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S 9 HO 12.3 Sound

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24 views4 pages

S 9 HO 12.3 Sound

Uploaded by

aarav.17xyz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SUBJECT: SCIENCE

CLASS: IX
General Instructions:
● The assignment is designed in such a way so as to facilitate students to comprehend the
concepts properly so that they can attempt the topic- related questions given at the end.
● Students are expected to read Page no 167-171 from their NCERT book before starting
with the assignment for better comprehension.
CH-12: SOUND
(HANDOUT- 03)

Laws of Reflection of Sound


● The incident sound wave, the reflected sound wave and the normal, all lie in the same plane.

Laws of Reflection of Sound


● The angle of incidence of sound wave is equal to the angle of reflection formed by the reflected
sound wave, that is, i = r
Echo
● When we hear the same sound again and again in a medium it is called Echo.
● The sound or echo persists in our brain for 0.1 seconds. This means that the difference between
sound and its echo should be at least 0.1 seconds.
● It is produced as a result of reflection of sound through a medium. If sound reflects more than once
we may hear multiple echoes.

Echo
Calculation :
If we take the speed of sound to be 344 m/s (at 22 ºC in air), the sound must go to the obstacle and reach
back the ear of the listener on reflection after 0.1s.
Hence, the total distance covered by the sound from the point of generation to the reflecting surface and
back should be at least (344 m/s) x 0.1 s = 34.4 m.
as, speed x time = Distance
Thus, for hearing distinct echoes, the minimum distance of the obstacle from the source of sound must be
half of this distance, that is, 17.2 m

Reverberation
● It is the persistence of a sound after a sound is produced.
● A reverberation is created when a sound signal is reflected multiple times until it reaches a sound
wave that cannot be heard by human ears.
● Auditoriums and big halls often have to deal with reverberation. That is why the roofs are made up
of soundproof materials like Flipboard and the chairs in the halls are also made up of fabrics that
can absorb sound.

Reverberation
Advantages of Multiple Reflection of Sound
● Horns, trumpets, loudhailers or megaphones are designed in such a way that sound can travel in
a particular direction only without spreading out everywhere. This makes it easier for the
audience to listen to the speaker. All these instruments work on the phenomena of multiple
reflections of sound.

Multiple Reflections through a horn and megaphone


● The multiple reflections in a stethoscope tube make it possible for the doctors to listen to a
patient’s heartbeat.
● Concert halls are generally covered so that sound can reflect through it and reach the wider
audience.
The range of sound – on the basis of the range of frequency of a sound, it is categorized into ultrasound
and infrasound.
Human auditory range is between 20 Hz and 20000 Hz.

Infrasound Ultrasound

Infrasound refers to the sound with frequency lower Ultrasound refers to the sound with frequency
than 20 Hz which can’t be heard by humans. higher than the upper limit (20 kHz) of
frequencies audible to normal human ears.

Ultrasound is commonly used to find flaws in


materials to measure the thickness of objects, to
Infrasound is used to stabilize myopia in young fund physical abnormalities in various parts of
kids. the human body, as well as in the form of a
sound ranging device called Sonar.

Infrasound is influenced by the atmosphere so it can Ultrasound is not influenced by any such factors.
be used to monitor the activities of the atmosphere.

In particular, natural disasters such as volcanic In particular, ultrasound is also used in micro
eruptions, earthquakes etc can be forecasted by welding. The weld is produced by the application
monitoring the infrasonic waves. of higher frequency vibratory energy as the parts
are held together with force.

Range of Infrasound and Ultrasounds


Hearing Aid- The Hearing Aid contains a microphone which receives the sound from the outer
atmosphere and converts it into electrical energy. This electrical energy is passed through an amplifier
which amplifies the sound and then moves it to a speaker. The speaker then converts the electrical signal
into sound waves and sends it to the ear and provides a clear hearing.
Real life Applications of Ultrasound
The ultrasound waves are the sound waves with high frequency. Due to this, they can travel long distances
despite any obstacles between their paths.
● The ultrasound waves are used in clearing parts of objects that are hard to reach such as a spiral
tube or electronic components. In order to clean the objects, they are put in a solution, then the
ultrasonic waves are passed through the solution. As a result, the dust particles on the object get
detached and fall off them.
● Ultrasound waves can recognize tiny cracks in metallic objects that are used in the manufacture
of large structures, buildings and scientific equipment. The presence of such cracks can lower
the strength of these structures and machines. Hence, the ultrasound waves are passed through
the metallic objects and detectors are used to detect the waves that pass through the cracks. If a
crack is present the ultrasound waves would reflect back.

Ultrasound waves can detect cracks in a metal


● Ultrasonic waves are also used in a medical process called Echocardiography. In this process,
the ultrasound waves are passed through various parts of the heart in order to form the images of
the organ.
● Ultrasonic waves are also used in a procedure called Ultrasonography. In this procedure, the
ultrasonic waves are passed through the internal organs of the body in order to get their image.
In this way, the doctors can find out the cause of a disease or any abnormalities in the organs.
The ultrasound waves travel through the tissues of the body and as soon as the density of the
tissue changes they reflect back. The reflected waves are then converted into electrical signals
which form the images of the internal organs.
● Ultrasound waves are also used to break the kidney stones.

NOTEBOOK WORK: Let’s write the answers of Q1 and Q2 in 20-40 words each.
Q1. If an observer places his ear at the end of a long pipe, he can hear two distinct echoes when the pipe is
hammered at the other end. Explain. (2)
Q2. What is the difference between an echo and a reverberation? (2)

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