) = cos x + cos(√2x)
√2+1 √2−1
∴ f(x) = 2 cos 2
x cos 2
x≤2
√2+1 √2−1
and it is 2 when cos 2
x and cos 2
are both equal to 1 for a value of x. This is possible only when x = 0.

6.
(c) -39

1/5
 Explanation:
Given function,
f(x) = 3x4 - 8x3 - 48x + 25
F'(x) = 12x3 - 24x2 - 48 = 0
F'(x) = 12(x3 - 2x2 - 4) = 0
Differentiating again, we obtain
F''(x) = 3x2 - 4x = 0
x(3x - 4) = 0
4
x = 0 or x = 3

Putting the value in equation, we obtain

f(x) = -39

7.
(b) -1
Explanation:
f(x) = 2x3 - 3x2 - 12x + 5
⇒ f'(x) = 6x2 - 6x - 12
For local maxima or minima we have
f'(x) = 0
6x2 - 6x - 12 = 0
⇒ x2 - x - 2 = 0
⇒ x = 2 or x = -1

f"(x) = 12x - 6
f"(2) = 18 > 0
function has local minima at x = 2.
f"(-1) = -18 < 0
function has local maxima at x = -1.

8.
(d) (-1, 1)
Explanation:
x
We have,⇒ f (x) = 2
x +1
2 2
′ x −2x +1
⇒ f (x) =
2
x +1
2
′ x −1
⇒ f (x) = −
2
x +1

⇒ for critical points f'(x) = 0

when f'(x) = 0
We get x = 1 or x = -1
When we plot them on number line as f'(x) is multiplied by -ve sign we get
For x > 1 function is decreasing
For x < -1 function is decreasing
But between -1 to 1 function is increasing
∴ Function is increasing in ( -1, 1)

9. (a) -2
Explanation:
Given,f(x) = x2 + kx + 1
For increasing
f'(x) = 2x + k
k ≥ −2x

thus,

2/5
 k ≥ −2x

Least value of -2
10.
(c) (−∞ , 0)
Explanation:
(−∞ , 0)
We have
f(x) = a(x - cos x)
Strictly decreasing in R i.e. f'(x) <0
So, f'(x) = a(1+sin x)
We know that
-1 ≤ sin x≤ 1
-1+1 ≤ 1+sin x≤ 1+1
0 ≤ 1+sin x≤ 2
0.a ≤ a(1+sin x)≤ 2a
0 ≤ a(1+sin x)≤ 2a
Since 1+sin x is always greater and equal to 0. so a must be negative i.e. a<0
Therefore, the range of value for a such that f(x) = a (x-cosx) is strictly decreasing in R is a<0, where a ∈ (−∞, 0)

11.
(b) neither maximum value nor minimum value
Explanation:
Given, f(x) = x3 + 1
∴ f'(x) = 3x2 and f"(x) = 6x
Put f'(x) = 0
⇒ 3x2 = 0 ⇒ x = 0
At x = 0, f''(x) = 0
Thus, f(x) has neither maximum value nor minimum value.

12.
(c) 252 cm2/s
Explanation:
Let the edge of the cube be a.
The rate of change of edge of the cube is given by dA

dt

The area of the cube is A = 6a2

Differentiating w.r.t. 't', we get
dA da
= 12a
dt dt
dA
∴ = 12a × 7 = 84a
dt
2
Thus, dA

dt
∣
∣ = 84 × 3 = 252 cm /s
a=3

13. (a) always increases

Explanation:
We have, f(x) = tan x - x
∴ f'(x) = sec2 x - 1
′
⇒ f (x) ≥ 0, ∀x ∈ R

So, f(x) always increases

14.
(b) f (x) > 0, ∀x ∈ (a, b)
′

Explanation:
′
f (x) > 0, ∀x ∈ (a, b)

3/5
15. (a) local minima at x = 1
Explanation:
Given, f(x) = x3 - 3x
f'(x) = 3x2 - 3
For point of inflexion we have f'(x) = 0
′ 2
f (x) = 0 ⇒ 3x − 3 = 0 = 3 (x − 1) (x + 1) ⇒ x = ±1

Hence, f(x) has a point of inflexion at x = 0.

When , x is slightly less than 1, f'(x) = (+)(-)(+) i.e, negative
When x is slightly greater than 1, f'(x)= (+)(+)(+) i.e, positive
Hence, f'(x) changes its sign from negative to positive as x increases through 1 and hence x = 1 is a point of local minimum.
Section B
16. We have
f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x + 1
or f ′(x) = 6x2 – 30x + 36 = 6 (x – 3) (x – 2)
Note that f ′(x) = 0 gives x = 2 and x = 3.
We shall now evaluate the value of f at these points and at the end points of the interval [1, 5], i.e., at x = 1, x = 2, x = 3 and at x =
5. So
f(1) = 2(13) – 15(12) + 36 (1) + 1 = 24
f(2) = 2(23) – 15(22) + 36 (2) + 1 = 29
f(3) = 2(33) – 15(32) + 36 (3) + 1 = 28
f(5) = 2(53) – 15(52) + 36 (5) + 1 = 56
Thus, we conclude that absolute maximum value of f on [1, 5] is 56, occurring at x =5, and absolute minimum value of f on [1, 5]
is 24 which occurs at x = 1.
Section C

17.

Let at any time t, the length of each equal side be x cm and area of triangle be A.Then.
−−−−−−
1 1
2
b b
−−−−−−−
2
A= BC × AD = b√x − = √4x2 − b2
2 2 4 4

dA b 1 dx
⇒ = × × 8x
dt 4 2 dt
2
2√4x − b

bx dx
=
dt
√4x2 − b2

dA 3bx dx
⇒ = (∵ = 3cm/ sec)
dt dt
√4x − b 2 2

cm2/sec
2
dA 3b –
⇒ ( ) = = √3b
dt
x=b √4b2 − b2

Section D

18.

VO
= cos α
l

vo = l cos α
OA
= sin α
l

4/5
OA = l sin α
1 2
V = π(OA) . vo
3
1 2
= π(l sin α) . (l cos α)
3
1 2 2
= πl . sin α. l cos α
3
1 3 2
= πl sin α. cos α
3
3
dv πl 3 2
= [− sin α + 2 sin α. cos α]
dα 3

For maximum/minimum
dv
= 0
dα
3 2
sin α = 2 sin α. cos α
– −1
–
tan α = √2, α = tan √2
1 1
cos α = =
√1+ tan2 α √3

2 3
d v πl 2 2
= [−3sin α. cos α + 2 (sin α.2 cos α (− sin α) + cos α. cos α)]
2 3
dα
3
πl 2 2 3
= [−3sin α. cos α − 4sin α. cos α + 2cos α]
3
3
πl 2
= − [7sin α. cos α − 2 cos α]
3

negative i.e less than zero

Therefore, area is maximum
−1
–
α = tan √2

5/5