SAHODAYA PREBOARD EXAMINATION 2022-23

CLASS – XII
Maximum Marks – 70 Time Allowed – 3 Hours.
General Instructions
(1) There are 35 questions in all. All questions are compulsory
(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and
Section E. All the sections are compulsory.
(3) Section A contains eighteen MCQ of 1 mark each, Section B contains seven questions
of two marks each, Section C contains five questions of three marks each, section D
contains three long questions of five marks each and Section E contains two case
study-based questions of 4 marks each.
(4) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section
B, C, and D. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
(5) Use of calculators is not allowed.

Sub.: PHYSICS [042]

SECTION A (MCQ- ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT)
(Each question of this section carries 1 mark)
Directions (Q1-Q18): Write the correct option in the answer book.

1. A metallic shell has a point charge ‘q’ kept inside its cavity. Which one of the following
diagrams correctly represents the electric lines of forces?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

2. A, B and C are three points in a uniform electric field. The electric potential is:

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 (a) maximum at A (b) maximum at B
(c) maximum at C (d) same at all the three points A, B and C
3. A capacitor is charged by a battery. The battery is removed and another identical uncharged
capacitor is connected in parallel. The total electrostatic energy of resulting system:
(a) increases by a factor of 4 (b) decreases by a factor of 2
(c) remains the same (d) increases by a factor of 2
4. A metal wire is subjected to a constant potential difference. When the temperature of the metal
wire increases, which of the following statements is TRUE?
(a) drift velocity increases, thermal velocity of electron decreases
(b) drift velocity increases, thermal velocity of electron increases
(c) drift velocity decreases, thermal velocity of electron decreases
(d) drift velocity decreases, thermal velocity of electron increases
5. A long wire carrying a steady current is bent into a circular loop of one turn. The magnetic field
at the centre of the loop is B. It is then bent into a circular coil of n turns. The magnetic field at
the centre of this coil of n turns will be:
(a) 2nB (b) 2n2B (c) nB (d) n2B
6. Electron of mass m and charge q is travelling with a speed v along a circular path of radius r at
right angles to a uniform magnetic field of intensity B. If the speed of the electron is doubled
and the magnetic field is halved, the resulting path would have a radius:
r r
(a) 2r (b) 4r (c) (d)
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7. A magnetic needle having length 2L, magnetic moment M and pole strength m units, is broken
into two pieces at the middle. The magnetic moment and pole strength of each piece will be
respectively
M m m M
(a) and (b) M and (c) and m (d) M and m
2 2 2 2
8. A thin semicircular conducting ring (PQR) of radius r is falling with its plane vertical in a
horizontal magnetic field B, as shown in the figure. The potential difference developed across
the ring when its speed is v, is:

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 Bvr 2
(a) Zero (b) and P is at higher potential
2
(c) rBv and R is at higher potential (d) 2rBv and R is at higher potential
9. When the current changes from +2A to -2A in 0.05s, an emf of 8V is induced in a coil. The
coefficient of self-induction of the coil is
(a) 0.1H (b) 0.2H (c) 0.4H (d) 0.8H
10. In LCR circuit, capacitance is changed from C to 2C. For resonant frequency to remain
unchanged, the inductance should be changed from L to: (assume R to be constant)
(a) 4L (b) 2L (c) L/2 (d) L
11. Electromagnetic waves transport:
(a)charge and momentum (b) frequency and wavelength
(c) energy and momentum (d) wavelength and energy
12. The coherent light sources having intensity in the ratio 2x : 1 produce an interference pattern.
Imax  Imin
The ratio will be:
I max  Imin

2x 2x 2 2x 2 2x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
x 1 2x  1 x 1 2x  1
13. An electron beam has a kinetic energy equal to 100 eV. Find its wavelength associated with a
beam, if mass of electron = 9.1 × 10–31 kg and 1eV = 1.6 × 10–19 J.
(Planck's constant = 6.6× 10–34 Js)
(a) 24.6 Å (b) 0.12 Å (c) 1.2 Å (d) 6.3 Å
14. The wavelength of the first line at Lyman series of hydrogen atom is equal to that of the second
line of Balmer series for a hydrogen like ion. The atomic number Z of hydrogen like ion is:
(a)3 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d)2
15. Mass numbers of two nuclei are in the ratio of 4: 3. Their nuclear densities will be in the ratio
of
1 1
 3 3  4 3
(a) 4: 3 (b)   (c) 1: 1 (d)  
4 3
For questions (16-18) two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b),
(c) and (d) as given below.
16. Assertion: It is not possible to have interference between the waves produced by two
independent source of light.
Reason: for interference of two waves the phase difference between the waves must remain
constant.
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 (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false and R is false
17. Assertion: In photoelectric effect, on increasing the intensity of light, both the number of
electrons emitted and kinetic energy of each of them get increased but photoelectric current
remains unchanged.
Reason: The photoelectric current depends only on the wavelength of light.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false and R is false
18. Assertion:The energy gap between the valence band and conduction band is greater in silicon
than in germanium.
Reason:Thermal energy produces fewer minority carriers in silicon than in germanium.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false and R is false
SECTION B (SHORT ANSWER TYPE I)
(Each question of this section carries 2 marks)
19. Why are electric field lines perpendicular to equipotential surfaces? Draw the equipotential
surfaces for an electric dipole. What is the work done in moving a charge ‘Q’ on an equipotential
surface?
20. Out of the two magnetic materials, ‘A’ has relative permeability slightly greater than unity while
‘B’ has less than unity. Identify the nature of the materials ‘A’ and ‘B’. Will their susceptibilities
be positive and negative?
21. (i) Identify the part of the electromagnetic spectrum which is
(a) detected by stimulating nerve endings of a retina of healthy human being.
(b) used to detect fake currency
(ii)Is the ratio of frequencies of ultra-violet rays and infra-red rays in glass more than, less than
or equal to 1?
22. An equilateral glass prism has a refractive index 1.6 in air. Calculate the angle of minimum

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deviation of the prism, when kept in a medium of refractive index .
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23. Define a wavefront. What kind of wavefronts come out of a point source? How do we convert
these wavefronts to plane wavefronts?
24. A heavy nucleus X of mass number 240 and binding energy per nucleon 7.6 MeV is split into
two fragments Y and Z of mass numbers 110 and 130. The binding energy per nucleon of Y and
Z is 8.5 MeV per nucleon. Calculate the energy Q released per fission in MeV.
OR
When a given photosensitive material is irradiated with light of frequency, the maximum speed
of the emitted photoelectrons equals vmax. The square of vmax, i.e., v2max , is observed to vary with

, as per the graph shown in figure. Obtain expression for Planck’s constant.

25. Draw energy band diagrams of an n-type and p-type semiconductors at temperature T > 0 K.
Mark the donor and acceptor energy levels with their energies in each case.
SECTION C (SHORT ANSWER TYPE II)
(Each question of this section carries 3 marks)
26. (i) Describe with suitable theory and diagram, how a moving coil galvanometer can be
converted into an ammeter of suitable range.
(ii) To increase the current sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer by 50 %, its resistance is
increased so that the new resistance becomes twice its initial resistance. By what factor does
its voltage sensitivity change?
27. The following figure shows two long coaxial solenoids, each of length ‘L’. The outer solenoid
has an area of cross section A1 and number of turns/length n1. The corresponding values for the
inner solenoid are A2 and n2.
(i) Derive the expression of their mutual inductance M.
(ii) How the mutual inductance can be increased?

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28. With the help of a diagram, explain the principle of a device which changes a high voltage into a
low voltage but does not violate the law of conservation of energy. Write two uses of this device.
OR
A voltage V = V0 sinωt is applied to a series LCR circuit. Derive the expression for the average
power dissipated over a cycle. Under what condition is maximum power dissipated in the
circuit?
29. On the basis of photon theory, obtain Einstein's photo-electric equation. Use this equation to
show that there must exist a threshold, frequency for each photo-sensitive surface. Radiations of
frequencies 1 and 2 are made to fall in turn, on a photo-sensitive surface. The stopping
potentials required for stopping the most energetic emitted photo-electrons in the two cases are
V₁ and V₂ respectively. Obtain a formula for determining Planck's constant and the threshold
frequency in terms of these parameters.
30. (i) Define the distance of closest approach.
(ii) An α-particle of kinetic energy ‘K’ is bombarded on a thin gold foil. The distance of the
closest approach is ‘r’. What will be the distance of closest approach for an α-particle of
double the kinetic energy?
(iii) In the Geiger-Marsden experiment, draw a plot showing the variation of number of α-
particles scattered (N) with the scattering angle θ
SECTION D (LONG ANSWER TYPE)
(Each question of this section carries 5 marks)
31. State Gauss’s law for electrostatics. Use it to derive an expression for the electric field due to a
uniformly charged thin spherical shell of radius ‘a’ at a point (i) outside the shell (ii) on the
surface and (iii) inside the shell. Also draw a graph showing the variation of electric field with
distance as measured from the centre of the shell.
OR
(a) Define an ideal electric dipole. Give anexample.
(b) Derive an expression for the torque experienced by an electric dipole in a uniform electric
field. What is net force acting on this dipole?
(c) An electric dipole of length 2 cm is placed with its axis making an angle of 60° with respect
to uniform electric field of 105 N/C. If it experiences a torque of 8 3 Nm, calculate the
magnitude of charge on the dipole, and its potential energy.
32. (i) State Kirchhoff’s laws.
(ii) Use Kirchhoff’s rules to determine the potential difference between the points A and D
when no current flows in the arm BE of the electric network shown in the figure.

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 (iii) Derive the equation of the balanced state in a Wheatstone bridge using Kirchhoff’s laws.
OR
(i) Two cells of emf E1 and E2 and internal resistances r1 and r2 are connected in series. Derive
the expression for the equivalent emf and equivalent internal resistance of the combination.
(ii) If n identical shells connected in series across a resistor ‘R’, obtain the condition for
maximum current.
33. (i) Draw a neat labelled ray diagram showing image formation at infinity for a refracting
telescope. Also derive an expression for its magnifying power in this setting.
(ii) A small telescope has an objective lens of focal length 150 cm and an eyepiece of focal
length 5 cm. If this telescope is used to view a 100 m high tower 3 km away, find the
height of the final image when it is formed 25 cm away from the eyepiece.
OR
(i) Using Huygen’s principle, derive the laws of reflection.
(ii) A parallel beam of light of wavelength 500 nm falls on a narrow slit and the resulting
diffraction pattern is observed on a screen 1 m away. It is observed that the first minimum
is at a distance of 2.5 mm from the centre of the screen. Find the width of the slit and
distance of first secondary maximum from the centre of the screen.
SECTION E(CASE-BASED QUESTIONS)
(Each question of this section carries 4 marks where each sub question carries 1 mark each.)
34. CASE STUDY – TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions
Total internal reflection is the phenomenon of reflection of light into denser medium at the
interface of denser medium with a rarer medium. For this phenomenon to occur necessary
condition is that light must travel from denser to rarer and angle of incidence in denser medium
must be greater than critical angle (C) for the pair of media in contact. Critical angle depends on
1
nature of medium and wavelength of light. We can show that   . Total Internal reflection
sin C
has many real-life applications like in working of Optical Fibres, in explaining the formation of
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 mirage and especially in explaining the sparkling brilliance of diamonds. The total internal
reflection of the light is used in polishing diamonds to create a sparking brilliance. By polishing
the diamond with specific cuts, it is adjusted the most of the light rays approaching the surface
are incident with an angle of incidence more than critical angle. Hence, they suffer multiple
reflections and ultimately come out of diamond from the top. This gives the diamond a sparking
brilliance. The absolute refractive index of diamond is 2.42 and its critical angle in air is 24.20.

(i) Why light cannot escape without multiple total internal reflections once it enters diamond?
(ii) How does the critical angle of diamond-air interface compare with diamond-water
interface?
(iii) Total internal reflection is not a phenomenon of reflection of light. Justify.
(iv) If the critical angle for air water interface for violet colour is 490, then its value for red
colour will be more or less than 490? Explain your answer.
OR
(iv) Calculate the speed of light in a medium, whose critical angle is 30°.
35. CASE STUDY: BIASING OF A DIODE
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions
When the diode is forward biased, it is found that beyond forward voltage V = Vk, called the
knee voltage, the conductivity is very high. At this value of battery biasing for p-n junction, the
potential barrier is overcome and the current increases rapidly with increase in forward voltage.
When the diode is reverse biased, the reverse bias voltage produces a very small current about a
few microamperes which almost remains constant with bias. The small current is reverse
saturation current.
(i) In which condition is a p-n junction forward biased?
(ii) In the case of reverse biasing a p-n junction diode, which process is responsible for the
flow of current?

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(iii) The V~I characteristic of a diode is shown in the adjacent figure. Calculate the ratio of
forward to reverse bias resistance.

(iv) Can we use a voltmeter to determine the barrier potential of an unbiased p-n junction?
Explain your answer.
OR
(iv) What happens to the width of depletion layer in case of forward bias and reverse bias?

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