CH 6: APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES

1- MARK QUESTIONS

1. The maximum value of sinx + cosx is _____.

2. Find the point of inflection for the function 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 3 .
3. Minimum value of 𝑓 if 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 in the interval [-𝜋/2, 𝜋/2] is _____.
4. If 𝑓 is a function such that 𝑓 ′ (𝑐 ) = 0, 𝑓 ′′ (𝑐 ) = 0 and 𝑓 ′′′ (𝑐 ) > 0 then c is a
point of ___________.
5. Show that the function f(x) = 𝑒 2𝑥 is strictly increasing on R.
6. On which point the line y = x + 1 is a tangent to the curve 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥
7. Find the slope of the normal to the curve 𝑦 = 1⁄𝑥 at the point (3,1/3)
8. Find the slope of the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 + 1 at the point
where the curve cuts y-axis.
9. Write the interval for which the function f(x) = 1/x is strictly decreasing
10. It is given that at x = 1, the function x 4− 62x2+ax+ 9 attains its
maximum value, on the interval [0, 2]. Find the value of a.

HINTS/ANSWERS TO 1 MARKS QUESTIONS

1) √2 2) x=0 3) -1 4) Local Minima 5) As 𝑒 2𝑥 > 0 for x𝜖𝑅.

𝑑𝑦 2 2
6) for the curve = 𝑦, slope of given line = slope of tangent ⇒ 1 = 𝑦⇒ y=2
𝑑𝑥
which gives 𝑦 = 4𝑥 ⇒ 22 = 4𝑥 ⇒ x = 1, hence the required point is (1,2)
2

𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 1
7) 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑥 2, Slope of Normal at (3,1/3) = −1⁄(𝑑𝑥 ) = −1⁄(− 𝑥 2 ) = +𝑥 2
= (3)2 = 9
8) Curve cuts y-axis where x=0 which gives y=0-0+1=1, so we need to
𝑑𝑦
find the slope at the point (0,1), now = 3𝑥 2 − 1, so the required slope at
𝑑𝑥
(0,1) = 3(0)2 − 1 = −1
9) Here f’(x) = −1⁄𝑥 2 ,which is −𝑣𝑒 for all real values of x in its domain,so
f(x) is strictly decreasing.
10) Here f’(x) =4x3-124x+a, Since the function f attains its maximum
value on the interval [0, 2] at x = 1, therefore 𝑓 ′ (1) = 0 ⇒ 4 − 124 + 𝑎 = 0
⇒ a=120

Page 49 of 118
 2-MARKS QUESTIONS
𝟏
1. Show that the local maximum value of 𝒙 + 𝒙 is less than local

minimum value.
1
Solution: Let 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
⇒ =1−
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2

For Critical points,

𝑑𝑦
= 0 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑥 2 = 1 ⇒ x = ±1
𝑑𝑥
Now,
𝑑2 𝑦 2 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
= + 𝑥 3 , therefore (at x = 1) > 0 and (at x = −1) < 0
𝑑2 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑥

Hence local maximum value of y is at x = –1 and the local maximum

value = – 2.
Local minimum value of y is at x = 1 and local minimum value = 2.
Clearly, local maximum value (–2) is less than local minimum value 2.

2. Find a point on the curve y = (x − 2)2 at which the tangent is

parallel to the chord joining the points (2, 0) and (4, 4).
Solution:
If a tangent is parallel to the chord joining the points (2, 0) and (4, 4),
then
The slope of the tangent = The slope of the chord
4−0
Here, The slope of the chord =4−2 = 2

Now, the slope of the tangent to the given curve at a point (x, y) is given
𝑑𝑦
by = 2(𝑥 − 2)
𝑑𝑥

Since the slope of the tangent = slope of the chord, we have:

2(x-2) =2, which gives x=3
When x=3, y=(3−2)2=1
Hence, the required point is (3, 1).

3. Show that the function f(x) = 4x3 – 18x2 + 27x – 7 has neither
maxima nor minima.

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Solution: Here f (x) = 4x3 – 18x2 + 27x – 7
f ′ (x) = 12x2 – 36x + 27 = 3 (4x2 – 12x + 9) = 3 (2x – 3)2
f ′ (x) = 0 ⇒ x =3/2 (critical point)
Since f ′ (x) > 0 for all x <3/2 and x>3/2
Hence x =3/2 is a point of inflexion i.e., neither a point of maxima nor a
point of minima.
x =3/2 is the only critical point, and f has neither maxima nor minima

4. Find all the points of local maxima and local minima of the
𝟑 𝟒𝟓
function 𝒇(𝒙) = − 𝟒 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟖𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝟓.
𝟐

Solution: Here
f′(x)= –3x3 – 24x2 – 45x
= – 3x (x2 + 8x + 15)
= – 3x (x + 5) (x + 3)
For Critical points,
f′(x) = 0 ⇒ x = –5, x = –3, x = 0
Now,
f″(x) = –9x2 – 48x – 45
= –3 (3x2 + 16x + 15)
f″(0) = – 45 < 0. Therefore, x = 0 is point of local maxima
f″(–3) = 18 > 0. Therefore, x = –3 is point of local minima
f″(–5) = –30 < 0. Therefore x = –5 is point of local maxima.
5. Find the least value of ‘a’ such that 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝒙 + 𝟏 is
increasing on [1,2].
Solution:
Here 𝑓′(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 + 𝑎
Here 𝑥 𝜖 [1,2] ⇒ 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 ⇒ 2 ≤ 2x ≤ 4 ⇒ 2 + a ≤ 2x + a ≤ 4 + a
⇒ 2 + a ≤ 𝑓′(𝑥 ) ≤ 4 + a
For 𝑓 (𝑥 ) to be strictly increasing 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) ≥ 0 for that 2 + a ≥ 0 ⇒ a ≥ −2
Hence the least value of a such that f(x) is increasing in the given interval
is -2.

Page 51 of 118
 3 MARKS QUESTIONS

1. Find the intervals in which the function f(x)=−2x3− 9x2− 12x +

1 is strictly increasing or decreasing.
Solution:
We have,
f(x)=−2x3− 9x2− 12x + 1
which gives
f’(x)=−6x2− 18x− 12 )=−6(x2− 3x−2) =−6(x+1)(x+2)
For critical points
f’(x)=0 ⇒−6(x+1)(x+2)=0 ⇒ x= −1 or x= −2
Points x = −1 and x = −2 divide the real line into three disjoint
intervals i.e (−∞, −2), (−2, −1) and (−1, ∞) In intervals (−∞, −2) and (−1, ∞)
i.e., when x < −2 and x > −1, f’(x)=−6(x+1)(x+2)< 0
∴ f is strictly decreasing for x < −2 and x > −1.
Now, in interval (−2, −1) i.e., when −2 < x < −1,
f’(x)=−6(x+1)(x+2)> 0
∴ f is strictly increasing for −2 < x < −1
2. Find the maximum and minimum values of f(x) =x+sin2x in the
interval [0, 2𝝅].
Solution: We have f(x) =x+sin2x.
So, f’(x) = 1+2cos2x. For stationary points, we have f’(x)=0
1 2𝜋 4𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋
⇒ 1+2cos2x=0 ⇒ cos2x=− 2 ⇒ 2x = or 2x = 3 ⇒ x =3 or x= 3
3

Now we have,
𝑓 (0) = 0 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛0 = 0
𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 √3
𝑓( ) = + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 = +
3 3 3 3 2
2𝜋 2𝜋 4𝜋 2𝜋 √3
𝑓( )= + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 = −
3 3 3 3 2
𝑓 (2𝜋) = 2𝜋 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝜋 = 2𝜋 + 0 = 2𝜋.
Of these values, the maximum value is 2𝜋 and the minimum value is 0.
Thus, the maximum value of f(x) is 2𝜋and the minimum value is 0.

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 𝟏
3. Find the maximum and minimum values of f(x) =𝒙𝒙 and hence
deduce that 𝒆𝝅 > 𝝅𝒆 .
1
Solution: y=𝑥 𝑥
1
log y=𝑥 log 𝑥

Differentiate both side w.r.t to x

1
1 𝑑𝑦 𝑥. −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑦[1−𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥]
𝑥
= ⇒ =
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
Again, differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
1
𝑑 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 [1 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 ] 𝑥 2 (0 − 𝑥 ) − (1 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 )2𝑥
= +𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥4
𝑑𝑦 [1 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 ] [−1 − 2(1 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 )]
= 2
+𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥3
𝑑𝑦 𝑦[1−𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥]
For max or min 𝑑𝑥 = 0 ⇒ =0
𝑥2
y (1-log x) =0

1-log x=0

logx=1

x=e
1
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑒 𝑒 [−1−0] 𝑑𝑦
=0+ [𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑒, = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 = 1]
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑒3 𝑑𝑥
= −𝑣𝑒
1
∴ 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 max 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 max 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑒
1
Now, it is known that 𝑥 𝑥 is greater than any value of x except x=e.
1
Hence, the value of 𝑥 𝑥 is greater at x=e than at x=𝜋
1 1
i.e., 𝑒 𝑒 > 𝜋 𝜋 .
1 𝜋𝑒 1 𝜋𝑒
⇒ (𝑒 𝑒 ) > (𝜋 𝜋 )

⇒ 𝑒𝜋 > 𝜋𝑒.

4. A window has the shape of a rectangle surmounted by an

equilateral triangle. If the perimeter of the window is 16 m, find the
dimensions of the rectangle that will produce the largest area of
the window.

Page 53 of 118
Solution:
Let the length and width of the window are x m and y m respectively.
Perimeter of window=16 m.
Therefore, 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
Let area of the window is A.
√3 2
𝐴 = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2)
4

3 √3 2
𝐴 = 8𝑦 − 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3)
4

Differentiating (3) w.r.t. y

𝑑𝐴 √3
= 8 − 3𝑦 + 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 2
𝑑𝐴 16
𝐹𝑜𝑟 A to be maximum, =0⇒𝑦=
𝑑𝑦 6 − √3
𝑑2𝐴 16
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 2
< 0 at y =
𝑑𝑦 6 − √3
16
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, A is maximum,when y = 𝑚 .
6 − √3
𝒙
5. A manufacture can sell x items at a price of Rs (𝟓 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎) each the
𝒙
cost price of x items Rs ( + 𝟓𝟎𝟎). Find the number of items he
𝟓
should sell to earn maximum profit.

S.P. of x items = x (5 −x/100) =5x − x2/100

C.P. of x items = x/5 +500
Profit =P(x) = S.P -C. P. = (5x−x2/100) − (x/5 +500)
P(x) =24x/5 −x2/100−500  For maximum profit
dP
=0
dx
24/5−2x/100 =0
x = 240
𝑑2 𝑝 1
Now, at x=240, = − 50 < 0 ,
𝑑𝑥 2

Profit will be maximum if the number of items to be sold are 240.

Page 54 of 118
 5-MARKS QUESTIONS

1. Find the maximum value of 2x3 − 24x + 107 in the interval [1,
3]. Find the maximum value of the same function in [−3, −1].
Solution:
Let f(x) = 2x3 − 24x + 107.
So, f’(x) = 6x2 – 24 = 6(x2 – 4)
Now, for critical points, f’(x)=0 i.e. 6(x 2 – 4)=0
which gives x=2 or x=-2
We first consider the interval [1, 3].
Then, we evaluate the value of f at the critical point x = 2 ∈ [1, 3] and at
the end points of the interval [1, 3].
f(2) = 2(8) − 24(2) + 107 = 16 − 48 + 107 = 75
f(1) = 2(1) − 24(1) + 107 = 2 − 24 + 107 = 85
f(3) = 2(27) − 24(3) + 107 = 54 − 72 + 107 = 89
Hence, the absolute maximum value of f(x) in the interval [1, 3] is 89
occurring at x = 3.
Next, we consider the interval [−3, −1]
Evaluate the value of f at the critical point x = −2 ∈ [−3, −1] and at the
end points of the interval [1, 3].
f(−3) = 2 (−27) − 24(−3) + 107 = −54 + 72 + 107 = 125
f(−1) = 2(−1) − 24 (−1) + 107 = −2 + 24 + 107 = 129
f(−2) = 2(−8) − 24 (−2) + 107 = −16 + 48 + 107 = 139
Hence, the absolute maximum value of f(x) in the interval [−3, −1] is
139 occurring at x = −2.

2. Find the intervals in which following functions are strictly

increasing or strictly decreasing 𝒇(𝒙) = (𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟑 (𝒙 − 𝟑)𝟑
Solution:
We have, f(x) = (x + 1)3 (x – 3)3
f’(x) = 3(x + 1)2 (x – 3)3 + (x + 1)3 .3(x – 3)2
= 3(x + 1)2 (x – 3)2 [ (x – 3) + (x + 1)]

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 = 3(x + 1)2 (x – 3)2 [ 2x – 2]
= 6(x + 1)2 (x – 3)2 [ x – 1]
Now,
f’(x) =0 gives x= −1,1,3
The points x =−1, x=1 and x=3 divide the real line into four disjoint
intervals i.e., (−∞, −1), (−1, 1), (1, 3) and (3, ∞) .
In intervals (−∞, −1) and (−1, 1), f’(x) = 6(x + 1)2 (x – 3)2 [ x – 1] < 0
∴ f is strictly decreasing in intervals and (−∞, −1) and (−1, 1).

In intervals (1, 3) and(3, ∞), f’(x) = 6(x + 1)2 (x – 3)2 [ x – 1] > 0

∴ f is strictly increasing in intervals (1, 3) and (3, ∞).
Hence, f is Strictly increasing in (1,3), (3, ) and Strictly decreasing in
(−∞, −1) and (−1, 1).

3. Prove that the curves x = 𝒚𝟐 and xy = k cut at right angles if

𝟖𝒌𝟐 = 1.
Solution:
The equations of the given curves are 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 and xy = k
Putting 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 in xy = k, we get: 𝑦 3 = 𝑘 ⇒ y = 𝑘1/3 , 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑘 2/3
Thus, the point of intersection of the given curves is (𝑘 2/3 , 𝑘1/3 ).
𝑑𝑦 1
Differentiating 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 with respect to x, we have: = 2𝑦
𝑑𝑥

Therefore, the slope of the tangent to the curve 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 at (𝑘 2/3 , 𝑘1/3 ) is

𝑑𝑦 1 1
m1 = = 2𝑦 =
𝑑𝑥 2𝑘 1/3
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
On differentiating xy = k with respect to x, we have 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑥

∴ Slope of the tangent to the curve 𝑥𝑦=k at at (𝑘 2/3 , 𝑘1/3 ) is

1
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑘3 1
m2 = = −𝑥 = − 2 =− 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑘3 𝑘3

We know that two curves intersect at right angles if the tangents to the
curves at the point of intersection i.e., at are perpendicular to each other.
This implies that we should have the product of the tangents as − 1.

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Thus, the given two curves cut at right angles if the product of the slopes
of their respective tangents at is −1. Hence, the given two curves cut at
right angles if
m1 m2 =−1
1 1
⇒ 1/3
. (− 1/3 ) = −1
2𝑘 𝑘
1
⇒ 2/3 = 1
2𝑘
⇒ 2𝑘 2/3 = 1
3
(2𝑘 2/3 ) = (1)3
⇒ 8𝑘 2 = 1

4. Find the equation of tangent to the curve y = √𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐 , which is

parallel to the line 4x -2y + 5 =0.

Solution:
The equation of the given curve is y = √3𝑥 − 2
The slope of the tangent to the given curve at any point (x, y) is given by,
𝑑𝑦 3
=
𝑑𝑥 2√3𝑥 − 2
The equation of the given line is 4x − 2y + 5 = 0.
⇒ y = 2x+ 5/2 (which is of the form y= mx + c)
∴ Slope of the line = 2
Now, the tangent to the given curve is parallel to the line 4x − 2y − 5 = 0
if the slope of the tangent is equal to the slope of the line. So,
3 3 9 41
= 2 ⇒ √3𝑥 − 2 = 4 ⇒ 3𝑥 − 2 = 16 ⇒ 𝑥 = 48
2√3𝑥−2

41 41 9 3
When 𝑥 = 48, y = √3(48) − 2 =√16= 4

Therefore, Equation of the tangent passing through the point (41/48,3/4)

is given by,
3 41
𝑦− = 2 (𝑥 − )
4 48
4𝑦−3 41
⇒ = 2 (𝑥 − 48)
4
4𝑦−3 48𝑥−41
⇒ = 2( )
4 48

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 48𝑥−41
⇒ 4𝑦 − 3 = 6

⇒ 24𝑦 − 18 = 48𝑥 − 41
⇒ 48𝑥 − 24𝑦 = 23
Hence, the equation of the required tangent is 48x - 24y = 23.

5. A wire of length 28 m is to be cut into two pieces. One of the

pieces is to be made into a square and the other into a circle.
What should be the length of the two pieces so that the combined
area of the square and the circle is minimum?
Solution:
let x and 28-x be the length the two pieces by which square and circle are
𝑥 2 𝑥2
Area of square =(4) = 16.

28−𝑥 2
Area of circle formed = 𝜋 ( ) [𝑎𝑠 2𝜋𝑟 = 28 − 𝑥 ]
2𝜋

(28 − 𝑥 )2
=
4𝜋
𝑥2 (28−𝑥)2
Combined Area=16 + 4𝜋
𝑑𝐴 𝑥 2(28−𝑥)
So, = 8−
𝑑𝑥 4𝜋
𝑑2 𝐴 1 1
Also, = 8 − 2𝜋
𝑑𝑥 2

For the point of maxima or minima

𝑑𝐴 𝑥 (28 − 𝑥 )
=0⇒ − =0
𝑑𝑥 8 2𝜋
112
⇒ 𝑥 = 4+𝜋
112 𝑑2 𝐴
So, the combined area is minimum at x=4+𝜋 as >0
𝑑𝑥 2
112 28𝜋
Hence the lengths of the wires should be 𝑎𝑛𝑑
4+𝜋 4+𝜋

6. A open box, with a square base, is to be made out of a given

quantity of metal sheet of area 𝒄𝟐 .Show that the maximum volume
𝒄𝟑
of the box is .
𝟔√𝟑

Solution:

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Let one edge of base of box is ‘x’ unit
And the height of the box is h, then
Area of the box= c2 square Units.
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥ℎ = 𝑐 2
𝑐 2 −𝑥 2
Therefore ℎ = ………… (1)
4𝑥

Volume of box, V  x 2 h
1
Or 𝑉 = 4 (𝑐 2 𝑥 − 𝑥 3 ) . . . . . . . . . . . (2)
𝑑𝑣 𝑐
For V to be maximum,𝑑𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 =
√3

𝑑2 𝑉 𝑐
Now, 𝑑𝑥 2 < 0 at 𝑥 =
√3
𝑐
∴ 𝑉 is maximum at 𝑥 =
√3

1 1 𝑐 𝑐2 𝒄𝟑
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 4 (𝑐 2 𝑥 − 𝑥 3 ) = 4 ( 3) (𝑐 2 − ) = 𝟔√𝟑
√ 3

7. Show that the semi vertical angle of right circular cone of given
𝟏
surface area and maximum volume is 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝟑

Solution:
Let r, h, l ,S and V be the radius, hight, slant hight, surface area and the
volume of the cone.


h l

𝑆−𝜋𝑟 2
S= 𝜋𝑟𝑙 + 𝜋𝑟 2  𝑙= 𝜋𝑟
1 1
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ ⇒ 𝑉 2 = 9 𝜋 2 𝑟 4 ℎ2 =z (say)
𝑑𝑧
For Maximum volume, =0
𝑑𝑟

1
⇒ (2𝑟𝑆 2 − 8𝑆𝜋𝑟 3 ) = 0
9
𝑟 1
⇒ =
𝑙 3
𝑑2 𝑧
𝑛𝑜𝑤 (𝑎𝑡𝑆 = 4𝜋𝑟 2 ) < 0
𝑑𝑟 2
∴ 𝑉 2 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚.

Page 59 of 118
 ∴ 𝑉𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚.

𝑟 1 1
Now 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 = 𝑙 = 3 ⇒ 𝛼 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( 3).

Hence the volume of right circular cone of given surface area is maximum
1
when the semi vertical angle is 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 3.

8. Show that the volume of the greatest cylinder which can be

inscribed in a cone of height h and semi vertical angle 𝜶 is
𝟒
𝝅𝒉3tan2𝜶
𝟐𝟕

Solution: Let the radius of inscribed cylinder be x and its height be y.

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 (𝑉 ) = 𝜋𝑥 2 𝑦 = 𝜋(ℎ − 𝑦)2 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛼𝑦

𝑑𝑉
= 𝜋 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛼(ℎ2 − 4ℎ𝑦 + 3𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦
For max. or min. of V
𝑑𝑉
= 0 ⇒ 3𝑦 2 − 4ℎ𝑦 + ℎ2 = 0
𝑑𝑦
ℎ
3(𝑦 − ℎ)(3𝑦 − ℎ) = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = ℎ, 𝑦 =
3
ℎ
Since y=h is not possible, therefore at 𝑦 = 3 we have
𝑑2𝑉 ℎ
= 6𝑦 − 4ℎ = 6 ( ) − 4 = −2ℎ < 0
𝑑𝑦 2 3
ℎ
𝑆𝑜, 𝑉 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑡 𝑦 =
3

Now Maximum Volume at y=h/3 is given by

ℎ 2 ℎ
𝑉 = 𝜋 (ℎ − ) 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛼
3 3
4 3 2
= 27 𝜋ℎ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼

Hence Proved that the volume of the greatest cylinder which can be
4
inscribed in a cone of height h and semi vertical angle 𝛼 is 𝜋ℎ3tan2𝛼
27

Page 60 of 118
 Case studies on Application of integrals
Attempt any 4 sub parts from each question. Each sub-part carries 1
mark.
Case study 6.1

Following is the pictorial description for a page

The total area of the page is 150 cm 2. The combined width of the margin
at the top and bottom is 3 cm and the side 2 cm.
Using the information given above, answer the following:

i) The relation between x and y is given by

(a) (x-3) y=150
(b) xy = 150
(c) x(y-2) =150
(d) (x-2)(y-3) = 150
ii) The area of page where printing can be done, is given by
(a) xy
(b) (x+3)(y+2)
(c) (x-3)(y-2)
(d) (x-3)(y+2)
iii) The area of the printable region of the page, in terms of x, is
450
(a) 156 + 2𝑥 + 𝑥
150
(b) 156 − 2𝑥 + 3( )
𝑥
3
(c) 156 − 2𝑥 − 15( )
𝑥

Page 61 of 118
 150
(d) 156 − 2𝑥 − 3( )
𝑥

iv) For what value of ‘x’, the printable area of the page is maximum?
(a) 15 cm
(b) 10 cm
(c) 12 cm
(d) 15 units
v) What should be dimension of the page so that it has maximum area to
be printed?
(a) Length1cm, width15cm
(b) Length15cm, width10cm
(c) Length15cm, width12cm
(d) Length150cm, width1cm

Case study 6.2

Mr Rajendra, who is an architect, designs a building for a small company.

The design of window on the ground floor is proposed to be different than
other floors. The window is in the shape of a rectangle which is
surmounted by a semi-circular opening. This window is having a
perimeter of 10 m as shown below:

Based on the above information answer the following:

i) If 2x and 2y represents the length and breadth of the rectangular
portion of the windows, then the relation between the variables is
(a) 4𝑦 − 2𝑥 = 10 − 𝜋

Page 62 of 118
 (b) 4𝑦 = 10 − (2 − 𝜋)𝑥
(c) 4𝑦 = 10 − (2 + 𝜋)𝑥
(d) 4𝑦 − 2𝑥 = 10 + 𝜋
ii) The combined area (A) of the rectangular region and semi-circular
region of the window expressed as a function of x is
1
(a) 𝐴 = 10𝑥 + (2 + 2 𝜋)𝑥 2
1
(b) 𝐴 = 10𝑥 − (2 + 2 𝜋)𝑥 2
1
(c) 𝐴 = 10𝑥 − (2 − 2 𝜋)𝑥 2
1 5 1
(d) 𝐴 = 4𝑥𝑦 + 2 𝜋𝑥 2 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑦 = 2 + 4 (2 + 𝜋)𝑥

iii) The maximum value of area A, of the whole window is

50
(a) A= 𝑚2
𝜋−4
50
(b) A= 𝑚2
𝜋+4
100
(c) A= 𝑚2
4+𝜋
50
(d) A= 𝑚2
4−𝜋

iv) The owner of this small company is interested in maximizing the area
of the whole window so that maximum light input is possible.
For this to happen, the length of rectangular portion of the window
should be
20
(a) 4+𝜋
10
(b) 4+𝜋
4
(c) 10+𝜋
100
(d) 4+𝜋

v) In order to get the maximum light input through the whole window,
the area (in sq. m) of only semi-circular opening of the window is
100𝜋
(a) (4+𝜋)2
50𝜋
(b)
4+𝜋
50𝜋
(c)
(4+𝜋)2

(d) Same as the area of rectangular portion of window.

Page 63 of 118
 Case study 6.3

Assuming that two ships follow the path of curves y=f(x) and y=g(x)

When we draw tangents to these curves at the point of intersection, then

‘the angle between these tangents’ is called the ‘angle between the two
curves.
Using the information given above, answer the following with reference to
the curves 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 𝑦 2
(i) The points of intersection for the above curves are
(a) (0, 0), (1, ±1) (b) (0, 0), (1, 1)

(c) (0, –1), (1, 0) (d) (1, 0), (0, 1)

(ii) What are the numbers of points at which the given two curves
intersect?
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 0
(iii) The slope of the tangent to the curve 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 at the point of
intersection of both the given curves, is
1 1 1 1 1
(a) ,− 2, 0 (b) ,0 (c) − 2 , 𝑁𝑜𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 (d) , 𝑁𝑜𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
2 2 2

(iv) The slope of the tangent to the curve y= 𝑥 2 at the point of intersection
of both the given curves, is
(a) 0, 2 (b) 2, -2 (c) 0, -1 (d) 2, -2, 0
(v) The angle of intersection of both the curves is
3 𝜋 4 𝜋 3 3
(a) 𝜋, tan−1 4 (b) 2 , tan−1 3 (c) , tan−1 4 (d) 0 , tan−1 4
2

Page 64 of 118
 Case study 6.4

Neelam wants to prepare a sweet box for Diwali at home. For making
lower part of box, she takes a square piece of cardboard of side 18 cm.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions:
(i) If x cm be the length of each side of the square cardboard which is to
be cut off from corner of the square piece of side 18 cm, then x must lie
in
(a) [0, 18] (b) (0,9)
(c) (0, 3) (d) None of these
(ii) Volume of the open box formed by folding up the cutting corner can
be expressed as
(a) V = x(18 – 2x)(18 – 2x) (b) V = x(18 +x)(18 – x)
1
(c) V =3 x(18+2x)(18 – 2x) (d) V = x(18 – 2x)(18 – x)
𝑑𝑉
(iii) The values of x for which = 0, are
𝑑𝑥

(a) 3, 2 (b) 0, 3 (c) 0, 9 (d) 3, 9

(iv) Neelam is interested in maximising the volume of the box. So, what
should be the side of the square to be cut off so that the volume of the
box is maximum?
(a) 13 cm (b) 8 cm (c) 3 cm (d) 2 cm
(v) The maximum value of the volume is
(a) 144 cm3 (b) 232 cm3 (c) 256 cm3 (d) 432 cm3

Case study 6.5

Peter's father wants to construct a rectangular garden with a rock wall on

one side of the garden and wire fencing for the other three sides. He has
100 feet of wire fencing. Based on the above information, answer the
following questions.

Page 65 of 118
(i) To construct a garden such that the largest green carpet can be laid
down in the garden, using the available 100 feet of fencing, we need to
maximise its
(a) volume (b) area (c) perimeter (d) Height of the wall
(ii) If x denotes the length of side of garden perpendicular to rock wall
and y denote the length of side parallel to rock wall, then find the relation
representing total amount of fencing
(a) x + 2y = 100 (b) x + 2y = 50 (c) y + 2x = 100 (d) y + 2x = 50
(iii) Area of the garden as a function of x i.e., A(x) can be represented as
(a) 100 + 2x2 (b) x – 2x2 (c) 100x – 2x2 (d) 100 – x2
(iv) Maximum value of A(x) occurs at x equals
(a) 25 feet (b) 30 feet (c) 26 feet (d) 31 feet
(v) Maximum area of garden will be
(a) 1200 sq. ft (b) 1000 sq. ft (c) 1250 sq. ft (d) 1500 sq. ft

Case study 6.6

The Government declare that farmers can get Rs. 200 per quintal for their
potatoes on 1st February and after that, the price will be dropped by Rs.
2 per quintal per extra day. Ramu’s father has 80 quintals of potatoes in
the field and he estimates that crop is increasing at the rate of 1 quintal
per day.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions
(i) If x is the number of days after 1st February, then price and quantity
of potatoes respectively can be expressed as
(a) Rs. (200 – 2x), (80 + x) quintals
(b) Rs. (200 – 2x), (80 – x) quintals
(c) Rs. (200 + x), 80 quintals
(d) None of these
ii) Revenue R as a function of x can be represented as
(a) R(x) = 2x2 – 40x – 16000 (b) R(x) = –2x2 + 40x + 16000
(c) R(x) = 2x2 + 40x – 16000 (d) R(x) = 2x2 – 40x – 15000

Page 66 of 118
(iii) Find the number of days after 1st February, when Ramu’s father
attain maximum revenue.
(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 12 (d) 22
(iv) On which day should Ramu’s father harvest the potatoes to maximise
his revenue?
(a) 11th February (b) 20th February
(c) 12th February (d) 22nd February
(v) Maximum revenue is equal to
(a) Rs. 16000 (b) Rs. 18000 (c) Rs. 16200 (d) Rs. 16500

Case study 6.7

An owner of a car rental company has determined that if they charge

customers Rs. x per day to rent a car, where 50 ≤x≤ 200, then number of
cars (n), they rent per day can be shown by linear function
n(x) = 1000 – 5x.
If they charge Rs. 50 per day or less they will rent all their cars. If
they charge Rs. 200 or more per day they will not rent any car.
Based on the above information, answer the following question.
(i) Total revenue R as a function of x can be represented as
(a) 1000x – 5x2 (b) 1000x + 5x2 (c) 1000 – 5x (d) 1000 – 5x2
(ii) If R(x) denote the revenue, then maximum value of R(x) occurs when
x equals
(a) 10 (b) 100 (c) 1000 (d) 50
(iii) At x = 220, the revenue collected by the company is
(a) Rs. 10 (b) Rs. 500 (c) Rs. 0 (d) Rs. 1000
(iv) The number of cars rented per day, if x = 75 is
(a) 675 (b) 700 (c) 625 (d) 600
(v) Maximum revenue collected by company is
(a) Rs. 40000 (b) Rs. 45000 (c) Rs. 55000 (d) Rs. 50000

Page 67 of 118
 CASE STUDY 6.8

Mr. Vinay is the owner of apartment complex with 50 units. When he set
rent at Rs. 8000/month, all apartments are rented. If he increases rent by
Rs. 250/month, one fewer apartment is rented. The maintenance cost for
each occupied unit is Rs. 500/month.

Based on the above information answer the following:

(i) If P is the rent price per apartment and N is the number of rented
apartments, then profit is given by:
(a) NP (b) (N – 500). P (c) N. (P – 500) (d) none of these
(ii) If x represents the number of apartments which are not rented, then
the profit expressed as a function of x is
(a) (50 – x) (30 + x) (b) (50 + x) (30 – x)
(c) 250(50 – x) (30 + x) (d) 250(50 + x) (30 – x)
(iii) If P = 8500, then N =
(a) 50 (b) 48 (c) 49 (d) 47
(iv) If P = 8250, then the profit is
(a) Rs. 379750 (b) Rs. 4,00,000 (c) Rs. 4,05,000 (d) Rs. 4,50,000
(v) The rent that maximizes the total amount of profit is
(a) Rs. 5000 (b) Rs. 10500 (c) Rs. 14800 (d) Rs. 14500

CASE STUDY 6.9

A concert is organised every year in the stadium that can hold 42000
spectators. With ticket price of Rs. 10, the average attendance has been
27000. Some financial expert estimated that price of a ticket should be

Page 68 of 118
 𝑥
determined by the function 𝑝(𝑥 ) = 19 − 3000 where x is the number of

tickets sold. Based on the above information, answer the following

questions.
(i) The revenue, R as a function of x can be represented as
𝑥2 𝑥2 1
(a) 19𝑥 − 3000 (b) 19 − 3000 (c) 19𝑥 − 3000 (d) none of these

(ii) The range of x is

(a) [27000, 42000] (b) [0, 27000]
(c) [0, 42000] (d) none of these
(iii) The value of x for which revenue is maximum, is
(a) 20000 (b) 27000 (c) 28500 (d) 28000
(iv) When the revenue is maximum, the price of the ticket is
(a) Rs. 8 (b) Rs. 5 (c) Rs. 9 (d) Rs. 9.5
(v) How many spectators should be present to maximize the revenue?
(a) 25000 (b) 27000 (c) 22000 (d) 28500

CASE STUDY 6.10

A can manufacturer designs a cylindrical can for a company making
sanitizer and disinfector. The can is made to hold 5 litres of sanitizer or
disinfector.
(i) If r cm be the radius and h cm be the height of the cylindrical can,
then the surface area expressed as a function of r as
5000 10000
(a) 2πr2 (b) 2πr2 + 5000 (c) 2πr2 + (d) 2πr2 +
𝑟 𝑟

(ii) The radius that will minimize the cost of the material to manufacture
the can is
500 1/3 500 2500 1/3 2500
(a) ( ) (b) √ (c) ( ) (d) √
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋

(iii) The height that will minimize the cost of the material to manufacture
the can is
2500 1/3 2500 1/3 2500 2500
(a) ( ) 𝑐𝑚 (b) 2 ( ) 𝑐𝑚 (c) √ 𝑐𝑚 (d) 2√
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋

Page 69 of 118
(iv) If the cost of material used to manufacture the can is Rs.100/m2 and
2500 1/3
( ) = 9, then the minimum cost is
𝜋

(a) Rs. 16.7 (b) Rs. 18 (c) Rs. 19 (d) Rs. 20

(v) To minimize the cost of the material used to manufacture the can, we
need to minimize the
(a) volume (b) curved surface area
(c) total surface area (d) surface area of the base

Page 70 of 118
 SOLUTION TO CASE STUDY 6.1
(i) (b) xy=150
Here the total length and width of the page is x and y, respectively (as
seen in the figure)
Now we have, area of the page = xy
So, xy=150
(ii) (c) As the combined width of the margin at the top and bottom is 3
cm and the side 2 cm. Also, the total length and width of the page is x
and y, respectively (as seen in the figure).
So, the area of printed page is, S=(x-3)(y-2)
150
(iii) (d) 156 − 2𝑥 − 3( )
𝑥

As the area of printed page is, S=(x-3)(y-2)=xy-2x-3y+6

From part (i) we have xy=150, so
150 150
S= 150-2x-3( )+6 =156 − 2𝑥 − 3( )
𝑥 𝑥

(iv) (a) 15 cm
from part (iii) we have
150
S =156 − 2𝑥 − 3( )
𝑥

Which gives
𝑑𝑆 900
= −2 + , Now
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2

For local points of maxima and/or minima,

𝑑𝑆 900
= 0 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 − 2 + = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 2 = 225 ⇒ x=±15
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
𝑑2 𝑆 1800
Here, = −
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥3
𝑑2 𝑆
Now (𝑑𝑥 2 )𝑎𝑡 𝑥=15 = −𝑣𝑒

Therefore, S is Maximum at x=15 cm

(v) (b) 10 cm
For maximum value of S, x= 15cm
So xy=150 gives y=10 cm
SOLUTION TO CASE STUDY 6.2
(i) (c) 4y=10-(π+2)x
Since perimeter of window=10

Page 71 of 118
2x+4y+π x=10
4y=10-π x-2x
4y=10-(π+2)x
1
(ii) (b) Combined area 𝐴 = 10𝑥 − (2 + 2 𝜋)𝑥 2
1
A= 𝑥(4𝑦) + 2 𝜋𝑥 2
1
A= 𝑥[10 − (𝜋 + 2)𝑥] + 2 𝜋𝑥 2
1
A= 10𝑥 − 𝜋𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 2 + 2 𝜋𝑥 2
1
A= 10𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 − 2 𝜋𝑥 2
1
𝐴 = 10𝑥 − (2 + 𝜋)𝑥 2
2
50
(iii) (b) A= 𝜋+4
1
Here Combined area 𝐴 = 10𝑥 − (2 + 2 𝜋) 𝑥 2
𝑑𝐴
= 10 − (4 + 𝜋)𝑥
𝑑𝑥
For critical points,
𝑑𝐴 10
= 0 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 10 − (4 + 𝜋)𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 4+𝜋
𝑑𝑥
10 𝑑2 𝐴 10
Now at = 4+𝜋, < 0, so Combined area 𝐴 is maximum when 𝑥 = 4+𝜋
𝑑𝑥 2
1
And Maximum Area =10𝑥 − (2 + 2 𝜋) 𝑥 2
10 1 10
=10 4+𝜋 − (2 + 2 𝜋) (4+𝜋)2
50
=4+𝜋
10 20
(iv) (a) Length of rectangular portion of window =2(4+𝜋 ) = 4+𝜋 m
1 1 10 50𝜋
(v) (b) Area of semi-circular opening = 2 𝜋𝑥 2 = 2 𝜋(4+𝜋)2 = (4+𝜋)2 𝑚2

SOLUTION TO CASE STUDY 6.3

(i) (b) (0, 0), (1, 1)

We have 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 𝑦 2
On solving we get 𝑥 = (𝑥 2 )2 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑥 4 ⇒ 𝑥(𝑥 3 − 1) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1) =
0
⇒ 𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 1 𝑎𝑠 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1) ≠ 0 for any real number

Page 72 of 118
For 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0 𝑎nd for 𝑥 = 1 , 𝑦 = 1
So the point of intersection of the given curves are (0,0) and (1,1)
(ii) (b) 2
From part (i) It is clear that the given curves will intersect each other at 2
points only.
1
(iii) (d) , 𝑁𝑜𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
2

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1
We have 𝑥 = 𝑦 2⇒ 1 = 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 ⇒𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑦
𝑑𝑦 1 1
Now at (0,0) we have = 2𝑦 = 0 𝑖. 𝑒. 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
Also, at (1,1) we have =2
𝑑𝑥

(iv) (a) 0, 2
𝑑𝑦
We have 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Now at (0,0) we have =0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Also, at (1,1) we have =2
𝑑𝑥
𝜋 3
(v) (c) , tan−1 4
2

Angle of intersection of both the curves at (0, 0) is 𝜋⁄2

3
And Angle of intersection of both the curves at (1, 1) is tan−1 (4)

SOLUTION TO CASE STUDY 6.4

(i) (b): Since, sidCe of square is of length 18 cm, therefore x can not
exceed ½(18), So x∈ (0, 9).
(ii) (a): Clearly, height of open box = x cm
Length of open box = 18 – 2x
and width of open box = 18 – 2x
Volume(V) of the open box=lbh=x. (18–2x). (18–2x)
(iii) (d): We have, V = x. (18 – 2x)2
𝑑𝑉
= 1. (18 – 2x)2 +x.2(18 – 2x)( – 2)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑉
= (18 – 2x). [ (18 – 2x)–4x]
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑉
= (18 – 2x). (18 – 6x)
𝑑𝑥

Page 73 of 118
 𝑑𝑉
Now, = 0 ⇒ 18 – 2x = 0 or 18 – 6x = 0
𝑑𝑥

⇒x = 9 or 3
(iv) We have, V = x. (18 – 2x)2
𝑑𝑉
And = (18 – 2x). (18 – 6x)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑉
So = (18 – 2x). (–6) + (18 – 6x)(–2)
𝑑𝑥 2

= (–2). [54 – 6x + 18 – 6x]

= (–2). [72 – 12x] = 24x – 144
𝑑2 𝑉
For x = 3, <0
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑉
For x =9, >0
𝑑𝑥 2

So, volume will be maximum when x = 3.

(v) (d): We have, V = x (18 – 2x)2, which will be maximum when x = 3.
Maximum volume = 3(18 – 6)2 = 3 × 12 × 12 = 432 cm3
SOLUTION TO CASE STUDY 6.5
(i) (b): Clearly, we need to maximize its area.
(ii) (c): Required relation is given by 2x + y = 100.
(iii) (c): Area of garden as a function of x can be represented as
A(x) = x⋅y = x(100 – 2x) = 100x – 2x2
(iv) (a): A(x) = 100x – 2x2 ⇒ A’(x) = 100 – 4x
For the area to be maximum’
A′(x) = 0
⇒ 100 – 4x = 0 ⇒ x = 25 ft.
(v) (c): Maximum area of the garden = 100(25) – 2(25)2
= 2500 – 1250 = 1250 sq. ft
SOLUTION TO CASE STUDY 6.6
(i) (a): Let x be the number of extra days after 1st February
Price =Rs. (200 – 2.x) = Rs. (200 – 2x)
Quantity = 800 quintals + x (1 quintal per day)
= (80+ x) quintals
(ii) (b): R(x) = Quantity × Price
= (80+ x). (200 – 2x)

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 = 16000 – 160x + 200x – 2x2
(iii) (a): We have, R(x) = 16000 + 40x – 2x2
⇒ R′(x) = 40 – 4x⇒ R″(x) = –4
For R(x) to be maximum, R′(x) = 0 and R″(x) < 0
⇒ 40 – 4x = 0 ⇒ x = 10
(iv) (a): Ramu’s father will attain maximum revenue after 10 days.
So, he should harvest the potatoes after 10 days of 1st February i.e., on
11th February.
(v) (c): Maximum revenue is collected by Ramu’s father when x = 10
Maximum revenue = R(10)
= 16000 + 40(10) – 2(10)2
= 16000 + 400 – 200 = 16200
SOLUTION TO CASE STUDY 6.7
17. (i) (a): Let x be the price charge per car per day and n be the number
of cars rented per day.
R(x) = n.x = (1000 – 5x).x = –5x2 + 1000x
(ii) (b): We have, R(x) = 1000x – 5x2 ⇒R′(x)= 1000 –10x
For R(x) to be maximum or minimum, R′(x)=0 ⇒1000 –10x=0⇒x=100
Also, R″ (100) = –10 < 0, Thus, R(x) is maximum at x = 100
(iii) (c): If company charge Rs. 200 or more, they will not rent any car.
Then revenue collected by him will be zero.
(iv) (c): If x = 75, number of cars rented per day is given by
n = 1000 – 5 × 75 = 625
(v) (d): At x = 100, R(x) is maximum.
Maximum revenue = R(100) = –5(100)2 + 1000(100) =Rs. 50,000
SOLUTION TO CASE STUDY 6.8
(i) (c): If P is the rent price per apartment and N is the number of rented
apartments, the profit is given by P(N) = NP – 500 N = N. (P – 500)
[Since Rs. 500/month is the maintenance charges for each occupied unit]
(ii) (c): Now, if x be the number of non-rented apartments,
then N = 50 – x and P = 8000 + 250 x
Thus, P = N. (P – 500) = (50 – x) (8000 + 250 x – 500)

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= (50 – x) (7500 + 250 x) = 250(50 – x) (30 + x)
(iii) (b): Clearly, if P = 8500, then
8500 = 8000 + 250 x ⇒x = 2 ⇒N = 48
(iv) (a): Also, if P = 8250, then
8250 = 8000 + 250 x⇒ x = 1 and so profit
P (1) = 250(50 – 1) (30 + 1) =Rs. 379750
(v) We have P(x)=250(50 – x) (30 + x)
P′(x)= 250[(–1) (30 + x) + 250(50 – x) (1)]
P′(x)= 250[–30– x+50 – x]
P′(x)= 250[20– 2x]
For maxima/minima, put P′(x) = 0 ⇒ 20 – 2x = 0 ⇒ x = 10
Hence, the rent that maximizes the profit is Rs. 10500.
Thus, price per apartment is, P = 8000 + 2500 = Rs. 10500
Solution to Case study 6.9
(i) (a): Let p be the price per ticket and x be the number of tickets sold.
𝑥 𝑥2
Then, revenue function R(x)=p.x = (19 − 3000). 𝑥 = 19𝑥 − 3000

(ii) (c): Since, more than 42000 tickets cannot be sold.So, range of x is
[0, 42000].
𝑥2 𝑥
(iii) (c): We have, R(x) =19𝑥 − 3000 , ⇒ R’(x) =19 − 1500
𝑥
For maxima/minima, put R′(x) = 0 ⇒ 19 − 1500 = 0 ⇒ x = 28500
1
Also, R′′(x)= − 1500 <0

(iv) (d): Maximum revenue will be at x = 28500

𝑥 28500
Price of a ticket =19 − 3000 = 19 − 19 − 9.5 = 9.5
3000

(v) (d): Number of spectators will be equal to number of tickets sold

when revenue is maximum. Required number of spectators = 28500
Solution to Case study 6.10
(i) (d): Given r cm is the radius and h cm be the height of required
cylindrical can. And volume = 5 liters = 5000 cm3
5000
πr2h = 5000 ⇒ ℎ = π𝑟 2

Now, the surface area, as a function of r is given by

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 5000 10000
S(r) = 2π𝑟 2 + 2πrh = 2π𝑟 2 + 2πr. =2π𝑟 2 +
π𝑟 2 𝑟
10000 10000
(ii) (c): Now, S(r) =2π𝑟 2 + ⇒ S’(r) =4πr −
𝑟 𝑟2
10000 10000
To find critical points, put S′(r) = 0 ⇒ 4πr − = 0 ⇒ 𝑟3 =
𝑟2 4π

2500 1/3
⇒𝑟 =( ) , Also S′’(r)>0, Thus, the critical point is the point of minima.
π

2500 1/3
(iii) (b): The cost of material for the can is minimized when 𝑟 = ( )
π

5000 5000 2(2500) 2500 1/3

cm and the height is ℎ = = 2 = 2500 2/3
= 2( ) 𝑐𝑚
π𝑟 2 2500 1/3 π( ) 𝜋
π(( ) ) π
π

2500 1/3 10000

(iv)(a): We have, minimum surface area= S(r=( ) )= 2π𝑟 2 +
π 𝑟
2π𝑟 3+ 10000
= 𝑟
2500
2π + 10000 15000 15000
= 𝜋
2500 1/3
=2500 1/3
= = 1666.67 cm2
( ) ( ) 9
π π

Cost of 1 m2 material = Rs. 100

1
Therefore, Cost of 1 cm2 material =100

1
Minimum cost=1666.67(100) =Rs. 16.66 = Rs. 16.7

(v) (c): To minimize the cost we need to minimize the total surface area.

BY RAJENDRA PARMAR, PGT (MATHS) KV VALSURA

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